The Seaforth News, 1933-03-09, Page 3THURSDAY, MARCH 9, 1933.
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IntheO
Ontario
THE SEAFORTH NEWS.
PAGE TI-IREE
A slashing'attack •was delivered 'by
Prem'ie'r 'Henry, in the .Ontario 'Legis-
lature during The d'e'bate onthe 'Speech
from the 'Throne, upon JH, IC, {N.hcon,
Progressive lea'd'er, when the Premier
changed the Progressive' with attem'p't-
ing to take from ihitm bits honour and
in'tegr'ity. 'Peel:Mer Henry was defend-
ing his directorship with the 'Toronto
;Mortgage 'Company, in :c'hangin'g that
'Mt. Nixon was not 'a man wlto had
the right to feed the [impression upon
the province that the /Premier was mn-
trtue-to.his 'tt ist, but es "the sole sur-
viving [member df an administration
t(the Drury ,regime) that h'ad •clone
,more damage to the ,good name of
Ontario than any'thin'g else in his-
tory."
!Premier Henry challenged M. Ni-
xon's statements on 'the issue as a de-
liberate policy of •innuendo.
"`I wonder," asked. the Premier of
Mr. )Nixon, "if my honorable 'friend
alias ever heard of cabinet resp'onsibil-
i'ty •and if so if the appreciates what it
means? I remember one of . this 'c'al-
leagues got into trouble and 'Premier
,Drury tried to get away from at but
was forced to admit that he, as head
of the ',Government of [the ,day, :was
'responsible ffor the acts of his col-
leagues and his administration—forc-
ed. to admit, too, 'that all this collea-
gues were ibesmirc'hed.
Premier Henry in closing 'the incid-
ent 'quoted from the bard 'oil Avon's
lines: °`W'ho st'ea'ls !my 'pierse steal's
tr+ash—'tis something, nothing 'butt the
that 'pilfers from me my good 'name,
Tabs tne'af that ,,which fiat enriches
him ,but leaves me poor •indeed."
lin further defending this actions,
Premier [Henry declared there had
never been any secret as to his posi-
tion with this company, it having
been published in. [biographical books,
while he also 'declared that he . had
more money invested in his own ,fanm
than in anything else he ' owns. ' The
'Premier commended the people of the
province for the co-operation' they
have shown in :connection 'with unem-
ployment relief, while he also paid
'compliment [to W. E. a a4. jS'inclair, !ICC.
iOppositiou-'Liberal 'Leafier,, and 'Hon,
;James (Lyons, .who''had ;accepted of-
fices as mayor df 'Oshawa and ISauit
Ste. '1'Iarie respectively assuming
great responsibilities during present
conditions. For a three .month period
in 19312-33 the province and the 'Dom-
inion each contributed i$2,750,000 and
the municipalities '$2,0,00,000 a 'total of
$7;500,000• and a total for the periods
starting 1920=31 to Feb. 1 this year
for both direct and (indirect relief of
$61490,000,
"Direct relief is costing us less but
is not as satisfactory as giving work,"
declared ''Premier Henry. 'The vast
'majority'.'af 'those on relief would: [far
sooner take Flow wages and have the
consciousness and .pride of earning
.money' for themselves and;. their Ifatnil-
bes. lB'u't that could not he dor,'e and so
we ifa'1'1 back o:n.a'system of direcit re-
'Discus.sitig the proposed' redistribu-
tion bill, Premier 'Henry said the de-
.vision;had been to reduce the iLegisla-
ture from 1'1'2 seats to at least 90 or
less, [While ''the problem'tholds ,many
difficulties that will be worked out by
the special committee which will deal
with the problem.
lDealing,with the Hydro report, the
Premier pointed out that the senior
member of the judiciary, Mr. J,u.sltice
'Riddell, had never seen 'connected
with 'the (Con'servative party, but had
been the choice; for 't'h'e inquiry com-
mission :'by a Liberal newspaper. He
also 'made the ; statement that sthe
statement regarding. Hydro 'reserve
being 1$612;500,000 an mentioned in [the
given to write off long standing debits but 'w'ho remain in Bioltlhevo in 'pref-
agai ssit'properties in the north upon crenae to going to work 'elsewhere;
whiclj the back—to—the-land co(ii'mittee
(b) of the wives(nuin'hering 500) and
located 'settlers 'last year:
children .(numbering 300), of 'men in
Argue Martin. (Caths, 'West ---'omit-1 (a), 'who we're 'married either before
ton) introduced a measure 'to prevent
discrimination against any race, class
or religious sect iin'publis!hing such 'id-
'fornia'tion or 'displaying; it, while 'Hon.
Cha'rl'es !McCrea, Minister of Mines,
'introduced an :amendment to 'thee ;Min-
ing Act in respect ta the ettaking. ef,
'claims, partnership 'and' fees.
IA 'measure that is likely to ,come
before the House from• certain mtpniic-
ipalities'is a request. fol ,permis's'ion to
increase the !present tax on chain
stores. The present tax is J5% on a
'percentage of ;the iassessed vague,
while the request is to ,double"'this tax.
1n continuing the debate on 'the,
A. V.
.Throne 'Speech,, [Con's.,
,
North 'Cochrane, informed the Legls-
laItu're that unless sregul'ations 'cover-
ing .doctor's,fees for relief cases in the
north 'ane 'changed, 'a number Of ,the
people 'will die for lack of necessary
operations.Mr. Waters also 'asked that
relieff matters in the north be handed
over to the 'Department of 'Northern
Development for administration. IHe
also .asked an inquiry into [the coloniz-
ation scheme as it operates in the
north. .4j. [F, ,Strickland, •Cons.r4'.eter
boyo 'City, 'cri'ticized the lack of con-
ttrol over school boards' 'expenditures,
while the 'commended the :government's
move to 'extend -the 'Mortgagors. and
Purc'haser's legislation to give relief to
those who (find !th'ems'elves in ,d'ifficul-
ties. •
IGeo. Shields, Cons. ,Wo!adbine-Tor-
on'bo,i introduced the :measure passed
[by the City of Toronto Council which
seeks to :place a super -tax on incomes
on a grading percentage over $10,000.
IHbn. Geo. IH. 'Challies, tMnnieter of
Game arid: 'Fisheries, annbuneed be-
fore the 'committee on game and f'ish-
eries 'that •elk ,from .'Alberta . will be
located in an enclosure on the proper-
ty at ,Burwash ;Reformatory in tithe,
north. ,Dates upon whioh various hun-
ters and anglers are to Ibe 'heard, by
the .committee are t0 be :left to the
chairman, 'Geo. W. ;Ecclestone, Mus-
koka.
A Nouse committee was 'appoin!ted
to 'eonsider the best means Of prepar-
ing the 'voters' 'lists, under the c'hanr-
man'ship.of Premier Henry,I'and 'com-
prising •eight others themibers who twill
report 'back to the House .this session.
IN AN O:G.P.U. PRISON !CAMP
they last went to 'pi'is;an' or since their
admission to • Bal'shevo;-,(c) of a staff
of 'educati.o'nis,ts' and factory niadagers a trade union, and ,are eligible for el-
nuliuberfn,g onfy fibre, ii 'alit; and, (d) of ,ection to the iGo•mnrurns!t Party, They
may equally, and many do, remain in
the co'lo'ny indefinitely, and recover
citizenshipin the same way; those
who do his are free from the slight
restrictions set out above, although 25
per cent, of their pay will still be in
the special currency. 'Not a 'few flats
'are decorated with the'frem'ed diploma
of the restoration to citizenship of the
head of the [household,
Discipline is enfbrced by the Court
of the collective, sub'ject as before to
review by the co'llective itself, and the
only sanctions are cutting off : the
'weekly rest day, 'fi'n'e by deduction
from wages, or expulsion from 'the
colony. The latter is a very serious
punis'hm'ent,and is almost solely ap
pllied to the offence of stealing, which
is n'atu'rally regarded as the gravest
offence in the colony. Crimes of vio-
lence are almost u.nkndwn; drunken-
ness does occur in spite of precaution,
but is not frequent.
Every member of the colony is free
,to leave at any time; but if he 'Leaves
voluntarily it is almost impossi'ble for
him ever to return, and if his original,
sentence period is still :running he will
To recover citizenship, colonists
must normally remain three or 'four
years, and ''then (if they Choose to
leave) roust work satisfactorily out-
side ,for two years more, whereup,om
el'l effects of their convictions' disap-
pear, and they recover full citizen-
s.hip,,'have the right to join or re lo'in
the medical staff, of the hospiital.
IIn,accordance ;with the almost uni-
vessel practice in Soviet Russia, .prac-
tically the whole inana,gement of the
oolong is in. the hand's Wolf the in!habi-
tants, Who form a 'collective" (or
general meeting), 'w'hich isa,its turn
elects: every six months a 'soot of ex-
ecutive committee .:or. commission.
This committee decides all q'uesti'ons
of management, subject to the right
of the collective (not too often exer-
cised), to
xercise'd),'to reverse or vary the decision.
The 'Inspection Committee mentioned
above is appointed .b y the 'collective,
visits' bhe various prisons • and camps,.
and selects (as already indicated),
num!bers of youngislh prisoners with
bed .criminal records, who yet appear
to its experienced eyes to be capable
of reform. The mass of the collective
will oocasionally exercise its power to
over rule the 'selection.
'Once an, entrant is in lBolsh'evo, he
leads as ne'arl'y as possible the ordin-
ary life of a Russian: worker.
!He lives in a dormitory if unmar-
ried, in a flat if married; he works in
the factory or in fruit and vegetable
growing for the ,orrdinary wages df the
Russian worker; he 'belongs to the probably have to return to.prison for
"Co-op" and shops, there at cheap the remainder of the period, Anycol-
"Co-op"
like •other Russi'a'n workers. anis:t'desirin'g to leave with honor, so
Careful investigation ,elicited only the
as tto qualify for restoration to citizen
-
Careful
between'such ship, applies to the executive commis-
following
and co'mpletely fire men or sion, who put .the case bedore theicol-
women:'— lective with their recommendation,
(1') 'Having lost their citizenships and the collective decides w'h'iter
they cannot 'be 'members 'of a trade the applicant is sufficiently cured to
union or of that proud . aristocracy, leave whVlr h'onor.
'the Communist Panty, .until :they have With regard' to` health questions,
regained their 'citizenship.there is a polyclinic and a hospital, as
t(12) The men cannot merry either a is generally the case in any big fac
gill in the colony or 'a girl from out- story •community. ; ;Sickness percentages
side the colony, nor can they bring in 'respect of the entrant's early
their wives to the colony if already 'months are naturally much above
married, without the leave of the cal- normal; thereafter they are the same
lective, +which is given or withheld on as those of the outer world.
the collective's estimate as to whetb- Apart ,front some cultivation of
er the app'li'cant is likely to become or ,fruit and vegetables, The whole work
continue a good colonist, and an a of the .colony is devoted to 'four 'fac-
consideration of his economic poli tortes, all manufacturing sports goods,
tion; and is in any case not usually
given in the ,first 1I8 month's,
0)''Their pay for the first few
months (when money. may be a
strange and deadly tem'p'tation) is
paid subject to a spbs'tantial reduc-
tion.
..Bolslieva is a .colony or "labor
commune"' lying in pleasant pine
woods about 20 miles ,from Moscow.
at is not calleda prisonand,it should
certainly not be so called but it is
established for and largely inhabited
by 'thrice convicted oriminals who.
in England certainly would be in pri-
son under sentence of penal servitude.
The colony is the scene of a bold and
very successful experiment o+f 'giving,
to such criminals virtually, com'ple'te
freedom, in order to let !them work
out their own social restoration, send
recover their full rights of citizenship;
The 'colony itself is iudi'sltinguitha'ble
[from any other modern Russian com-
ntuniity;,th'at has built itself round a
factory. There is no wall, iro ditch,
,no fence, no boundary, no ` guard.
There are ,factory buildings 'like any
other, a factory canteen, a store +(man-
aged,•exclusively by recid'ivi'st [thieves)
a '.centrad radio receiving , station,
blocks of ordinary workmen s d!twell-
in:gs, giving 1M families a little mare
spate than is ,at present usual' In
crowded iMoscow, and dormitory buil-
Speech 'from itkte''Tlhrone are all there,
+declarinng that 'Hydro .s!tancls to the
.credit of the ''chairman 'and' his prede-
,.cessors that d'urin'g the past eight
'years nearly 'all of these ,reserves 'have
sheen. built .tip, an regard to education
costs, Premier (Henry intimated ' that
school boards will be •di.rected to 'cut
eo the bone, while the government is
'firm to reduce provincial graistsIfor
educations -6Y 29%.
Ilion, !Wm. 'Finlayson, Minister of
'Lands and IForesbs, introduced 'Legis-
lation '•under The ,Northern !Develop-
ment 'Act whereby authority will be
(4) 'Their pay is given in special
coinage, only current in the colony,
and they cannot !buy . playing cards,
or vodka or other intoxicants. The
colony is "dry", and the main pre -
angry social defects of the entrants
are 'drink,: drugs and gambling,
(5) They must be indao•rs by 11
pm.
dings for°unmerried men and for un-
married women such as surrotind
nearly every new extra -urban factory
in 'Russia. ''The buildings are con-
stantly, being extended those at the
moment under construction involving
an expenditure of 110,000,000 roubles,
which is met out of 't'he profits.;
The colony was originally., started
to deal with the once appalling .prob-
lem,'af Moscow's "'h.oineless children"
and is said', to have 'provided the 'four-,
dation for Pick's fine, talking picture,
"The Road to ;Life."
'It was founded in 1924 with small
beginnings and no previous experi-
ence. :I't now, revives only recidivist
thieves, generalIT between 56 and 24
Years of age, and e'lmodt all with at
least three convictions. Entrants
come from :prison's of various types.
They may apply for entrance to!B!o4'-
shevo, su'bje'ct to election by the In-
spection'Commission 'which will be
mentioned later, at they may' be-eleet-
ed'by ,that Commission' on its own in-
itiative when ir-visits various prisons.
the tim,c of admission, a large part :of
the 'last sentence of impris'on'ment is
in most cases still unexpired. - -
without She slvgh'test difficulty, the
marketing :troubles p'f the modern
capitalist state . being unknown in.
!Russia; and 'the sale prices are seffl
'cient to Tender the entire .colony mbre
'than self-supponting, its substantial
profits being devoted to extensions
and improvemen'ts' (under the direc-
tion, o'f.course, of the collective),
The 'wages vary, sometimes exceed-
ing 200 roubles per m'on'th; the col-
ourists pay 50 roubles per month, of
which 33 roubles goes to pay for their
food, and 1117 roubles for their rent and
various :expenses such as: club sub-
scriptions. They' take their meals'
mos'tly in ,the 'factory canteens, man-
aged • by •a 'colonist who has "stayed
on," hat many oaf 'else .married'.colon-
istts .prefer to ,do their 'cooking at
home. In the 'few .cases •where those
in. the early stages earn less than 50
roubles per month, the d'iffere'nce up
to 50 roubles is provided by [the col-
ony, and repaid when the earnings
rise. 1..
aIn addition to 'the free day (on
wh'i'ch They can go where they *like),
the co'lonis'ts are in general entitled
to a fortnight's vacation' every year,
as are substantially all 'Russian work -
The colonists, besides being taught
the 'branc'h df factory 'work in :which
they are engaged, receive both general
and technicai education according to
'their needs; their children, .of course,
go to school in the 'ordinary way,
There are the usual radio, . cinema,
sports, and 'club amenities of modern
Russian •factory life, including lec-
tures, amateur :d'ram'atics, an orches-
tra, lawn :tennis, .athletics, The col-
ony entered a team for [the "Sparta-
lciad" (an all-iRu'ssian sporting cham-
pionship meeting) being 'held in Mos-
cow at the time of .my visit. II saw a
very remarkable collection of paint-
ings and •drawings by the colonists;
the 'bulk, it is 'tru'e, were done by one
man, whose iteehnique was!mo'd'ern
and very interesting. IThe "wall -
newspaper" -which :figures in every
'Russian community was very well
done; all ,the usual strips of propa-
ganda which the !Russians\ love so
much were in evidence, including sev-
eral which eic'horted to the colonists
to work hard 'for the .honor of 'the
found'er." Among the colonists who
shave regained citizenship and re-
mained on, are a 'Communist 'Party
nucleus of 33, and a Komsomol
such as footballs, 'lawn tennis racqu- '(Lcague of 'Communist Youth) , nu-
cis, skates, and 's 'kis Colonists are clans of 960.
allowed, as far as practicable, to
II enquired whether the curse of
choose the 'work in which they will so many •criminal reform schemes,
the i"stigma," had any operation. The
answer was, in substance, that the
men who stay on voluntarily obvious-
ly need not and do not suffer. from
"stigma," and that those who leave
effect to make something devoted to and regain their citizenship are ac -
pleasure; it appeared to me also that cepted on their :merits in .the outside
world and have no need to d'is'close
be engaged. iS'ponts goods were select-
ed out of the innumerable 'kinds of
consumers' goods for which !there is
a demand in (Russ'ia, as 'ehe main pro-
duct of the colony, because it was
thought to have a good psychological
the making of most of the commodi-.
ties involved more individuality and
variety than most modern factory
'work. 'T'he output is, of course, sold fists wanted to marry the daughter of was one Felix Dzerzhi,nsky.
their history. 'I was told In addition
one interesting point. In the early
years of the colony, one of the colon -
Hoer 1n F
RHEUMATISMd
New Medicine Drives Out Poisons,
'That Cause Torturing Stiffness,
Swelling and Lameness
EASES PAIN FIRST DAY
You cannot get rid of rheum'atic
aches and pains, N e'u r it i•s, lame
knotted muscles and stiff swollen,
points' till you drive 'from your system
the irritating poisons that cause risen-
mta'tis'm.' .External tre'atmen'ts only
give temporary relief,
1W'hatyou need is RU -MA, the new
internal medicine that aots on the
aver, ,kidneys ''and 'bl'ood and expels
through the natural channels of 'elim-
ination, these dangerous poisons.
IN'o 'long waiting for your suffering
to stop—IRU-MIA eases; pain 'first day
—andso quicenly and safely
end stif-
fening,
f-
fening, crippling lameness and •tortur-
ing''pain that 'Cihas, Alber:iart urges -
every rheumatic 'sufferer to get a
bottle today. 'T'hey guarantee it.
a peasant in the village near the col-
ony, and the whole village strongly
abljected. The •collective considered
the matter and establislhed the rule
set out above as to the necessity for
.obtaining leave to marry; 'the peasant
opposition soon died dawn, assisted to
some extent 'by the peasants being
permitted to shop in 'the colony's
"Co-op."; the :village and the colony
are now on 'the best o,f terms; and the
number of girls from that village w'ho
have married colonists now totals 1'6.
The -- staff of five above-mentioned
was introduced merely for education-
al purposes and because technical help
was necessary to the proper running
of the factory. The director .of . edu-
cation, 'who entertained us and s'h'ow-
ed us round (so 'far as 'that was not
done by an •entertaining ex -thief who
tal'ked Russian, German, Yiddish and
thieves' slang), was an ex -army doc-
tor who has been there for sheer lave
of the work since it began. He 'was a
magnetic person, one of ,the finest
characters 'to be met in or out of Rus-
sia; the colonists call him. 'Uncle,"
and 'he .and',. they are on "second per-
son sin'gul'ar" [terms.
'Failures, that is to say, men who
leave voluntarily without rehabilita-
tion .(whioh is not necessarily in all
cased •equivalent 'to relapse into
crime), do not exceed 18 per cent.
'The demand ,for entrance exceeds
the available accommodation, but the
colony is (as already mentioned) al-
ways extending, and .there are eight
similar colonies :already astablished in
different parts of Russia. One senior
official of the People's 'Commissariat
of Justice recently spent three months
in Bolshevo as a colonist ,to make a
practical test of its operation, This
method, 'I understand, is not usual in
England. These colonies are not un-
der the 'Commissariat of Justice; they
were all stanbed by, and are still tech-
nically subject to, a body known as
O1G2,U., and the actual originator
'The poetilaltion •of the colony con-
sists an present (a) o'f ah'out 000
bh'icves or ex -thieves (mostly, but not
ail, men), some ,wthose term of sen-
tence to prison or concen•tra'tion.[
'camps has not yet expired, some
whose term 'hats expired, and' many
whloihave fulfilled their .tern and have.
also been resitored to full citizenship,
•
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