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The Seaforth News, 1933-01-12, Page 7THURSDAY, JANUARY 12, 1933. THE SEAFORTH NEWS. PAGE SEVEN.. BAR',. AIN The Se...forth News Special Offer ---New and Renewal Yearly Subscriptions To Subscribers New or Old For the next few weeks the subscription to The Seaforth News is 50c a year, new or renewal. No matter when your subscription expires, subscribers will save by re- newing now. 50c a Year C A PROFIT-SHARING OFFER. The Seaforth News takes pleasure in making this very special offer of 50c a year. Rather than spend large sums of money in other ways, such as premiums or contests, The Seaforth News is giving every subscriber who is a . citizen of Huron. or Perth, this cash advan- tage. This offer is good for the next few weeks only. SNOWDON BROS. Publishers. Nov. 5, 1932. The Seaforth NeHrs D. H. McInnes chiropractor Of Wingham, will be at the Commercial Hotel, Seaforth Monday, Wednesday and Friday Afternoons Diseases of all kinds success. fully treated. Electricity used. 'Founded in 1900 A Canadian !Review of Reviews This 'weekly magazine offers 'a re- markabde ,seleetion of 'articles and car- taons gathered from the latest issues at the leading /British and .American journals and reviews. It reflects `the current thought of both hentfsiplheres on all 'world prdblemts. Beside this it has a department of finance , investment and insurance, and features covering literature and the arks, the progress of science, edu- cation, the house 'beautiful,` andwio- tnen's 'interests, Pts every page is a window to some ,fresh anis'ion Its every c'olulmn is a live -wire contact with life! 'WORLD WIDE is a FORUM SIM IItts` editors are chairmen, 'tot e'ofn- ba'tan'ts. itsarticles are selected for their outstanding merit, 'illumination and -entertainment. To sit d'o'wn in your own home tor a quiet tete a tete with sdme df the world's best intlornred and > clearest thinkers on, su'b'jects of vital 'interest is the great 'adiv'an!tage, ,w,ee'k 'by !wee'k, of those who give welcome to this entertaining !Magazine. "A magazine df whiich Canadians. may 'weld be in'oud " ".Literally, 'a feast of teas'om and a'flaw cif soul.'." "Almost every article is worth ring or sharing with a'friend." Every one of the pages df 'World Wide is 1100% interesting to Canadians. Issued Weekly 15 tits copy; $3.50 yearly On Trial to NEW subscribers 8 weeks only 35 ets net One Year " $2;00 " 1 00a trial in Montr''eal and sulbunbs, also in TlaS. add "llc for every week of service, nor other •foreign Countries' and 2 cts.)! 111 -IE SECOND POLAR YEAR: (Last stum'mer 'some 2150 scientists of thirty -.three nations officially began a systematic study of the earth's magnetism, atmosplheric electricity, earth currents, 'au'rorel displays, wea- ther and that intangible electrical mirror which is known as the 'Ken- nelly-lHeaviside layer and which makes it possible for us to send radio messages around the -world. "Second Polar Year" is the name by which this organized' international effort is known. Despite the world -'wide de- pression, some cif the 'poorest coun- tries have agreed to assume the ex- pense of sending out expeditions or engaging in work called for 'by the 'prograrrn-'evidence enough that the 'Second !Polar Year is an enterprise of the highest s'oientific importance. Vie United 'States has appropriated $30,000 to defray the cost of dbserva- tions that are to be made near Fair- banks, Alaska, Much larger sums have been ,set aside by some other governments: The list of countries that will mean stations in different pants of the world in!ctude Argehitina, Austria, Belgium, !Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Denmark, Great Britain, Es- tonia, "Falkland bsiands; Finland France, Germany, Hungary, IIcelanud, 'Italy, Japan, Mexico, Netherlands, .Norway, Poland, Spain, Sweden, (Switzerland, the Union of Soviet So- oialist Republics and 'Turkey. Even nations that do not appear on this list are not indifferent to the intgort- auce of the Second Polar Year. !Second Polar Year inplies a First Polar Year. In 1187,5..Lieu'tenant Karl IWieyprecht of the Austrian' Navy, who had achieved solmie distinction as an Arctic explorer, suggested that stations be established in high lati- tudes and that at these the weather and the electrical and magnetic tnane- festaitions of the atmosphere and the solid crust be studied for whole year by scientists of alt nations. There had been no systematic observation of phenomena Which, in Weyprech•t's opinion, were :,worthy .:of as much' at- tention in the interest of humanity as the new land that was claimed in the name of an ex'plorer's country. 'We eprecht's, prdposat resulllted in. the !First aPolar Year. In '1882-513 twelve expeditions stayed in the Arc- tic and two in the Antarcticfor a whole year to- make observations in accordance with a delflnite plan. 'Tlhie United States csta'blished, stations at (Point BarrovCtt'Atlaslea, and It .Fort Conger, Grout's Land; northwest of Greenland, Tit was at Fort ,Conger that the famous Greely 'Arctic eepeditioe settled -famous .chiefly because 'af the horrors that its members had to en- dure. Two-thirds of the party per- i ished of starvation, scurvy and cold. IMen were reduced to eating their !furs and shoes and to searching :dis- ttradtedly for miserable lichens and mosses that might be chewed. - Yet through alt these hardships the hand- ful cif sunvivons clung devotediy to threechess weighting in all fifty-five pound's — 'chests that contained the 'precious soienbtfic records made to carry out the American part of -the First Polar Year's program. The First 'Polar Year deserved its name. Its activities were conlfined to the polar regions. But the Second Polar Year will be devoted to warld,wide re- search. About 11:10 stations will parti- cipate !•n this year's program, and of these 56 are to be found in the tem- perate and torrid zones. T1he cabalistic charm that some numbers and inter- vals - of time exercise had certainly something to do with the'Sedond Po- lar Year. Lt is exactly fifty years since the First Polar Year was or- ganized. Whether or not it was un- densbood in 1882 that in halt a cen- tury another Polar` Year would con- tinue the work it is now hard to de- termine. Scientific periodicals, es- pecially those devoted to meteorology and terresbiail anagnetism,almost took it for granted that a Second Pular Year of scientific study would be arranged .by the nations.. The need of world-wide reseancli can be driven home by pointing out that we shall :never be able to forma - 'ate the principles of long -mange wea- ther forecasting, never fly, swiftly and, safely to Europe in airships and airplanes,, never absoiutela control the conditions under which we talk at1d telegraph across the ocean, never +.mderstand the auroral displays at the poles unless we 'study the earth and its - atmosphere as a whole, 'Science moves so rapidly that studies Will 'be made, during the ;Second Polar Year, of phenomena which' were unknown a halt century ago. ,Wlhen the 'First Polar Year began, in 1082, there Was no radio, 'there .had been no systemasic expioration of the atmosphere by sounding balloons; there were no airships and airplanes flying over the 'Pokes or anywhere 'else; and 'only a vague notion had come into being that sunspots had something to clo with our weather. In the development of new agencies o:f travel and -con- nurnication, discoveries were made that show ltow!-dependent is our tech - Meal progress on a better knowledge of the earth. There is the Kennelly - (Heaviside layer, layer, for example. What is it? An invisible mirror or what is 'called ionized air surrounding the earth at a height of 60 to 'perhaps 1150 miles—a mirror without which there could be no radio comu'nunication 'over vast distances. When Marconi first decided to send wireless .mess- ages acro's•s the ,Atlantic, there were many 'physicists who were sure he would fail. The globe is curved, it i was argued. On the other hand light waves—and radio waves are only invisible light waves — dart 'forth in straight lines. ;pt seemed logical to suppose that some of the radio waves those sent out horizontally—would inevitably strike a curved -'hump not very far out in the ocean and never reach the other at all. When Marconi, in 1901', sent signals standing for the letter "S" across the ocean, he proved that the waves followed the curva- ture of the earth. Dr, Kennelly, now of Harvard, and Dr. .Heaviside, an English ma't'hematical physicist show- ed independently that far above the earth there must be a layer of elec- trified particles .which deflects radio waves to their destinations and makes it possible for them even to travel around the earth. 'Six years ago the Carnegie -Insti- tute of 'Washington succeeded in ob- taining photographic :evidence of the layer's existence. But there was oth- er evidence that left no doubt. Eatery radio enthusiast discovers the Ken- nel1•y-Heaviside layer for himself. When he listens to music from a dis- tant station on a wave length of ,a hundred metres or less, it sometimes fades, only to be heard again in hull volume.'The fading is due to the Ken- nelly -Heaviside layer. "There is no reason to suppose that the layer - is not a fixture. I't may fall or rise fifty. miles in a .second. Itts reflecting po'w-' er is different by day and by night: Here is a problem that the scientislts, who are participating in the Second Polar Year'tn3i l study, - They must measure the layer's height if they can anddetermine why and how its height above the earth fluctuates. Radio waves will be sent up vertical- ly' so ertically''so that that they may be reflected 'back. The time that it takes to hear an echo will make it possible to cal collate the height of the layer; By this method it, has been discovered that there is not only a Kennelly -Heavi- side side Payer, which reflects the very long and m'oder'ately :.long waves from a height of perhaps sixty miles, but an upper layer, named after Professor !Appleton, who studied it carefully, whichsendback the short waves 'which are now being used in What is nailed beam transmission, as well as in other forms of transatlantic com- munication. Ilt is supposed that ultra- violet light from the sun electrifies the upper Appleton layer and that the properties of the lower or Kennelly Heaviside layer are due to electrons. But suppositious are not knowledge. Hence the need of scientific study at Tromso and elsewhere. IMoreover, the question remains to be answered Whether there is any, con- nection between .the aurora and these two layers. Radio messages take the shortest path. When we send a tele- gram through the ether to Manilla, the waves that carry the signals will, of course, travel .in every direction, but those detected. at Manilla will have travelled along a great circle Ifalways the shortest pa'th on a globe), and tenon by way of Alaska in those high latitudes where disturb- ances in the reflecting layers seem es- pecially likely to occur. Not only sci- ence but the business man: accustomed to send radio messages to distant countries is therefore likely to profit by the researches that will be coln- ducted in this Second Polar Year. In- timately connected with the radio - reflecting layers of the atmosphere is the aurora, an electrical manifestat`on During the Second' Polar Year phis- tographs'will be made at virtually every station in very 'high latitudes and other observations elsewhere -- even even .in the tropics, where, strange as it may seem, faint auroras are oc- casionally seen. For the first time the same auroral display will be studied all over the earth, so far as 'that is possible. Thus scientists hope to de- termine just how the earth's magnetic field imtluences the distribution of an, aurora. Then there is the question: What causes an aurora ? There are 'theories, but they need yerilflcation After radioactivity was discovered and the electron theory formulated, physicists saw' in the aurora lumin- ous effects due to the alpha particles given off by radium or to electrons in a state of excitement. Alpha parti- cles are helium nuclei. Renee it will be the duty of the'Seoud Polar Year .physicists to look for evidence of helium far up in the atmosphere, There is some relation between aur- oras and the sun. But watching the sun's surface is part, of the routine of half a doze astronomical observa- tories. Corr latton of sunspots and RNEOhIATISM New Medicine Drives Out Poisons, That Cause Torturing 'Stiffness, 'Swelling and 'Lameness 'EASES 'PAIN FIRST, DAY You cannot geit rid of rheitma ie aches and Nana, N e u r itis, it' lame ltuiotted tnuselles an'd stiff swollen joints till you drive from your system the irritating poisons that cause rhea- nratislm, ;Enuteraal treatments only give temporary relief. (What you need is 'RU-M'A, the new internal medicine that acts on the liver, ;kidneys ;and 'blood and •expels th'ronigh the natural channels of 'elim. iiation,,these d-angerous ;poisons. INo long wgaitimg afor your stiffening to stop-- tR(U-MIA eases pain 'first day —arid so quickly 'and safely end stif- fening, crippling lameness and tortur- ing pain that-+Ohas. Alberhart urges every , rheumatic sufferer to get a bottle today. 'They guarantee it. auroral 'displays will not be difficult. 'Because the Kennelly -+Heaviside' lay- er and the aurora. occupy the same layer of the upper atmosphere it al- most followsthat there must be some connection 'between the - two. This supposition is strengthened by the fact that both are affected by sun- spot' activity, It remains for the Sec- ond Polar Year, if possible, to sub- stitute facts for -what seem to be fair assumptions. Auroras are inseparable from magnetic storms. To most of us storms suggest howling winds, :pelt- ing rain, driving snow, lightning and the roll of thunder. These - magnetic stormsare imperceptible to us, yet time and time again they have trade ,communication with Europe. impos- sible. Associated with them are earth currents, Magnetic disturbances and - earth currents have a decided effect on the compass. Originally they werethe subject of scientific concern, because of the importance of the compass to mariners. Now we have not only radio and its relation to the earth's magnetism to consider. but also, strange to say, oil -prospecting The compass is one of the -indispensable instruments in finding oil in the mod- ern way. I•ts variations are as import- ant to geologists in Texas as to the captains of ocean liners. So ;t hap- pens that auroras and magnetic storms and earth curren'ts in this Sec- ond Polar Year loon even larger than they did fifty years ago. There will be systematic exlplorations of the up- per air with kites and sounding bal- loons. Instruments will be sent aloft which will automatically write down the story of 'their impressions - in other words, temperatures, baro- metric pressures and wind velocities, Balloons filled with pure hydrogen nava reached .a heig'h't of more than twenty miles' and have already re- vealed far more about the strato- sphere than Piccard did in his 'fam- ous acsent of about 52,000 feet. As they rise the (balloons expand. Finally they burst, and the instruments float , to the ground, aided by -a para ahulte, They are tagged, and a reward is offered for their return. The :weaith- er observations made near the Poles will be supplemented by the ordinary work of regular meteorological olb- senvatories all over the globe. 'Thus a .fairly 'complete map of world weat- her will be made for a whole year. The day of the rough-and-ready mariner, the 'leader of men, bent chiefly on discovering new land ` 'and 'perhaps 'wealth ,for his (king is over, Other fields remain to .be explored by those Who thirst for adlventure But the adventurers must :have not only courage and hardihood 'but scientific training and knowledge. SOLAR UNITS BORN T OGETIH'E'R IA new idea of how the world be- gan—that 'sun, moon, earth and other planets all were born at once from a whirling "edify" in the spinning mass of gas that was the parent of. the milky may—was advanced be- fore the .American A'ssociation' for tite Advancemte;nit of Science. The theory, which isuggests thlat earth, sun and mb'o,n all are of the same .age, instead.. of the noon img been gulled -off 'from the earth and the earth from the sun by tidal forces, was pub forth by Dr. Harlow 'Shapley. IIt -means ;that the whole solar system consists of 'fragments of a swkl'.of gaseous or Perhaps liiqui.d. matter ,thrown off to one side like an eddy on a river's edge from a huge shining mass of ' hot .material :that later is believed to halvecondensed' into the ,countless millions of stars that make up our "milky way ,galaxy" or "local tr,ni- verse. Douglas' Egyptian -'(Liniment, al- ways quick, always certain 'Stops bleeding instantly. 'Cauterizes wounds and ,prevents ,blood poisoning. Splend- id for mus,eular rheumatism. Want and For Sale Adis. 1 time, 25c.