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The Seaforth News, 1962-09-20, Page 7Tette e lei Ulnaa' eke@ [Beit e, ar' .3.113,. 'rho 94 - hose tela with ?.ter pre - :ion. with sill :led ewed: and ::ea- - uole res» 's to teen. :oke las n a her was "ant .cos, met plot one self, ;est Ley ',3CI1 ries ial- me: of ref, and :vas - CUR or - last fi- sh- $75 ect ler :lo- : Ice of :ph ur- ng lid us ;en a ne He tat ed ^t- ry ke v- asa ed llf Id a s- t- 0 - rd io Potthast lieu Hay AANis Different re rftP Me n ct+jut „relic cleid&eve- tcei lift, tri 1 biles of new.. net de 1, t 111t0 btti'u sttl ,c +ts rr,r4bc t r ;': .id tuna a little eaiut t 1•t? ies,Biel ht tcaiMte r ;;l beim a ne et for reeettrole t talc is t tteeetfork :dont; the pe .k of ay barn the true k lt:tug. it with teen—Ives—el, nest.; like bar• ns les on bc...ehed beet, and l s.':apobc, iee will neve[' be used ltf rill, Bee we tieed to elm in 0 ]1 adrod touts e° loose hay with at every eutntne:, and while it wee' ant refined invention we tt enght it worked rather well. Before the tr•a:.ckfork hay ryas• Bei shed by hated, In the field one reran built 1000 which railed for l=..rowing trimming and binding, f eleful by forkful, and since he ineew how the Load was built it •,:,s his i b to pitch off at the been. •The plan who pitched on In the field would go into the maw and stow. when the track - leek came along the pitching off wee immediately easier, for now he had but to t: -rust a two -tined heepoon fork into the load, set rte triggers, and yell Giddap, A h ;rse too?: over, pulling the long :ripe out across the dooryard, eel 'the harpoon -forkful rose up, laked into the carrier, and treept the length of the barn to be dropped by a triprope at the pepper p:etc e, Or almost. Technicians have a:: vat's been a b:,ut 30 years late i:: farm advancements, We brag Stout new methods and effi- ciency, let almost any improved ,r.athod • or device might have been m0C.e a generation sooner. I•"lwaday: they deliver feed in • belle, but bet wen the first grain e:evator and tris triumph were reediess years et hundredweight ereks, And there was no need of lee hundredweight, either. The fertilizer people saw this and y: anged to 130 -pound sacks, which See 20 pounds easier to handle. Ext the feed people kept right c„ And While the trackfork was e good idea, it remained about s„ it first came out all the days • its use, and the one in my barn is the same as the first one e railable, It hied bugs other than eeasps. One bag was the matter of c nimunications, The yelling that ^Fent on when things :worked 9 ell was considerable, but when arnetlting went awry, as it usual - ;t,; did, if was magnificent. The roan deep in the recesses of the barn would watch the forkful rise up, lode into the carrier, rad come charging into the place like the Z alke-rie. When it got w=here it should be, he'd yell whoa, or ho, or hi, or- yoiks, or r:,methi-g audible, and the man en the load would yank the trip - rope, The man on the load would relay the whoa, ho, hi, etc., and the boy leading the horse would tern off the power. If things •%Lent well, you could take off a :_ad in five or six swipes, But ,if the pitcher -off had in- edvertently entwined the trip - ;ape around his leg and found trio late this :s not good, which :`.appeased oftener than you'd be- lieve, he would articulate splen- didly as he erose like Elijah in c whirlwind, and the others couldn't always construe his re- marks, Once we had a hired man -.eho speared the harpoon through ::is pants cuff as he set the fork, nailing himself to the task, and es he ascended he could think nothing to yell •except, "My rants! My pants!" Nobody, real- ly, interpreted this helpfully, and fortunately most vagaries of this- nature.took place with plenty of Loose hay spread around below, so his recovery was more em- barrassing than disastrous. I remember we had another man one. year who, while stow- ing, slipped off an edge, fell througi a scuttle, and came out r swf rd ACRG85 22 Property 112 Mlle swell Malay evince 23 U st3entod 0 Crud gone 2Subjoot blcat 22 Reverence 271 Itato 13 aoarng 26 pigging tool hu, temer,s 20 Care. for t4 ltepimt 81 Song bird ,10 Cana, eholter, 83 Cuurty.rd 17 Mast vnird 87 Epistles 10 Proacribed 40 Feel eorraw Menet 44 Measure of weight 21 tee Birk 4G Affirmative ward 22 4uedinitc a:trel0 40 0'00004 24 A direction Gl Vipers 25 Aramel 62 highest note 20 vo;ttod tool 83 weep 22 0,19e 04 French cehi 414 tea-elve bu Femme sheen S6 e01 seeped 9 eiiow an5Ngatve work 80 , 01 Printing meneuta 80 At all limes 41 Coramoay 42 Avast( 48 Belief 4a' 0',w tac:u 41 2..:.r:2 or: L::g 40 if •..lion !cod 80 l;c.v ke;iand reef 01 ro:fnma 22 Cerxenn city 29 01.ing bird {',> 63 11 :dor an •04 0nio, 60 Lv:o DOW)r 1r'Ila 12 � imitated g Pillar d 0-,,m 6&on Gird 6 liricral rock i (0ry(f Bewildered I9tof0fi10t)ato @ 00 anal. things %1 Cereal gtafn to Pna tb Cheat hone rot Crapou2d irdMl AI NI.A-IT (PILOTS -- Flying squirrels are fairly common. Even though many persons spend vacations in the woods without ever seeing these interesting animals taker to the air, that doesn't mean they weren't near. The little squirrels are nocturnal and soar at 15 to 20 miles per hour from tree to tree seeking food. At left, flying squirrels are seen resting on a stump. Black line on side Is special gliding membrane which turns them Into a square glider, capable of a variety of aerial acrobatics. At right, selAn seen—much less photo- graphed -- is the flying squirrel in full daytime flight. Here the gliding membrane Is fully extended. These unique squirrels are presently under study by scientists at the University of Michigan, who took the unusual photographs. (The following is a continua- tion of the article on the dangers of too wide a use of pesticides in modern farm operations.) si Two widely known cases from the experience of the United States Department of Agricul- ture USDA will illustrate the point. The first is the controver- sial fire -ant programa in certain Southern states. It is a vivid ex- ample of both the misuse and the proper application of chemical control techniques. The fire ant is an import from Latin America. Like a wasp or a on the other side of the barn through a horse manger, and as he appeared shouting Whoa sev- eral minutes after to forkful had taken the end out of the barn the maneuver Was not con- sidered helpful, either. It was a wonderful year when I was first big enough to lead the horse, He was a doddering old logging gelding that pulled double on the rack, but was un- hitched from the team each time. With the superfluous parts of his harness tossed over his back, we'd fit the trackfork rope to his singietree, and I'd lead him back and forth on command from the load and the mow. A boy given this important duty had one great, consuming care. It was to keep the horse from treading on your tender lit- tle bare toes, I learned to walk obliquely, And when the fork was set and the Giddap came, I would tease the old horse into motion, see the slack of the rope take up, hear the pulley whim- per, and see the collar settle back on the horse. Since the first pull away from the rack is the hard- est it was proper to encourage the beast right now with a flat of the hand as high up on his shoulder as I could reach. Then, once clear of the load, the fork moves easier, and after the straight lift snaps into the car- rier the forkful rattles the length of the barn without too much work from the horse. I had to go until I heard the man on the rack relay the stower's Whoa, then unhitch the rope from the whiffletree clevis and bring the horse back for another hoist, If things went well, they'd have another forkful set by the time I arrived. Some years we'd have an extra horse just for hoisting, and use the two teams and two racks, which meant a steady to-and=fro from noon until the last load of the day was in. All at 450, and with toes intact, After each load we'd get a drink at the pump, and marvel at the trackfork. It was a wonderful invention, before elevators. — by John Golder in the Christian Science Monitor, wer elsewhere on thie page hornet, it has a "fiery" sting, But otherwise, in its homeland, it re- portedly is considered benefi- cial. It builds large mounds that help aerate the soil. It feeds largely on destructive insects, There is little evidence that it is itself destructive either to crops or livestock, Be that as it may, there was pressure for a control program in the United States. In spite of protests from some wildlife au- thorities, such a program was launched several years ago in which a new and very powerful poison (heptachlor) was spread over large areas at a rate of two pounds per acre. Fire ante were not brought un- der control, But there were dev- astating loses among wildlife of many species, Today, hardly anyone has a good word for the early fire -ant program, It is considered an out- standing example of bulling ahead with a massive chemical attack on an insect, heedless of the consequences. « « 4 But there is a bright side to the story. Along with its program of spreading poison against the fire ants the USDA carried out research to find better and safer control methods. As described by Dr. Edward 1'. Knipling, Director of the USDA Entomological Research Division, the first fruits of this research have led the depart- ment to reduce drastically the dosages of heptachlor, It has been found that two treatments a year, three to six months apart, at a rate of a quarter of a pound per acre are as effective as the heavier one-shot treat- ment and are far less damaging to wildlife. Beyond this, Dr. Knipling says that his division has developed what entomologists consider the ideal for a chemical method of control. They have found a way of aiming their poison at the fire ant alone, First they found that peanut oil or soybean oil was peculiarly attractive to fire ants, Then they tried mixtures of these oils with various poisons and various methods of application to find a way of poisoning the fire ants that wildlife biologists could cer- tify as safe. They have come up with a sys- tem that, to judge from large- scale trials, seems to be the an- swer. Poison is mixed with soybean oil which is absorbed by finely ground corncobs. This bait is spread at a rate of 10 pounds per acre. Costwise, Dr. Knipling says, this method is much more econ- omical than the eld heptachlor treatment, Moreover, the poison itself has a concentration of only five grains per acre, This level seems to be quite safe for wild- life, which would not be particu- larly attracted to the corncob bait anyway. As for the ants, they take the bait back to their nests and in- troduce the poison to whole col- onies. The second example is widely regarded as one of the outstand- ing triumphs of entomology, It is the nonchemical control of the screwworm fly by a technique developed by Dr. Knipling and his colleague Raymond Bushland. * « «. To describe it briefly, the two cntomologisls learned to produce mete flies by the million and to render there sterile by irradia- tient, These males, released over large areas, interbred freely with the natural screwworm fly popu- lation. They overwhelmed the natural males and they produc- ed no offspring, The result has been virtual el- imination of screwworm flies, a very damaging Battle pest, in areas where the technique has been used. This is the kind of thing one means by biological control. It may be use of an insect's reproductive cycle to control its numbers. It may be a studied en- couragement of a pest's natural enemies, It may be introduction of some insect malady that will afflict a pest but harm nothing else. In every case, at least ideally, it is the skillful application of a thorough knowledge of a pest and of its interaction with the rest of nature. What is urgently needed today is a vigorous development and intelligent use of all types of pest oontrol, Dr, John L. George has summarized the situation in an article in the British journal, the New Scientist. "Few persons," he writes, "ser- iously recommend the abandon- ment of pest control, but many question that chemical treat- ment should be accepted as a matter of course. The latter should not be considered obstruc- tionists, for there are many un- desirable aspects of pesticide use, "To minimize wildlife damage . (one) should "I. Use chemical treatment only when entomological re- search has proved it to be nec- essary. . "2. Before pesticides are used, the effects on different kind of animals and on animals living in different habitats should be known and carefully considered. "3. Only minimum quantities of chemicals ... should be ap- plied. "4. Pesticides should not be ap- plied to areas that are any larger than necessary and the chemicals , should be the ones whose ef- fects are no more long-lasting than necessary. "5. Whenever possible, chemi- cals should be applied at the sea- sons of the year when wildlife damage will be least. "6. Serious effort should be made to be sure that pesticides are applied at no more than the intended rates and that no areas receive double doses. In large- scale treaments it is very diffi- cult to avoid areas of overlap or multiple treatment," Dr. George adds that these are minimal measures. Concurrent with them, he says, "more at- tention should be given to de- veloping chemicals that will be toxic specifically to one particu- lar group, .., n * n "Biological methods of control also should have more study," he says. He paints out that "other promising control methods in- clude planting and harvesting at particular tines, proper fertiliz- ation and rotation of crops, des- truction of insect wintering quar- ters, and manipulation of water. "Many research entomologists believe that the develop- ment of varieties of plants and animals that are resistant to troublesome insects and disease holds the greatest promise of all," The balanced approach to pest control that Dr. George advo- cates probably will not come un- til there is an aroused public awareness both of the dangers of the massive use of poisons and of the benefits of balanced eon- .trol. This awareness may grow out of the debate that is being spark- ed by Rachel Carson, 'Unfortunately, in her New Yorker articles she has focused so heavily on the negative as - ISSUE 36 — 1962 pot* chemical control that elle le drawing critiei'atn from some entomologists and other aeien- tiste who might tether 'loo. he her allies, „ They see tet 10nrll4'et til: much good work that has been done on netiritet. 1 s t3 control methods They also fe ei teat she has overstated the daieees of the ether/Item methods end ntited to consider tux mere, re, be no fit:> they have made pu, eibie, lot thllr con- nection, it should be nc:teld that, In her book, she does ire'lucie a 'chapter, dieettseing nunchemicai technique:. Leader's of the $300,000,000 pesticide industry, for their part, reportedly are irate, The Nation a l Agricultural Chemical Association and the 1Vlanufaeturing Chemists Associ- ation have criticized Miss Car- son's articles as a "misrepresent- ation" and a "di.sappointtnent," The trade journe] Chemical and Engineering News takes a more balanced view. "There can be no doubt that the balance of pesticides' contributions to humanity is heavily favorable," the journal says. It adds, however: "Careless- ness and callousness that allow injury or harm (to wildlife) are deplorable; strong measures need to be taken against theta. . Control adequate for safe use is possible. "The potentially much more serious long-term possibilities of damage from pesticides are not known. They are certainly a source of emotional as well as objective concern. Unless atten- tion is given to then, the etnn- tional is likely to outweigh the objective and perhaps prevent our ever establishing the facts, "Before this matter gets into the futile circus that can evolve in congressional hearings, an ap- propriate branch of the govern- ment, with full support from the pesticides industry, should set up an objective panel to evaluate the total available evidence." Certainly it would be unfortu- nate if the public debate Miss Carson seems to be stirring were to be muddied by emotionalism, either on the part of industry or of the pesticide critics, To arouse an apathetic public, she has underscored dangers and sharply criticized what she re- gards as the failure of both in- dustry and government to deal with these dangers candidly and effectively. But it is the misuse of poisons through negligence, willfullness, or ignorance that she is attack- ing, not the concept of chemical oontrol itself. "My contention," she writes, "is not that moderate chemical controls should never be used but, rather, that we must re- duce their use to a minimum and must as rapidly as possible de- velop and strengthen biological controls, , « o "I contend that we have put poisonous and biologically potent chemicals indiscriminately into the hands of persons who are largely or wholly ignorant of the harm they do. There is still a very limited awareness of the nature of the threat. "The public," she concludes, "must decide whether it wishes to continue on the present road, and it can do so only when it is in full possession of the facts." Regardless of the shortcom- ings of Miss Carson's presenta- tion, there is a statement of a very serious and very urgent public issue. It will not be re- solved by exchanges of recrimin- ations or self-justifying declara- tions bet w e e n promoters of chemical control and its critics. The time is more than ripe for experts of all persuasions to shake off their prejudices and join forces in a thorough restudy Cf: icf :I4 Y SCION £SSON ill Ito'•. 10. etarctaa Warren. B.A.. 8.1) Leadership In Crisis Nehemiah 3:141, 14 1:1:i, ;-11, • Metne y. Scripture: Yet now be strong., . . salth the- Lord, and 'work, ford am ,with you. Haggai 2:4. Ctiri,a,a,riheante l Jerusalem in 0 time of 011112'. Frnm him we C.111 learn notch ab0nt the c =t'01' tial qualitie.> 1„r any w110' 1,10' 00 give lead t ',ip In such a titr1C. -Nehemiah had 111 eau 0' cI, his haat. H, 618101 curl:iter; for money of fame. 11 e eared. So great ups the burden rX' (its wind when he heard and from friends that the walls were broken clown and the gates burned taitl, fire. that he could not 01orn 31 luso rrfef, even from the king. • Prayer '4'111 his constant source. of strength.- He •prayed wh"n he heard the news, and before he presented his request to the king and as 11c faced and overcame the difficulties throughout. He had great faith in God, When the Ctu `Iny was 1111,.10 intent on at- tc,eking them, lee could say. "Our God shall fight for us.” - Nehe*niah 1171,0 realistic. He loe.1ke'd into the worst of the situ - abut,, He did not minimize the enormity of the task or the strength of the opposition. ele rias ready tr, venture Lorth. He was; not an autocrat. He could enlist others in the cause. He told the men 'of God's guidance thus far, and then. said. "Let us rise up and build." Nehemiah 1.11000 a worker. He was no armchair leader. He shared in the sacrifice of com- forts. lie and the men closest to him did not remove their clothes during those -critical days, except for Washing. • Scorn and disdain heaped upon him did not turn -him from his purpose, Tobiah said, "If a fax go up, he shall even break down their stone wall." Nehemiah went on with the task. Nehemiah was 'wise in dealing with the opposition. He would not compromise nor would he stop the work to confer with them, He declared, "I am doing a great work, so that I cannot come down: why should the work cease, whilst I leave it, and come Clown to you?" Such a man was able to inspire his fellow workers. "The people had a mind to work." He intro- duced economic reforms, rebuk- ing the nobles and rulers who had had charged excessive inter- est against their brethren. Nehe- miah was a great leader, The walls were completed and the gates set in place, Praise was given to God. of pest control, They have a long neglected responsibility to inform the public of the com- plexities and to work out a sys- tem that is in the best long- range interests of mankind and the life forms with which we share the planet. Ilp`Irirr',e,ti r: 1e (' event Peeking STUBBORN -- Two Sinkiang, China, farmers shove a stub• born ram on a scale at a local sheep farm. According to official Soviet source from which photo come, the ram is an example of a new breed with bulky body and fine wool.