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HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe Seaforth News, 1930-03-27, Page 6How Britain Can Recover Atlantic Steamship Speed Blue Ribbon CAUSE OF LOSS OF THE PREMIER POSITION Llncreasing Power Without Increasing the Weight Driven Will Increase Speed (By Sir John Biles) boiler at least one-half more surface Now that the fastest ship on the At- •lantic is not British, it may be of in - /Wrest to reflect on what is the cause of the lose of the premier position in shipbuilding by the British Mercantile Marine, In 1906 the Lnsitania and the Piave - Janie were undoubtedly the fastest At- iantic liners afloat, having a speed of 26 knots, and no attempt was made to -surpass then in speed until the Ger- man erman ships Europa and Bremen were laid down in 1926. The Vaterland (now the Leviathan) and the Imperator (now the Beren- garia) were built by the Germans. These were followed by the Bismarck :Snow the Majestic) andsome other slower vessels. The Aquitania, of the Cunard Line, and the three other named vessels had speeds of about 24 knots. The most striking point about'the German ships was that they had boilers in which the fire is outside the tubes containing the water, called water -tube boilers, while the British ships adhered to the cylindrical boilers in which the fire Is inside the tubes, usually called Scottish boilers. The Lusitania and the Mauretania were smaller ships than the Aqui- tante, Impeeator, Vaterland, and the Bismarck, and it would therefore ap- pear that to obtain the greatest speed It is not necessary to adopt water -tube boilers, at any rate the adoption of water -tube boilers was not associated with the greatest speed. It is, however, the horsepower per ion of weight driven that determines the speed, supposing that the ship de signisin ail cases equally good. In the case of the Mauretania this is about 2 h,p. per ton of weight driven, while in the other ,our ships it is about 1 to 1.2. Anything that can be done to in- creasethe power without increobing. the weight driven will 5nereaee the epeed. To increase the pewter without Increasing the weight of machinery and fuel will increase the speed. The type of boiler which for a ion of weight gives to the steam the great- est amount of energy per ton of fuel used ` is the boiler from which the greatest speed of a ship mr y be ex- tected. The water -tube boiler bas two ad- vantages over the Scottish boiler: First, it can burn more oil fuel per vinare foot of heating surface; Second, it can deliver the steam at a higher pressure and greater effici- ency. in a Scottish boiler eaih 35 square Sleet of heating surface involves a ton of boiler weight, wbile in a water -tube can be got per ton of weight. Hence for every ton of weight we can get 50 per cent. more steam from a water - tube boiler than from a Scottish at the same pressure, and we can get 20 per cent. more oil burnt. Alec, we can get a higher pressure and increased efficiency; • Applying this to the weight of the Mauretania's boilers, which are near - 3y one half of her total machinery weight, we eau get an increase of power of well over 20 per cent., and an increase of speed of well on to 2 knots, nearly sufficient, if not quite, to equal the Bremen's speed. Thus we see that the effect of boil- er design is sufficient to deserve the most serious consideration If we are to get back the Blue Ribbon of the At- lantic, The 'whole of the weight saved in bailers cannot be used for increasing power unless we can get across the Atlantic for the same weight of fuel: The. Bremen, which is the cause of all this talk, carries about the same weight of fuel as the.Mam'etania, while her machinery ,weighs 20 per cent, less than the,Mauretania's. Dr. Baiter, the designer of her machinery, announces that he 1s prepared to pro- duce a 4 -day ship whose machinery will be 10 per cent. lighter than the Mauretania'e. It looks as if ' unless something on the same lines is under- taken by us we shall be out of the running. Some responsible officials are re- luctant to adopt water -tube boilers, which will give the{highest speed, though They have been at the root of the success of the German steamers. The use of water -tube boilers in At- lantic liners has been forced on ship- owners in this country by the acquisi- tion of the German -built ships after the war, and though the result has been most successful they shrink from repeating the prectiee. The Navy has adopted watentube boilers exclusively for the last 20 years, and yet those re- sponsible for these fast Atlantic liners hesitate to take the step. The alternative to the water -tube boilers for the highest speed is the adoption of a large number of Diesel engines accumulating and transform- ing their power by means of dynamos and motors. This 15 far more experi- mental than a water -tithe boiler pro- ject These highly developed types of ma- chinery involve the use of highly de- veloped brains for controlling them, and the present state of the organiza- tion of shipowning companies may not seem to encourage this kind of inno- vation. e_ Light Has Weight The Great Einstein Claims Empire Red Cross. F' Prof. A. H. S. Gilison, of Conference iN'ic411, Discusses Strange Many interesting features will char- Cone/miens harConeluaiens acterize the forthcoming British Ern Eire stn's exper':mstte lead to some pire Red Cross Conference which ie entraordinary concluders, ore of to take place in May in London, Eng- wh,ch isrr. fee rer.eeese fe a I-: ge land, according to information now in boy the hands of the Headquarters' Oh dale of the Canadian Red Cross So - Calculations based unen :he e a• ,defy in Toronto, 'livity tbeory show that the s.rr .,:me The session of this unique gathering Into being at a def-ni:e slime tthe that will be held in the historic St, James' the world 147-:'1E stage -,-.ee :'ht, and Palace, which is now so prominently million years ere. before the eyes of the world as the Other coac ue ons # cn , :r:. e'; 's meeting place of the Disarmament great experiments inc .s.cd :het the Conference. geometry taught in echecis is e,Ste in- en May 20th its plenary session will eecurote and h t may , .ettree be be presided over by the Duke of York, replaced by a gs'a-*:_e'.y ;f .,,Frog while Princess Mary is scheduled to apace. inspect the various V.A.D. detach- Measurable Weight meats, present from many parts of the That light has weieb wr, ie mea- United Kingdom, surable was also short, .he tri cr paid. It has been eetireteett that 160 Ions of light fall upon the meth daily. At the rate which light is cold by a local power company, the Value cf the Alit energy falling upon the earth is at the rate of $420,000,000 per pound, Ile lecturer acid, Invitations to send delegates to this Empire -wide conference of Red Cross workers bave been issued by Briga- dier -General H. B. Champain of the British Red Cross Society, who has followeda new precedent by asking attendance of representatives from all overseas parts of the Empire, large Calculations based upon Einstein's or small, and irrespective of whether landings show that time and space are they possese organized Red Cross So - sot fixed as in ordinary thought. cleties or not, The agenda as foreshadowed by the tentative programme will be very broad as it will deal with not only Em- pire mpire and national activities but with many lniernational'aspects of Red Cross work. Some of its proposed features include addresses from pro- minent health or educational autbori- tiee, demonstrations in London County Council Schools, an elaborate Junior Red Cross Empire Pageant, the possi- bilities of co-operative effort of Junior Red Cross with all other organizations of juveniles within the Empire, and the widest discussion of the interna- tional and imperial aspects of the Red Cross, The Canadian Red Cross Society will send at least official delegates to the Empire Conference with several additional representatives who will be named by the Central Council on March 271h. these depend upon velocity. A train owing will be found to have a shorter ength than one at rest, Also a eloea indicates lesser time as its velocity is Increased. It it were possible to throw iQQ clock to give it a velocity equal t.o at of light, 196,000 miles per second, en time would cease to be receded. Perpetual Youth Perpetual youtb would in the same way be attained if man could reach a ;Velocity equal to that of light. How- aver, the lecturer added, the man. would not be visible to bis friends es die mass would become Infiinitesimal. Calculations from one of Einstein's equations demonstrates that there is Dough energy in an ounce of obeese t a weight of 80,009,000 tons to ;gee top of Eiffel tower while a pound Of elms could provide enough, energy elms Wee 2,000,000 dreadnougbte to a freight of 2,000 miles, The tern, it is estimated, le hieing tb.rough dissipation of energy, 860,000 illion tone of its weight per day. The pass of the sun being known,' it,ie es - climatal that enough remains eo that the sun still bee 15,000,000 million ]years to go an giving, out Its energy, she—"Now you pride yourself. on being able to judge a woman's char. � ere a by her clothes.. What would he --- yoIr tei'dlet on niy sister over there?" I WHERE SHARP TURNS AND STEEP GRADES PREDOMINATE He Blocking at her sister's scant at_ One needs a 'slid: eye and a quicker foot on Ulla mountain highway, the Caren. motor, road tire)--"Ineufflcient evidence." tlenal Park, Alberta, France Builds Wonderful New Cruiser MOST MODERN TRAINING SHIP IN WORLD'S NAVIES We see here the new French cruiser, Jeanne D'Are, taking the slips at her recent launching at St. Nazaire, France. It will be used as sdrool.fer Valu- ing of naval officers. Globe -Trotting Reporter Meets Ghastly Death Body of Dr. Kurt Faber, Mangled By Wolves, Found in North Edmonton, Alta.—Dr. Kurt Faber, noted Berlin journalist, who plodded into the North Country five months ago, Is dead—a victim of the North- land's rigors. A terse telegram from a Royal Canadian Mounted Police Post in the North-West Territories tells of his body being found, torn and mang- led by roaming wolves. Last summer the German scientist - writer had travelled North from Ed- monton. At Fort Vermilion he plan- ned to circle North and Bast on a jour- ney of almost 1,000 miles, most of which he planned to traverse on foot, Dr. Faber had been sought by police patrols and by radio broadcasts for some weeks in an effort to inform' him that his mother had died in Berlin, Dr. K. Martin, German Consul at Win- nipeg, had been requested from Ger- many to transmit the information to the globetrotting reporter. From Fort Vermilion, which he had reached by riverboat, to the L'pper. Hay River Post, Dr. Faber had travel- led by canoe, portaging from the source of one river to the origin of another in his struggle into the North - e bHi d th 1 b li d to rn air ns. S ea s. a eve have occurred as he paddled north along the river toward the Great Slave. The meagre statement from the post of the Mounties may mean that the journalist fell exhausted or that his body was washed ashore after his canoe had been dashed to pieces in a rapids. only - "Man tc-day can Sy like a bird, but man win never bo able to sit comfort- ably on a barbed wire fence." -Lord Dewar. 'There is not awoman living who is physically or mentally capable of tell- ing the true story of her life,"—Peggy Hopkins Joyce. Official History Of War is Urged Canadian Legion of British Legion Sends Request to Ottawa Ottawa—Believing tbat the time has come when an` official history of the part played by msu of Canada in the Great War hould be written, the Canadian legion of the British legion, in its representations of Parliament at the present session, is putting for- ward a strong request that the writ- ing of this bistory be undertaken at once, and that it shall be a true re- cord of the sacrifice, the suffering and the achievements of the soldiers, sail- ors and airmen' of Canada, with that theme the predominant note in any such history. The Legices's attitude is based part- ly on the prevalence of war histories which pay very little attention to the part of Canada's men in the field, and partly on the thought this his- tory should be written while the men who could make vital contribr,tions to it, in the way of actual experiences and accurate records, are still alive. It is believed, too, that this history should be undertaken by the Domin- ion Government, and that when it is completed, it should be used as the official text -book on the great war fn all the public schools and high schools and collegiate institutes throughout the Dominion, First Highwayman—"Say, is there any danger in this business?" Second Highwayman—"No, not un- less you get shot" Ready for Anything Kaye Don Prepared British Racing Motorist Will Drive Mammoth "Silver Bullet" Sunbeam Weighing Seven Tons With Engines, Developing 2,000, Horse Power at Daytona Beach New York,—Another carefree, smil- ing Briton is in the United States to challenge death and man-made speeds on the steel hard sands of Daytona Beach. This time it is Kaye Don, crack Bri- tish -race driver, who will follow in the wheel ruts made byhis famous British ,predessor, Major Sir H. Segrave, last March, on the Florida -sands that have cos ttwo;speed kinge their-Iives:--Se- grave drove his roaring Golden Arrow :Sunbeam at the amazing speed of 231.33 Milos an hour to set the record. Don, a good-natured veteran of Great War Days, w111 try to smash that record in a bigger, and he thinks better Sunbeam. This one a mam- moth seven -ton creation in silver gray labelled the "Silver Bullet, It is his turn to drive because Segrave, one of his best friends, has definitely turned frons automobile record smashing to his first love, the building of a speed boat that will conquer all time stand- ards on the water. Don is a bachelor of 36, tali, well set up, with. Sandy hair, a brisk tan mustache, blue eyes and a pair of deep dimples at the corners of his moth. He drives purely for the sport of the thing, was the British champion in 1926 and 1929, has never piloted a machine faster than 162 miles an hour, and flew a bomber in France during the war. If we consider," he said, "what is done in the air, we can realize that a human being should be able to travel faster than 250 miles an hour on land. Within five years, the re- cord should be close to 300 miles an hour-. It is all a question of stream lining,"' he said. The "Silver Bullet" which has never been driven, but has a theoreti- cal speed of 260 miles an hour is a great improvement over Segrave's "Golden Arrow" in evading wind Te- sistance, Don said, The new car is 30 feet long, neighs seven tons,' has two stabilizing fins to keep it on the ground, and is equipped with silk tires 37 inches in diameter ,and lightly cov- ered with rubber, the tires are tested to last four minutes at a speed of 300 miles• an hour. The "Bullet" is powered by two 12 - cylinder aviation engines in tandem, developing 2,000 hor'sepower, three times as much as Segr•ave's "Golden Arrow." It has three` speeds and should travel at the rate of 90 miles an hour in first, 180 in second, 260 in high. Our Tourist Trade According to the estimate of the Provincial Minister of Roads,who ought to know, tourists last year brought a revenue of some sixty-two million dollars to this province, and it is estimated that they will bring seventy-five millions during the pre- sent year. When it is borne in mind that the Dominion Bureau of Statistics shows a total revenue for the Do- minion from the tourist traffic of over two hundred and fifty million dollars, Quebec's share is seen to he a very arge one, tI is all the more neces- sary that the people of this province. should be alive to the necessity of fos- tering the tourist trade in every legiti- mate manner,—Montreal Star. "The theatre to -day is not more vul- gar; it's just more natural."—Helen Kane. "It is only Ignorant people who are ashamed to confess Ignorance."— Clarence Darrow. Judge—"Prisoner, the jury finds you guilty." Prisoner—"That's all right, judge. I knew you're too intelli- gent to be influenced by what they say." Thrills of Mountain Motoring Becoming Popular In the Jasper Ne' New Town Safe Perplexing Problem of Water Supply fob' Port Churchill Now Solved Ottawa, -A solution has just been found for one of the most perplexing'. engineering problems In the develop - went of northern Canada, namely, sup- ply up -ply, of water for the coming port and city et Churchill, terminus of the Hud- son Bay Railway. Ordinary methods of piping water, below the froet line fail up there be- cause borings as deep as 117 feet have reached solid rock before coming to the end of the frozen soil. Churchill will be founded on eternal frost—or, at least frost that has been present since the glacial ages, tens of thous- ands of years ago, Pipes, laid through that frozen sub- soil wouldfreeze solid in an hour, ac- cording to D. W. Lachlan, engineer of the department of railways and can als, who bas been coping with sub- arctic conditions at Churchill and Nei - son for seventeen years. Pians are being completed these days for the location of a pipe line to be laid, in dry moss, to bbtciuress of at least four feet to protect the water from the long cold weather and the bitter sea gales. The source of Churchill water will be Grassy Slough, a depression not 'far from the famous Rosabella Lake, named after the wife of William Beech, who homesteaded there in 1905. Steam shovels will gouge out Grassy Slough to a depth of some twen'y feet. If necessary, Rosabella Lake and a large area to the south can be drained into the reservoir. The land has beentakenover by the govern- ment to prevent squatters locating in the water drainage area: A line:is being located, with two pumping sta- tions on the escarpment above the present site t' the town and the docks to bring the water the four or five miles down to the port. The water pipe itself will be sup- ported on wooden poets driven into the clay and sticking up foto feetor more above the ground. Above that in a mound reaching fourfeet above the pipe dry moss will be piled. That will he capped with sheet -Iron and thatched straw to prevent the moss from getting wet, and from. turning it intoa.good-conductor of cold. Children's Aid' Does Valuable Work Children Placed in Good Homes Are Average Good Youngsters and Turn Out Well ' Quite an extensive work is carried on in Ontario in the direction of pro- viding orphan or destitute children with good"homes in private families, and with a view to giving readers some information; regarding this laud- able work our representative recently had a talk with Mr, .7. J. Kelso, who is in charge of the Children's Aid Branch of Ontario Government Ser- vice, Naturally the first question asked frowasm?", "Wthere do the children come "W" w. re, "re are variety ell,of wasaysthe in iwhicplyh chilthedren bea- come homeless. Very often the death of a mother throws children on the world uneared for, the father indiffer- ent and neglecting to provide proper home life for the children. Frequent- ly, also children are placed in public institutions or with private parties bsr the parents, who then disappear; some parents have no affection for their children and cannot be made' provide for them properly; while in other cases the relatives have fallen into evil habits and the child for its own protection has to be removed from their control. "Are not such children an undesir- able class for adoption?" Mr. Kelso was asked, "No ,there is a good deal of'miscon- ception on this point, People frequent- ly 'imagine that homeless children must necessarily be plain -looking, bad tempered and evil-minded, but such is not the case. As a rule they compare favorably 'tith the average run of children." "Where should application be matte?" Anyone wishing a child has only to address a letter to the SeScretary of the Ohildren's Aid Society of their City or County. There are over sixty organizations in this work, or they can apply direct tomy office." The older boys and girls are taken pantry for the Resistance they can give, but the ma- jority of people desire to satisfy the. Graving of lonely hearts for children to, love and cherish,"' Fairy Tea A fairy who went visiting Arrived at half -past three; Her hostess said: "I am so glad You came in time for tea, For i have some honeyed roseleaves And fresh dew brought by the elves, po make yourself at home, and then We'll eat them all ourselves." "I do not believe In that woad Pte. It is the refuge of every self-confessed failure."—Andrew Soutar, "If atheism} wins 'Mt wttip g poo ratios, the sgi1on niui 1eappei'ir.R,-q *in Durant, Color of Insects _ Traced toLight And Pigments British Entomologist Described Cause of Brilliant Hues of Butterflies, Beetles u. By Lord Rayleigh, F.R.S., M,R.i, The colors of insects are of two die- tinct. classes. Some of them are duel• to pigmentary substances, just as art the colors of oil or watercolor Dice tures or dyed fabrics. An ordinary English tortoise -shell butterfly owes its red color to this cause, and ,so. eordingly if we lookthrough it Mel red color is seen by transmission, . On the other hand:, blue 'butterflies apparently never owe their color to a , pigment. If we taste one of the bril ]last blue butterflies from Brazil, known to zoologists aa Morpho Rhete- nor, we find that the blue color seen; so brilliantly by reflection disappears entirely by transmission, a nondes cript brownish; color being alone .per ceptible under these conditions. Tested With Benzol Another expfrriment which may Pt. shown with this color, is its disappear aloe when the specimen is wetted' with benzol. As the benzol dries off° the specimen recovers its blue reflec- tion- These facts are all 1n aecordauce' with the view that the blue butterfly; owes its color to interference of light;1 therefieotion at the front and •back surfaces combining to give this inter- ference for the less-refrsngibie parte of the spectrum and leaving the -blues as a residuum. According to this view the spectruen of the reflection in the ultra-viole region should show a minimum, an h maximum. further on a second ma R find, in fact, that this is the case, One species (Morpho Achilles) shows a second minimum and a third maid - mum 'further on in the ultra -violet - The original blue reflection appears to be of the second order. Colors of Meailie Beetles The colors of metallic beetles are of special interest and have excited: considrable controversy. Some auth- orities attribute them to the surface reflection of intensely absorbing Mat- ter assumed to be present in the wing ease, and, in fact, to be analogous to the surface reflection of aniline eoloi'.. This view is held by the lecturer to present insuperable difficulties. In the first place, the color by absorp- tion is not 'saturated, as it always is in the ease of substances known to give surface rotleotion. In the second place, the color of the reflection changes greatly (from. yellow to blue in the instance shown) with the angle of incidence, which surface reflection colors do not. Last- ly, when the spectrum is examined by abaorption it is found that bande are present which can be identified as essentially the same over different parts of the specimen but which vary; slightly in position. The view taken by the lecturer is that the color is due to interference in this case also, the peeuliarfties of the reflection and also of the absorp- tion being,' due to the presence of d large number of reflecting layer's suitably spaced, • • A Natural Trap Heron Unwittingly Steps on Giant Clam Shell Shuts on Toes and Holds Bird a Week Atlantic City, N,J.- A weird yarn concerning a heron and a giant clam was spun by fishermen here recently. For five days the fishermen had ob- served from Wildwood Gables dock fronting Coldsprings Harbor, what ap- peared to be a stuffed, long -neck bird, standing on one leg at the water's edge. The bird remained motionlesei so long in one spot that the fishermen finally agreed that it was a good ex'- ample of tavidermist's art, planted by, ea practical joker. The yarn -spinners said, two clam diggers went out to the spot and foursll the bird was a heron, alive and hel": captive by a huge clam firmly Mahe deftin the sand, The heron, they said, had inadverie ently annoyed the clam: who; slept witjr. hls mouth or shell open, by stepplei on the shell and the clam retaliated by calmly closing his shell on Mr. Hair on's toes. The heron was reset and his enemy went into a pot chowder, which was offered as press of the yarn. Child March To -day March came And in the morning nulled As If he were a Very happy child. But now, this afternoon, He wearied of the glow And blotted out the sunshine With a shimmering of snow. To -morrow he may cry As if his heart would brealti But you and I know March: And merely smile and take His periods oY quiet and wild As we would bear it in a child. O,D.S. March' let, 1930 ' illbun the negative side. Threw, W. nyimeeoNl,e with yourscox witwal views of j�ppiety, ver name-loekonItirtih• te,i—so qA . ,l m