The Seaforth News, 1919-04-03, Page 3Look for the Rennie Seed Display
15,000 dealers throughout Canada are ready
to supply you with these tested seeds.
It's time to think about plantingyour bock -
yard garden. Make your selefohs now.
Seeds
The wide variety of the Rennie line assures you
of obtaining just what you want in either flowers
or vegetables.
AU Rettnie's, Seeds are tested for germination and
their quality proven. Should your dealer be un-
able to supply all the seed's` you require, write
us direct.
send for copy of Re re's 'tool Catalogue. It tedudex Poultry ettppnea,THE.
Plaaet junior Carden 'roots, Sprayers, Nertllizerr, etc.
WILLIAM R NI C IMTED
KING AND MARKET STS. TORONTO
ALSO AT MONTREAL, WINNIPEG, VANCOUVER
• a=
tan
Al Agronotute ,
((, Thts Department Is for the use of our farm readers who want•the,edvit4
at, an expert on any question regardia4 sell, seed, crops, etc. If fx,Ur question;,
Is of sufficient general interest, It will be answered tttpytfgh this column.R`
,stamped and addressed envelope is, enclosed with .,your, lettee,,s cotnplsts,
answer will 9 ibAdelaie maildeed toBEyou. AddTorontreitso. Agronomist, care o1' Wilson Pubtishinv
Enquirer, -1. When sowing oats on its best on medium loam or heavy
novdflern-
Some farmers were recently dis-
cussing the beef -cattle question, one
man saying the industry would de-
cline because of the high prices of
feed. He was answered by the old
feeder in this way: "You're ass alarm-
ist. We have soldiers and nations
of Peoples to feed. We must and we
will do it. We're not going out of
the live -stock business because feed
is high. We're going to produce
snore beef than ever we did before.
Prices will justify us in doing so.
But—and here listen to mo—we've
got to feed in a more scientific man-
ner, and know what we are doing."
In this statement is characterized
,the feeling of many other men.
Scientific feeding means more than
choosing good stock and giving a
certain ration. In our experience I
have found our platform scales an i
indispensable article in' determining
the profit anti Iosses in feeding live
stock. We have bought, raised and
fed many classes and grades of stock
and we weigh it frequently: when it
is purchased, when it is shifted from
one pasture field to another, and
every +'math or so from early fall
until the following pasture season.
With the records of the weights
and the amount of feed fed to the
animals it is no trick at all for us
to tell which are the most profitable
to feed. We have bought and fed
some scrub stock along with good
grades, and the scales have told
when we were feeding at a profit or
loss. As an example, we hada mixed
herd of twenty head that were mak-
ing profitabire gains, from May, when
turned on pasture, to " December.
Then when weighed again in January
a little figuring showed they were
hardly paying for their feed, and as
they were in good market condition
they were sold immediately.
GOOD HEALTH QUESTION BOX
Dy Andrew
F. Currier, MD.
Or. Currier will answer all sign°
question Is of general interest it wi
if not, It will be answered personail
closed. Dr. Currier will not prescribe
Address Dr. Andrew F. Currier, care
St. West, Toronto.
Row to Pasteurize Milk.
I want to tell my readers how t
• pasteurize milk at home.
Buy a two -quart double boiler, i
you haven't one, and at any drug
store buy a dairy thermometer. Scour
the double boiler and scald it, then
put a few inches of water into the
outer part of it and a quart of milk
into the inner part. Cleanse the
thermometer with soap and cold wa-
ter and put it into the milk. Cleanse
a large spoon and put that Into the
milk. Put the boiler over the fire
and quickly bring the milk to a
temperature of.145 degrees and keep
it there for thirty minutes. Don't
take the thermometer out of the milk
till the thirty minutes are up. Still
the milk with the spoon occasionally
to prevent a scum from forming,
Also leave the spoon in the milk till
you are through.
This procedure has then killed A8
per cent. of all the germs in the milk.
Cool the milk as rapidly as possible
by putting it on the ice. Meantime
you will have boiled ill a dishpan a
clean milk bottle, into which pour
the milk from the boiler after. -tt is
eoolede Complete the performance
by putting a clean paper or metal
cap over the mouth of the bottle.
Remember that it is necessary to
bring the temperature of the milk up
to 146 degrees as quickly as possible
and keep it there for thirty minutes.
Temperatures lower than 145 do not
kill the bacteria., but favor their
development, while temperatures
over 165 cause undesirable changes
hr the milk.
Remember that pasteurized milk
is not boiled milk, but very far from
it. The boiling polnt is 212 degrees
i Fahrenheit, while pasteurization
calls for only 145 degrees,
I want .to go on record in making
the statement that pasteurized milk
is the only safe milk that is, pro-
duced. This statement holds good
even if you keep your own cows and
do your own milking.
153. Pasteur, to famous French
d letters pertaining to Health, Ii your
II be answeged through these columns;
y If stamped, addressed envelope Is en -
for Individual cases or make diagnosis.
of Wilson Publishing Co., 73 Adelaide
physician, first told us how to rid
o milk of its dangers without material-
ly changing the milk. Hence the.
f word: "Pasteurize,"
Questions and Answers.
F. J. D. I have been troubled a
long time with weaknese and nerv-
ousness. Could you suggest some
kind of a remedy?
Answer—I do not know enough
about your case to speak about It
particularly, but would say, in gen-
eral, that it is possible that you may
be suffering from overwork and
should have a rest. Rest, good food,
plenty of .sleep and moderate exer-
cise, would probably be more help-
ful to yen than any medicine.
E. W.—Is there any danger of in-
fection in occupying a house in
which someone has just died of can-
ser?-' I have been prevented from
going into such a house for fear of
this result. The circumstances are
these: Cancer appeared in one of a
block of six houses. In another year
a person in another house was at-
tacked, And a year or two later, a
house on the other side was attack-
ed. After some time the disease
entered the house at the back of the
others. Several others in the neigh-
borhood were also invaded and in
each case it was a mother who was
the victim, Do you think it was
simply a series of coincidences or
was there some other cause?
Answer—The condition is a very
interesting one, and if the disease
r es really cancer in each case, I do
not believe it was transmitted from
one house to the other; for, cancer
is hot infectious. Besides, the in-
terval between the appearance in the
different houses was too great to ex-
plain it pry' infection. If the disease
had been tuberculosis, I should think
such an occurrence would have been
quite possible. If, however, you de-
sire to occupy the house and will
have it carefully disinfected with
formalin, I should think you could go
into it without any hesitation,
corn and other planting ground, and
buckwheat stubble, would you get `a
better crop from spring cultivating
or would it be necessary, to spring
plow? 2. I Nave a piece of clay
loam land which; in 1917 was manur-
ed and had potatoes on.. Last year,
-1918, 1 put tomatoes on and I plowed
them down and put buckwheat On
had, a good crop. Would it do to put
sugar beets or mangels on this year
without manuring or would it do at
all? 3. Would millet do well on sod
spring plowed once or twice? 4.
When is'tihe- proper time to plant late
potatoes? Will small seed not cat
do? 5. Can a -hotbed be started with
cotton instead of glass? 6. Will rape
'grow on- light land? 7. How many
pecks of oats to the acre?
.Answer: -1. The success of grow-
ing oats following corn or buckwheat
which has been disked is entirely de-
pendent upon the nature of the soil.
If the soil contains tt considerable
amount of clay and is closely packed,
it will require spring plowing. How-
ever, if the disk tears up the seedbed,
to a depth of. about 3 inches and
leaves a mellow well -worked surface,
you should get profitable yield's of
oats without the spring plowing. 2.
If the soil is of a medium loam char-
acter I see no reason for advising
against following the buckwheat
crop with sugar beets or mangels. If
you attempt to grow them without
manuring, necessarily your crop will
be entirely proportioned by the am-
ount of planifood they can get. There
is abundant evidence to show that
both sugar beats and mangels great-
lybenefit e n
efi
t
from
profitable fertiliza-
tion. Ottawa Experiment Station re-
ported iii 1916 that where no manure
was added they harvested 82 bus, of
mangels per acre. Where manure,
15 tons per acre, was added this was
increased to 113 bus. per acre. Where
15 tons of manure plus 584 lbs. of
high grade fertilizer was added the
yield was 573 bus. In fact with 7%
tons of manure and 584 lbs. of fer-
tilizer the yield was 533 bus. per
acre. 1,331 lbs. of high grade fer-
tilizer • alone gave 610 bus. of man -
gels to the acre. This plantfood
should be worked carefully into the
soil at the time the seed is sown at
a depth about where the tiny plants
begin their growth. 3, Yee, 4, The
proper time to plant late potatoes
Wilt vary' entirely -with the section of
the province. You have to figure on
sufficient days free of frost to ma -
tore your potato crop, hence under
normal Ontario conditions it is not
well to leave the planting of late po-
tatoes much beyond the middle of
June. However, you have to be en-
tirely guided by the nature of the
season. Small seed, not leas than 1%
ounces of a good vigorous variety of
potatoes will give you good yields.
However, do not depend upon the
small potatoes year atter year. If
you do it is just like selecting the
small undersized livestock front weak
parentage. You cannot keepCup the
vigor of your stock. 6. Cotton is used
on a hotbed largely to shed the di-
rest rays of the sun. The white cot-
ton reflects a large amount of the
piercing rays. The idea of the hot-
bed is to allow the suns rays tci pass
through the glass cover, warm up the
soil and produce summer growing
conditions long before the outside
climate has become so favorable.
For this reason, cotton cannot be
substituted for glass. 6. Rape will
grow on light land. However, it does • Cleanser, etc., may be used.
soil. It 1
requires a ergs airmen
moisture, hence ,if „comparati
light soil eoritaipg,a good supply
humus the chances, for a p
crop are much better, 7. As a
on medium soil lila bus, of oats
usually sown. per acre. However,
the soil is exceedingly rich it is some-
times well to increase thie quantity
even to 2 bus. to;the acre.
The fit, 'ngt'of all horses for aprin
wonit iiioOld: bel,n sit.ince; Hors
e
wh'i•8h aro still bin roiigh'feeds shoul
now receive a medium-sized feed
grain and a better quality of hay
SEED CORN A5dreast
IBA. Z. C+ILYSA&[ windxor, Oat.
g
HARRY'S , OLLE:C TORS
OFFER
than they have hadthroughthe win
ter, By now each 'horse should be
on•-gegifar, light work, or at least
regular exercise, and should have
front ten to twelve pounds or grain
daily, divided into three feeds. When
heavy spring work begins he should
t of° receive frons one to. one and a quarter
rely pounds of grain fo'r, each 100 pounds
of of his weight.Rock salt should be
eying kept in the manger.
rule When a horse is' idle for only a
are day or so, reduce the grain one-half.
if Rest and fat are the greatest en-
sile es of the horse. Feeding to fit
him for heavy summer work after an
idle winter requires care and skill.
A horse fattened during the winter is
in poorer condition for hard summer
work than one fed only enough to
keep him in good condition. A soft.
horse withstands heavy labor and
summer heat very poorly.
Many horses, especially young
horses, are troubled with sore shoul-
ders in spring. The fitting of the
harness and proper care of shoulders
will prevent this trouble. Clean the
harness, fit the collar properly and
be sure to clean collar pads and
pound them smooth. A careful daily
washing of shoulders and withers in
cold salt water will cleanse and
toughen the skin so it will stand the
severe work of warm weather.
The Care of the Milking Machi
In the production of pure milk
a milking machine, great care
necessary in the handling and w
ing of the machine. Milk that is
lowed to become dry on the parts
very difficult to get off, To av
this, as soon as the last cows
milked and the milk emptied,
while the pump' id still running, c
water should be drawn through
teat.cups into the can, The urachi
should then he removed to the da
and dismantled, The can covers
which the pulsator is usually atta
ed should be washed in hot water
which has been added some alkali
washing powder. This will diesel
any fats adhering to the parts. 0
a day, a brush should be used on
interior of the teat cups. These par
should now be put into a sterilizi
solution until next milking tim
Once a week, the teat - cups and a
tached rubbers should be taken a'p'
and thoroughly washed in hot alk
Iine water with the special brush
suppled for this purpose. The ca
may be handled with the rest of t
dairy utensils in the ordinary evesteams
steaming or scalding and draining i
a room free from dust being import
ant.
On taking the teat cups front th
sterilizing solution for the next milk
ing, they should he rinsed in fres
cold water and then be assemble
At Allis stage, the drawing' of scald
ing water through the teat cups int
the cans would have a beneficial ef
feet but is liable to injure the rub
bor. When adjusting the milker an
attaching the teat cups to the cow'
teats, be careful not to draw bars
air through the tubes into the can
In shifting the machine from on
cow to another anti changing the can
let the milk and casts be exposed t
the barn air as little as possible.
One of the best sterilizing sol
tions to use is comprfsed of chlorid
of lime. Hee fresh chloride of lir
preferably from sealed tins, anti pro
vide an earthenware crock, Into this
put one pound of chloride of lime
and add a gallon. of cold water. Break
up the lumps, stir thoroughly and
then allow to settle. Cover and keep
in a cool place. This is p stock solu-
tion and only the dear liquid oft the
top is to be used. In making up the
solution for the teat cups use one pint
of this stock solution to every ten
gallons of water. As the sterilizing
action gradually decreases, add an-
other half-pint of the stock solution
every three or four days as long as
this solution is kept in use. The old
solution should be emptied out and
a new solution made as often as is
necessary to keep it clean, A new
stock solution should be made at
leti'st every two weeks,
The keeping of, the outside metal
parts of the teat caps and pails
bright is not so important but im-
proves the appearance of the ma-
chines. For this purpose such pol-
ishing substances as Bon Anti, Dutch
ne.
with
is
aoh-
al-
is
oid
are
but
old
the
nes
iry
to
ch -
to
ne
ve
ice
the
is
ng
e.
t-
art
es
ns ns
he
y,
n
e
h,
d.
0
a
s
c
S
0
u-
e
e,
I have found much snore satisfac-
tory poultry profit from a high-class
private trade which I have succeeded
in developing that when I depended
on hucksters,, grocers, and shipping
to commission houses. Of course, it
is absolutely necessary to have the
quality of the highest whims selling
to selected customers, but the pro-
ducer of poor -quality produce is no
longer getting anywhere these days,
no matter what his line of business,
I find that the most profitable cus-
tomers will not hunt for the poultry-
man. They must be rustled for. But
there are well-to-do homes in every
good-sized town and city where a
sample of superfine eggs, backed up
with a "money back" guarantee, will.
give you a chance to furnish some
trial orders. It then only requires
fancy quality' eggs and poultry in-
variably delivered in the pint of con-
dition to make your customers per-
manent. There art also good pros-
pects for profitable ,also
among
summer and winter hotels that cater
to the trade of wealthy patrons, sani-
tariums, etc. All of these have fur-
nished me outlets for high-grade
poultry and eggs.
An attractive printed notice is
placed in the top of each of the paste-
board cartons in which my eggs are
delivered to my eustomers, worded
as follows:
Sunnybrook. Farm Egg's
These eggs are guaranteed to be
less than thirty-six hours old when
shipped. They are the product of
pure=bred, healthy hens which are
housed and fed according to strictly
hygienic principles. The eggs are
therefore warranted strictly. fresh
and sterile.
Money Back
if found in any way unsatisfactory.
Whenever more of our poultry pro -
"duets is wanted, telephone 5120.
Of late I have found that the light
metal shipping cases used by squab
breeds in which to ship their squabs
to market are equally satisfactory
for shipment of high-grade .broilers,
roasters, capons, anti eggs as well, to
my special customers by parcel post,
These metal Cases are made in two
parts, one telescoping into the other,
thus saving space.
Aluminum or an alloy of this
metal is the choice of material for
these containers, it being rtrstle'ss,
light, durable, and so easily kept
clean. There are combination cases
designed for shipping eggs, butter,
or dressed poultry. For eggs, cush-
ion fillers are used in these eases.
.
Hiatt Through the .ground
There is -stirring and groping,
Roots tingle, seeds thrill
In the dark hoping;
Up in the bare branches
The life -blood is yearning,
In the -cold forest nooks
The creatures are turning.
Is it time? Not yet;
The frost lies belating,
Oh come, come, Spring!
The world stands waitint
4---
These sr]CD. Colle,etiorts are made up
of the Ideal varieties and are excep-
Ilona] value for the money,.
S'rom a80. -up to $2.00
Sonic. for pries Slot and free hnokiet•
Stow to ?ake the (Darden Pay"
HARRY'S 54ED STORE
380 Dorchester St, Went
scontrosi, Gus,
RABBITS T
I`Ilre E
Better quality preferred.
WRITE FOR PRIC.11lS
STANFORD'S, Limited
128 Mansfield St. - Montreal
What Many Canadians Found Out.
He: "I've brought a lot of souve-
nirs home, dear. Would you like a
German helmet?"
She: "A German helmet would be
I
very nice, but I'd rattier have a
French hat."
DR. A. C. DANIELS
Oster-Cccus Liniment
Farrowing time is the most criti-
cal season for swine. A week or so
before a sow is due to farrow, she
should be removed from the other
sows to the quarters where she is to
farrow. The feed just before far-
rowing should be the same kind that
will be fed while the sow is suckling
her
Pigs. A
ratidn of fifty per cent.
corn, twenty-five per cent. -shorts,
fifteen per cent. bran and ten per
cent. linseed oil meal should give
good results. A few days before the
sow farrows the amount of feed
should -be reduced somewhat.
The quarters should be warm
enough so that, excessive bedding
will not be required. If too much
bedding is provided the pigs may
become hidden in it and smothered
or crushed. If the sow is gentle,
place each pig, as soon as it is far-
rowed, in a barrel or box containing
some warm bricks covered with old
sacks. The pigs may be left here
until they are dry and lively enough
to be returned to the sow,
The sow should not be fed much
for twenty-four hours after farrow-
ing. The pigs are not able to take
much milk, and the milk flow should
not he stimulated for the first few
days. •.The sow will be more or 'less
feverish and should have all the wat-
er she will drink, but will not need
feed for a day or so. The first feed
should be the same kind that she Xe-
ceived before she farrowed. About
two weeks should be taken to get her
ott full feed.
et o a t depend-
able all-round
stable liniment
for sprains,
strains, stiff or
sore Joints: sore
throat, sora
cords, set's
muscles, aching
bones, shoe
bells, wind
pu rf, splints,
ant{
all other blem-
ishes and ail-
ments of Mall -
1 a r character.
Blots out pain:
This Is an external remedy and a
real wonder -worker. Allmost ef-
fective
reottvo liniment for human beings.
85c., 60c. and $1.25 sizes
Write for Free Book on treatment
of all animal aliments.
Dr. A. C. Daniela Co., Limited
Dept, W.L. Knowlton, P.D.
MUSKRAT TIME
IS HERE
We are MUSKRAT Specialists.
The largest handlers of this
article in Canada. Consequently
we pay more.
Write for our special price list
and tags.
Homier Williamson
& Company
"The House of the Strewn Tag"
378 St. Paul St. W., Montreal.
Western Branch:,
253 Princess St. - Winnipeg
Our l919 atzakl ue is a�ours
fi'l t asking. Write tudz it is Free
Bulbs ." Plants
EDS
MEAN
SUCCESS
Flag in @our seeds means 11 JtN arm,
your seedsmai.A. Our .`• = years or
r^rs o
u broken success speails def ;heir
nitirn ... JA5oi PAER5m ffall'D,TO NT
•
g ey *A:24 r* i• I. .ca4i
'6 .o041 Ss � ,.fillTI' • ea pp 14.F ihs
"Making two blades grow whore only one grew before.
Prices Firm for this ;, ase
Delay in ordering standard fertilizer in the hope of lower prices
only means risk of disappointment in deliveries, Prices are set by
east of this season's raw materials, ordered months ago, and labor
wages, which are Axed by the cost of living. You cannot afford to let
your land run down.
"Shur -Gal l' "
FertilPzers
Are wen named—they mean a sure gain to your land's fertility --they
mean strong, heady growths and easily sold, high priced crops. Its
because our expert eltemlets, compound them on the latest knowledge
of what Canadian farmers really need—no frills, no experiments --that
they get results. Write toay for discounts, prices and Booklet.
QUNN8 LIMITED WEST TORONTO, ONTARIO
11 FINDING GOOD '
NAMES FOR FARMS
.Leery farm, big or little, should
have a name, just as every house its'
the 'city hes' a slumber. The' better•'
the name fits the , place, the more'
value it Will add to it.
Some : names are so "highfalutin"
that the owners are ashamed to ute
them for fear people will poke fun at
them. Instead of making :a good im,
pression, as a well -fitting name will,
they make a poor one. So, if your
farm is not already named, get . to
work and find a good one for it.- No
place is too small But make it
modest, make it easy to pronounce,
make it fit, make it a name to be
proud of, one that will add value te.
in case • you ever want to sell, a name
that will make yopr wife, your sail=
siren- and your friends take pride in
the farm.
Particularly don't select a name
that may damage the farm, such as
Stony Acres, Briar Ranch, Skytop,
Sourlands, Lowlands Roekyfields,
Lonesome, Dryrun, Grandview, etc.
Such `names convey the impression
that the farm is badly located or that
the land is poor. If you can name
he farm for some 'historic incident
connected with it, do it with a name
like Indian Garden, Warrior Run,
Salt Lick, Deer Lick, Indian Post,
Wigwam, Tomahawk, Arrowhead,
Hunter's Notch, or the name of the
Indian tribe or some noted chief who
may have lived near -by. • `
Families from across the water
may name their farms after the place
they came from and thus preserve
the memories of their old homes.
But these names must be easy to
spell and pronounce in English. Many
of the townships and counties in the
older sections were named iii this
way. Argyle Farm, Emerald Farm,
Breton Farm, Snowdon Farm, Sur-
rey Farm, Stavanger' Farm, demon -
nix Farm, are examples of such
names, and they are good names,
too.
Another class of names -is made by
combining parts of your own . name
with that of your wife or children.
Itlarkatan Farm is made up of parts
of Mary, Kate and Ann. Charles and
Mary have been used to make Cra
mary Farm. Harry and Lillie part-
ly combined are Herlie Farm. Joseph
and Ellen would 'show Joellen Farm,
and so on, Such names have the ad-
vantage of not being easily imitated.
Last names could be used in the same
way, only be sure that the name is
not too unusual or hard to spell or
pronounce. If so, give up this idea,
and select some name that describes
the farm itself.
The following are good, strong,
sensible names which describe the
location or natural surroundings.
From them you probably can find one
that fits and, if not, they will sug-
gest how to find a name along the
same Iines:
Acrefair, Applegate, Ashland, At
glen, Beechgrove, Beechland; Bright -
wood, Eroadatn'e, Broadview, Brook-
side, Brookwood, Buck Hill, Burroak,
Cedar Crest, Cedar Lane, Cherry
Lane, Clear View, Cloverdell, Clover
land, Clovernook, Clover Patch, Cool
Creek, Cottonwood, Creekside, Crest-
wood, Crossway, Crystal Spring,
Daleland, Deepdale, Deer Foot, Doe.
run, Doveland, Eastover, Echo Ferns,
Edgewood, Elmwood, Evergreen,
Fairaere, Fair Dale, Fairholme, Fair
Oak, Fatland, Fern Hill, Fernwood,
Fruitvalo, Glendale, Glengarry,
Glenwood, Grassland, Greendale,
Greenwood, Happycreek, Hawthorn,
Hazelhurst, Hickory, Hida`vay, High -
ash, Highland, Hillcrest, Hillside,
Hopely, Inglewood, Intervale, Iron
Springs, Juniper, Lakeside, Linden -
grove, 'menet Lane, Lone Oak, Lone
Pine, Maplebrook, ,Maywood, Mea-
dowbrook, Meadows, Meadowside,
Mountain Meadow, Northview, 'Oak-
dale, Oak Lane, Oak Ridge, Okeby,
Pine Bluff, Pinehurst, Pine Ridge,
Pleasant Hill, Pleasant Valley,, Pop-
lar Grove, Rabbit Run, Red Gable,
Red Oak, Red Roof, Riverside, Road-
side, Rosedale, ^Roselands, Sevenoaks,
Sleepy Hollow, 'Springdale, Spring-
Iands, Summit Hill, Sunnybrook,
Sunnyslope, Sunset, Sycamore, Table
Rocic, Tall Cedar, Three Hills, Twin
Oak, Uplands, Valley Home, Valley
View, Walnut Grove, Wayside, Wend-
over, Westhill, Westover, Whitegate.
Here is a list of endings for farm
names with their meanings, Those
may be added on to family names
such as Smithdale Farms, Harris -
holm Farm, Wilson'cvold Farm, Ole-
soncr'oft Farm, Peterslea Farm,
Thomasthwaite Farm, etc. In gett-
ing up such a name try, as 'in all
other eases, to get a name that fits
the farm.
Croft, a small field, or high and
dry land, or a very small farm.
Green, a narrow valley; a hollow
between hills.
Dale, a space or 'level or gently
rolling ground between hills of no
great height with -a stream flowing
through it. Dell has the sante mean-
ing.
BBrie, a stretch of sloping ground.
Helm, a river meadow, a low, fiat
tract of land by the side of a river,
sometimes spelled "holme."
Thwaite, a field of ground reclaim-
ed to tillage.
Hurst, a grove or thicket.
Wold, high rolling ground, bare of
woods.
Vale, a tract of low ground be-
tween hills.
Lea,. 'a grassy field or plain; any
open untilled or level tract of land. •