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HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe Seaforth News, 1931-09-24, Page 3THURSDAY, SEPT. 24, 1931 THE SEAFORTH NEWS. PAGE THREE: HAWKS AND OWLS Their Value to the Farmer A farmer 'friend of mine, Who had been a bitter enemy at hawks and Owls hecause he ,considered tivem a menace to his poultry, changed his views recently, as the result of an in- cident that aceurred on>' .his far••in. One morning, when he was about to leave •the 'hoiuse, be saw ,a '1ar.ge' ,,hawk swing up ,over the meadows, and then•wieh a quick movement, change its cl4rection and :come down in the poultry -yard, seedling the frightened chickens scurrying in every -direction. 1My .friend stepped, back into the kit- chen. for the loaded gun that a'lwiays, stood ready for such emergencies, and .feo.rit the doorway 'shot the bird 'be- Bore it - could 'ri'se from the ground. But a moment ]rater, when he picked nip the limp body of the "hen -hawk", his feeling of triumph 'clanged to one of regret; tightly clasped in the dead bird's claws was—tout a chicken, but a huge brown rat. Now drat farmer is So feaeful l'es't he may commit an- other injustice, that nobody could in- duce him to shoot a hawk of any. °kind. •My friend was like thousands of. 'other •farmers throughout the coun- %try; he 'had an excellent knowledge of .general farming, but he had not given ten minutes to the sturdy orf b'ir'ds—Ile knew that hawks killed and. carried offchickens—he had seen them do it, -and .like' most farmers, rhe shot them whenever they carne within range of his gun. I -Ie had never stopped to consider that possibly not all hawks ,were poultry thieves,• and that it was unfair 'to 'kill inn'o'cent 'hawks for the misdeeds: of th.e guilty ones. However, it -is not upon the ground of justice' alone that the farmer sh'ou'ld know the nature of what he is shoot- ing at; it pays in dollars and cents to :know this, I confess.t:hat I have l'ittle patience with the man who tells the .farmer that all hawks an'd owls are his friends. The farmer himtself 'knows better. Such siueeping statements not 'only fail to oonvince a man who lives in the country and keeps 'his eyes open, bet they 'tend to make hint dis- credit the truth concerning the ben- eficial birds of prey, There are hawks, and a very few Owes, that the 'farm'er is 'justified in shooting, but I <wouid• urge him to stu'd'y the birds until he can distinguish the harmful ones from the useful ones. Then he can protect'hinesebf from his enemies, without the danger o.f destroying his friends. When he does 'begin to look into the matter, one cif the first things that will impress him is the fact that the harmful hawks and owls are very few in number compared ,w'it'h those that wage'perpetual and relentless .war up- on his .animal enemies—the mice, rats, go'phees, ground -squirrels, prairie dogs a'n:d, ,other rodents, which with the .har,mfti'f i,nsecbs cause a loss every year •of a "Millon dollars to t'he agri- .cultural interests of the continent. That the birds of prey co.nstitu'te t'he principal check •on these pests has !been proved -beyond any .d:oubt. Lead- ing authorities' on the subject and many •o•blier carefdl men of scien'ce have •given years to the study of this question; they have exaouined' the sbo•meeh's of thou'san'ds of hawks and ,owls, shot in all pants of the country end at all seasons of the year, And thus they have found out exactly what these birds hived an. ,Certainly, the food that is found in a bird's eto:nt'acb .furnishes the hest evidence of wdia't the bind eats. Yet so painstaking were these neen .that, be- sides testing the •food- found in the stomachs, they made another teat. They knew' that 'hawks an'd owls swallow not only. the 'flesh of their •victdns, hut ...often the indi:gest'ib'•1'e parts as 'well, and that .th'e'se parts—ektel1s, .bones, fur, feath- ers, stales, and so forth—ane later ej- ected from the mouth in the foram of tightly compressed 'pellets. The in- vestigators examined •th'ousands ' of such pellets, made lists of what they contained, and Meed these Bets to sup- plement the evidence that they had obtained through the 'examination of the stoinac'hsr Then, ,after the most careful •con- sideratiion, they came to the • concl'u io:n chat of the fftyefive species of hawks and owls of North 'America, all but about fifteen are the friends of the farmer, the gardener, the fruit -:grower .and the forester, :Moreover, orf those !fifteen, notall are positively harmful, !Seven of them—the,golden eagle, bald eagle, pigeon -hawk, Piehardson hawk, alpliomvade fal'eon•, prairie falcon ` and great horned owl—do about as trach good as harm; and four tone .gerfal- cone—live so far north that farmers have nothing to fear from their de- pred'ations. This leaves four birds of prey -the cluck -hawk, the sharp - shinned hawk, Cooper's :h:awk and the goshawk—that the farmer may nightly look upon as his enemies. .Before considering the benelficiae birds of prey, let us see 'what the farmer has to fear from •each .of •these harm'fu':l ones. First, the deck -hawk. This is the peregrine, which was con- sidered the noblelst of all the hawks used in the old time sport of falconry. It has .a worl'd-'wide reputation as a bold and dashing hunter. It 'has such speed that •it'can overtake and strike down even the fast-'flyiug teal, , tine swiftest .of all wild :dunks; it is so hold that it will follow a h'un'ter and carry off game birds 'fhat he has shot before he himself can pick them up. Occas- ionally a duck -hawk is seen flying ra- pidly over trhe houses in New York City. The bird is attracted by pigeons which d:ouhtiess prove choice food for the h'u'ngry little peregrines waiting in their rude nest on some ledge of the iP all s'acl es. Ci more than twenty duck -hawk stomachs examined by one investiga- tor, seven contained poultry; nine contained other birds; one, mice; two, insect's; and four were empty. But bold and destructive as this hawk is, the farmer has 'little to fear from its depredations, far the reason that it is not commop in any part of the con- tinent, The goshawk is larger than tfie duck -hawk, •and quite as bold. On one occasion, when 'a hen in Connecticut tried to escape by running into th.e ,farm'h,ouse, the •hawk followed ,with- out hesitating, and seized its victim in the parljor in the presence of an old gentleman anti nils daughter. ,Allehough the goshawk does destroy a few mice, squirrels and rabbits, its principal food consists of poultry and. game -birds, .anal it would be a great menace to. poultry yards bat for the fact - that itbreeds chiefly in the north and is net likely to be common, ex rept for brief periods` during migra- tions. The birds that give the p.oultrynean most trouble are the. scarp -shinned' hawk and !Cooperts hawk, These are the real "hen -hawks"; they have done more thee alt the others together 'to call down on the birds of prey the vengeance of the farrier. The eharp- shin is very small, only twelve to four teen inldhes long, over all, and of this length its 'tail takes up about half. (But it makes up for its lack of size by impudent daring, ,Although• this little hawk lives chiefly on small birds, it is equally'fond of young chickens. IAl'mo'st with'th•e speed of a,bu1'let it swoops down into the farmyard, snatches a chicken from the midst of the 'hens, and dies away into the next ,field before the farmer .has a .chance to shoot at it. A sharp -shin has been known to take between twenty and thirty chickens from the same yard in one season. Of one hundred and fifty-nine stomac'his that were exam- ined, six c'on'tained poultry or•''aene- birds; ninety-nine, other birds; six, mice; and live, insects; and f'fty-two were empty. The adail't sharp -shin is blemish gray above, and somewhat darker on the head; the tail is crossed by several black bands; the under parts are almost white, with breast and sides 'crossed by buff, rufous or dusky bars. The immature birds are dusky above, and tee 'under parts are white, streaked with brown or dusty feathers. If there is a haWk that bothers the. farmer more than fhe sharp -shin does, it is Cooper's hawk, but only because it is larger and able to carry off .larger chickens, and even ducks and young turkeys. It also des'tr'oys wild 'birds of many kinds, ,varyi.ng in • size from sparrows to ruffed grouse or part- ridge. Indeed, in some panels of the country it is suet a persistent 'hunter of game bird's that it has received the name of partridge hawk, Alt'hnugh mitre and other rodents form a part Of its diet, there is little to say in fa- vor of this bird. Nearly all the evi- dence is against it. Of one "hundred and thirty-three stomachs .examined, thirty-four contained poultry or game bts's; fifty-two, other birds; eleven, mammals; one, a frog; three, lizards; two, insects; and thirty-nine were empty. !Cooper's .hawk measures from fif- teen to twenty inches long; as in the case of nearly all birds of prey, the .female is considerably larger than the male. Except for the difference in size, and the fact that the tail of the 'Cooper's 'hatwk is round at the end, and not .square like that of the sharp shin, these two harmful hawlrs are as much alike in appearance as they are in character, and a description of one will answer fairly well for !bath, ;When they are flying high, they can be dis- tinguished from other hawks 'by their excessively Yong tam's and nby their manner of flight—short peniods of al- .•ternate 'lapping and sailing. Every farmer should learn to know these two kinds of hawks. Now let us look into the hab'it's of a few hawks and' owl's that are true. friends of the farmer. One of the most important of thein is the marsh hawk, teat only because it is a very useful 'bird but because it has a wide ercial Transportation the New Way Trailers powered by dight trucks are solving many heavy hauling problems throughout the Dominion. Here are two instances of how trailers are being utilized in lumber camps, with resulting economy of operation and maximum manoeuverability, keel' ,iieteieeie BAILERS powered by light 1 trucks are rapidly coming into use throughout the Dominion for heavy transportation. That this tendency is a sound oneis illustrated by the above pie - tuxes. The combined loads of the truck -trailer combines shown total almost thirty tons! The Model AA Ford truck ort the right, operated by Mr. Frank Sehunter, of Vernon, B.C., is shown hauling a trailer loaded'. with. fifty-two poles, each neighing approximately 800 pounds —an aggregate pay load of nearly 21 tons, The Model AA Ford truck and trailer above is shown hauling more than nine tons of logs at a lumber camp near Forest, Ontario. The tendency to use trailers and semi -trailers in conjunction with lighttrucks 'has been especially noticeable among operators' of large fleets. The usefulness ofthe truck -trailer combine is not limit- ed, of course, to the .handling of heavy loads, but is, almost equally valuable to light transportation,' since it greatly increases the ver- satility of a fleet. Economy of operation,, ability to manoeuver in tight places and time eeee saved by disconnecting the trailer unit while it is being loaded or un- loaded are factors influencing the new trend in commercial transpor- tation. Semi -trailer Balances, Load By using a semi -trailer on a light truck chassis, the major•portion of the load can be balanced over the trailer, axle with only . enough weight over' therear axle of the truck to give,, good traction. Con- sequently, by: taking advantage of the draw -bar pull of the truck, a very heavy load can be hauled eas- t ily by a one -and -a -half *ATI chassis. Trailers and semi -trailers can be arranged to meet a wide range of transportation requirements. For heavy loads dual wheels can be used on a semi -trailer unit and the rear of the truck. When time 'con- sumed in loading and unloading is an,importo.nt factor two or more trailers or semitrailers can be.used in the'pperation of each truck, alt while one emit is,beieg lora T. tee truck' ' -can proceed with atom•,,,•. Thus one chassis, with the rete., equipment, can perform Lee w eek • of two or three trucks, me range; it is found in almost ,all parts ref the United S'ta'tes and Canada, It is a bird of the opencountry, even making its nest ort the ground in the marshels. ' Flying low, and with slow 'beating wings, this 'large hawk tacks tirele.- :y bac', and fort'h over the country, and with its keen eyes sweeps the ground for the mice and •other rodents that form the principal part of its food. • 1Seedo' t has this bird been known to take a chicken, 1-I'aw far its good deeds outweigh its bad ones may be seen from the fact that out of one hundred 'and. twenty-four :stontaehs that were examined, only .seven con- tained poultry, and ?'only thirty-four, otluen birds; fifty-seven contained ]nice; ewentytwo, other rodents; se- ven, reptiles; :two, frogs; fourteen, in- sects; one, indeterminate natter; and eight were empty: +In some stomachs were found four, five ,and even ,eight mead c1v mice, Since birds digest their food very rapidly, it is evident that these contents do not represent a full day's work on the part of the birds from which they were taken. VJ.o'reaver, .when we consider that marsh -hawks rear from four to six young ion'as annually, that young 'hawks ane proverbially ravenous, and that during the last part of .their long stay in the nest they eat even more than adult birds, weget a faint idea of the vast number orf mice and in- sects the parents must destroy in ad- dition to those needecl to sustain their. own lives. For the nzoaiient, however, let us leave the young out of. our count and try to •estinoate the value of the work the adults do to satisfy their'o:wn appetites. As eight meadow -mice have been .found in the stomach of a single marsh -'hawk, and as these •proba'bly represent only .a part of the day's food. supply, it is reasonable to supp'o'se that, to supply its own needs, each marsh -hawk destroys at least eight meadow -price, or their ,equivalent in xeoxious insects, every day. Brit in order to be well within the truth, let us cut this number in two, and sup- pose that each hawk kills only four meadow -mice a day—a number quite insufficient to keep .a Targe, active bird in good condition. This means that a pair of marsh -hawks destroys eight nnice a day, or tw,o thousand of:ne hundred and twenty mice a year. It has been estimated that each meadow arouse on a. farm causes a loss of at least two cents a year, by destroying grass roots and tubers and by gnawing the bark of young trees; 'p'roha'bly the damage .is •even greater. The destruction of two thousand nine hundred and twenty m'i'ce, therefore,. saves the farmer or farmers on whose land these hawks were .working, fifty- eight dollars and forty cents. Ie oth- er words, it puts into the farmers' pockets fifty-eight dollars and forty oents, which, but for the hawks, •would have been eaten up by niece. INiuw it is an exceptionally good Cow that gives an an:n'ual return ars large as that, and a fernier .who owned such a cow w'ou'ld be very careful not to shoot tt by mistake for some harmful animal`I Yet the same farmer will, without hesitation, shoot these valu- able hawks, because hawks orf an en- tirely different kind have at some. time carried off his chickens, 'FIRST BOATLOAD OF GRAIN. ,First boat load •of prairie grain to traverse the Knudson Bay bound for overseas started its history making journey last week end. Loaded with exactly 2717,000 bushels of No, 2 northern w'hearfe; the stout steamer Farnworth was to leave Churchill at, high tide before' mid -dray on Thurs- day. 'The steamer, chartered by the Can- adian Government to handle half of a 340,1000 bushel trial dhipment by the bay route, lay at the dock as grain trimmers filled thounand•s of bags with grain in how and sterni holds to prevent cargo shifting. Her sister ship, the \\rarkworth, tri he loaded with the remainder of the test ship- ment, rode 'high ahead of the sante dock: .,The Farnworth's 3,000 mile journey by :Hudson straits conies more titan three centuries after ]'ens Mlunc'k, dis- coverer of .Churchill, completed a suc- cessful journey to Norwegian shores from the same port. After three ecores of his companions died of star- vation and scurvy on the bay shore early in the 17th century, Myrick and twosu.r:vivillg sailors put out in one of their, two boats and sailer] to Eur- ope. LONDON THIEVES USE GAS How science has come to the aid of, the chicken thief, increasing ,bit 'security and giving hint the advan- tage of quantity operation, was re- vealed by county. police 1 at London. ,During recent weeks ,chicken stealiug has gone ahead on a boon scale. Orle of the fundamental, things on which their again is in'creased is the' use of a sort of anaesthetic to quiet birds when wholesale raids on a roost are in progress. It appears that the thieves are using • carbon monoxide gas from the exhaust of their auto- mobiles. A handy pi'pe,.arrangement is introduced into the henhouse and after a few, minutes the 'birds lose consciousness and fall to the ground. They are picked up and carried off with. never a tell tale squawk. The police believe the thieves are well organized and that' the majority of stolen birds are marketed in 'West- ern Ontario cities within a few hours. ASK • NO ELUECTION NOW. The board .pf.governors of the Bank of England have taken the "unprec- edented step" of visiting the House of °Commons to inform ,the Prime liinis'ter that the National .Govern- nnent must remain in .power at least two years if a heavy fall in exchange is to be avoided. The Mail for several days has been conducting an energetic campaign against the . Conservative proposals for an early 'general election. I'ts story, published ander heavy head- lines read: "The affairs of the nation reached a position of extreme gravity Thurs- day,' it said. "Information was con- veyed to the Government from the city (London's financial centres) that a precarious exchange situation exists ..And it would appear on reports. thus conveyed to the Government that the recent unrest in the fleet had a profound effect an 13iitish credit and that the time 'has conte when all other considerations save those of na- tional existence must be put aside," The board of governors of the .bank, the paper said, asked the Government to make a definite announcement that there would be no genera} election and that the Government would re- main in power for its full possible term of two years. It is said that the board gave Premier Ramsay Mac- Donald "an alarming estimate" of the amount of fail in exchange which would follow any ann••eun'centent that an election had been decided upon. Eecellent for Croupy Children. When A child is ,nfdering with cramp. it is a .good plan to use Dr. Th;ontas' Eciectrir Oil, let rcduccs the inflam- mation fled loosens the phlegm giving speedy relief to the tittle sufferer, it is equally °reliable 'for sore throat •arid chest, earache, rheumatic pains, cuts, braises and sprains. filar. Thomas' Ecleclric Oil is regaa•ded by marry thousandsas an indispensable of the family medicine chest. Let us have the navies of your v;sitors Hon. L'IN'COLN GOLDI'•E PASSES. Hon. Lincoln Goldie, fornier pro- vincial secretary in the Ferguson go- verp'nten't, died in the Guelph Hospital early% Saturday morndn'g, Although confined to his home for a few days, it was not until Friday that his con- dition became at ale alarming, anal af- ter he had spent a very restless night, two specialists from Toronto were colied into consultation. He suffered from a very serious kidney ailment. Mr. .Goldie had not been in the hest of health for the past year, and spent some time in the hospital following his resignation• from the Ferguson 'C'abinet last spring. He had been around as usual earlier in the week, however, and word of his passing was a surprise He had :represented the riding of South 'Wellington in the On'tario 'Legislature for nine years. ZURICH !Prof. Alvin Sererus of Toronto, is visiting with his mother, Mgrs. Ger- trude Surerus of the Bronson line.. \]r. Surerus is a ua'ofeesor in Eng lish at Toronto University. Miss Ruby Church of the \\'eeter- vslt School at Loudon, spent the Week , end at her Koine. The '•death occurred' at the Peitclien- ereWaterloo hospital on ,Sunday more rime last of .l'lrs, Floyd Miller of De- troit and formerly Miss Olga Hr'wald of Zurich, daughter of Mr, and Mrs_ Jacob Ronald, The deceased was boric at Zurich and twelve years ago' was married to Mr. Miller and went. to reside at Detroit, Some sevenT. weeks ago she cranio to Kitchener to visit her sister, Mn, Oscar Miller and was taken ill at her borne. Two weeks before Iter death she was removed to the hospital. She is survived by. herr husband, her parents, Mir. and Mfrs. Jacob ,How^ald, Zurich; three firothers,. Mr. Henry Howeld of Zurich; Mr. Herbert Hewald of Owen Sound, and' Mr. Theodore' Howald of Kitchener, and four sisters, Mrs. Sam Lennox, of Saskatchewan; Mr. O. Miller, Kitch- ener, Mrs. K,.Barry, New York' City, and :Mrs. E. Yearion of Detroit. The body was brought to 'Zurich where in- terment was made in the Lutheran cemetery, Rev. Mr. Turkheint offic- toting. !Prof. and Mrs, Herbert Kalbfleisah who have been in New York City for• the past few years, are visiting with, the fu•ncer's parents here, before go- ing to London, where Mr. Kalhileiech is teaching languages. Mr. Ebner Willert of the 14th come cession of Hay has purchased a 9.0 acre tract of land in the pinery frame the Hearnan estate, on the east side of the road, a mile south 01 Grand Bend. WINGHAM With the passing on Wednesday, September 9th of Mrs, William Mic- Quillan, of the 13th concession, .West Wawanosfi mourns one of its best beloved and most highly respected citizens. The late M,rs, . Ml.0Q111l1in (formerly Annie Haines) was horn sixty-two years ago at Caledonia, be- ing a daughter of the late Mn, and Bits. Robert 1-Taines. When five years of age elle came with leer parents to \Vest \V'awanosh, where she had since resided. Thirty-ifivt years ago she was married to her now bereft husband and \rent to rive on the faint which continued to be their home throughout their married life.. To them were born a faniily of eight children, six of wlu'om survive. They are: \lrilliam, Fort Qu Appelle, Seek,, Robert, of Belleville; George and Charles at home and 'Mildred. and Beatrice, the latter being teacher in St. Helens public school; two daugh- ters, Mande and Mary, predeceased her. 'She was a devoted member of the Anglican Chinch at St. Helens, and was also associated with the St, Helena branch of the Women's Insti- tute. The funeral was held from the fancily hone, the service being con- ducted by Rev. E. D. Gallaher, rector of 'the parish. 'of Luokno'w and St. Helens. The remains were interred in Greenhill cemetery, Lucknow and the pellbearers were jaaeph Ander- son, el eenzie \Veib'b, \\"aline Mil- ler, Ed. Thom, John Miller and Peter Watson. Father: "Can you give my daugh- ter the ]marries to which she has been acctts tomed' " Suitor: 'Not much 'longer. That's why I want to get married," TO ELECT PRIMATE. .A lengthy debalte was expected foil lowing the introduction of a motion directing a committee of the general' synod of the Church of England in ' 'Canada to confer on the subject of the establishment of a fixed printatial see which will automatically become the headquarters of the primates upon their election. There is a• possibility that the debate will directrepresent- ation on the committee from the ec-• clesiastical province of Rupert's Land, covering the prairie provinces, with a view possibly to selecting a primatial` see in that territory. After three days of uncertainty regarding the problent the general synod put through its lo— wer house, in slightly amended form; the draft of a canon or 'by-law, which,. When given final effect, will provide.'. •for the election of the church's pri- mate by the synod as a whole instead of by the house of bishops as hereto- fore. !AR the coit'eittsion of the session some dissatisfaction was expreesed'. over leaving so much power still in, the hands of the bishops, and estab lishment of an electoral college wee proposed, drawn from` ment'bers, of th.e .church as a whole and conilposed' of equal numbers of bis'hops, clergy- and lergyand laity. This was rejected, however, after it was pointed out that the bishops had already gone far toward meeting the wishes of the lower house for a synodical election. and that after all the bishops were in a position to know the capacities of nominees and. the needs ef'bbs church to be stet. Further consideration of the •repont' of the Anglican coricinissian was giv- en by the two houses of the synod in joint session. Pleas for a consecnated- laity ,were made by several speakers,. Steps to revive the activities of an old committee an church union were • taken in implementing another realm:: mend'ation of the nation,at commission.. A recommendation "that the whole missionary work 'throughout Canada' he recognized and presented as 'a anti. and that division of diocese irate mis- sionary and self supporting. cense," was passed. This did not mean, it was exlplained. that diocesan mission • funds would be abolished but that the central office would bre given a scan' •prehensive review of missionary of -- font throiighotst the cenntry. The brakes had failed. \\romee screamed; strong men turned pale. With rapidly increasing spec,1 the' bti.s ran backward downhill, iiut never once ,did the driver lose his presence of mind. "Quick, hill," he yelled to the con- ductor, "change the destination, boards!" Sandy, a kirk elder in a small nor- thern town in ,Scotland, consulted a doctor about the state of his health, When told by thee physician that he had a floating leidnei-, he was so dor- tied that he asked the minister b, pray for hint in church on the follow- ing Sunday. "I'm not sure that at the mention at a floating kidney the Congregation mightn't laugh," the minister 'told "Ali see naethin' to 'Laugh ate! re- plied'Sanldy, 'last week we 'prayed' for loose livers."