HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe Seaforth News, 1949-07-21, Page 7COOLING OFF PERIOD—Pandora, baby chimpanzee at the
Philadelphia Zoo, sneers at the thermometer while attacking the
summer heat on two fronts, When the mercury climbed, so did
Pandora—right up on a cake of ice. The ice cream pop also helped
her keep her mind of the heat. •
TIILFMM I'RONI
Jokzi2u4ea
HOW TO SOLDER
The more machinery and equip-
ment that is added to a farm, and
more conveniences there are itt a
farm home, the more necessary it
beoones for a farther to know
something about soldering. So to -
flay I am going to pass along to you
some insh•uctfons from an expert
on the subject, told in simple lan-
guage.
Although you can probably do
sinall jobs with less equipment, the
following items make solderingg eas-
ier—flux, blowtorch, grooved' brick,
soldering copper, seraper file, tin -
snips,' bar solder and wire solder.
For simple jobs you can get
along with a one -quart blowtorch.
Fill the fuel chamber about two-
thirds lull with clean gasoline
through the filler plug in bottom.
Next pump air into the. chamber;
ten or twenty strokes will usually
give enough air pressure to force
gasoline out,
Hold the ,torch so gasoline will
flow into the generatdr cup. Aa
soon as the cup is filled, shut the
needle valve, dry your hands, and
light gasoline in the generator eup.
As soon as the gasoline fire goes
out, open needle valve and ignite
the gasoline vapor. Adjust needle
valve to give a bluish flame about
four inches. long. Heat soldering
sapper by putting it on the solder-
ing eopper holder with the copper
part in the flame.
A plain brick with a grove hol-
lowed out in one face can be used
for tinning copper, Melt some sol-
der and resin itt the groove. -Then
eopper should be rubbed in groove.
A two -pound (four pounds per
pair) soldering copper will be about
the right weight for most jobs. A
lighter copper is easier to handle
but loses heat too fast. A scraper
can be made by heating an old
worn-out file, bending it at right
angles -about three-quarters of an
inch from the end, and then eliarp-
ening this bent end.
The most common solder, called
"half-and-half," is composed of equal
parts of lead and tin. It comes in
bars, solid wire, hollow wire with
flux core, and ribbon. Bar solder
is • usually more economical, but
for small jobs acid or paste core
solder is more convenient.
One of the first things to do in
soldering is to clean parts to be sol-
dered, Thisyou can do by scraping,
filing, rubbing with steel wool or
emery cloth, or by using fluxes,
You may have to do all four. When
metal is heated it oxidizes rapidly.
For that reason a flux is used to .re-
move this oxide just at the instant
you solder,
Soldering fluxes can be had in
liquid, powder or paste form, Pastes
are sold under various trade names,
and are easy to apply and usually
less messy than liquid !luxes. Muri-
atic acid diluted with equal parts
51 water is satisfactory for iron
• or zinc; but be careful not to get
any on your hands or clothes.
Zinc chloride, known as "cut
acid," is another common liquid
Rex. Make it by dissolving pieces
of zinc in nnui'iatic (hydrochloric)
acid, Zinc should be added a little
at a tithe into a s•ntall, wide-motithed
bottled or porcelain dish until some
of the zinc remains undissovled. Be
sure to add the zinc slowly; ifyou
don't the heat may break the dish.
Adding two heaping teaspoonfuls
of sal ammoniac 10 each pint of
zinc chloride sonttimes helps. For
electrical work, zinc chloride should
be neutralized by adding one part
ammonia and one part water to
each three parts of acid.
Powdered resin makes a good
flux for lead, tin plate, galvanized
iron sad -aluminum, Tallow is a
good dux for soldering lead. Do not
use more flux than necessary, Be
oareful not to get flux on parts not
to be soldered, as many fluxes are
eorrosive.
A new or unused soldering cop-
per will need to be, tinned before
using, Heat the copper to nearly red
!teat. Clean all sides of the copper
with a file, sandpaper or scraper.
Do not file more than necessary,
and do not use file at all unless
necessary to clean and shape the
copper. Rub copper on flux or
dip it itt the soldering. acid. Rub
copper over piece of solder or rub
solder on copper.
If solder does not stick to the
copper, melt a little solder on a
tin plate and rub end of copper on
tin plate with.force. Alternate rub-
bing on solder and dipping itt flux
will give the copper a Coating of
solder for about an inch or more
from end. Wipecopper with a piece
of damp waste just as soon as it
ii tinned.
Tc heat a soldering iron with a
blow torch, place whole end of iron
in flame. As soon as the iron is hot -
enough, pull it out of flame. If
copper is heated too hot, tinning
will melt off. 10 copper is too cold,
solder will not flow smoothly, Right
heat for the copper varies with the
work. Very little heat is needed
for lead or zinc. Meditun heat is
hest for iron or tin. A hot copper
is used for brass or copper. When
using soldering iron, hold flat face
of iron, not the point, against met-
al being soldered.
RUNNING SEMIS: Clean sue.
faces to be joined. Apply flux. Piele
up solder on copper and draw cop-
per down along seats. If heavy
seams are being run, -instead of
picking up solder on copp8i hold
stick of solder on tip of copper
near end and, as it melts, move
copper along seam. To get best re-
sults, seam should be hot. Heating
is done as soldering copper is drawn
down seam. As copper cools, handle
of soldering copper should be low-
ered, ,•,thus bringing more heat to
the seam. The work may be smooth
ed by applying more flux to sol-
dered seam and passing hot copper
lengthwise over seam,
TO SOLDER WIRES. Cleans
iitsulation'from ends of wires to bit
soldered and scrape ends until
bright. Place ends parallel to one
another. Starting at middle of
cleansed part, wrap ends around
each other, wrapping one end to
the left and the other to the eight.
.Hold hot copper under twisted patit
'and apply flux Then Melt tap sol-
der from solder baa' with twee!.
and apply to twisted part until to
;pales between wires are: 1Bled. Ap-
F,;,aw Re,:,llze Costs
Of Train Operation
bit Canada, more people travel by
train than by any other traneporta-
tlon •service, and yet; only a trifling
portion of those. who use the rail-
ways have any conception of the
• !lige costs involved In the construe-
tioii and upkeep of these lines.
Alongside the Canadian National
Railways' track, runs the company's
telegraph system. There are ' ap-
proximately 36 poles to a mile, and
these, along with the wire which
they support, cost an average of
$800.00 per mile,
A 39 -ft. rail of 100 pound weight
(100 pounds for every three feet)
costs $50.00. Thus, one mile brings
bhe price up to $18;550.00. The ties,
which support the rails, cost $2.34
apiece and there are approximately
2,850 ties to one anile of track.
Spikes, which are used for fasten-
ing the rails to the ties, are worth
four cents each, There are 13,00(1
spikes used for every mile.
These items alone bring the cost
per utile to $23,770.00 without tale
ing into consideration, grading, bat=
lasting, bridges, stations, signals,
switches, tie plates and other ex-
penditures which bring the total
much higher. Nor does it include
the cost of labour, upkeep, nor the
original price of the land. The Can-
adian National Railways operates
24,178 utiles of first line track.
The upkeep of trains is also very
large. For example, the C.N.R. has
one train cailed "The Continental
Limited" }which operates daily be-
tween Vancouver and Torontotoe
tweets Montreal and Vancouver and
Toronto and Vancouver, The min-
imum consist of this train is; 1
locomotive; 1 express car; 1 bag-
gage car; 2 day coaches; 1 diner;
1 tourist car; 2 sleeping cars; I ob-
servation car, Sixteen trains are
needed to maintain this daily ser-
vice and the cost of one such train
-is $1.481,800, Thus to operate only
this one of 'its many regular- ser-
vices, the .C,N.R. has to keep al
feast $23,708,800 tied up in equip-
ment. Actually this sum is much
higher because locomotives have to
be changed at stated intervals and
the length of the train often in-
creases as cars are taken ole to per-
form local on connecting services -
Now The Horses
Are Wearing Nylons
Wildly kicking longhorns at the
world-famous Calgary stampede this
year are expected to be roped with
nylon Lariats, Bucking horses will
wear nylon bridles and their saddles
fitted with nylon girths.
This news comes from High River,
Alberta, where all enterprising
couple—Mr. and Mrs. Hope Hunter
— have gone into the business of
hand -braiding western riding equip-
ment of nylon — the same etuff that
goes into staking those ultra -sheer
hose demanded by ntociern Canadian
women.
The Bunter's stock -in -trade un -
eludes lariat ropes, bridles, halters,
tie -clowns, breast collars, reins, belts
and saddle cinches.
These items are woven in a variety
of colors or combination of colors.
Their lariats have become highly
popular with both American and
Canadian rodeo ropers and ars
claimed to be the strongest rope
in existence, yet much easier to
handle than ropes of grass or man-
illa. Tests have shown nylon riding
equipment to be resistant against
the . ravages of weather, wear and
tear of range work and the chemical
action of horse sweat.
Unlucky Number
"I'd just like to know how many
girls you made love to before you
met Inc',said the wife during a
quarrel,
"Twelve", groaned her husband,
' "but I forgot to count until it was
too late"
ply flux and smooth work with
hot copper, Bind joints with rubber
tape, then friction tape.
SOLDERING HOLES. Clean
surface for some distance back
from hole- and apply flux. Touch
heated soldering copper to solder
until some solder is picked up by
copper. Place this solder around
edge of hole, Keep adding . solder
until hole is closed, Apply more
flux and smooth work- by passing
hot copper over soldered hollow.
SWEATING THE JOINT. Tin
'both surfaces, then press together
and heat until solder, which is
coated over the surfaces, melts and
flows out from between them, Af-
ter they have been ]seated and press-
ed to gether, leave until cool before
moving. '
Artistia
Ancestove
By Richard !hill Wilkinson
"1 wish;" said Aline Butterworth
wistfully, "I only wish there had
been some one in our family who
really did something, something
worth while, something —" she
sinned as she said it—"I could brag
about:"
Fred Butterworth laid aside the
morning paper, - gulped down the
last of his coffee, shoved back his
chair and said: "What?"
Aire overlooked his rudness.
"The bridge club meets here this
afternoon," she said, "and 1 dread
it. 1 dread it because Aggie Spen-
cer and Gertrude Wilcox will mon-
opolize the conversation with
stories of their ancestors.
Fred scratched his chin and con
templated the wistful look in his
wife's eyes. Suddenly he banged
the table. "By George, f'd almost
forgotten it! Darned if 1 hadn't.
You sit here a minute, sweet, till
1 rummage around in the attic.
flI give you something to brag
about!"
Later he returned with a book,
"But what is it?" asked Aline.
"It's a book of poetry, that's what
it is! Written by my mother and
`pubiis•hed 20 yegrs ago. There's
talent in my family, NI have you
know."
Aime's eyes lighted, then glowed
with sudden joy, "Fred! you dear!
Is it 'really? Was your mother
really a poet? Oh, why didn't you
tell me before! It's just too excit-
ing!''
Fred grinned delightedly, Err
route to the station he began to
smile. And by the time he had
boarded the 8:15 the smile had de-
veloped Otto an occasional chuckle.
Tom Cooke, who• usually sat with
Fred during the short run to the
city, became' curious.
"Say, what's eating you this
morning? Let a man in on it If
you've got something that'll fetch
a laugh these dull days,"
Fred laughed outright. "I'll tell
you, Toto. It too good to keep,
But _ don't on your life - breatthe a
word. Lt would kill Aline."
Tome made solemn promises and
mocked his ear. '`Well," said' Fred,
"Aline was upset this morning be-
cause she didn't have anydungto
brag about at hen bridge club. The
other members, it seems, have ar•
biotic ancestors. It made Aime feel
bad to think she married into such
an uninteresting family, so I dug
eto an old trunk and produced a
book of poems that mother pub-
lished 20 years ago, and told her
to brag about that,"
"How'd you come out?" Tont
asked, "What did Aime say?"
"1'ont looked puzzled "What's
wrong with teat 1'd say a mother
in-law poet was O.h."
"But here's the rub," Fred grin-
ned. "That ok of ms is n
bo oe a
n
old manuscript that belonged to my
grandmother. After grandmother
died, mother found the 'script,
thought the poems were worthy of
publication, added a few of her
own choice verses, and submitted'
the retyped copy to a publisher.
Mr. Publisher ate the stuff up.
"Mother was thrilled, She thought
she must have real talent, and went
down to the library to study up
and read the masters, 'While per-
using a volume of Walt Whitman
site discovered some of the vary
poems that her mother had sup-
posedly written.
'101 course, mother immediately
wired the publisher, advising him
to cease 'manufacturing the book,
and explaining' that her mote
must leave copied• sonne of her fa-
vorite Whitman poems, in order to
save then. But Mr, Publisher had
already printed about " 2000 copies,
wdhich were ready for distributions
Mother bought up the edition and
destroyed all but one, whiclt elle
kept for sentimental reasons. Tltal.
). one ie the book f gave Aime Ghia
morning"
Tom Cooke arrived at the station
a few minutes early the next morn-
ing and when he saw the grinting
countenance of Fred Butterworth
coming down the street, hewent
eagerly to meet hien.
THE END
What's New At
The 1949 C.N.E.
1.1 'your club or group would like
an outing at this year's Exltfbitiou
with free admittance to the grounds,
a_meal as guests of the Women's
Division and a chance to win $100,
then this news is for you!
The "How Well Do You Know
Canada?" contest to take place
September 9, is open to as many
groups of three as your club can
round up. In this competition they
will be asked questions like, "What
• is the population of our newest pro-
vince?" "What is the population
of the Dominion?" and "Name
the 3 fast Governor -Generate."
Judges will be a panel .01 outstand•
Ong Canadians.
There is no entry fee. But your
entries must be in to the .Women's
Director, C.N.E., Toronto by Aug-
ust 15th. Second prize is 875 and
third, $50:
Going over the accounts one eye.
. ning, the young husband said re-
proachfully, Look, dear, the bank
just returned your check."
The bride beamed, "Isn't that
wonderful, darling! What'll we buy
this time?"
, WIRE
BLACK AND GALVANIZED.
SEIZABLE
kREPARS,VINEYARDS ' OAC
RDSAND
GENERAL FARM 5'8E.
PAIKIN BROS., LTD.
Ise. Eergueoa Av, Norte
HAMILTON, ONT. 1-Dt5I
"The Car Of The Future"—,That's what they called this unconventional -looking automobile,
Above, model Sherry Stevens steps into the teardrop -shaped vehicle, which has four independn
ently sprung wheels set in a diamond' shape, The wheel arrangement gives it a turning radiet0'
of 12 feet—about half that required by a standard auto. Only drawback to the "Car of the
Future" is the building 'cost -$5,000, not including labor,
Something's In The Air—A heavy electrical storm following a day of near -record temperatures
set up this impressive display of lightning over Denver as the Rocky Mountains echoed hack the
violent crashes of thunder
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