Loading...
HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe Seaforth News, 1932-01-21, Page 3THURSDAY, JAN'U'ARY 21, 1932. THE SEAFORTH NEWS. OUR PLACE IN NATURE. 'Wihereis matt pllacedin -the ani- mal kiegdiom today? 111a is obviously. a mammal, that is, he ',stands in ea' actly the same group • as rabbits and. mice and cats •and •clog's and horses and cattle, which all have hair, are, born in a fairly advance condition— not simply laid as eggs --sand Which are all suckled by their mothers af- ter'birth. There are, of course, many more chareators 'which we have in common 'with the other mammals. :Cite are d'ivided into var ious orders; Iqr insltance, the rodents, (th e gnawing, animals, rab'bits and trice andguinea-pigs), tine varnivor ous ,('llesl-eating animal's, dike cats and dogs), and'the tusgullate's (the hoofed animals, like 'hors'es and chin oceroses and cattle and' sheep and camels .and giraffe's). Iibtan quite delfin- itely belongs to the same order as the monkeys, the odder ,of Primates— Mammal's with nail's on their fingers instead !of . hoofs or claws, with two teeth on each •ai'de of each jaw +before you come to the canines, with the eye \surrounded 'by a ring o'f bone, with ` wefldevdlolped ,collar -banes, nearly always ten fingers and ten toes, . the. thumb being op'posable to the other lingers, and. with two mil'k_g]'an'dls an the chest. INow, where does he stand among the primates? First o'f all we can sep- arate off the lemurs, and say ,defin- itely that he does not belong there. The lemurs are primates all right, but very primitive ones,- with rather foxy faces, 'quite unlike monkeys in exter- nal appearance. Not counting the femurs, we have five families 'of pri- mates. Those .are 'the marmosets, South American mon'key's, 'Old World monkeys, the 'apes and men. By the apes I mean the gibbons, orang-titan, chhnpanzee and gorilla. Some of the monkeys are often called apes, but I fhlnk it is !beset to restrict the term in this way. Now, to which of the other families is man most closely allied? Not ;to the marmosets, obvi'ous'ly, for they are very, peculiar little' primates which cannot oplpose their thumbs to their fingers and have claws on most o'f their toes and ;fingers instead of nails. The South American monkeys, that is to say, the monkeys with pre- hensile tails, are very different from man. The usual' organ -grin'der's mon- key is one of these. Look at their widely -separated nostrils, and if you can get hold of a skull, count the teeth. You 'will find they have six grinding teeth on, each side of each jaw. The Old World monkeys, with non -prehensile tails, are much more like man, for their nostrils. are close together, and they have (five grinding teeth an each side of each jaw, just as me have. But then they have cer- tain' striking differences. Their grind- ing teeth are elongated from front to 'back, something like a dog's back teeth, instead of being squaris'h, as owns are. Also many of them have curious swellings on 'their buttocks, Vel and many have pouches in their cheeks in which they' store food. Then again, their breast -'bone is narrow and they are blessed by having no appen- dix, and they usually have tails. II have' mentioned a lot of ways in which ._the O'14 World monkeys differ from man, and en everyone of these points the apes resemble man. There' can be no doubt from convparative anatomy that the apes are closer to man than any other animals. We may not like to 'come next to the gorilla, chimpanzee; orang-utan, and gi'b'bon, but in our anatomy we undoubtedly do. The apes 'resemble us in having squarish grinding -teeth, a broad breast-lrone, an ap'pend'ix, no swell- ings , on the 'bu'tto'oks, no chee,k- pouches and no tail. ,Further, they of- ten Walk, on their hind legs, and the gibbon 'wa'lks absolutely erect. We do net come in the -same fam- ily as the apes, because we do differ from. tt'em in. certain important re- spects. 'First and 'foremoat we have our big toe, which, as its name in- dicates, is the largest of our toes, w'hic'h jt • never is in the ape's. (Then our big toe cannot o't be apposed to other toes, our legs are longer., than our. arms, •our jaws 'stick forward less, whileour chin instead c sacks forward instead o'f receding our canine teeth do not project beyond the others we have not ,got great bony ridge's above aur eyes, we have far less hair, and last, but by no means least, our brainis very "much bigger. Of course, there are other ,differences as well. These differences suffice to ,,lace us in, a separate family, but probably we are• more closely allied to the •apes than the „apes are to the 'Old World nion- keys. Does mas's body work in im,cls the sane way as that of apes, or are there radical differences, which show that man is not so closely allied to thein as their anatomy 'would make us think A lot of work has 'been done on this subject recently, but it is quite incomplete as yet, simply be- cause it is so very difficult and ex- pensive to use apes, as laboratory ane- mal's.. First of all 'consider the ques- tion of gout, If you happen to halve gout, it may make it sl'igh'tly better to know how' interesting it is, You H.& S. CLUB A FRESH CoW. THE, FRIENDLY CHILDREN. PINK AND WHITE, I LOVE WiTH ALL MY HEART: AND I'LL BE MILKED WITH ALL MY MIGHT, To KEEP THEM VERY. SMART. (Editor's Note.—Not having heard from The News' bud'd'ing artist for some ,time, it was . thought he, had gone to seed, but here he is in full bloom in this warm January weather.)' know that gout is caused by uric acid, which has a horrible way of collect- ing in joints, Now what is this uric acid? 11 is a product of the nuclei olf the 'cells which you eat, of the nuclei of the cells o'f your own body. All mammals make uric acid in their bodies, but most of them turn about half of, it into another sustance, ca'1- ed allantoin, which does not accumu- late in joints. The Old World mon- keys do this and so they are most unlikely to suffer ' from gout. But man has no capacity whatever of changing uric acid into anything else, and so it must either be excret- ed as such or else stored up in the joints' in a most painful manner. I think no one has studied the gorilla or orang-utan in this connection, hut Hunter has studied the chimpanzee, and he has found that it exactly re- sembles man and differs from the Old World monkeys. It has no .capa- city,,of changing uric acid into allan- toin. This is a confirmation of our conclusion from anatomy that man is more ciose1' allied to the apes than the apes are to 'monkeys. Now let us take another branch of p'hysiol'ogy and see how man ,con- pares with apes. Do you happen ever to have given blood to someone else by broad -transfusion, 2 If you have, you will remember that it is not everyone who has the right sort olf blood to give to the person who happens to need it. Df you have the wrong sort of blood for a certain pa- tient, then his blood will detstroy the bllood corpuscles which you give him. Your blood corpuscles will all stick together in clumps an'd finally degen- erate, and they will 'not be of any use to him. (Nevertheless, your blood may be perfectly suitable for trans- fusion into somebody else's, and' if you are in argent need of blood your- self one day, then the salving of your life by blood-,trans!fusion will depend on knowledge gained in experiments like the 'one's I .am going to describe. These actual experiments were per- formed in America by Landsteiner and Miller not many years ago. Suppose you take some blood of a macaque monkey ('an ordinary sort of 011d 'World monkey) and inject it in- to a rabbit. What happens? : "The blood of the rabbit gets the property of being a'b'le to make macaque blood- corpuscles stick together. You can take some of this ra'bbit's blood and, even if' you /dilute it enrormously, it still possesses this power of am'Cking macaque blood corpuscles, stick to- gether. It has the same effect on ba- boon. ib1oo'd• 'Now macaques an'd ba; - boon's ere rather closely related. They are in the same family. So 'perhaps it is not very sur,,prising that their blood caasp:males (behave in tie +s'am'e way when put into this rab'b'it's blood. Even, when enormously 'diluted, this rabbit's blood causes baboon blood corpuscles to stick together. (What about chimpanzee blood? Let us take some of it and mix it with some blood from the same rabbit as before, which was previously inject- ed with macaque blood. Now; what happens? Will it cause the chimpan- zee's lb'lood- ,corpuscles to stick to- gether? Scarcely at all. 4t is clear that chim'panzee's 'blood is very dif- ferent from that of the macaque and baboon. IWdiat about :human blood? It is the same as with the "chinspan- zee's. The rabbit's blood'', which is fatal to the blood corpuscles of the macaque an'd baboon, .has scarcely any, effect, So it is clear that in 'their UR —E$'THAT iUDGETS BE PARED DOWN. Prenmier. Henry has issued an appeal, to ail Ontario municipalities to cut out all unnecessary expenditures from their budgets. The premier said there was 'a pos- sibility that the decline in Provincial Government revenues experienced during 1931 might be repeated dur- ing the present year. I -le urged school boards to scrutinize all proposed ex- penditures and eliminate those which were not essential to the mainten- ance of the .present standard of edu- cation in the province. Highways ex- penditures, he said, would also hare to be reduced. The (Premier's statement is as fol- 1bws:1N F'bile Ontario continues to oc- cupy a sound and comparatively fav- orable position in the midst of the fi- nancial difficulties through which the civilized world is passing, there ex- ists at the same time a raced+'for the exercise of close supervision over pu'b'lic expenditures, particularly hav- ing ;in mind the extreme desirability of balancing our budgets and curtail- ing expenditures that the limits of actual' revenues will not be exceeded, `'A•s intimated by Colonel Price, the Attorney -(General, while he was Acting Prime Minister in my ab- sence, the Government is undertak- ing to economize in every way that is consistent with its responsibilities. The serious decline in revenue was one of our problems during the fis- cal year of 19'3'1, and we feel this same decline will be felt, perhaps with more intensity, during our pres- ent year. As much of our expendi- ture is con'tingen't upon percentages and grants that we pay to various mu- nicipal bodies and school boar'd's, it is essential, now that councils are being organized and the school boards be- ginning to function, that every et - fact should' be made to cut out all frills, or non -essentials, in the admin- istration df .public bodies. "There are various reasons why the expenditure of recent years has mounted to its present proportions. All of the people have 'been enthus- iastically behind public bodies in ex - blood reactions man and the chimpan- penditure and deunanding expansion zee are equally dietagitly related, to of services. With the present finan- cial condition, and the inability the macaque and baboon, of There is one way in which man def- many taxpayers to meet their obliga- tions, very much 'from most wild ani— mals, and that is in not having a on the part of all public bodies to re - breeding -season. It is brie, of course, lieve as much as possible the bbrden that more births 'occur at one time Of on the taxpayer. year than another, and this is espe'ci- "As As fa'r as rural Ontario is concern - ally so among the E'skim'os, but on ed, possibly the two items in relation the whole we can say that the human to roads and to schools are ses:pon- sible race is .without a special season. This for more of our present tax bur - was thought to be a peculiarity of den than any other. As Minister of man, and perhaps a result of what Educa'tio'n, I am issuing this special we might call •db'me's'ticatioin. Several appeal to ell school boards to think domestic animals have lost their carefully of all 'types of expenditure breedting season as a result of domes - and only undertake for the present tication. The cow and the. pig breed only those that are essential. Natural - all the year round, 'but their wild; Tele- I ani not .desirous of lowering' the tions do not Mr. Zuckerman'n has standard of education, - I trust that that will be the view of the trustees been 'looking into this matter lately, and ratepayers genetaily throughout and he has come to the ,conclusion the entire province. • that man, after all, is not so peculiar '"Wirth r vide . to road's, in rela- in not having a breeding season, be- tion to the municipalities and county cause he fiindat'that many Ord "World ucouncils, drastic cuts cam: for - the present be made without serious de- triment, as roads have been brought generally to a high standard, and reasonable repair and m'ainttenance should keep then' in good condition. "In this connection I may.mention that the !highways department in the last six months of 1931, cut its main- tenance exipenditure on the King's Highiways over half' a million dollars. As the counties' are responsible for 20 per cent of King's highways' ex- penditures this means a saving to the organized counties' of at least $100,- 000. There is also a corresponding relief to the urban centres which are contributing to suburban sections of the King''s highway system. "Municipal councils generally throughout the province are earning, 40 per cent of their entire road ex - `nionitey's have mot got one, but just `breed at any time, so that young ones are being produced at all time's of the year. Science does not consist of opin- ions, but of demonstrable facts, and I hope that if you think you are going to be interested in this series you will try to get a zoo or a -museum. Do not try to make minute examinations of skulls and learn the names of the bones, but do have a;look at, the gen- eral 'shape 'cif a goril'la's or chimpan- zee's skull and dohn'pare it with, a man's. (Notice the huge ridges over the eyes in, the gorilla's or 'chimpais- zee's, and' .the sloping forehead and receding chin and the projecting can- ine teeth. Comp'are those with the. corresponding parts of a human skull. High Class PrinIin; We can give you prompt and satisfactory service at a moderate price in the following lines of printing: - Letterheads Envelopes Statements. Bill -heads. Private Cheques Circulars Tags Cards Tickets Sale Bills Dodgers Menus Factory Forms Society Stationery Blotters Booklets Business Cards Visiting Cards Wedding Station- ery Invitations The News has an up-to-date commercial printing plant and we are equipped to turn out all classes of job work. Give us a call. We have a new automatic press with great speed, recently installed to produce printing, well done, with speed, and at mod- erate cost. THE $E7IeoRrH DEM PAGE THREE A subscriber has forwarded to The News, some old newspaper clippings believed to have :been saved up by an uncle who spent some, years on the Great Lakes. In passing, it is worth noting that January, 1932, has wit- nessed the first shipwreck ever re- corded on the lakes in mid-1January, a boat having been lost near King- ston; also, a boat passed through the Sault locks for the first !time in Janu- ary. ,k e * The first story, a recollection of the "S.S. Ploughboy" of 1864, follows: The life of a sailor is never monot onous, clock 'work repetition of doing to -day 'what he did, yesterday. Thnihl- tug escape's and, a hazardous life is what he 'c'onsiitlers his p:ortion, and though it is generally believed that the sailor's life on the Great Lakes, is a 'less perilous 'one than that whieh those on ocean going vessels are call- ed upon to 'face, the 'truth is, that there is enough of the adventurous in the ordinary !Great Lakes 'sailors' life to 'nmlee material !for many a novel II'n the days of ]the sailing craft this was even mole true, and the old sail- ors, belonging primarily and princip- ally to :those days, 'had 'a [fund of stor- ies that were doubtless well worth listening to. In one very close escape from drowning; or perhaps starving, was an 'experience undergone 'by 'ivir. James [Cochrane of 'Grey County, and that 'was the wreck, or at least : the last trip of the Steamer ,Ploughboy, The occasion referred to 'was when the steamer was carrying an .excur- sion party to Sault Ste. lvfarie, in the year 1d64. The Ploughboy was a side-wheeler, owned in Detroit, although a nu'tnber of Ontario men were interested' in her. 'She was capable Of carrying fif- ty or sixty passengers' and' in the year .1864 -her regular run was from [Georgian May to the North Shore and !Sault Ste. 'Marie. On her last trip she carried an excursion party and had •avery cabin oocupied.'S'ome of the well ,known Grey ,County people a- 'board were, besides Mr. 'Cochrane, the late Mr, and 'Mrs. (Roy, of Royston Park, Sarawak, the late Henry Ken- nedy, the late Allexander ,Fraser, 'a prosperous young farmer from Sul- livan, and a number of others, 'whose names have been ` forgotten fu; the years that have slipped' away since the affair occurred. Her captain was 'Robert ''McClean, 'lon'g since deceased, her mate was' his brother, Duncan McClean. The purser's name was 'Parker, and 'perhaps the mast promi- nent member of the crew, though he was only a .deck hand, was known, as IB'ouchie. He Was not .o'n'ly _famous,. but 'feared, and 'because the part he had 'played in what could only be de- signated as foul murder lay its this past no further baok than a moiuth, he was a figure Of interest on the boats. peunditwre front the province, and we are looking to these councils, by cur- tailing their road expenditure this year, to relieve their own taxpayers and the province in its percentage. ' It is the intention of the Hon. Mr. Macaulay, minister of highways to call a conference in Toronto o'f repre- sentatives from . the - various - county councils after their ,organization in the latter part of this month, so that we may set out specifically the need for curtailment in road expenditure ' and also our, plans for retrenchment in the Kin'g''s .highway system. an view of the vast improvement to our road's in the last eight or teas years I feel that the public will not criticize us in this effort' Asthma; Victims. The man or woman subject to astlnma is indeed a victim. . What can be more terrifying than to suddenly be seized with par- oxysms of choking which seem to fairly threaten the existence of life it- self. From .such a condition Dr, J. D. !Kellogg's As'thtna Remedy has brought many do completely restored health and happiness It is known and. prized., in every, seetibn of this 'broad land.` • place )tt the boat on the ,previous trip. IWith this, engrossing topic to pro- vide conversation for even the most silent ones, and fair and cloudl'ess weather, the 'passengers were able to enjoy the trip a's fully as they could. The boat called at 'Bruce 'Mines and then went an to the Sault, which, af- tar a short stay she lelt,on the re- turn journey. Again she called a't ,Bruce bIines, and at midnight, •which: seemed an unfortuante hour for the vessel, was in the middle of Big Channel, The accident which dead to the ensuing tragedy was caused' by the strap connecting the walking beam with the pistons rod 'breaking and 'the piston crashed ;thrau'gh the crown; of the cylinder. The broken strap: going through the skylight struck the ta�'ble in the dining -room, which was below deck, with ,sleeping berths on each side of the table, made a feartful rack- et, and the s'oun'd of the escaping steam was thought by many to be water rushing in. 'Ins a moment every passenger Was out of his or her berth and rushing for the deck, The officers were able to' satisfy them as 10 the nature of the accident and when the truth wa's learned many return'e'd to their berths, though as is usual in such cases ,a number of the more ner- vous ones stayed up Inc'the remainder of the night. The anchor, meanwhile, was in cast in deep water, and it being ,found that De Tour was the nearest port, a boast was despatched to bring baok a tug- to ugto take the Ploughboy to 'Golding - Wood. The boat was well equipped and had a new sail. I1 was in charge o'f the 'Mate, ,Duncan McClean, and -the purser, and the .secoeld wheels- man, and the redoubtable Bouehie with another deckhand, were the crew. The boat deft at four o'clock in the morning and immediately after- wards another was manned to go to LaCloche for provisions and pulled away at six o'clock. The story in which he figured was one whose outcome was only a small incident in the many' curious and mysterious ,ones' told. Iln July re- ports Of trouble on the North Shore were carried to Ottawa. at was in coaancejion with certain, Tends over which there was considerable dispute and a Go'vennmcnt agent was sent 'frons the Crdwn ,Land'§ IDop'arthsent to look into the matter •anal report.: 'He came to Goilingw.00d and caught the Ploughboy on her regular trip up the Lake's, but never reached the end' of his journey. 'The night on which he was on board being clear and soft,' he had sat on deck for some time, .con- versing with passengers and the of- fivers of the ship. 'Being' a victim of insomnia Inc ldid .,not retire when •the others and was scen'by one Of the men on watch smoking a last pipe, about .midnight. ' As the lookout man sighted Lonely Island ,h'e heard a splash and a minute laiterWards a cry of "man overboard" from 'the engin- eer, iso I w as it ha ened was stand- ing Ap st d ing at a hatchway when the 'body hurtled past'him. Upon investigation it was found .that the unfortunate man was the agent, and it strongly suspected, though there was not sulf- ficient 'evidence to work upon, that Bouchie, had stunned hint and !thrown hint overboard. The body 'was never recovered so that no evidence from that [source ,could ever he produced. The story created !quite a stir in the vicinity when it was known and ,the passengers aboard tete boat on this excursion in 'the early part of August were of course familiar 'with it and discussed it fully, and -doubtless had many a surrep'tions look at the sus- pected sai'loo.r,,and ' 'a ,few qualms as he carte in anore or less c'ont'act with thein. This interest, was heightened by the fact that: among the passen Igers were two nen, who, it -was speedily discovered, were a constable and detective sent up to 'make en- quiries into the affair which had taken The sea, meanwhile, had been .per- fectly calm, but about eight o'clock a strong 'breeze sprang up and by ten o'clock there was a howling storm. Among the passengers there were a goodly number of ladies and the tossing of the powerless boat was not exactly .comforting, so that there were a good many miserable people be- fore long. There was a party of Am- ericans on board who had been en- gaged in the war, and Mr. Cochrane remarked that whatever they may have been like as soldiers, they did not prove to be 'fearless sailors. The storm did not abate, and the next midnight found everyone with a life -,preserver about them and life - rafts ready to be lowered. ,There 'seem- ed indeed to' be great :danger, for the, seas were exceptionally high. During' 'the storm they were going over the upper deck. The saloon, for or course every boat in those days had a bar was on this deck, and one wave 'burst the doors in and on its retreat took with it two kegs of ale. The loss of the latter was sincerely mourn- ed. About midnight tete boat dragged anchor, fast enough to steer her, and did not stick until .she was near - a high . clay bank. The wind went down about this time and ahe morn -- ins dawned, bright and clear. There was no sign of a rescuer in sight and the passengers could d'o nothing but wait. About eleven, two row boats were sighted coming tow- ards the stranded vessel and ?when. the 'occupants were descried it Was: seen that the mate was in one, with no trace of the others. He appeared to be in a weakened condition and was 'burned down and haggard. When he reached the deck his . brother, the Captain, approached hint, "Where are the rest, !Duncan?" , he said. And the mate's sorrowful replly was, "A•li gone.'? [W'h'en he was partly recover-• ed he gave in detail the story of the.. experiences undergone, 'by the occup- ants of his boat, since they Had lecft, the 3?iough'boy. THE MATE'S STORY. (After the 'boat with its five men left' the ship they tirade good headway, and were able to use the sail all the way. At about eight 'o'clock, they headed [for an island, intending to land arid get breakfast. Bouchie had ho11d of the sail line. The urate mw a squall coming and called to him to let go the line, but for some reason he did not, and in the next instant the 'b'o'at was \up'se't, As nothing was fastened in, all the provision's and other articles were 'lost. 'The mate, who could not Swint, hung onto: an oar, a'tvtl managed to unship the mast and right the ,boat. The rest of ,[the crew ,Who Could' all swim, got in, but there was nothing with which to bail out the boat. The squall: that had (Continued on Page. Seven,)l