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HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe Seaforth News, 1919-03-20, Page 3BY agronomist. This Department ie for the use of our farm readers who want the advice . ar an expert on any question regarding soil, seed, crops, etc. If your qucetlon is of sufficient, general Interest, It will be answered through'this column. If - .stamped and addresve•d envelope Is enclosed with your letter, a complete .-answer will be mailed to you, Address Agronomist, care of Wilson Publishing Cc,,Ltd., 75 Adelaide St, W., Toronto.. Research Work on Paultry Diseases For ii nLmber of years investiga- tions have been conducted in Canada 'to determine the nature and preval- ence of diseases of poultry. The need for further research is •omphasizeii by the fact that the ex- igencies of war -time have given a .stimulus to the poultry industry, and it is natural to assume that this ad- •ditional interest has led to an in- erealse, rather than a decrease, of poultry disorders. Whim the work Was first started 'by this department, very little was 'known about the diseases of fowls in this country. In order to cover the ground thoroughly,' poultrymen were 'requested by press notices, corres 'pondence and personal appeals to co- operate as fully as possible by send- ing in sick and dead birds for study oral diagnosis. In pursuance of this 'policy, the department guaranteed .express charges, and in the last five or six years, the examination of specimens has become a task of con- siderable magnitude. It• therefore seems timely, when economy is the watchword, to make a 'few suggestions as to what work we desire to undertake, and point out the various causes which result in individual deaths in flocks, and which jean be easily recognized by the poultryman at home. In this con- nection, it may be pointed out that live and dead fowls are frequently forwarded to us via express from re- mote districts in British Columbia, Alberta and Saskatchewan, and the expense of transporting these birds is wholly unjustifiable where the losses are limited to one or two B fowls. From a study of,otsr records, indi- vidual losses may be attributed to the following conditions, none of which can be transmitted to other members of the flock: Affections of the lfeart:—These are usually manifested by a quantity of fluid within the covering mem- brane, and in some instances by an accumulation of yolk -like material, the result of inflammation, Rupture of the Liver:—This oc- curs in fowls which are excessively fat, and is recognized by sudden death, and the filling of the bowel cavity with blood. Apoplexy, or a rupture of a blood vessel in the brain:—This disease can be determined only by the ab- sence of other lesions, and the sad - demises of death. Peritonitis, or inflammation of the bowels and covering membranes:— Peritonitis is caused by the partial development of egg's in the bowel cavity; closure of the egg -duet by large eggs;. or accumulated yolk material, etc. Frequently the dis- eased ovary is responsible for this latter condition, The above diseases are those usual- ly responsible for individual deaths; and may easily be detected by exam- ining the birds. The infectious diseases which spread • rapidly through flocks con- cern us chiefly. Such diseases as fowl cholera, tuberculosis, blackhead in turkeys, roup and coccidiosis may be classified 'as infectious, and it is essential that they be recognized early, so that their spread may be checked. Worms are also very troublesome, and we have already published direc- tions for getting rid of these para- sites. These bulletins may be ob- tained upon application to the Publi- cations Branch of the Department. If poultry owners desire to have parasites identified, the parasites— preserved in alcohol 'and securely packed—may be sent by snail to the Laboratory. With reference to tuberculosis and blackhead, eur bulletins fully des- cribe these two diseases, and any poultryman should be able to diag- dose them after reading our litera- ture and seeing„ the illustrations. To prevent misunderstanding of the aims of the department, we wish to restate that we are desirous of investigating affections which are responsible for.lar`ge losses. In eases of suspected poisoning, a public analyst t �skout d be consulted, e d r as we do net undertake a orlt ofthis nature. Y w. t Successful Since As previously stated, where only one or two deaths occur, the express charges usually total more than the market value of the birds, We trust, therefore, that poultry- men will assist us in our economic, policy and send fowls only when sev- eral deaths have occurred simul- taneously and the cause cannot be determined at home.—A. B. Wick- ware, Assistant Pebh•ologist, Biologi- cal Laboratory, Ottawa. What . Strawberries Shall We Plant and Why.? - Strawberries are grown either for home consumption or for market. While those grown for market should be as goad es those grown for home use, the fact is that in some eases these produced for. market are grown more because of their productiveness - and shipping quality than because 'of their flavor and general .palatibility. The most popular variety, taking the whole of Canada, is undoubtedly the Senator Dunlap. This is a very hardy variety, and the fruit is hand- some in appearance, good in -quality, and is an excellent variety for cann- ing. It is desirable both for .home use and market. Like all varieties, it has some faults, the chief one be- ing that on account of its making such a large number of plants the fruit begins to get small too early in the season in parts of Canada where dry, hot weather often occurs during the fruiting season; hence, where there are such conditions some other sort is desirable, and in the Parsons Beauty and Glen Mary there are two commercial varieties which are suc- ceeding very well in many places in Canada, especially in Eastern Can- ada. These are both large varieties and keep their size well to the end of the season. The Parsons Beauty is better in quality than Geln Mary and the latter is not very desirable for home use, but should be tried to determine 'which succeeds best in the particular locality and soil where they are grown. The Williams is a firm berry, which is a very popular commercial sort in Western Ontario, but is not very popular in most other parts of Canada. It has a white tip which increases its shipping qualities but lessens its value when it is. .to be eaten raw. Splendid is a rather early variety which has made a. good. record in Eastern Canada, and Bader Wood is also another reliable early sort. The Marshall is one of the best in quality but must be grown under high cultivation in Eastern Canada to get fair crops and is not now much grown on account of. its light cropping, but on the lower, mainland of British Columbia it does well and is one of the best commer- cial varieties there. The Magoon is also a commercial variety which is also grown mainly in British Col- umbia. The foregoing are the leading commercial varieties in Canada al- though to these .night be added Sample, Pocomoke, and Warfield as succeeding very well in some places. For the preemies, a snaiiiety .called Dakota, rather small in fruit but very hardy, has .proved one of the most reliable, though Senator Dun- lap also does well if well eared for. The best varieties for home use in Eastern Canada are Senator Dun- ap, Bubach, Parsons Beauty, and Wm. Belt, the latter and the Bubach being large varieties of good quality. In British Columbia the Royal Sov- ereign, Paxton, and Marshall are three of the best for home use. The two former are English varieties not satisfactory except in the mildest sections of the Dominion. The everbearing strawberries ala par- ticularly clesirable fox home use, and two of the best of these are Pro- gressive and Americus, Ap idea; like any other thing, if worth having, is likely to be expen- sive. Father—"You sat up very late with George again, Doris." Doris— "Yes, father; I was showing him some of my piotute postcards." Fa- ther—"Well, Doris, :whenever he wants to sit up again show' hint some m of my gas bills." L ' ailr BSB C alktkegal see as how's 'fol' tfi'e asking. Mitre tQdls..itis n'ee 1. Boils '.'45. S 5LOCCESS Flag in par seeds means rase ao ... 9oao seedsaoeabad. ur 64 Years or Plants unbroken. success speaks �'berliD-.uo. J.A.SINMnRSelii$0rap.TOR TO. e. Y r, Necesaity.proved the °'�,.t•"� vales of the bask -yard r- t +e garden. ,Since the com- r - - menoetnena of the war thousands of Canadians have, learned by experience that even a small garden will pay -and pay well, Maks your garden the big provider this year, VESETAZOLES Bean Parsnip Improved Golden Wax Ilollow Crown Lettuce Radish NouparellCabbageHead French Breakfast Beet Garden Peale Detroit Dark Red Improved Stratagem FLOVdEliIS Aster Sweet Mignonette Select Comet, Misted Grandiflora Colors Morning Glory Sweet William Climbing Finest Mixed g Sweet Alyssum Nasturtiuns For Borders Climbing Mixed Make your seleotion from the Rennie Catalogue and have the nearest dealer fill your order. If he cannot suppy all your requiremeate, write us direct, A copy of our tool catalogue will give you full par- tieulare on garden tools. Write for one to -day. THE y COMPAi�f'i' WILLIAM 349 PORTAGE AVE. WINNIPEG. MAN. ALSO AT TORONTO MONTREAL VANCOUVER i ZOOR CANADA'S BROAD ACRES Put up a fence that will last a lifetime.—a Cones that can't sag or break down—that v/11155515 wild horse—that hogs can't pose threash-'that can't rust—a fopoothat stands rough cragqs by animate or weather and le guaran- teed. PEL•aaicBB F.ERFEOTION Fencing Is made of Heavy Open Hearth Steel Wire witivell the lmperitlee burned out and all the strength and toughness lett in. Heavily galvanized. Every intersection is looked together 'vitt the Peerless Look. ga utuosi..a k55 •.me,m,. mrnuane HE aANPoELL HOXIf wiRE FEpNCE CO Ltd. span elf itbdt,,ITZ7'turuellnar e11n orth tg*5tfig aeof,.aXIE il..5E mt.dl,.. 1.51550. Manitoba Welk... °marls RECONSTRUCTION IN THE BACK YARD There's Plenty of Work for the Whole Family—Bring Out Spade and Hoe and Get Busy. The day of the war garden is over and the era of the peace garden has dawned, In the spring of 1918 people plunged with such energy into the untilled soil aroused their houses that the whole country seemed to blossom overnight into serried rows of vege- tables. They were answering an emergency call. The enthusiasm of patriotic motives lay behind their in- dustry and they achieved their 'ob- ject. By united effort something like $60,000,000 worth of vegetables was added to the country's food supply. But much of the energy put into the war gardens was misdirected and futile. It was the first venture on the part of many, and mistakes were made, effort was wasted, results were in some instances discouraging. Now, however, the fever that mark- ed .le rear gardener aidenex hu g s died out and the need for peace gardens as a per- manent part of the work of recon- struction becomes apparent, The peace gardens of 1919 and suc- ceeding year's will be tackled more systematically than the war gardens of 1918„The foundation was laid last year for work that, as the yeia's roll on, will expand and be en ever- increasing source of revenue, health and pleasure to everyone. The great teacher, experience, has. given the war gardener his first les- son. But further guidance is needed before embarking on the peace gar- den venture. First Steps for the. Gardener. 1. Find out all about the garden— (a) its size; (•b) the type -of soil; (a) whether it will seised manna's; (d) whether there -are facilities for watering it in dry weather; (e) what tools are likely to be required. 2. Decide: what vegetables are most suitable and what quantities will be necessary. Plan garden on paper. 3. (a) Find out what varieties of vegetables are most highly recom mended; (b) how much seed of each kind will be required; (c) the dates on which the seeds should be -sown. In order to obtain the information suggested ,in the first three steps i is necessary to secure some garden ing 'bulletins and 'seedmen's cats log'ues. A list of free ,publications on gardening is Appended.' The Soil. 1. The fundamental question of soil is referred to in the first step and to become a skilled gardener it is necessary to buy Some simple books on this subject. However, el that it is really necessary to know in i this connection n ion is that soils three general types light soils which, in the main, consist of sand good loam soils, which are ideal for gardening purposes; and heavy soils ,which consist mostly of Clays. If the garden soil is of the loamy type, e very little barnyard manure will en- able it to produce good crops and make' it retentive of moisture. Should the garden contain a light soil, show - ever, it will require a much larger quantity of manure in order to en- able it to produce crops, and if it has a tendency to he heavy, the clay can be lightened by the addition of barn- yard manure. Lime is also splendid dot heavy soils. A bulletin on man- ures and fertilizers given in the list of free publications contains all the necessary ietfoelnation on this sub- ject. Tool requirements ate of the alms plest. A. goad spade, a• digging fork, a hoe and a rake generally suffice for gardening on a small scare. In GOOD HEALTH QUES,ITION BOX By Andrew Ii', Currlcr, M.l, Or. Currier will answer all signed letters pertaining' to Health. If your question Is of general Interest it will be answered through these columns; INTERNATIONAL iLESS If not, It will be answered personally If stamped, addressed envelope Is en- closed, Dr, Currier Will not prescribe for individual -cosec or make diagnosis. Address Dr, Andrew 'I', Currier, care of Wilson Puhilah;np Co., 73 Adelaide St. West, Toronto. The Wrong Idea, Some parents carry the idea that it is a good plan to let their children The moral, then, it protect your become exposed to contagious die- I children frpen contagious disease: eases so they will have them all and I wish to emphasize that parents get over them. This idea is entirely should co-operate in every po'.sible wrong, Most of the children's dis-� way with school doctors, dentists, oases are very serious propoai:tions nurses and teachers in their efforts and the younger the child ie when to detect the presence, of contagious it encounters them, the more serious and infectious diseases' in their 6117 they are. dreg MA1LCII 23. a little extra trouble on the part of Lesson XII. Israel Warned Against From infancy until fifteen or six- teen years of age the child under- goes a period of development during which the tissues of the body are easily damaged by infection. This applies to teeth infections as well as to other infections like contagious diseases. The damage is often, in feet, gen- erally permanent but does not mani- fest itself until considerably later in Life. ' Such damage is often recog- nized by the observing dentist, who can frequently tell the age at which the person suffered some illness. After the age of puberty the system is more resistant to disease and indi- viduals occasionally escape some of the children's diseases altogether. In my opinion, itis the duty of all parents to protect their children as long and as well as possible from contagious diseases. Bear in mind that measles and .whooping . cough are not trifling ailments but quite formidable because they ere accom- panied by more serious complications than are many other diseases. For- tunate indeed is the child who escapes measles altogether. When there is more than one child in a family the one first complaining should be iso- lated until entirely well. This pre- caution can always be arranged with Questions and Answers. Miss E. R.—I have a friend who has had alopecia for seven years. She has no 'hair left except short hair that comes in and stays perhaps is month, then falls out and in a 'short time is renewed. Do you think her case can be cured? Answer—Yes, that kind of alopecia can be cured. If there is any dan- druff, cure that first with sulphur ointment which you can buy at say drug store, Rub a little into the scalp every night. Shampoo witlr Ivory soap every .ten days. If there is not dandruff, write me again. N. M.—My upper lip constantly puffs and swells so that it interferes with my speech. Which of these causes do you think it comes from: Three years ago I was operated upon for cancer„on the lip and in order to prevent recurrence,'they cut not only the cancer out, but the glands on the side of my neck; -I have also had pyorrhoea and other trouble with my teeth—now can }lou tell me what causes the lip to swell? Answer—The operation has inter- fered with the circulation of the parts. The teeth here nothing to do with it. TO X-ray treatments for it. addition, it is advisable to have some kind of simple sprayer, particularly if the garden includes 'potatoes. 2. The second step relates to the crops which are to be grown. Some gardeners make the mistake of grow- ing too much of one kind of vege- table because it happens to be par- ticularly easy to raise. For instance, carrots and beets yield well, and a few rows, will supply a household's needs for the winter. Corn is a de l'icious summer vegetable, but is not very profitable for the small garden. Peas, also, although popular, occupy too much space far the yield they give. ' Therefore, if one has to cut down on vegetables for lack of space, it is well to remember that there are certain varieties which take up too much room for the I;eturns they give. 3, The third step relates to the best varieties of vegetables. A great deal of experimental work has been undertaken to find out what varieties are best suited to the home garden, and much information on 'this subject is available in pamphlet form. It is well to remember that there is a vast difference 'in varieties. Take pota- toes, for instance. Some varieties yield twice as much as others, and the householder who fails to plant the right kind may find his supply of potatoes exhausted before the winter is -half over. A .good thing to remember in the case of the potato is that the source of the seed is an important factor in the yield. Local :seed should never be planted if seed from a more northerly location is obtainable. Prodigal sowing of seed means a great wastage annually, and the be- ginner is usually the transgressor in title respect. There is no advantage in sowing seed too thickly if it is bought from a reliable seedmsn. Fdr instance, carrots and parsnips, if sown profusely, have to be thinned out several times. This only entails additional work. In the case of beets and onions, however, thick sowing is not so much of a disadvantage, as the beets can be thinned out and used as beet greens, while the onions can be treat- ed similarly and used as small on- ions. The most important point is to sow the seed at the night date, Too much emphasis cannot be placed on this, and the gardener is referred to the bulletins on this subject for fuller details about sowing. practical Preparations. The practical work, covering a per- iod of from six to eight months, in- cludes: (1) soil preparation; (2) sowingthe seedor natio out the putting plants;` (3) subsequent care and cul- ture; (4) harvesting the crops. Soil Preparation: The - more thor- oughly the soil is worked and the deeper the eeed bed, the better the crops. This is because the roots of the plants have a greater feeding area and the soil being more like a sponge, is better able to hold mois-. tare. Stable manure is valuable as a fertilizer, partly because it con- tains plant food and partly because RABBIT ROILES better quality preferred. WRITE FOR PRICES STANFORD'S, Limited 128 Mansfield St. , . Montreal it helps to make the soil more spongy. Sowing the Seed: The seed should be sown either immediately before or after rain. The damp soil ensures quicker germination and this gener- ally results in more vigorous plant growth. After sowing the seed the soil should be firmly pressed, to en- sure its close contact with the seed. If the weather is likely to be dry just after sowing, it ,is wise to cover 'the row with a little loose soil to form a mulch. The purpose of the mulch is to prevent the drying out of the soil. Substequent Care and Culture: This consists of keeping the young plants free front weeds and the soil loose be- tween the rows, It also entails thinning out the young plants and keeping them free from insects and diseases. Frequent cultivad,'orr, is very necessary, especially when the plants are young. After every rain it is important to loosen the soil 'and break any surface crust which may have been formed. Harvesting the Crop: Some of thee root craps have a .fine flavor when harvested before they are fully ma- ture. This is especially true of beets. As a rule, however, it is wise to let most of the root crops mature. If they are left in the ground too long, the fibre is apt to become hard and stringy. Exceptions to this rude are parsnips and salsify. These crops may be left in the ground until the following spring, if desired. All roots should be harvested on a dry day and left on the ground for a few hours before they are taken into the cellar. This will prevent taking in too much of the soil which is sure to adhere. to them if they are pulled during a wet peeled. Their keeping qualities are also likely to be enhanced When harvested under proper conditions. It is when we forget ourselves that we do things that are remembered. We on the torn fields of battle could only harden our purpose to keep on fighting until Christianity and civilization were vindicated and re-established. And now we have reached our goal. The foe is van- quished. The powers of darkness are defeated.—General Currie. SEED CORN ..5m Address: Ina a. tixAIIam - Windsor, Ont. Essex county POTATOES S 50 New Varieties can positively be (mown from one, Paehst of llYbrl- dlzed Potato Seeds Every hill will be different. A11 colors, shapes and sizes, May he WOrth a gold mine. Don't miss these rarest and most wonderful of Seeds Packet,with Direotions, lie„ 4 for 50e., 0 for $1.00, with our booklet, "Making this Garden Pay," Rana Y'S SEED 'STORE Dept, a sea Dorohenter St. W. saoWTzesm®n, Rua, SPRING MUSKRATS We pay the best price for Spring Muskrats Send any Furs you have. You are assured of satisfaction in price and treatment. ABBEY FUR COMPANY aio St Paul St. W., Montreal, Que. In business for 30 :years Reference: Bank of Hochelaga, ' St, Henry, Compromise—Josh, 23: 1 to 24: 28. Golden Text, I Cor. 15: 33. 23: 1-13. The "elders" were chiefs or leading men of tribes said clans who hail authority both in civil mate tees and in war. The "heads" were the representative chiefs of family groups or small kindred clans. The Judges" , were either the heads of clans and tribes, or were men spec- ially chosen for that office, as in Vxod. 18,• 21-22, The "officers" were police marshals, who preserved order, had charge of processions and made proclani'ations. "He that heath fought for you," It is a common thing, in time of war, for each of the opposing forces to. claim that God is with them. It as better, surely, instead of such a claim, which might seem boastful, to seek most earnestly and humbly to do right and so set ourselves on God's side, for we may be sure, what- ever our boast or claim, that God is for and will defend the right. The causes ofthe war which Israel wag- ed for the possession of Canaan are largely unknown to us. It is pro- bably not true to say that it was an' entirely cruel and unwarranted in- vasion of territory to which Israel had no moral claim or right. :_Cer- tainly Moses and; Joshua regarded it as the land of their fathers ;''piomiselir them by Jehovah, their God. That - they were sincere and honest in that belief there is no doubt,_ If there was an entire disregard of the rights of the small nations which they drove out or dispossessed, then we must ad mit that a serious wrong was done. We could not acquit of the charge of barbarianism and cruelty those who committed to fire and sword a whole. city with its people, as for example, Jericho (6: 21), and Ai (8: 25-26), and the fact that they thought it to be pleasing to God does not justify the act in our eyes. At the same time we must remember the customs and standards of conduct of that age, so long before Christ, and their ways of thinking, which were in so many respects different from outs. Our judgment must be reasonable and balanced. Above all, we must recog- nize the sincerity, the faith, and the really high ideals which were the in- spiration of the leaders of Israel in this age. It is by such faith and such ideals that progress is made passible. "That ye turn not aside." A high standard of righteousness was set before them in their book of law. From that they must not turn aside. They will meet temptation in their association with the Canaanites, and especially in their acquaintance with the seductive and sensuous rites of Canaanite idolatry, but they must re- main true to their own God. "Cleave unto the Lord your God" is Joshua's earnest and insistent command, "One man of you." Joshua knows the strength of purity and fidelity. Samson lost his strength through drunkenness, David through lust, Solomon through luxury. Joshua be- lieved that a man of Israel, true to his God, will be strongr than a thou- sand, and he was right. "Snares and traps." That is ex- actly what the intimate association and intermarriage of Israelites with Canaanites proved to be, The people of Israel were ensnared in the vices and idolatries of the Canaanites. How often this brought trouble and disaster upon them may be seen in the book of Judges. See for example, Jud, 2: 3, 11-15; 3: 7-8; 10: 6-8. 14-16. "Not one thing bath fail- ed." Such was the splendid testi- mony of the old warrior about to lay' down his arms and commit his soul to God. Not one thing hath failed of all the good words of God. But just as sure as the good which is the reward of truth and faithfulness, so. sure is the evil that is the penalty of falsehood and a broken covenant. 24: 1-28. In his second speech, Joshua reminds the people that their ancestors "served other gods," •and that Jehovah had taken Abraham and given him this land and set him upon a new way of faith. He recalls their bondage i n Egypt and their great deliverance. He reviews inci- dents of their wars and victories. In all he shows the band of God, His loving care and His bounteous good- ness. Knowing how deep-rooted are the tendencies to polytheism, he urges again fidelity to Jehovah, and challenges them to make once for all their choice between Jehovah and "the gods of the Amorites," He de - clams his own choice for himself' ant his house, , and the people respond heartily with theirs. But Joshua says,"Ye cannot serve Jehovah; for He is a holy God; He ,is a jeahoesg God." He means that they cannot divide their allegiance and their ser- vice between Him and another. They answer, "Nay, but we will serve Je- hovels.i Nanaimo, B. C., creamery made 87,483 pounds of butter lase year. No trait of clia- atter ,is rarer, none mare admirable, than a thoughtful independence of the opinions • of others combined with a sensitive re- gard for the feelings of others, The British ipsti't itien i brthe Vic- toria Cross decoration' dates front the year 1856, when the Crimean War was in progress. The first be- stowal of the award took place in Hyde Park, London, in 1857,