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HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe Seaforth News, 1933-02-16, Page 7TIHURSADAY,FEBRUARY 16, 1933 THE SEAFORTH NEWS. PAGE SEVEN. Di Hi McInnes chiropractor t f Wingham, will be at the nommercial Hotel, Seaforth Monday, Wednesday and FridayAfternoons oo s Diseases of all kinds success- fully treated. Electricity used. THE WESTERN CONITINENTS There 'are three .Americas: The Am- erica of the North; the America of the !Middle Regian,anid the 'Aimerica oif the !South. They differ en pslcthology, in language and in 'temperament, but there is a basic unlilty among them. They are bound together Iby a com- mon p'toneening spirit that basically dsiatirngeaisihes the 'New Wlorld from' the Old; that d'ar'es everything, flau'nts Itradsitian and attempts' the imiposeible. Out of that spirit has 'come the great contribution of the Americas to world ,civiliz'abion. INeeth America thralls wibh its in- dustries; scrapes the very skies with its buildings;, eliminates d'istan'ce, height, •depth; educates its youth by the thousands, sends abroad its goods and its 'meal ooncelp'ts.' This is the 'America Ica John Dewey, philosopher of an indetstni'alf ,age; of Walt Whit- man, poet of the unconventional; of New York City and of a Niagara that is he symbol of the nation=power- ftel- and proldsucing power, !M'id'dle America Hives amid bhe ruins of glorious .ancient civilizations, un der a torrid stun. Here the new and ,the o1d mingle. Here the sugar cane, 'Uhe banana and the coffee tree color ,the countryside .and provide a liveli- Ihood for millions of workers. Here b!ii and canals and khaki uniforms bring their )problem's and alter the physical and political aspects of the hand. These republics of the Middle America are the first to .feel the ex- pansion of their neigh'b'or of the North. Out of this •has come a fever- ish activity in :nation building; artists turn statesmen and school teachers take up the reins of State. This is the Aunerica of Ruben D'a- rio, foremost among the world's poets; of Diego Rivera, ,painter of liv- ing murals; df Marti, the poetemar- tyr; of greet plantations .and •of great capitals like Havana and Mexico City; of peoples who, like those of the. North, have deep faith in their des- tiny. South Almerica, wibh its ten na- tions, resembles, in part, the (America of bhe North, in part the America of the Middle Region. Here people live mem dense tropical jungles or high in the rarefied atmosphere, and also in the big and bustling cities of the •coast. Here are wheat and cattle and oil and coffee for all the world. Here, too, the 'old and the new ,meet —the oxecart and the ainpl'ane; not afar from such metropolises as 'Buenos Aires and Rio de Janiero are towns that seem a century away. Here are hanks and railroads, factories and su'b- ways and also large landed estates. 'This is the America of Jose Santos (Ch'o'cano, the poet 'of Peru, of Agustin 'Alvarez of Chile, world - Ifainoius for his knowledge of internati'o'nal law; of Carlos Gomez, composer of op- eras; of ;Domingo 'Faesstino, Slarmein- to, the .ed'uc'ator-sltatesm'ate of Argen- tina, and of many other famed in the world of ,thought. Some .of the nations of South 'America are formed) and others are !stall in. the making; bolt' all of them are wrestlingcoura eons1 y withh 'ir obl' t e n s . P Iem !These, then, are three .Americas, different Mend yet alike in' their vital- ity, in .their 'dsynamie ,ponver, in their idealism: The American of the North is oalm, efficient, practical; with his instrulmeists of steel he pushes through' forests, over or under rivers, into. the earth and into the very skies, The man of Central and South Amer- ica is emotional and brilliant 'of intel- lect; with pen and ,word he tilts with ignorance, with blind' conservatism, with solcial injustice. Yet they have fought The same battles; both have contended with the jungle and have striven in the world 'of .the spirit. One significant feature of American .civilization .has been the. conquest of 'nature and the mastery o'f 'cenviron- m'enstasl •obstacles to 'h'uman life . and, happiness. North America is consid- ered .the classical example of the'.cam- plete victory ` o'f man : over his sur- roundings. Man in the Worth 'has overcame the rigors of . the ,climate and virtually eliminated distance as a 'barrier to civilization. He leas 'knit 'together Nsonth and !South, East ansa IWeat and established a uniform cul- ture in all parts of This 'domain. With many more obstacles to overcome, the ICentnal end South Americans, too, have made a remarkable record. IThe'ir task is not yet .complete, but in the light of 'their past achievements they seem destined to s'uc'ceed. It Was not the Spaniards and the Poetugese alone who 'won ,these vic- tories ,over nature. ,Among 'the con- querors were mem of .mixed blood the erue Latin Americans-whso took part in, and often •led, those remark- able achievements of expansion that 'brought most of ;America to the knowledge of the ,world•, They pene- trated into every corner; 'they crossed wide rivers and ''high .mountains; they fought wild 'beasts and hostile 'Ind- iana. They gasped for :breath in high altitudes, and paused for relief in lat- itudes that were unbearably hot, But nothing 'stopped therm. There are, for example, the Paulista of (Brazil, who matched 'the perform- ance of ,the Spaniards wad the "Forty - Natters." 'These IBandsei'rantes—desc- endan'ts o'f Negro and IPortugese— fought all the horrors of the "green bell" 'with the fury of tigers. Starting 'from the present !State of Sao Paulo with 'their families, possessions and caravans and determined to succeed or succumb, they plunged' into the brush and jungle. They spread West and North and South; and the enor- mous Brazil of today is their 'work. This 'pioneering spirit ,has shown; it- self in other !fields, where even more courage was required. 'All ,three Am- ericas have made challenging contri- butions to civilization by 'ptiCting into practic new !principles of 'liberty, bro- thcrhb'od and peace. They have dem- onstrated hew society can be organiz- ed 'on the basis of :equality, 'how the peoplle can .participate in government and how nations can settle their dif- ficulties without resort to arms. "as the normal and. natural form of government," has lbeen 'pre-eminently a gift of the north American to the world. But it is dou'btfu'l whehher the Americas alone (could have fixed universal attention upon the great ad- vantages of democracy. ,Some Euro- pean nations tried it 'tat despaired and slipped back into the old 'ways. 'Thee Latin Americans alone struggled on. In spite of repeated failure's and in the face of tremendous .obstacles, they have 'clung tenaciously to their' con- stitution's as the source of democracy and individual liberty. 'The second great 'contribution of the Americas to civilization has ,been the practice ref arbitration, "America has been the pioneer of the view that peace is the normal condition of man- kind and that when the causes .for war are elimeinsated, war ceaseseto have a raison d'etre," says a distinguished British writer. to 'large part of the world now concurs in this belief, but long 'be'fo:re it be'ca'me an internation- ally accepted ideal, the Latin Amer- ican's were putting it into 'operation. One of the most fruitful cause's of war lay in boundary dis'p'utes, 'because territorial integrity and national hon- or were considered almost synony mous, To violate the offs was to im- pugn the other, and the offense could only be washed clean on the 'field of battle The "Latin -Amer cafe nation's all inherited territorial disputes with their neigh'liars. Though some wars were fought oyer these datrb'tful 'bou'n- daries, mast of the questions at issue were settled by arbitration. There is 'a double signi'ficansce 'this fact. It shows not only the desire of the LatinlAine'ricans for peace, bus also that they are not revolutionaries because of any constitutional' ' love of fighting. Wars over Ibou'ndaries were Founded in 1900 A Canadian 'Review of .Reviews This weekly magazine offers a re- markable selection of articles and car- toons gathered from the latest issues of the leading British and American journals and reviews. It reflects the current thought of both hemispheres on ail world problems. Beside this it has a department of finance', investment and insurance, and features covering literature and the arts, the progress of science, edu- cation, the house beautiful, andwo men's 'interests. Its every page is a window to some fresh .vision Its every column is a live -wire contact with life! WORLD WIDE is a FORUM bts editors are chairmen, not com- batan'ts, Its articles are selected for their outstanding merit, il'lumina'tion and entertainment, To sit down inn your own home for a quiet tete a tete with some of the world's best informed and clearest thinkers on subjects of vital interest is the great advantage, week by week, of those who give welcome to this entertainsing .magazine. "A magazine of which Canadians may well: be proud."` "Literally, 'a feast of reason and a flow of soul.'." "Almost every article is worth fil- ing orsharing with a friend,". Every one of the pages oif Worded Wide is 1100% interesting to Canadians Issued Weekly 15 ots copY; $3.50 yearly On Trial to NEW subscribers 8; weeks only 35 cts net One Year " $2.00 (iOn trial''in Montreal and suburbs, also in 'U.S. add '1c for every 'week of service. For other foreisgn countries add 2 ate.) considered justifiable, but co'ns'onant with the spirit oif. the New 'World and with their own idealism 'the Latin Americans chose the •path .of peace. Their faith in arbitration has found its fullest justification in treaties Tor compuil'sory arbitration, pacts to re- nounce war, the (Geneva ipratocoi, the Lacarnso treaty, the League off Na- tions and 'the Pan-American confer- en'ces. Moire recently the nations of the South have become political pathfind- ers in the New World. Mexico's Con- stitution of 190, a great social docu- ment; Unuguay's Comisititutibn of 1919,. in which the conventional executive power ,has ibeen altered to a novel form; the 'P.eruvian'' Constitution of 19120, and those of Hon'd'uras and Ecu ador with their sections on social guaratntee's; the new legislat'i'on of Me- xico and 'Chile—at indicate thalt the Latin Americans recognizes re'aiistie- ally thee existence of great 'humanita- rian prolblems and their 'will'ingnes's to alter fundamental laws to salve them. There has been •still another signi- ficant contribution of the Americas' o'f the 'world. (Racial bitterness, class pre- judice and religious intdleran'ce have been among bhe great barriers to hu- man happiness. 'Became they are founded on emotional basis, they are all the more difficult to d'issi'pate. North 'A'merica has '•shown how 'olass and religious differences can 'be over- come; 'it leas revealed the . efficacy of the "mseslting pot. The ''Latin'Ameri- can, merican, dor his part, has added 'so'cia'l to economic and .p'oli'tical equality. Ever since the beginning of lLatin-iAmerican history son amazing bilen'ding of ,bloods and cultures hes been goiin'g on. Afri- can,'Indian anid European civilizations thousand's of years apart as measured in tim'e, have been superimposed or 'fused. While 'bhe 'fusing .. is taking place, as it still' is today, friction is produlcesd. Much o'f bhe unrest of Lat- in .America originates in this racial. !laboratory. But aslt-these -are growing pains and the 'promises of nation- building go on, unceasingly. Steadily bhe links 'binding the three Almericastoge't'her havebeen forged- links of communication, of trade, of international accord and of spirit. 'Un- til the World War the channels of in- tercourse were inferior to those with Europe. Today, through the sir, on land and sea, and tinder the sea, the three America's 'have been .brought ire- to nto touch. Canada's butter exports to the British Isles and other countries totalled 10,680,00q pounds in 1981, as compared with only 1,180,400 pounds in 1930. Canada's bread and bakery pro- ducts industry showed production to a value of $73,694,894 during 1030, through 2,698 establishments of which 1.071 are located in Ontario and 868 in Quebec. March was the year's best month, to date, for pig iron pro- duction in Canada, with a total of 17,989 tons, at a rate of 580 tons per day, as compared with 362 tons per day in February and 332 in January. W. G. Chester, dean of Canadian railroad veterans, has just retired, in Winnipeg, after 26 years in the service of the Canadian Pacific Railway and another 25 with the Brotherhood of Railway Conduc- tors. Excursions run by the Canadian Pacific Railway between various points in Eastern Canada have met with unqualified success. To date, some 17,000 persons, have been carried on visits and holidays, over different week -ends, by this means. The 1931 census shows 728,244 occupied farms in Canada, or 17,154 more than were shown when the count was taken in 1921. Quebec, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta and British Columbia are responsible for the increase, with the last-named in the lead. Navigation opened in Montreal on April 18 with the Canadian Pacific freighter Beaverburn the first trans-Atlantic ship in port. Her master Captain E. Landy, receiving the gold -headed cane, presented annually by the Harbor Commissioners, for this exploit. Passenger honors in the trans- Atlantic service also fell to the Canadian Pacific, when the liner Montclare docked on the afternoon of Tuesday April' 19, as the first passenger ship to arrive in Mont real. Thus the C. P. R. claims double honors for the 1932 season. Liverpool witnessed an unique event on April 5, when 750 British boys and girls disembarked Prem the Canadian Pacific liner Mont- rose, after a special cruise • in the Mediterranean. A great London daily newspaper has offered prizes for the best essays' written on the trip. Some weird stories have hero told of feline sagacity, but 1,1,e optn record would appear to he d by a Siamese cat, eau, h "stowed away" on the Canal -lien Pacific liner Empress of Brit.:in. when she left England to ee eo New York to begin her a•'.rid cruise last winter. Pusey fit:nll, deigned to show herself when i iso ship was hall' -way' through bit long, trip. The Empress got, a rousing ,.welcome in New York when her trip was over, and the much -travelled cat was delivered to its owner, in the Southern States. (837) INDIA'S HOLY 111ILAM.AN. Todas Lay Down Strict Rules for Chief Millanan. The Todas' a tribe living in South- ern India, regard their milk vendors as holymen. The chief of these 18 the Holy Milkman, who has an offieial residence, the Sacred Dairy, which he is not allowed to leave duringhie term of omee. The Holy Milkman, moreover, is usually a bachelor; 1f he married before. being appointed to his high office, he must leave his wife and devote himself entirely to observ- ing the stringent rites of the Sacred Dairy. No ordinary person may touch a Holy ,Milkman, for to do so would defile ;his exalted office and he would be compelled to resign. Another re- etrictton is that Holy Milkmen must not be spoken to except on Mondays. and Thursdays. On other days, any message must be shouted from a con-, siderabie distance. The dairy -temples are usually built in conical form, and the milkman - pried must always sleep in the cow - house, a draughty structure with a small fireplace. There is no door to the dairy, and a Holy Milkman is allowed to wear only one coarse robe. When he is eating, his hand must not touch his lips, and to prevent this he throws his food into his mouth. When drinking, he must' hold the vessel aloft and pour the liquid down his throat as from a tap. GRASSHOPPERS AID HUNGRY. Natives of China Make Appetizing Dishes of Them. Shortage of food in the Tientsin - Peking sections of China, during the past year has been augumented b3' the vast clouds of grasshopper's which devastated fields and growing crops. The insects have been so numerous, indeed, that in spite of the higher prices for most foodstuffs, grass- hoppers have been cheaper in the market than for many years. At times they have actually been procurable for six coppers a catty, so that in the grasshopper sections . of China the H.C.L. would not have been so bad.Furthermore, these were the shy and elusive variety— rather more flyers than hoppers— for to move about they depend upon wings rather than legs. As they are differently prepared for the table in different parts of the country, the tourist may have them to suit any taste or preference. An - clarity, according So the Apostle Mark, John the Baptist took his with wild honey. In the south of China, the natives usually' eatthem boiled whole. In Tientsin, the bodies are stripped of legs and wings and are then fried, bud when placed upon a pla.,ter, look for all the world like and taste better than a heaped and inviting portion of hot potato chips, DUTCH BRICKS AS BALLAST. Many Old Houses Around New Yarle Built of These Bricks. Many an ancien, house in and about New York is said to have been built with imported Dutch bricks. The little American vessels that trad- ed with the' West found i; cheaper to ballast with Dutch bricks and sell them in New York for a trifle than to ballast with stones, a scarce arti- cle in. Holland anyhow, and dump them.hn the harbor. So good Rotter- dam bricks might get into a New York chimney; as for similar reasons bricks loaded in London might help rear a Virginia planter's stately-man- sfon on the James, with local brick - kilns. near. Nothing ever changes. In 1928, just as in 1660, westward cargoes are lighter than eastward; and the Amer- ican Wage Earners' Protective Con- ference complains that bricks—duty free by the 1922 tariff — are still brought over as ballast, depriving many a stout felow of a day's work here, and it demands the reimposition of a tariff. Whatever may be thought of an .import relatively trivial in amount, it is at any rate nothing new in Amercan industral history. RIGHT KIND OF ANGER. Not Only Inevitable, But at Times Necessary. There is such a thing as righteous anger. Anger is not only inevitable, it is at 'times necessary, says Arthur Ponsonby, M.P. Its absence means indifference, the most disastrous of all human fallings. Indignation :las been the motive power behind the great forward: movements in the his- tory of -humanity. Indignation at so- social injustice, indignation at ty- ranny and persecution, indignation at cruelty have been the mainspring of vast corporate efforts. The "sweet -tempered" man may be a mao who be incapable of being an- gry.,This far from being a virtue, Is a rave defect. It denotes easy. acquiescence, placid acceptance of thingsas they are, and insensitive toleration of all that life offers. At any rate, he is a rare bird, ill-equip- ped for the business of living and is deserving of no praise. Whereas"he has a temper" is really a compliment, although we must watch the exhibi- tionof the temper in order to know if the compliment is deserved. Too Many Laws. In an article in the. American Mag- azine, Wll1lam S. Dutton takes up the question of the immense number od taws in the United States, and states that an investigator counted 30,000 city, State and Federal laws, leaving county ones out of the enumeration. One State law, he says, has nevor ossa obeyed—and it never will; It reads: "When two trains approach eaeh other at a crossing, they shall both come to a full stop, and neither shall start until the other is gone." timely, in this ease "the law is an ass!" remarks, the Municipal Review. Moth Squeaks. The Death's Head moth emit squeaks almost as loud es those of. a house. • RESTORING OLD VIRGINIA Engraving at Oxford University Heirs Restoration of Ancient Capitol to Old - Time Dignity. Not long ago several sketches of the Old Fort, Toronto, made by a British officer in the year 1805, were discovered in England. thedraw- ings ra - ings are the only pictures of the fort of that period, they are most valuable historically In showing the various buildings of the garrison eight years before the; Americans destroyed it. Hitherto, there had been sortie doubt as to just what the fort looked' like in the first decade of the nineteenth century. The sketches purchased by Mr. Doughty of the Canadian Ar- chives, Ottawa, were, in part, repro- duced in the press at the time, and if at some future date Torontonians might desire to reconstruct the most htstorlc landmark fn that city, the drawings weuld furnish the inform- ation desired, says an article in the Toronto. Telegram. In this connection. it le Interesting to pee that a quaint old engraving discovered in the Bodleian Library at Oxford University is being studied for the "recreation of part of William& burg, Atlee ancient capital of Virginia;, A research worker engaged in obtain- ing information for the restoration to Williamsburg by John D. Rockefeller, Jr., of much of its old Colonial dig- nity, found an engraved copper plate among the Bodleian records. This discovery bas been regarded as the most important step in the entire re search, it seems. On the plate is engraved a view of the first capitol, known as such, in North Ameri. — older by far than the first capitol in Washington, which was burned • down by a British force in 1814, as a return call for the burn. lag of the Parliament Buildings, York (Toronto), less than a year be- fore. Another view shows the first royal governor's palace in the former American Colonies; a third depicts the oldest academic building in the Colonies; a fourth, the first Indian school. Another shows the house of tile president of William and Mary College—the latter an institution still flourishing, and from which graduated Christopher Robinson, one of the first barristers enrolled in To- ronto and founder of a celebrated Canadian legal family, the fourth generatloninthatcity. of which is practicing The capitol, the palace and the main building of a Virginian college, which was named after William of Orange and his queen, are the three major buildings of the restoration. For more than two years research workers had sought accurate views of these three buildings, searching every possible source in America and Eng- land. The Bodleian plate provided all in a single find. The discovery was made by Miss Mary Goodwin, of Wil)iamsburg,and a print was immediately made from the engraving and transmitted by ra- dio to the United States. Restoration officials, however, reported that their architects, working chiefly from writ- ten records and archaeological !inn- ings, had prepared drawings before the discovery was made, which are now found to be almost identical with the engraved views. The plate is, nevertheless, held to be most valu- able as corroborative evidence. Apparently no other authentic pic- ture of the buildings in that epoch exists, the Oxford plate -having evi- dently been prepared between 1732, when the college president's house was erected, and 1746, when the firni capitol was burned. The plate meas. ares about 151, inches by 111¢ inches, and is divided into three sec- tions, one ofwhich represents some flora and fauna of the country, snow- ing, among other things, a naked man smoking a pipe, and specimen cf thtiny marine creature, the sea- horseat Brafferton Indian School, shown on theplate, was erected in 1723, and presumably amplified in the ensuing 200 years. It still stands and is still in use, though for white college pur- poses. The view of William and Mary Colege is a front one. Erected in 1695, it is the oldest academic build- ing In the United Staten, and said tc be the only definite example on this continent of Sir Christopher Wren's architecture. Fire has damaged the building three times, but the walls are largely original and the picture shows the place as it looked after the first fire of 1705. Spanish Onion Vendors. The Spanish onion boy, who is of- ten a Breton, and not a Spaniard at all, maintains his picturesque occu- pation. With his persuasive tongue, velveteen jacket and long staff, bend- ing beneath strings of onions, his presence in Spain's suburban roads is not unattractive. These onion sell- ers ordinarily ply 'their trade from, August to December, and for the rest of the time are cultivating the land Ln Brittany. sThey are among the linguists or In- ternational commerce. Amongthem selves they converse In Breton, They speak English with a strong accent, but fluently, as many a housewife knows when she is left a shilling poorer and with two strings of un- budgetted onions on her hands. If a prospective victim -cares to air her French, they never fail in their com- pliments to madame on, her excellent pronunciation—a tactful tribute moat helpful to trade. Daring Lady Bandits. A gang of bandits, the majority of whose members were 'women, has just been broken up' in Poland, The oldest of these female criminals was under thirty-five, Not very long ago the American newspapers worn featuring the ex. plats of the "bobbed :hair bandit"— a pretty girl who was responsible for a number of robberies. Women have been prominent in a number of revolts and revolutions in the Latin countries. In .China some of the most daring' acts of piracy committed during hist year have been the work, of gauge led by a women. Poatere urging quiet are being dis- tributed in Nese York's anti -noise New Corn Disease Corn • props of Western' Ontario hove a new menace in Sltewant's DI- { same, 'wh'ich has boc'omo prevalent in Kent and ,Essex Oounties, with a sprinkling in Middlesex, Lamlbton, Norfolk and ,Elgin. Representa'tives from these counties met recently to coivsider the problem. Dr. G. H. Berms leley, pathologist, of the Dominion laboratory at St, Catlilarines, and Prof. Davies of the D'e'partment of Ento- mology at 04A.'C., were present to give information to the representat- ives. Ilt was pain.teid out that ,Stew- ant's disease is a 'bacterial type, at- tacking t'he`,vascullar bundles of the plant stem and clogging up the ducts carrying moisture and •food to the leaves. These subsequently wither and the .planet .lues. The •disease works fast killing the plantin three days after the infection becomes appa're'nt. The disease centre was esta'bli'shed by mi- nute yellow 'specks co'nuprisinig the disease areas on the rooks bundles. In'atrn'cti'o'ns for mental of the disease with be sent au' shortly, Fertilizer Tests on Wheat Definite results ,from the aplp1'ica- tion osffertilizer to fall' wheat have been obfaind by 73 farmers in On- tario. ,Already there are 232 lots un- der test and . under the supervision oif the Chemistry Department .of the Ag- ricultural College. M'os't of the lead- inig fertilizer mixtures were used.. After three years of this experimen- tal work the Chemistry Department makes the statement that winter kil- ling of wheat can be overcome to a large extent by applying suitable fer- tilizers, on well dratted soil. Also it was ,found that fertilized wheat stools out much more abundantly than 'doe's unfertilized wheat. 'Fertilized wheat ripens more uni- formly than unfertilized wheat, and 8 to 10 days earlier. Also a -satisfactory catch of clover and grans is ' nearly always obtained if fertilizers are used when seeding grain. !Fertilizers applied with the drill give better results than the same fer- tilizers when applied broadcast As the in'crease in yields is the de- ; - ciding ,factor in using fertilizers 1,1 extra bu'she'ls per acre seems to leave a margin of profit, This was the av- erage obtained in the past two year. There is an added benefit for one or two years in the stand of clover and grase following wheat, 'Buttons are not only as old as civ- ilizatioon but a great deal older, having been found among the prehistoric re- mains in 'Great Britain, and were in use in Egypt from tthedth to the '19eth dynasty. 'In the '1'4th and ,lath cen- turies they played a large part in the ornamentation of dress. The 1116th century, 'however, ,found ties and aiguilettes coming into fash- ion and ifor the time 'being buttons took a back seat not coming into fa- shion again till the days of 'Queen El- izabeth when large 'silk'buttons were :the fashion. In 1'680 'the brass button was invented and the 'button makers of !Birmingham were exceedingly prosperous and at the end of the 18th century and, the beginning of the 19th coats loaded with brass buttons were the fas'hion. Buttons often serve as badges and the •Chinese 'Mandarin of to -day wears one on his hat vs a mark of rank. It is interesting to know that two but- tons on the back of a man's coat re- call the :time when riding on 'horse- back was the usual mode of progres- sion.: The button's Of to -day are made of many different materials, including metals, wood, bone, ivory, shell, ebony, glass, porcelain, silk and cloth. Ivory buttons are turned en a lathe while shirt buttons are made of powdered talc mixed with glass, and baked in tnoulds and polished. Shankless buttons are stamped while those with shanks have the . discs punched and the shanks fitted with solder. The horn button industry 'has been carried' on in Halesowen, Worcester- shire, for mere than a century and the buttons are made from the tips and 'hallows of ox 'horns from 'South Africa and 'South America, and also frotn Buffalo horns from 'India, the latter being of the airiest quality as they have such wonderful colorings. Strangely enough, genuine horn buttons ars not as extensively used in 'Great Britain, where they are pro- duced asthey are on the continent, or in Canada acrd the ;United States. 'There are a great many processes and intricate machines used in the rapid production of genuine horn but- tons. The horns are tut into tips and hollows. The tips are trimmed ready far turning in any shape which may be required, the hollows being opened and made into plates so that they can be placed into the turning machine. The polishing, drilling of 'holes, coun- tersinking, sorting and carding are all interesting processes. An increasing erpo:it trade in honey is repented, over 60:0,000 pounds hav- ing been shipped already by the On-. teeio Honey 'Export A'ssocia'tion.