HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe Seaforth News, 1931-05-21, Page 3THURSDAY, MAY 23, 193n THE SEAPORTH NEWS.
PAGE THREE-
T-H'E 1931 CE,iVISUS
OF AGRICULTURE
Agriculture is the leading industry
.of Can'a'da and the 'fariner' is the econ-
omic backbone of the nation. 'Thr
:net animal value of agricultural pro-
duction averages double that of all
our ether primlariy industries put to-
gether, and is from four to five tines
a$ great as that of either forestry or
:mining,which corse next in order of
.importance, The farther furnishes
the raw materials for many" of our
leading .n manufacturing 'industries, such
as flour iiii.fl'ftig, feed 'and grist mill-
ing, ;bread and :bakery products,
slaughtering and ttmeat-ipaeking, butter'
and cheese :making, boot - and'. shoe
making, fruit and vegetable canning,
etc. 'The farther is a large consumer
of the finished products of nearly all
our other a na'nufa,nturing industries
more especially of such industries as
agricultural -implements, automobiles,
binder •twine, sawmills, fertilizers, etc,
The .farmer supplies 'a very large part
of the freightcarried by our great
railways and steamship lines, so that
a crop failure is immediately reflected
in :falling railway and steamship earn-
ings and
arnings,and a bu'm:per ,crop in increasing
railway .and steamship revenues. In-
deed, when the :farmer is prosperous,
the Dominion as a whole can scarcely
be depressed; when the farmer ex-
periences hard times, Canada as a
whole can scarcely he prosperous.
'The 'Canadian fanner cannot be
said to be in a satisfao'teny position in
this spring of 193:1. 'The world-wide
slump in wholesale prices has ip the
past eighteen -months .hit the farmer
:harder than any odlser large class in
the community and the whole nation
has suffered accordingly, Thous the
whole nation ;has an interestt-ran im-
mediate and, vital interes't—in the
relt'a!bihtatiop ,and recovery Of agri-
culture. While .there is a widespread
demand !for the adoption of a "na-
tional policy for agriculture," there
are differetaces of opinion as to the
precise facts of the situation that ex-
ists at the ;paeesenit time among the
fanners of :the Dominion, A general
survey of the Canadian agricultural,
situation in 'alt its varied aspects is re-
quired as a bas'is for agricultural pol-
icy, and the detailed material needed
for this .strrv,ey is now to be collected
from each of the more than 7:00,000
farmers of Canada at the decennial`
census of 1931, When this material
has been collected, it will he tabulated
and analysed by the national Bureau
of Statis'fucs. The .report which will
then be :published will constitute a
:rine of information for Parliamen-
tarians, publicists, farmers' organiza-
tions and all others interested in the
problems of the farmers of the Do-
minion.
The approaching census of the
farms of Canadais being taken for
the 'benelfit of the farmer. 'While the
average farmer will not Take indiyi'd-,
Mal use of the statistics, (they will be
used by the leaders of the •ifarving
community, ' by the profe'ss'ors and
teachers in, the agricultural colleges,,
by the local a:gricttl'tural representa-
tives of provincial tGioverninents, by
the Dominion awd Provincial Depart-
ments of Agriculture, - by members of
Parliament and of the Legislatures, as
well as hh' journalists :writing .in the
general peers and the agricultural
newspapers. Further, all the estimates
of acres sown, of crop yields, of num-
bers of ''live stock, etc., that will be
made periodically for, some years to
come will 'be made in the, light of the
statistics now to be collected, It is
therefore of the utmost importance
that the figures contributed by each
farmer to the grana total shall, be
comtplelte and accurate, so that we
Canadians may complete the best pos-
sible inventory o'f the greatest of our
national industries' and realize just'
what agriculture means' to Canada,
Agricultural information has been
collected at the Canadian census ever
since the. French regime, but the
aliment and the variety of the infor-
mation secured has been steadily in-
creasing with the growing complex-
ity of the operations carried on by the
farmers of the Dominion, The lques-
tion:s asked on the 1931 'sc'hedules co -
To the Holders of
VAR LOAN AND
VICTORY BONDS
A Statement by the Minister of Finance
>i«
THE dark days of the War, Canadians loaned to the
Government of the Dominion many hundred millions of
dollars to enable the operations of the Allies to be carried '
to a successful conclusion.
When. Canadians loaned their money to the Government, they
received bonds which were promises to repay them the sum
loaned with interest at the rate of 5% or 5is% per annum. On
the 1st of October next, $53,000,000 of these bonds become
due; on the 1st of November, 1932, the maturity will be
$73,000,000; -on the 1st of November, 1933, $446,000,000;
and, in 1934, $511,000,000 must be provided for.
It would not be prudent, either in the interest of the security
holders or the country itself, to wait until these loans become
due before providing for their payment or conversion. Action
must be taken well in advance bf the due dates to protect the
credit of the country. The Government believes this an oppor-
tune'time to afford Canadians the opportunity to exchange the
bonds, which they own maturing in the next few years, for new
bonds of the Dominion of Canada carrying interest at the rate
of 4Mi% per annum, which is a very attractive return. Prior to
the maturity date of the present bonds, those who accept this
offer will, of course, continue to be paid interest at the rate as
provided by the bonds they exchange.
Canadians who have always shown confidence in their country
are earnesti), invited to exchange the bonds they, now own
for bonds of the new issue. By so doing, they will render
less difficult the task .of providing for the future finances of the
country, will enhance its credit and will greatly assist the,
Government in the present period of worldwide readjustments:
No money will be asked for and no new bonds will be sold at
this time. It is proposed to limit the present conversion to
$250,000,000, but the Government has the right at hs discre-
tioa ro increase the amount if Canadians indicate a general desire
to continue their :investments in the securities of their Dominion:
The subscription books will close on the 23rd of May:
I earnestly seek the active support of my fellow Canadians in
making this conversion, which is one of the largest financial
operations our country has undertaken in recent years, credit-
able alike to Canada and its citizens.
Minister of Finance.
ver a greater variety of sdbjects than
in any previous investigation. 'Not
only has every+ -outstanding agricultur-
al expert in the 'Dominion been con-
sulted in connection with 'the ques-
tions to be asked in the approaching,
'census, hut adv'anta'ge has also been
,taken Of the:work of the International
'Institute of Agriculture, representing
over 60 countries, whidh has hada
staff o'f' experts 'at, work for the last
four years making'ppians for an ideal
census of agriculture. Thus the
farmer who next month will be asked
to answer the questions on the agri-
cultural schedule may feel convinced
t'bat the 'greatest possible care has
been taken in the preparation of the
schedule, so as to eliminate any use-
less orfrivolous questions and leave
only those having a.direct relation to
the agricultural -situation. While the
main schedule of the agricultural cep
sus of 1931 is unquestionably long,
the farmers who answer the ques-
tions may feel that they are contribut-
ing to the advancement of their indus-
try.
The 1931 ceusits of agriculture aims
at securing (1) accurate statistics rel-
ative to farm ' land, buildings; live
stock and other farm property as at
rune 1, 1931; (2) statistics for the
year 1930 regarding crops, live stook
products, farm expenses, etc.; (3)
statistics of incidental agricultural
production, live stook, animal pro-
ducts, etc, "not, on farms," a'ed (4)
statistics of "vacant and abandoned
farms," 'T'his' information will in the
:rain be secured from the "General
Farm. Schedule," but there are also
'special schedules dealing with agri-
cultural products raised elsewh'ere
than on farms and with vacant and
abandoned farms. In addition, each
census enumerator has to fill out one
special schedule giving the average
prices received by the farmers in his
enumeration area for each crop
grown there in 1930. As copies of
the general' farm schedule have al-
ready been mailed to every known
farm operator in Canada, it is un-
necessary to comment at any length
upon the ordrn'ary questions relative
to farm workers, 'farm acreage and
tenure, condition of farm land and
farm values
(Among the difficulties of census -
takers is that 61 definition, What is a
farm? According to the Canadian cen-
sus, a farm is all the land directly
farmed by one ,person either by his
own labour or with the assistance of
members off his 'household or hired'
employees. But a '°farm" :rust be of
ane acre or more and must have pro-
duced- agricultural products to the'
value of $50 or more in 1930. "
The 'farm operator" is another
subject of interest. The census enu-
merator rvi11 want to know how long'
the farm operator., if an innmfgran't,'
has lived in Canada, how long the:
farm operator has 'farmed and how:
long he has operated his present farm.'
The farm .population of Canada will{
be ascertained for the 'first time, as:
d'istingui's'h'ed from the total rural po-'
gelation. The census asks for the
total number 6f persons living on the,
farm on the •date of ,the census, as well;
as for the number of persons moving;
from the .farm to urban areas and from;
urban areas ;to •fhe 'faun within the':
previous twelve months. This is in-;
tended to show 'the extent of the drift
from the country to the town as well
as ;the return :movement.
Another new 'feature, introduced at:
fhe request of many agricultural asso-1
ciations and farmers' organizations, is'
fhe question of 'farm 'mortgages, ask-
ing for the amount of fhe mortgage at,
the date of the .census and the amount
of interest paid on mortgages in 1930.'
The replies to this •question will ans-
wer for the first trate the question of
the am,oun:t of farm mortgage indebt
ed'n:ess in Canada.
The sectionon farm ,expenses in-
cludes various items having an im-
portant hearing on farts economy.,'
Among these are the .amount paid for
feed not raised op the farm in ques
tion, the sum's paid for commercial
fertilizers, spraying 'cltetriicals, field;
and garden seeds, electric ,current for
light and power, taxes paid or payable
on land and buildings, money wages
paid for labour, and estimated value.
of board wird lodging supp'l'ied to la-
bourers. The number of ,weeks' work
done by hired labour is also required,
as furnishing a :means of establishing
the average wages of farms labour in
the various parts of Canada.,
"Fart: facilities" is animportant'
part df the general fartn schedule,
dealing with location of farm, farm
egtti•p.ncent and with the atnenities of
farm life.' Ahnong the questions are
the type of road adjoining the fart:,
the distance from railway station and
Market, automobiles, farm implements
running -water jn farm 'house, radio,
electric -light and power and gas.
The majority of the questions deal
as ordinarily With the crops raised on
the farm in 1930 an'il the acreage of
each crop sown for 1931, with the.
value of ve,ge'tables raised' for hone'
use, with vegetables 'produced for sale
by 'market gardens, with orchard and
small fruits, with grapes grown, with
green -house arid hothouse establish-
ments and nurseries, with forest pro-
ducts cut on the fart:, and maple syr-
up and maple sugar,
The latter part of the general farm
schedule deals with number and val-
ue of different classes of horses, :miles
cattle, sheep and swine on the farm
at the date Of the census, with mills
produced and disposed of in 1930, with
the wool clip in 1930, with poultry on
farms at June 1, 1931, and number and
value of eggs and chickens produced
in 1930, and with bees and bee pro-
ducts. Questions are also asked re-
garding the number of young animals
raised in 1930, the domestic animals
slaughtered on the florin or sold' alive
in 1930, the animals purchased in 1930
and the purebred animals on the farm
at the date of the census.
DAMAGES .SOUGHT.
Because agents of John E. Small -
:nun, of L'ordon, Ont, owner of rac-
ing stable, valued three horses of his
at $100 each in order to obtain low
express rates in shipping the animals
from Havre de Grace to the 'Wood-
bine, Toronto, the Pennsylvania'
Railroad in a statement of defence fil-
ed at London say they could be res-
ponsible for
essponsible'foronly $300 for injuries to.
the horses.
Mr, Snraliman and an employe, G.
A. _Alexan'der, Toronto, have started
a supreme court action for $10,000
dantrages for a railroad accident at
Renova, Pa., in 1929, when the three
valuable horses were seriously injur-
ed; one dying.
A railroad car containing the ani-
mals was struck by a shunting loco-
motive, the plaintiffs allege, by negli-
gence. The claim is itemized as fol-
lows: Loss of "Gray Dawn," $4,000;
injury and depreciation in value of
"Viscose," $1,200; injury and deprec-
iation to "Sea Kale," $S00; expenses
for caring for horses and training
costs, $2,000; for expectancy of rac-
ing prizes, $2,000.
A pleasant medicine for children is
Mother Graves' 'Worn Exterminator,
and it is excellent for driving worms
from the system.
AUTO ACCIDENTS.
'Fatalities from automobile accidentt
in Ontario during the first three
months of the year numbered 7' and
there were 973 persons injured out of,
a total of 1,253 motor accidents, it
was relvelaled in an official statement
of the Department of Highways.
The death toll taken by automo-
biles is revealed in detail in the state-
ment. Of the 1,253 accidents, 67 are
listed as fatal; 776 caused personal
injuries and 410 inflicted property
d'ama'ge.
The fatal accidents were as follows:
Thirty-five were collisions with pedes-
trians; 5 collisions with other cars,
10 collisions with railroad trains; 1
collision with a street car, 4 collisions
with fixed objects; 4 collisions with
bicycles, and 8 nomcollision accidents.
There were 70 drivers involved in
the fatal accidents, the reports states,
Of this number only 4 were women.
Three of the 70 drivers were under
the age of 18 years; 20 between 18
and 24 years; 39 from 24 to 54 years;
4 over 55 years and 4 no age given.
Forty-seven of the drivers had more
than a year's experience in driving
motor vehicles; 2 had less than three
months, '1 had from 6 to 12 month's'
experience, and in the case of 20
drivers no length of experience Was
given.
The report shows that 1 Of the
drivers was intoxicated; 1 was ender
"extreme fatigue," and the remainder
were, in normal condition at the time
of the accidents.
There were 22 fatalities on straight
roads, 10 at railroad crossings; 4 on
curves, 3 on hills, 8 at street inter-
sectiones, 1 on a private driveway and
two at bridges.
That the human element was in
:cost. instances a heavy factor in the
fatal accidents is shown in the report
of the nte,chanism of the cars involved:
On 53 out of the 70 cars the brakes
and mechanism were in good order.
There were two cases of defective
brakes, 2 cases of defective steering
tnechanism, 1 case where headlights
were out and 1 ease where defect's in
the -mechanism were even as the
cause of the accident.
Only two fatal accidents occurred at
railroad crossings where automatic
Warning signals are installed. Eight
occurred at unguarded crossings.
Fifty of the cars involved were pas-
senger cars, 20 commercial vehicles,
2 buses, 1 taxicab and 3 not stated.
The road surface was dry in 36 ac-
cidents; wet dtt 8, muddy in three,
snowy in 17, icy in 2, and two un-
stated. There were 36 accidents in
daylight, 9 at dusk, and 22 at night.
Fifty-four of the cars were going.
straight at the time of the accidents,
2 were turning to the right, two were
:making left turns, 1 was backing up,
4 were parked, 1 was slowing down
and 12 were skidding on the road-
way.
'Figttnes relating to pedestrians show
that 449 were concerned in accidents,
35 being fatal,
Children playing on the street ac
counted for 86 of these accident, six
being fatal,' Riding or hitching on
ve'hicles caused 9 accidents, 1 fatal.
'Walking on rural highways, 23 ac-
cidents, 7 being fatal, coming from
behind parked vehicle or o'bject-40
accidents, with 3 fatal.
. PAINTINGS DSS'COVE.R3LD
A rorhantic story of love and devo-
tion to the nte'an'ory of an artist hes-
band for nearly half a c'en'tury is re-
vealed lit the arrival in Toronto of '
three 'hitherto unknown paintings_ by
the great Canadian artist, Paul Peel.
Ever since his tragic death in
France, at the age of thirty-one years,
on the very threshold of success add
world acclaim, these three beautiful
canvasses have remained as personal
treasures for memory's sake in the
hone of the widow o'f Patd Peel.
One of the three pictures, entitled
"Jeun'esse," or, youth, is a six-foot
painting of three children at .play, re-
garded by Mrs. Peel as the artist's
greatest masterpiece.
The picture's 'have been brought to
Toronto by a lady`friend of the Peel
family and they will be specially ex-
hibited,
" hIrs. Peel has treasured these
canvasses," said the lady, "as person-
al remembrances of her husband. But
she has reached fhe time of life when
she would like to see all Paul Pee'l's
greate'st work; disposed of the best
possible way, and these canvasses are
being offered to the art -loving world
for the first time."
T,ite three pictures are valued at
$20,000. Like the greatest of the
Paul Peel work, the "Bath" series,
the largest of these canvasses is a
nude study of children. One of the
others is a companion piece in the
bath series.
Mrs. Peel wanted these pictures
first to be offered in Canada for the
reason that Canada's growing pride
in the works of Paul Peel and Can-
ada's claim to Paul Peel's birth and
young manhood, has given her a great
deal of pleasure,
To those who do not know the
story of the romantic life of Paul
Peel and his marriage, of his intense
devotion to his children and his home,
it may seem strange in these days
that paintings probably worth many
thousands of dollars thonld have lain
for years in the privacy of the
widow's home, near Nice, in the south
of France.
Paul Peel was married to a young
artist, daughter of a French father
and a D'an'ish mother, who, with the
two children that were born to thetas,
was the inspiration of Peel's greatest
works,
Paul Peel was born in London, On-
tario in 1559, child of a distinguished
fancily, for his great-uncle was he
famous Sir Robert Peel, although
Paul's 'father was engaged in the un-
pretentious business of statuary and
stone carving in London, Ontario.
"rt nineteen, Paul Peel went to study
art in Philadelphia, against the will
of his family, and, at twenty-one pro-
ceeded ore to London, England, where
he studied in the Royal Academy.
From there he quickly moved to
Paris, and his story is one of intense
devotion to work, of slaving and
starving in a garret, while -he develop-
ed his greatest talent, which is ex-
pressed in such work as .the "Tired
Model" and "After the Bath."
He was twenty4five years old and
just emerging as a first-rate artist
when he stet, at an artist colony at
Pont Avenu, in France, the tall, dark
Secure Verdier, with Danish blood in
her veins, and they were :tarried.
Two years later, a boy, Robert, was
born, and a year or two later, a dau-
ghter, Robert is now an engineer in
California, but the daughter Marguer-
ite, lives with her mother in the
quiet French village near Nice,
amidst the furniture and souvenirs of
the artist who so tragically was taken
from them:
'In 1590, at the age of 30, Paul
Peel's "After the Bath" was exhibited
in the Paris s'a'lon and was awarded
the highest award, the gold medal.
The rears of struggle were over.
Paul Peel had leaped into the 'fore -
,front of artistic fame at the age of
thirty. His famous picture, purchas-
ed by the Hungarian National Gal-
lery, was years later, brought to Can-
ada by a London gentlem'an and at
present is in Oshawa.
But in little over a year after that
triumphal showing itt the Salon, Paul
Peel was stricken with the influenza,
contracted pneurnonia, and d•ieci On
two occasions during his early days
abroad, Patti Peel came lno.me to vial:.
itis family in London, Ile brought
•
borne sonte pictures with. hint, and
these were shown in the window's of
a London art store. "The Tired
Model" sold in this fashion for the
princely sum of $90, It later carte
to have greater value and today is
worth thousands of dollars.
EARN $5.00 TO $10.00 DAILY
Earn part time, while learning fol-
lowing big pay trades: Garage work,
welding, barbering, hair ldres'sing. Po-
sitions open, Information free. Em-
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Queen. W., Toronto,