The Seaforth News, 1933-01-19, Page 3.THURSDAY, JANIUARY 19, 1933.
r
THE SEAFORTH NEWS.
PAGE THREE.
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Thane 334 Seaforth, Ont
THE GREAT WALL OF FR'ANC'E
.When the nes was spread -broad
that France had b'egu•n to build a wall,
of 'foidbifi!cationsalong, her 'eastern.
frontiers::which would take an army
of 10,000, workmen five years to fini's'h
and would cost inure` than $100,000,-
000 many people were surprised and
•neany critical. The French answer to
'these exlpress'i!onia of corpus as well
as to. the critidism'is the ,s'a'nde'thatt•ha'a
been roadie Lor the past ten years:
"We recall—we cannot help recallinig'
that French 'territory has beenin-
vaded from the .north four Mimes the
space'of 0'20 years." And as one' of lour
writers has said with a good deal .of
humor: 'The first time it might have
been an accident, the seco5d miglhlt
have been a relapse, but the. third
time, it looked like a chronic dis-
ease, and the fourth •time brands it
as an incurable habit "
That is why iFaance ,feels 'herself
obliged to protect her 'herder by solid
fortifcations, and in any event, .'that
is, why slhe is bu'ildin'g .that ,great fine
oIf fortilflcations>ito,dlay. Let u.s see how'
,she is going about it, After long 'study
and numerous 'hesitations, Idle ''bench
general Staff finally' .decided on the
system Of a 'chain .o8 defenses drawn
across the .whole 'length o +fthe north-
east and so'tilthe'aslt (borders, from !Dun-
kirk t
Dunkirk' to (Basle' and been !Mont iBlanc to
Nice. It will be a chain 'Whose links,
'however, are neither of the same
.size nal of 'bhe 'same kind. 'The French
border is in :fact es varied in +its a's-
1'4ects as is the :country 'itself. In the
1r lbeth .from iDunki k to: ILuxentburg is
long stretch of plain covered with
unban agglomerations, one . after the
other is ,the closest succession. It
would be itlpassi+ble to construct 'fo'nts
:and trenches there, espec'ial'ly as (the
neighboring 'country is tl3elgism, with
!whom !France has 'been traditionally
friendly, and with 'whom she is de-
fensively allied. lOnly small Shelters
will be ,established '0 this region, sup-
Iplemenited by a "flying forti'ficati'on,
a now c'on'ception of defense. In case
of neecssity the region of Dunkirk
.can 'always be probeoted by , Opening
the floodgates;'Soutth of (Luxemburg
begins immediately the wide and only
elevated ,plateau :called 'the
'.thnghWaY 'oIf tLornaine. St ms bhe trd!i-
t e? is
,fntvaston bacaus ttilioni route a4slightly
;without any 'natural protection; Here
elle country is in' direct contact, 'with
(Germany; here' is the most sensitive
ispot, b'ecau'se it is the point ;iwlhere .des-
,tiny has .concentrated the greatest un-
dustrial riches: *1 Frnnne. Here, there-
fore, every kind :olf olbsltac'le must 'b:e
'as.,embled — 'blocks of cement .and
'barbed wire entanglem'en'ts for at
this point the chain of defense must
attain its Maximum 'thickness 'and tpo=
!ver of ,res+isitan'c'e, 'Further on :begin
the Vosges with their great forests
and 'passes, where in will be sufficient
'to prepare for a Methodical destruc
(tion 'df 'the ev'o,odied routes :by urines
and tlo protect the ,passes with light
,defenses and a scattered pill -,box 'forti-
tfiealbian line.
(Lastly, al'on'g ,Alsace from 'K:emlbs
to Basle, :a distance ,olf' about a • hun
Bred miles, 'flews the :Rhine. 'Fo'ci
said -during 'the ,peace negotia'tion's
"Give me the 'Rhine as a ,frontier
and with six divisions a will ,guaraii-
tee to .hold it so ,that you can thi,sar'm
iii all tranquillity." And this re'm'ains
;true ,today, 'for no i!orbuficatio,ns are
being raised on the banks of the now
demilitarized (Rhine,,'The 'construction
of concrete pill -boxes every Mile or so
is considered sufficient to guard the
trenches and t ilil-boxes and gun em- ITretnc!htes. t
plecerneit'ts. 'The work presents untold 0!n: this 200 -miles stretch from Lux -
difficulties, unlike any :oltiher on 't'h'e em!buig to 'Basle along the 'German
wbol'e IFlren'c!h''bonder, 'for here nature (frontier, she entire s!ch'eme is bai-
h•a's taken the 'op'posite ,tack ,and offers anced and interlocked. The small
the defender no 'Aid, for :site Ifurnis'hes 'links in tihe chain are supported' by.
no water, no sand .and no easy means 'tfte 'larger, and'the . biggest ones in
of aeees's, 'Considering ail This, it will turn s!uplpont the whole. The small
readily lbe !seen [what a variety of 'work tna'cltineegun units ,in the front line
will be required' in :the forging elf -will permit a fierce resistance against
IFrance''s'chain Of defense, whose links infantry, The next unit of grouped
are of such unequal fern' !and thick- pillboxes' call resist a combined in
cess, while ,all must he 'firmly we'lde'd: Pantry and field .artillery attack, while'
together. the largest itnf'ts at 'Huchwaed and
The smallest link of ,this chain will IHIstc4eenberg are itti , reality armored
be tire. machine-gun 'pillbox," which fonts of thevery newnes't design and
is a concrete u'o'olm 'thirty Meet by are built to withstand the highest
,thirty-six. As garrison each of 'these p'olwer artillery. The chain :of defense
will shelter twelve men ,six 'feet :below will allow .the border troops .to estab-'
ground..All 'these 'pillboxes are 'bur- lislh themselves in solid ,p'a'siti'ons from
led deep in the earth ,with only the the first day of hostilities and will.
top of 'a tower :projecting a ,few inches ass'u're the peeteetion of the . rich min-'
ablove the surface lillee the 'periscope lag and manufacturing cities behind'
and gun 'hewer of a submarine ;below thein from any surprise assault by
lthe ,water. In !this +tower there is roam !the enemy. The system removes the.
'Ocr only the 'looko:tit linen 'arid ,the Ona- necessity for the fortification ,of the
chine 'winner. 'The other ten !nen 'are towns themselves. ,In shent, the chain
in the more ,prote'cte'd and separate of defense combines the hnem'an
compartment, 'During :an extensive
tour 'which 'I made of the whale Incd•
I 'visited at least ,thirty of these pill-
boxes and did not see any two alike,
One was like a kied olE saubtereenean
house with two •Stories. !Another had
been dug into a ra'i'lway •emlbankinent,
,Another was established in the mound
01 an :ein'b:anktnent along a stream.
tI found. one in 'Lower Alsace which
had been built in the .muddle of a,
Swamp. To snake its foundations they
had had to drive in :some 'hundred's
df piles, ,as is done in 'bui'ld'ing a
bnid'ge, The .cost of se .pill -box of this
kind varies .between ,$20,000 ,and $40,_
000. I'f 'the pill -(box ,is oonnscted :by a
tunnel „with an underground shelter
several hundred ,'ands away, as is
sometimes done, it :may cost as .much
as $180,000 or $120,000.
,iAnother'type of constructioncon
sists of several 'pill-tboxes' being
grouped near one another, connected
tby various mean's 'of ,communication
and 'equipped •with several machine
gains, and in same instances 'with
light artillery. This is the .mediu'm-.
sized construction and may cost be-
tween $400,000 'and $500,000. As :to
the big unit, which 'constitutes the
main .pillar of defense, it is a 'compli-
cated series of work, including shel-
ters, magazines and subterranean
passages, and is often equipped with
heavy artillery. 'Tlhese are lfermid-
able things to construct, and that .in
the H'aehwa'l'd in .the ''Vosges, or .the
one at !Haokonberg ,defending 'Matz, is
capable of serving ,as a veritable fort-
ress, !These coneter ,pillars which
com'niand the. whole .defense chain of
the east do net resemtble each other
in the smallest degree. H'ackeniberg
is a marvel of underground mech-
anics, don:taianing a prodigious system
'o'f passages, railroad tracks and elec-
tric c'ab'les installed in the very bow-
els
of a mountain. lit is 1'
ke G1 ral
_
tar
in many respects. Hodhwold, on
the c'on'trary, is almost entirely on
the surface. A=formidable semi -circle
'af steel and 'cement expends for a dis
tante Of mane 'than two miles 'en
.circling the sides of :a weeded hill.
More than two hundred and fifty
means of defense 'w'i'th strong con-
'cre'te fortifications, and in order to 'bor. But of the eighteen concrete
penetrate it it will be necessary bo Shelters of the fart thirteen ane still in
disable the 'fortificatioins. When such good repair and in the subterrane'an
a system of fortlfication extends over (pants nothing except the cistern su'f-
a distance of 2120 miles it cannot be Ifer'ed serious damage. - Even more
torn up as one would tear up a scrap strange and n'one convincing is the
of paper. 'Besides the fined system of exa'mlple of the Fort of M'oulainvislle,
fonthficat'ion :so e'lab'orately construct-
ed •and enabling each link to cover the
other, the French General .Staff 'has
'devised another curious system wh'ic'h
hss the advantage of ;being concealed
so that it menet he platted on any
trap. This consists of what ehe
IFrenoh' 'Generals have ,termed the
"roolbile ,park" or, more familiarly,' the
'fortification on wheels, ''T'his mobile
Part , cons'tibtutes 'a sort Of •movable
s'li'ce of fortification. It :oantaine a con-
siderable stock of .ntaterial for digging
trenches and constructing •shelters and'
machine -gust emplacements, a n d
equipment, for :quickly installing large
systems of 'barbed-wire entangle
ments.
:Situated la the vicinity of a :rail
road or a junction of toads, this park
can: rapidly suppiymaterial to be
transported either by rail or motor
,trunk to bolster any part of the
chain of defense' or to prepare .a
new line to fall .back upon, It is es-
timated that the mobile park will be
able to double the strength of a pose-
tioh in two or three, days and that
w'ithiet a week it will be able to es-
tablish a 'c'omp'lete new system of de-
fenses for the region it covers..
IN in 1914 Fnange had possessed' a
system of fortification on wheels, the
North of France .probably never
would have 'been invaded. It is,
therefore, •espe'cia'lly, in the north, be-
tween Luxemburg and Dunkirk, that
this system will be used in the fu-
tur'e, I'ts principal advant'a'ges, as the
name indicates, is its marvelous
mobility. It, can q'ui'ckly be moved
n
from one place to another and c a
be installed anywhere, Another ad-
vantage is that it is .relatively inex-
pen.s'ive, for a mobile park permitting
the installation of .a mile of trenches
will not •cost more than $4,000 or
$5000 and requires pr.actica'ily no up-
ke" Its chief dtsa'vantage is, o,
file' well-being of the soldiers has been
provided in the pill -boxes and in the
small ,shelters, as well as in the forts.
In addition to electric lights and wells
to furnish c4:r'inleing water, there will
be beds, wash bowls with running
water and in the larger- shelters,
Where hundreds of ;nen can be secure-
ly 'housed through ,the heaviest born
lb'ardnnent, there ,will be .even electric
'kitchens .and heating ap+paratus,
There have na•tural'ly been criti-
�eisims. There always are. And the
lfirst criticism which comes to ns'ind
is this: (W'hat gua'ran'tees are there
that all this reinforced concrete will
'hone'? Who can tell.,whether they ,will
not be ground into powder he a few
(hours by the enemy's .big guns? Did
not the world war demonstrate the
'fragility of all armored and concrete
'fortifications?
To lthese queries the 'French gen-
eral staff replies: "'Go and see Ver-
dun," It 'was estimated that the 'Fort
of D'ouamront at Verdun wa's .hit in
:19'1'6 by not less than 120,000 German
and 'French projectiles, and that Of
'these 2,000 were above 270 men, call_
wihaii figure will the efiectiveness of
the !French army be reduced -46;e
army which seems senorntous when all
its reaervles are counted, 'but whicih. in
reality amounts to note much more
than 200;000 nneli under the colors,
orf whom :two-thirds •have more than
six months of training, and .could
light immediately? 'This •question
weighed heavily in the balance when
France d'eci.ded to equip and fortify
her ea's'tern frontiers.
BROOKLYN BRIDGE
The R'oebiin'gs, !father and son, de-
signed and built the Broakly'n 'Brid'ge
bebween 1lh'69 and '11883. At precise'ly.
that •peri'o'd the ants' were dead' or
:sleeping; pretenblou's and aver -elabor-
ate a'tnoci>aies ruled architecture and
interior dedcratti.on. Head they taken
merely the Moles of the thing into ac -
nom* probably we' should have had a
,mess of stone .ornanaen'bs in variegated
'colors and itthatemon!ious shapes, '
However, 'tie Roebl!in'gs were ,pro
tfes'sedly not architects, but engineers,
d'oi'ng a jab without precedent, How
the thing would work—bh'at was their
.Main concern. So they built, es first
co'ns'ideratio'n, soundly; and sound
'bu'il'ding is, beautiful building, Evice,pt
for those little devices by which a
goad .wo'rlamne'hidles the rough joint's,
'they seemed not to have considered
the appearance of their masterpiece.
commanding the plain oil the "Woevre, !There must be approaches, to lift .the
(For six months it su'sbained a bon'- span up in, the air and 'clear the tall
'msstts on the river below. The Roeb
'Logs lifted ,them over a series o'f
Etches finished off—just by way of
hiding the joints --=with 'b'ig .cushions of
'simmered chane. ,At ,the point where
the span rises and files across the ri-
ver, 'there must be louvers, with
double arches, to admit traffic. Doubt-
less
oubt
lelss because that foram 'best suited
their engineeri'n'g plan the Roebllinigs
designed the arches in Gothic. The
towers they finished; at the top in
plain, !heavy stone
'That is all; not an inch of carving,
reit a 'single concession to ornamenta-
tion. When it stood complete the pub-
lic shrieked and b'abbled about" this
mighty engineering 'feat—'the longest
suspension, bridge in the world—the
cl'im'ax orf bridge engineering—at last
bardmsnt of u'ninaaginable violence
and. four times its armored turret was
struck by big' shells. Nevertheless all
the shelters of the fort without ex-
ception withstood the punishment,
and the turret, which was .put •out of
action only 'twice for space o'f a' few
days, fired no less than 51800' slh'ots
during the siege. As for bhe Fort of
Vieux, wh'i'ch heroically resisted a reg-
ular hurricane of -fire, it was conquer-
ed only by thirst. The conclusion, as
it is now taught in the .Fren'eh Reale
d'e Guenre, is that "in the fo:rrnid'able
struggle that took place in 191114'-18 be-
tween cannon and armor it was the
armor that won," And that conclu-
sion applies to tomorrow as it does to
today.
The second criticism directed
against the plan adopted relates to ,the link between New Yank 'aid
the trennendous development :and Pr'o IBro'oldly!n—the +pro'mise of a greater
gres's that aviatibh is making each day. Now York. About its ,beau't ,
Aviation is only a m'ethod of de- y people
tructiott: •ft is porta method of in_ said' very little. It was just as well to
svarier. In order to throttle a people, keep quiet about that. The new bridge
yott must occupy their territory and'h'adn't a single Ghibelline battlement,
bold 0. It will, therefore, always be a single inset olf red brick and white
u•e'cessaryto'eross the frontiers with :marble, a s!intgle-.panel wi'thdedoration
men and cannon and penetrate deeply of glided cattails.
into the territory. That is why, in the
'last analysis, the defense of the ,fron-
tiers . will bring'' about victory or de-
feat.;.:
The entire program is to he ac-
complished by '1913'4, which, with the
'fotir following years, will be as oracle.'
period for France. At that time she
will have to face the gap in the
d byhe
ranks of her'armies produce t
falling off.of the birth rate due • to ,com'e'ly,` s'ugge'stive, breath -taking, sat-
t'he war. Each class, which is to say ,isfyinlg.,tHolwever, I for one prefer the
the group of young 'nen of 20 years
of age called to do twelve months
of oonn'pulsory service, averages at
the present about 240,000 men,
acres of ground had:to be.dug' tap and d f among whom could be counted about
;worked in' its con'st'ruction. The
!French .Engineering Corps h'a's Club
b'e'd' this .edbraordlinia'ry fortification
which will cost $4,000,000, "the 'Gian't's
'
R
Rheumatism Goes
Swollen Joints
Vanish
PAIN EASED FIRST DAY
If you suffer 'from crippling rheu-
matic .pains, lame, ]slotted nnnscles or
stiff, swollen joints, it's because your,t
systene is full of the irritating poisons
that cause 'rheumatism and make
thousands helpless,
What you need right,now is
RU -MA, the new, internal medicine
that acts directly on the liver, kid-
neys and' blood, and expels through
the natural channels of elimination
these dangerous poisons. Only- an
interne" remedy will do this.
No long waiting for your suffering
to stop—eV-M'A eases pain first day
and so quickly end,s'a'fe'ly ends stiffen-
ing, crippling lameness acid torturing
pain 'that Chas, .Aberhart urges every
rheumatic sufferer to get a bottle
today. They guarantee it,
But ,better educated eye's see tcleariy
what' the Roeb'lintgs did. In the decades
of .dheatp :soph'isticati'on, they 'built
simply with a view to sound construc-
tion, ansi so recaptured the shyprim-
itive, It remains the finest`Am'erican
:architectural manumenit of their age,
You need not search 'for a:fav'oralble
rplo'lnit :from whlbch: to behold .the 'Brook-
lyn n 'Build . Seen. et
e on anyangle, it is
Y g g' ,
icourse, that it will never offer either 1180,000 dpossible combatants for the
the protection or the connfont that is defense of the houne country. To
provided by the fixed fortification. what level will this figure fail in the
tp'assege.
IThe chain is 'bi'oleen from 'Basle to
'Mont Blanc. Th ore are no defenses •oi
any kind. 'France, the friend of ISw!ilt-
zerlandl as she is of lBelgiun?, believes
(that the former :would _defend lvers.elf
like ,the +latter if ler neutrality was
violated But the •eleaitt ,begins again
at Ntton't 'Bl'an'c and extends across the
'Alps, to Nice, 'Here nature ,has taken.
upon herself to .build the 'greeter part
of the defenses. !Site has raised'' a 'gi-
,ga•ntic rocky :barrier pierced only by
a few 'bi taches: ,This barrier is in it-
self a'sufficien't dielense,'ancl as fbr'the
!breaches, 'which number' exactly 'tett
from ISwittze•r-liaaid to the ...Mediterran-
ean, it has 'been !found sufficient 'to
fortify six which do not 'lead to stra-
tegic .points by the simple means of
resltahlis'hin'g .mine containers 'to 'per
mit the rapid destruction oIf roads.
!and bridges on 'the 'way. 'The o't!her
Ifour,'ont the contrary, will he strongly'
barred, ' as .they lead s'•ti-aight to the
envied objective, Nice. ;('hese ,,valleys
will he Ibranisfor•med into a netwo.r''k of
,glliamp'ses from the :dock region olf the
lower East 'Slide, where the western
tower hangs like a vision above the
'low roofs and decks of Cherry Hill;
Where the el'ev'ated trains, 'doursing
dver'tho ru'nlway, move •through the air
with the swo'orp of a bird in flight, land
lose themselves in the gray and violet
ETHEL LE NEVE.
That is not the name by which she
is known in wetsern Australia, living
in a cramped' room looking out on the
Indian ocean' across which she fled
many years ago to escape the putblic's
glare after figuring in the . Crippen,
murder case which 's'hocked the world
in 119110, Ethel le !Neve is living in the
direst poverty under an :assumed name
—.and he'r'al'ias will remain a secret,
Though s'til'l young—she is only thir-
ty-eight—Ethel le Neve is greying
now and 'worn, for she has gone
through many vissicitudes since the
body of Belle 'Elmo -re Crippen was
found under the basement floor of a,
house in 'Camden Town,.+Lon'd'on,.
twenty-two years ago. "I only 'hope
that some one will be kind enough to'
regard me as something obher than
the sinning woman that t1 'have been
painted. I was an innocent girl of
sixteen arvhen I became D r. Crippen's
typist," she recalled. "He became in-
fatuated with me. He beat me. Yet I
loved 'him!? After Dr. Crippen was
sentenced to death for poisoning Mrs.
Crippen, Ethel le INeve was acquit-
ted of complicity in the Murder. To-
day she reiterates her .inrto'cen'ce, "Lit-
tle did d realise," she said, "on those
nights when I visited tDr. Crippen in
his London flat that under the base-
ment floor was the body of his 'wife.
Dr. Crippen had' told ''me .that he
would divorce her and marry me,"
"'Crippen," she said, "had a constant
premonition that'he -'would die for
me." Miss' le Neve recalled the' quirk
of fate that prevented their escape.
Crippen's arrest was one of the first'
in which wireless played apart. Wire-
less hard 'jest been installed' on the
steamer Montrase. S'u a panic, after
being questioned several bines by po-
licewife's dis'a disappearance,
lic about his
ePp ,
Crippen fled to the ICentinen!t and
there booked passage: on hoard this
boat for 'Canada. 'The .girl, !bl'i'ndly fol-
lowing his instructions to diskuise
herself as a boy, went with him. "Dr.
Crippen had been telling me the mar-
vels of this, new miracle of wireless
that had just been installed on the
Montrose. "Then, over this very wire-
less, came word from Scotland -yard
to arrest him. I, swear," she said,
"that I did not knoww halt he was
charged with until we were back in
England. Then I was horrified." Alf -
ter 'her acquittal M'iss' le Neve went ,to
India. She found, however, that her
nostriety followed her there, so she
soon left for •western Australia.
Everything that can contri'bu'te to years between 1934 -and 1939? To mists of the Broo'kly'n shore,
S'
•
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SEAFORTH, ONTARIO.
News
tr
Stewart's Disease of Corn.
Agricultural authorities are be--
co'ming concerned about 'Stewart's
Disease of Corn. This disease, so far,
is most serious in the Southern'
States, though it has penetrated as.
far north as Ontario. Damage of one
million dollars annually has been .re-
ported front Ohio. Last 'season 'tihe
disease ntade its appearance in : Nor
folk, Essex and Kent counties. Sweet
corn and the early -planted ,field var-
ieties
arieties seen' to he ;the most sttacep't
iblle. Once established it will live for
at least three years in the sell, de-
pending in weather conditions. bIild.
winters favour she disease,
A 'field may be attached any time
eetisern germination and tasseling
and a 'badly damaged plant tvilts,
turns yellowish, becomes stinted and
either there are no cobs or these are
sh'rivclletl. The whole 'heed has . the
appearance of bfeing hit by frost er
a severe draught and is often confused,
with these ,weather conditions:
A Remedy for E'ara'che.-ITo have
the earache is to endure torture; The"
ear is a delicate organ and few care
to deal with it, considering it work -
for a doctor. Dr Thorne's' Eclectt-ic•
Oil offers a simple remedy. A few
dropsupon a piece of lint or med'ioat-•
ed cotton and placed in the ear will de.
niucln in relieving' pain.
Send us the names orf your visitors..