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The Seaforth News, 1919-09-25, Page 6• By Agronomist. ..?t"8ls Department Is for the use, of our farm rratters who wont the advice OP' sol) '-eel crops etc If Your question an' expert on any question regarding is of sufficient general interest; It will be answered' through this column. If stomped and addressed envelope Is enclosed with ,your letter, a complet e answer will be mailed to you. Address Agronomist, care of Wilson Pubiishing CD., Ltd., 73 Adelaide St W, Toronto, Manure—A Gold Mine on the Farm. Each horse produces $27 worth of manure a year (es 'compared• with commercial fertilizers); each head of cattle. $20 worth; oath beg $8 worth. It is estimated that the total value of manure produced is about $200,000,000 —a veritable gold mine. At .least half of this great wealth of fertilizing material is cheer waste. In some good general firming sec- tions not more than fifteen per cent. of the manure produced is used. Even in the most intensive dairy regions, where cows are Jargely stall fedand comparatively- great care is taken with the manure, the loss seems to be approximately twenty-five per The best plan to prevent this waste is to haul the manure and spread it on the field as fast as produced. When this is not practical, store the manure where it can not leach oat. To save manure, concrete manure pits are being used more and more. These 'pits have concrete floors and sides so that not any of the valuable fertilizing• elements are wasted. A pit 6x12 feet and three feet deep, with wails and floors five inches thick, will serve the needs of the average farm. In ground that does not cave in, only an inside form will be needed in building such a pit, except where the concrete extends a few inches above the ground to prevent flooding by surface water. The floor should be re -enforced by woven wire fencing, put in after about two inches of cement has been laid, the section of fencing being cut long enough to ben I up a' few inches at either end into the side walls. When the re -enforc- ing has- been put in, the remaining three inches of the floor is laid and the forms for the 'Fide walls set up and used immediately. Use one part of cement, two of sand and four of screened gravel. A pit of this kind is large enough to hold the accumula- tion of manure on the average farm until such a time as it can be con- veniently spread on the field. A manure pit doesn't cost money; it saves money, The value of the manure saved when stored in pits will ecluaI at least five per cent. on the pit investment. Where manure is stored in loose, flat piles in the barn- yard, the loss by leaching and decay in six months amounts to from thirty to sixtyaper cent. In some places manure is 'simply thrown out through the barn windows and left to lie against the sides of the barn. The lasses in fertilizing value are large—much larger if thewater from the roof drips on the manure,' Such a practice is not only wasteful,' it is::else very unsanitary. If it must be followed, the gutters on the barn should be constructed so that the water will be carried away. A lean-to shed may be built as a cover over the pile of manure exposed to the weather. Another good way to save manure, especially in the case lot€ hogsor beef cattle, is to have a concrete paved feed lot, preferably under a shed roof. Where the owner of the farm can not afford a paved floor, a cheap open: feeding shed may be made to serve the purpose very well, ifabundant bedding is used to absorb the valuable liquid manure. In etch a feeding lot or shed, the manure is al'lmeed to, gather under the feet of the animals,' each day's bedding being strewn over the well -tramped manure. Some farmers using this system arrange thele feed -racks so that they can be raised from time to time, making it possible to feed till solidly packed manure has accumulated to a depth of; several feet under the shed. It has been 'shown that manure thus handled suffers little from heating and leach- ing. For saving manure the feeding shed serves the purpose of giving the gen- ! eral farm, or the beef cattle farm, something of the advantage held by the intensive dairy farm. The manure saved on the Canadian farm under present conditions is almost exactly ' proportional to the number of animals stall -fed on the farm; the manure of animals not stabled has very little effect on yields, except in cases where field crops are hogged down or other- wise pastured down, or where pasture is used in a rotation, If no shed or pit is available the best method of storing manure in the ( open is to pile in a compact pile with !nearly perpendicular sides. The pile should be left flat on top so that it will absorb the rain water. This not only lessens the amount of leaching, but helps keep the manure moist and thus reduces the fermentation. This 1 method will not prevent leaching; therefore it is recommended only i when there is no better way of storing Ithe Manure, ....._._ Prong Our.I+ali l•zers-For•�Lawnt'- Furred Mends s': FePtr ,Now that the nights are getting: frosty, it is time to begin to thhikl again of trapping. Even more im_j portant, however, is the proper pro- tection of ,our fur -bearers until their far becomes prime and worth full value. You do not want to begin trapping during September or Oetoher, before the pelts are No. 1 iii quality, and, thereby lose half or two -third's of the value of the furs, when be waiting' they will beworth double price. Recolve notto trap until the fur ie p ribie; of Noe' 1'quality.'With most; furs this, will be early in November:! When furs are prime, the flesh side] of the pe:'ts will remain white, without! dark blue streaks, after the animal is skinned. If the flesh side turns blue, at any time, even after drying, the) fur is not yet prime, and will grade. No. 2. If very blue, it may be aNo.I 3 or 4 pelt; and these last two classesI are worth very little. Primeness of skins is judged entr'ely by this white or blue color of the flesh side of the skin. Whether the he-ir slips a trifle or not is not comsidered•pp much, for the condition of the skin otherwise determines whether the hair will slip or not. Of course, a• lele may be per- fectly white, No. 1 in primeness, and still grade No. 2 or 3 because of short- ness of the fur, cuts in skin, etc. Primeness of muskrat skins cannot be judged by whiteness. A muskrat never becomes fully prime and white until about February. The skins caught during the fall, if good qual- ity, may be mare or less blue streak- ed, and yet grade No. 1 fall. The same is true with winter -caught skins. These No. 1 fall or winter skins do not, of course, bring so much as a I No. 1 spring -caught skin, but they are nevertheless considered prime. Muskrat skins vary a great deal dui- ' ing the fall, however. You may oatoh, one skin that is quite white and will grade No. 1, and get 'another sit the same place a week or so later that will be quite blue and grade No, 2. To be sure that they are 'quite prime to wait until early November to trap. 1 Marten skins, also, d're hard to judge at certain times. In some places , in Canada they may be caught, being perfectly prime, but if left out in the lasting d value it is best f/t o ..:air 'There ars a good many fine things about a milking machine, One of than is that your hands don't get tired milking. The last Cow milks as easy as the first one." That is my neighbor's way of sizing up the milking machine. He was left alone through the shifts and turns of the times and could not get help to do his farm work as it ought to be done, The milking was especially tedious, "I used to spend from an hour and a half to two hours right on the milk- ing stool. By the time I got through I was tired and in poor shape to begin -,the real work of the day. Now I am fresh and ready to go at other things after breakfast. I milk my cows in about half the time and they don't mind it as much as they used to when they were pulled and hauled around by careless or indifferent milkers." He spoke of a number of other good features about the milking machine, but this was the windup. "You can't tell how long a man will ' stay if you hire him. I had two or three men last season at different times. I thought I had them for the, season, but they slipped away from' me. Contracts will not hold men who snake up their minds to go. The ma-: dhine stays right on the job. I know in the morning when I get up that I am going to find it in its place, ready' for business. Of course, I have to do some things forthe milking machine,' but it won't go back on me if I use' it right." Another man told me of his ex- perience with a milking machine as follows: "It used to 'take me just about two hours to milk eighteen cows. That , meant four hours, counting night and morning, sitting on the milking stool, the beat I could do. Last winter was unusually cold, and I actually frosted my feet in the stablk, working there bo long at a stretch with little chance to move them around. I "Being faced with another winter of ,like experience, on aocoun't of the lack of help, I determined to put'in a pnlilkinig maohline. The original cost pf the machine was $300, but by turn- ing in a separator 'that we were no 1on:ger using, I was able kb get the milker ,by paying $200 in cash. "The machine ehorben's the (work of ~9nlilking about one half, Which 'cotinee in the short days when chores Make such a. large pert of: the time. That gives me a better chance to work'a.t ether winter work, such as getting tip wood. °I made a pulley out of a round stick of weed -and attached it to the Idrfvin'g shaft of the milker, se that by gearing it to the grindstone we could sharpen the mowing machine knives, grind the scythes, axes and other tools with the same source of power. Altogether I find that the machine enables me to do without help that I would otherwise have to keep through the winter months." In every flock of chicks and of fowls there are individuals which can never be profitable, and often area menace. They are weak and become an easy prey to disease and pass that disease on to others. Thera are also the mis- shapen ones and those which have suf- fered injury. These, with the known non -producers, should be weeded out early in the season. Every flock of youngsters should be watched carefully and any that grow slowly, show signs of weakness, do not have good shape for their are, should be disposed of as early as possibly. Those with twisted wings, deformed beaks, wry tails or crooked backs should likewise leo di:incl of, even though they urn healthy. If we ex •e• t t, ee which are to be kept for i n of :nee for breeders, all surplus males should be ilieposed of as early as they con he fattened and a good market scared. It is care- lessness in points such as this that keeps the scales from turning from failure to success. A good dry cleaner consists of equal parts of cornmeal and salt, moistened well with t'drpentine. Turnips, beets, ♦carrots will keep best at a temperature slightly above freezing. THE CHEERFUL CHERUB q e .,i am tie aap'tair, of' arty soul , .. r I 'a.lrt `'` ot.A.ct a1 ori` pe'.cet sol .dtret l -s but. 1 trIus•h' brave..' lii16. %Oh it1e,' th , submarine.'; }trap during several hours, the pelts are liable to turn perfectly black. Therefore, resolve not to start trap- ping too early. See your neighbors so that they will not start before you do, Draw up a pledge fair to all, and i get them to sign it. Then if any wandering early trapper tries to conte in and get furs before they are prime, Costimttlatc iiIse 'growth of a lawn and to impro•.,,. its appearance fox the fol.owing spring no better t seat- you can all post your land with "No Trapping" signs and work together to prietent,it. If anyone is stubborn aboui. agreeing to watt, point out that in the middle of October a good mink will grade about No. 3 and bring about. $1, but by waiting three weeks, or until early November, it will be 'a No. 1, worth about $6. Can one make money any faster? There is no other Week on the farm that will increase in value so )rapidly: l Prevent hunters and others from shooting muskrats, s•kupkcs, etc., for sport, whenever they get a chance. You might as well allow then' to ehoot your chickens, turkey's, ducks and other fowls for sport. It would be no more expen ive to you. The valuable fur -bearing arthritis on your property are yours as much as any of your stock. Protect them. They are worbhl a little trouble, and will rise in value from year to year. Do not allow them to be caught off too closely. Keep a� good ,supply on hand from year to year, as you would with any other stock. YOU would not kill off every horse and cow you heel on veer place, especially if you could not get any more. The same should be true with If a mink or other animal gets to bothering your poultry a little early, ether get a. good s'afe,house for the hen, or set a box trap at the runaway where the mink will have to enter to get the hen. If the mink bothers, he is caught, Make a pen a few feet square of small wire neltttng, covered on top and bottom. In it have a box ands small water trough, and keep the mink' until its pelt ie prime. In many places in our country the fur -bearers are almost all killed off. This will not do; they must be pro- tected. The fur indu'stryof this count. try.. is worth millions of dollars an.. neatly. We can not let small fur - bearing animals go the way of the buffalo and the passenger pigeon. If your game laws do not amply protect your fur -bearers, write to your Mem: leer to amend them so bleat they will. If they allow people to begin trap- ping, in October, when furs are not prime until . November, don't start trapping' until furs are prime, just be- cause the law says you may. See that your neighbors wait, too, Many people have signed pledges to protect the birds, 'It is just as im- portant that we should• wake up to protecting the, fur. -bearers, before it is too late. One year there were hun- dreds of thousands of passenger pig- eons, and the next year tlfere was hardly one alive in the world. Now not a single survivor can he found. It pays to protect the birds. ment can be recommended. -'than the application of a properly rotted ma- mire in the late fall. This application should not be made until after the frosbs hiive stopped the growth of the grass. Ten to twenty two -horse loads should be applied to the acre, accord- ing as the :soil is more or less nich. It is important that the, manure should be thoroughly rotted before ap- plication so that al'l weed 'seeds are killed, otherwise damage, done by weeds will more than offset the fee- tilizing' value of the application. Ma- nure needs careful handling before it is suited for spreading over the lawn. Unless it Is •properly "composted" it may have most of its valuable con- stituents destroyed by improper handling. To "compost" manure pro- perly it sh'ouldI be treated as follows: Pile all manure in heaps with peter - nate layers of sod or ether litter. Keep it wet enough so it will not burn. Let it stand a whole year through sum- mer and winter, forking it over two or three times daring the year. It will then be ready for use on the lawns and 'Sanger Loom weed seed will be minimized.. Many object to the use of manure at ail, not only because of. the danger from weed 'seed's, but because of its unsightly and unsanitary appearance. These will undoubtedly prefer to use something else, and the most aeon omictfl substitute is finery ground bone or bone meal. This should be applied at the rate of from 500 pounds 'toone ton an acre, according as the ground ks more or loss rich. , With the bone meal it is desirable to use double the quantity of wood ashes, which may be mixed with the bone meal or sown separately. These echoes contain considerable lime in a the fur -bearers. ; o ^"i-a�`-•ii...-aYSz�,.. '^,ae„ tmTm a'm...z� ,-••tlt�L f By John B. 1-hiber AM,MD s't•. Fav a�':...my Dr. Huber will answer all signed letters pertaining to Health. If your question is of general interest it will be enswored through these columns/ if not, It will be answered personally If stamped, addressed envelope is ea. closed. Dr. Huber will not prescribe for individual cases or make diagnosis. Address Dr. John 13, Huber, M,D., cars of Wilson Publishing Co., 73 Adelaide St. West, Toronto Catarrh. t4' I attend carefully to his general health. Nasal catarrh is either acute or Especially must he keep his feet very chronic. warm and dry. Only the doctor can Doctors call the acute vari°ty manage successfully cases of chronic coryza or acute rhinitis; and soy it is catarrh, For he has to use caustics either simple or specific. to the thickenings, the hypertrophies; and he has to remove the crusting A simple coryza is due to exposure and then make proper application to to cold and wet, to irritating vapors stimulate the atrophied condition. such as workmen are exposed to in some occupations; and it accompanies a grs,l ,'teal of rheumatism, tuber- culc end asthma. rifir coryza comes on in the b:'tiuning of most cases of the "com- mon .cold," diphtheria, measles and scarlet fever, and other ,infections, and is due to the germs of those dis- eases. The symptoms are 'sneezing, hoarseness, headache, chilliness, at first dryness in the throat and then, after a few hours, of copious dis- charges, stuffing up of the nostrils and occasional incessant blowing of the nose. Suoh a 'vasal catarrh is very likely to be "catching." A sufferer' from acute rhinitis should take one-half a grain of cal- omel every hour until there is a move- ment of the bowels. The calomel should then be topped off by a seidlitz powder, Then grain's of Dover's powders is a good bedtime dose for this condition, after having taken a hot £ootbahh, Net day take Dr. Lin- coin's rhinitis tablets, one every half hour, until the throat feels dry; these can be had of any druggist. The best local application is to snuff up and to gargle several. times a day a normal salt solution (oneehale teaspoonful of table salt to a tumblerful of water) as ho as can be horns with comfort. Chronic nasal catarrh is likely to follow an acute rhinitis. In the course of time the nasal mucous membrane becomes 'eh$ekenad and obstructive, making the breathing labored and difficult. Then after many months or years, the mucous membrane becomes atrophied, with a bad odor and green- ish offensive crusts. amnia catarrh is more a symptom of sionie other ailment than a disease .in itself, There is generally genie constitutional 'disease which the doe- los must cure; upon which the catarrh will geherally get well of itself. Any- body with catarrh, therefore, must regulate his diet and habits, and must No alcohol or tobacco habitue can be cured ofe his catarrh, while he uses these substances, The vast majority of incurable deneners comes from neglected catarrh. Questions and Anewers. I ant a returned man. Was severely gassed in May, 1915, and 'ens invalid- ed home, discharged as medically un- fit in 1917 with dilated heart. Sinc.. invest Your ' Money., In 5'/t % DE13 1\r `PtE interest payable" halt' yearly. The Great West Parmattesst Loan Compa'tiy Toronto Office 20"1(I''rcg St. West STORK WINDPV10,8,1DOORS i3df? SI4ES to suit Mir creniun Fiatrdl will elms. Solo de- liver). guaranteed. Ni/ritc for Price List ILI Cut clown fel bills. inure wmtor comfort. The t•SAISt-2nAy COMPANY, Limited � \ HAaliFon -- SAtorTO"Y Olsr5,l!UTons CANADAA very desirable form, as well as other valuable elements. All applications should be made be- fore the ground freezes permanently for the, winter, as otherwise the fer- tilizer may be largely washed from the .soil hefoie it has a chance to be- come incorporated with e't, Prepared sheep' manure—le—an excel- lent dressing. As ithas been steriliz- ed by drying and teendered odorless, there sore not the objections to it that. there might be to ordinary manure. If there are parts of the Iawn which will be tramped over/ When they are not frozen, especially when snow is melting' there, they should be pro- tected to prevent persons from cut- ting across. Tramping on the /turf when it is covered by slush or snow is" destructive to a lawn. '- Buy Thrift Stamps.. Potatoes .require a cool place not too dry. e The metric system has been offcial- ly,adopted by 33 countries, and is used to a greater or less extent in 200. s .....em Qw t.« � e. e ster Mora e MOR. C.G (Me.raf n, (F: Sea Brom&, a) Mr moral con Itlon, or am candle. .tn Who repack a, fares It Is afeved labor dependent upon, moretwn atderatlens, such as seal eplrtt, /We and confidence; amnia/ sick, as 4'17164 of mem an army, and like- HAT is Dr. Webster's definition. Many of us know the word only in its war -time application. • Webster dwells firstly upon the usage of the word"morale" as applied to the common -place referencega of to an army every -day comeslater. And Webster life. His allusion to 'ts is corredt—meticulously so. It was their private -life morale that made such splendid soldiers of our boys when the time came for them to don the khaki. It was that, and that alone, that made them take the first step, and it was thatwhich carried them through to victory. If their every -day morale had been neglected, the Army could have done little with them and success would not have crowned their efforts. It is the many little incidents of your daily routine that make up your morale—the morning shave, your clean linen, polished shoes, brushed clothes. Webster speaks of zeal, spirit, hope and confi- dence. It is by attention to the small details of your personal appearance that these may be attained. The Gillette Safety Razor enters as much into the morale of every- day life as it did into that of the trenches. It helped our, soldiers to maintain their confidence and, bearing. It will do the same for you. The Gillette Safety Razor makes the daily shave come easy—there is no pulling or scraping—no honing, or stropping—just five minutes of perfect shaving comfort, And, afterwards, a chin that tells of 'morale and self-reapect., Sold at most stores catering to men's needs. InAbe 1N _.•, ;CANA4a. • 'RPtOWN Tian ' WORLD 0V555, 540 'The Gillette Safety Razor Co. of Canada, Limited; Montreal, Que. • `Z then I have suffered very much with tieasl nerves, being very irritable, sensitive and at times have pains in the temple. Also at gimes I have smarting sensa- tions in the Iegs and arms. I used to have severe pains around my heart, but have not been troubled muoh in that respect lately. Sometimes I have a kind of suffocation at might. This Mostly happens just when I am going to sleep. At times I get a very de- pressed feeling and get mopey. I have been a fairly heavy smoker and tea drinker. I em at present worldng on a farm to complete my . vocational training course. I was recommended for farm work, Do you think that dross of work will suet me? Answer—I can hardly think of an invalided hero more worthy of ad- miring sympathy than the man who has been gassed in warfare. It is possible that you will never regain 100 per cent. efficiency, But by quiet living, being careful not to over- exert, cutting down the coffee and the tea, smoking to acoo do modera- tion (I should advise cuttingit out entirely in your case, unless ou don't care much about it anyway), the sen- s'ations you mentyon will-li'n large part di,saplear. Try to get good sleep, with windows Wide open. 'I pan vary glad you are on a Oati'i'!i. That is the place and the vocation for the re- turned men. Pub until your health comes around oket overwork. I am fermata mailing you furbher in on. Best wishes! Y -•A EYlChi{ IViOev wi YduYtireel.,4. mouth Wash The universal mouth Antiseptic :for Pyorrhoea and sore gums. Heals and hardens bleeding gums at once and tightens the teeth. , , - McCTtTMMON'S Mouth Wash deodorizes all decomposed mat- ter and Makish the mouth fresh ands set, •\.;: .. A oaT TO riVI,Q10ELIS 14,CRIMMON'S CHEMICALS iihtITEOP Menu Fa,cburirig Chemists 29 RICHMOND ST, �r 4p• •a, TORONTO INTE$6NATIONAL LESSON SI:PTE11$ IER 29. Jeso5 Our S'aviona- :end King—Review. Matt. 21:' 1-0', 15, 10. Golden Text, Matt. 21 9. The first lesson for the quarter now ending gave us its central and 'pre- vailing theme: The Church, Its Life raid Work,'fle ' e• review' may dwell uponthis theme; and the questions raised may be of the nature andmean- ing of the Church, its membership, its sacraments, its helpful and inspiring fellowship,its private and ..public wore ship, its work of winning souls and spreading the Gospel throughout the world', .its interest in every good word and work and especially in movements for social betterment, its ideals and laws, its hope of the life that is be- yond, and its guide -book of:faith, the Holy Scriptures. It is well that we should seek to gain a true conception of what the Church is, Wo must avoid the two extremes as often met with in these 1 days, the one of identifying the Church with sense special form or organization or institution, and the other of disregarding or making light of all forms and all organization. The simple, primary fact is that the asso- ciation, or fellowship; or companion- sfiip and co-operation, of those who believe ,in and follow- Jesus Christ makes His Church. Where two or , three are gathered in His name IIe is present in their midst, and that is all that is essential. In the time of the apostles and the first preaching of the Gospel we read of "the brethren" (Acts 1: 15), of them that receivee the apostles' weed and continued in their teaching and fellowship (Acts 2: 41,, 42), of them that believed and were`together and heel all things com- mon (Acts 2: 43, 44), of the apostles' ''own company" (Acts 4: 23), who were "of- one heart and soul" (Acte 4: 32), and of the increaeing number of disciples (Acts 6: 7), who•whereeer they, went abroad preached the Gospel and formed• communities of those who believed (Acts 8: 4); which comment. ties "were at once called 'churches, or, as a whole, the Church (Acts 9: 31 and 13: 1). So it has been through all the centuries and in every land, since those days. They who believe in and. follow Jesus come together that they may help each other and may ,further extend His gospel. Baptism became the sign of formal entrance to the Christian community, and the Lord's 'Supper the symbol and formal recognition of its fellowship. In its meetings men tallied and prayed together, toad the Holy Scriptures, to which were now added the Gospel nar- ratives and letters of counsel and in- struction from the apostolic leaders, sang hymns of praise and listened to words of instruction or exhortation. In such meetings were planned the first great missionary enterprises, under the inspiring guidance of the Holy Spirit (see Acts 13: 1-3), and to them were welcomed the returning mission- aries, who "rehearsed all things that God. had done with them" The Church speedily found, as it still finds, its distinctive work to do. It provided food for the hungry and clothing -for the poor in daily minis- tration (Acts 6: 1 and 9: 36-39); it proclaimed the gospel of God's love in Christ and bore witness to His resurrection, „ The missionaries of the Gospel went abroad to many lands, founding churches, teaching in schools, rebuking crime and superstition and idolatry, endeavoring to establish clean living and pure morals and.right and just relations between all classes. Their work was mighty in the over- throwing of ancient strongholds of error, but in the highest sense con- strictive in that it aimed to build and to sanctify the life of the home and of the state. -" Above all, the Church with its great evangel led men to faith in God and gave them hope for the future. The common things of life were glorified in its teachings and given a signifi- cance of immortality. Men were en- abled to see life in its relation tq eternity. The gospel of the Church demanded the making the most of this life in the light of that which fete come. It broadened human sympath- ies and broke down ancient barriers or race and creed and color, establish- ing a real brotherhood. It put master and slave, rich and poor, high and low, great and small upon an equality, in the sight of God, as brothers beloved (Philemon 16). It pointed to the eon. - summation of human relations in a holy citizenship, ee "household of God" (Epi. 2: 19-22), which is the Church's ideal in all ages, The Church has the best things on its program, The Irpagti.e of Nations Was planned b7 it centu{i.es gtgo, lJ stands for justice to ell ate syz - sthies aro with the poor and With all P who suffer. The Church cares for the Bettis of all, Gan any one of us afford to remain outside its fellowship and itis activities? The care o , at?tlt .i.gn ii'.Fn: ts., putnds at alt tones the careful at- tention of. the farmer. Never w4s there greater need"thannow fon ecoa " omy in this direction, The lands are jft . t• Withall the autumn blaze of golden- rod; And everywhere the purple severe mad And bend and wave amyl fift;."ls,r,,..