The Seaforth News, 1937-12-02, Page 7THURSDAY, DECEMBER 2, 1937
THE SEAFORTH: NEWS
PAGE SEVEN
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THE DAIRY INDUSTRY
Canada's dairy industry had its re-
mote 'beginning with the first intro-
duction of dairy rattle on this contin-
ent by Champlain. the founder of
Quebec, some tiute prior to ItoUl; and
for 28(1 years the "family" cow re-
mained cine of the most direct sources
of fund supply for the pioneer settler
and the small urban centres of the
day. It is ie the past fifty years, haw -
ever, that rhe caw has `been put on a
tutu business basis. has become tate
of the eliio nares of •farm income,
dignified as the ha -is of an industry,
sulhpected tii coleus enumeration, the
hive -tie -Mimi of seriuts scientists. the
solicitude „f 'tiaver11111cn1al depart -
mens and the :minable unable of "big hnsi-
ne;,'••
()ut reason for chi; is apparent.
l'he value of dairy .products in '18)3h
frac ;124.1X,2138,128 as compared with a
value of $204,8,35I)OO placed on C':r
mi.'s entire ',shoat (mop,
But 1'auadiatts batt•, in i'cei•ll
year?, cnn•unu•d le -s than 41) per ten,
:If total milk consumption do liquid
.1.0001010001••••••1•110a
form. Cuik of the milk ,produced
(45.5 per rent in 103S) was used in
the manufacture of creamery and
dairy butter, 738 per cent of mile pro-
duced n -as used in the manufacture
of cheese and ilt$ per cent was taken
up by miscellaneous products, which
include eoicleneerl milk, (ivaitortuted
milk, milk .powdc r. cream powder,
condensed coffee, and last but not
least. ire eream. liy,products of the
manufacture of concentrated trill:
products are cnidensed skint millet ev-
aporated skint milk, skint -milk pow-
der. condensed hniterntilk, bittcrutiik
ponder. casein and sugar of milk. l''he
lase lamed is a highly refined. slightly
sweet line ponder used a, ;t liartitics•
hast in the snaking „f pills by ,lrug-
gists twbile casein which loots. and
•tial:., like resin i, used toy' ttiiutnfac_
tuners,
110th producer afd consumer feel
highlycompetent to discuss the fail-
ings ,.f the distributor who collects,
processes and litarkrt: tttilk and it,
pro,htsts, Zalliongh the product, Wray
lir soh) in world markets in eimmeti-
tion with the dairy ,products of other
countries. Ilt is 'indeed one amusing
chlaracteriseic of the industry that
qualified representatives of each of
its component parts ,periodically offer
gratuitous criticism and advice on
h'ow the other titan's business is car
should 'be run.
Canadian dairy operations are car-
ried on - in. 1 arinu.s type, +r factories,
for the most. part small ihnt numerous,
There is the 'butter plait or creamery
and the cheese factory, each specializ-
ing in its •own iprodnct and using milk
front its ow -u Locality. while in some
cases the sante plant makes Thoth but-
ter and cheese. There is the condens-
er). or evaporating ,plant, the milk
powder plan. ,th( Tec cream plant and
the urban pasteurizing. and distribu-
tt tt•plant for timid milk.
tt'4tile the dairy industry has 'devel-
oped, with the growth of large urban
(papulation, far beyond its relatively
simple s'tructurc of - fifty year ago,
tvhett the eon,u0ler tither i,twtied the
cow or knew the cow's owner person-
ally. the industry as a whole remains
decentralized and will so remain. Evi-
dence of this de -centralization ie seen
in the large number of small units in
the .field while the largest units, nw'n-
ing and operating prorrssing plants
and distrihttting systems in various
parts of the cotmtry are, quite ohvi-
nu sly, .only able to centralize ;t'tltttin-
istrative; executive and financial de-
partments. Each municjlp'abity and
each milk plant has only a limited ar-
ea, or milk -shed, from which it can
secure raw milk on an economic basis,
-lodern ,transportation -has enlarged
these mild: -sheds tremendously to
comparison with 135 years ago: Tor-
onto's milk -shed, for example. extends
1150 miles to the ,west and 1111)0 miles to
the east, over -lapping the milk -sheds
of malty lesser tttittiripalitiet Even
so, the size of the shed is determiner)
by demand and price.
The dairy industry dm eloped in the
United titattcs and Canada itt its
ern form in the latter part of the Its,
century with the :beginning of faetory
nutnufacture of cheese and butter, the
introduction of the cretun separator
froitt Denmark, the use of the ilah-
roek Butterfat test to determine the
richness of milk, and the development
of refrigeration.
With the increase in urban popmhl-
tious, 0001 4401<r. of the ,airy bum,
try. besides hatter end cheese tttanu-
feeture, emer:;ed 1„ simply nett nerds.
111 Phe early dhy. of our tuw'tt, the
Milk count• iron, 0 "amity" con.
from small it rrls the; ;implied neigh-
borhoods. 'I hese method: became ;11 -
adequate as urban people hieanto•
mora and more divorced front the soil,
that the distribution in of fluid milk
hal to 11r organized for larger slpgdivs
anal 1ongar transportation. Except in
rural districts, tIlo "family" cow tend -
earl
t - smolt'
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THE SEAFORTH NEWS
Form 400
SEAFORTH:, ONTARIO.
ed to 'disa'ppear, and herds increased
to supply .target. and larger area ,
Some mixed farmers belgan 'to ypecial-
ize as dairymen, and, as their husd
Hess grew with the 'growing demand,
sotne of then incorporated thettt-
selve into the tttilk companies that
we know today,
Antt!tlter great sects:ity in the city
milk ihn mess is the heavy cost n
sanitary methods of quickly handling
a perishable product, the cost of fit
trihution and the loss through break
agar and tion -rection „f. bottles. 1'h.•
most important element in the cost t
utdlim> n111.. .tut if. r xln�ts ,
health o,.•trattee. This a.—trance , ,t-
sists ni eternal .sanitary- vigilanee end
till' Itlainte'lance of the 'melte •lt the
product trout the time it Mete. the
farm ,until 11 reeelies the m -tone». in
the course of witirlt pasteurization itis
tetri cration play important. parts.
Today the farmer's most remuttera-
tiie (von If dairying is in selling fluid
milk to these efts distributors. The
reasons for the farmer's receiving ht'
highest mire for milk sold front door-
to-door itt the city is partly 'becans;
of the higher cost of 'producing mirk
that will meet municipal health rt
gntrentent•, and partly ^because the
area from which this .milk may he
drawn is limited by the distance the
inspectors of the city health depart-
ment eau travel to inspect farms, and
by the •cost of 'transportation to the
city-. Therefore farmers producing
milk for resale in fluid form in locali-
ties where conte al production are
high do not have to compete directly
with lower costs of p;otluctinit in oth-
er parrs of the coumtrv, except where
they protlnee more than the city e,mt-
cumcs in fluid forst.
If the farmers producing mina for
city use .were able to` obtain as match
for all their milk a- thin tin for the
Portion old as market milk, or if they
dtteed only tmnm;lt to supply the
city's rdetuand, there tvmild be ten
rtmtroversies with the farmer, about
Prices.
Rmt the fluid milk market can al,
sorb usually out} a'ltont half the mill:
llrodaecd in the -milk-shed" or tdeiry-
ittg area surronndin'a the idly. The
other 'half of this mill, supply ha: to
be made into batt r, chei•se, evaporat-
ed milk and the loss. The vain• of this
milli rack, dirt•c11c iy;ti, elm nepotist
cllivr< Price of hoist chee.,
r:utu• battier and rhre.< unlike the
prrisSabh• fluid milk, em be trans-
ported readily :writ,, . the rinintry,
their ;Heir, competes it ith the hitt ter
mid cheese price nhtainin> any".viper
in tile country of any time. Thi,
the main nasion wily 'tine butter ;,11.1
Owes, trice to consumer, .is le,• than
tient for 'fluid milk. And as the distri-
Innin'x rompalliea get a empar•,I'vely
'tter price for batter. chee -e and Tito
otinr l,rndoets' of simples pill, the,
c'vin• •• nay to the farmer for milk
it, if in the manufacture of these rotm-
lu,,,liti,•s ninth ;s they }tar for
miff to , ldin. fluid forst
f he rt i t 1 that the aye t c poli
farmers receive for all tie it. mils
Melt that used for Ilu,d sale tail ;> e
other . purposes is determined by lest,,
'tntrlr- can be sold by distri'iottt i•< a,
fluid milk i0 towns and cities.
1t should be noted that the Price
which the distributing romtp.auies ob_
s'i'r, For , ottle•'i mills is not the aver-
- _,tire Tdtl.: average 1- consider
t',ly l.,wer than the !hottled price. til.
t ! ,b.•salt ;m'it'e• to stores. restaurants.
l.o1cis awl ,o•"itch rr,lneinn the av-
,•ra,,c cett¢s a glma•t'lit-
loo the pr,0tailln4 home prit,•-
'fo insure that milk is drawn Duly
front healthy cows, the herd. stable
fwd dairy apparatus is constantly in-
spected both by i'ity- Metall denart-
:ittltt official, and Try tt('pe.,l t- 07 the
Ilisrnilmtinu• commode:. Some of toe
ranking distributing companies in 01
iitr, which would be excellent: hitt (1
milkman would still have . to he paid
the sante good wage that he maw rc-
ceive:.
In the ;:as, milk, the producer
who attai,.,.. he necessary quality
ba -i- and whose market is the cream-
ery and cheese: factory, the tempta-
tion i: very - re'at to accent Any ;trice
for milk above that iireeinery
clionoe factors. 'till,, plus e„.'t of
transportation. 1 Int • ail ttrtiticial price
likely to boost.- down whet the dif-
fer,ntiel creat, s ra temptation for lar
tie le truck -driver, milk floater air!
tither.,, wins, ,+ mitt hay... to ,hare it!
the ,,,-called tiled profit.
Leader, among ' einem-, 'f fltti?
mill: u e 99th: fi!i- t(thetics
;Atte t t them at 1 s, .- ars c,mtitmt'a'!t.
preaching tr, their membership the
wisdom iti moderation. Insofar a„
moderation obtains it way M. (-epee
cal that the tnitk control :tie,
Main and he in soup' ' •. ❑ 'lel slut
to the milk producer.
There are t wo trends e. 'long the
dealer, r tr whether milk contre is
suit Misr•• than a palliative, juotined
only b5 the extremities of •til great
dcpre:ion, (Ander milk control law:
1(Vernntemts are supervising many (le-
til- of the milk industry, and but—
ru-e' expense is enhanced materially be-
cause of the necessity for filling out
the multifarious forms and returns
which the 'government authorities
treed its their work.
The fixing of Ituying and selling
priors for still: in vu'triepalitan areas
has
re --
has been delegated r,i control boards
in reecnt years: The most eontpre-
teu ive forms of regulation' are in the
province: of Ontario :and if ttebee, al-
though there is sonic measure Of con-.
trot i0 \cava Scotia. as regards 1-ittli-
fax; in Manitoba as regards Winni-
peg, and in ftri'tis11 Columbia for V an-
tom'et•. The. 1\'utniper r(-gulation 1,
the oldest in Carmelo. slating from Ihel32
and a ndw late was passed in April
11037. staking milk a public ttti?ity- hp
1icettsinv producer and distrihnti,r
Hud controlling, 'both ,apply and
price, 'As the ()markt law rover, the
entire province hnwcvet' at d,•scrintinn
of its est/TC;e(iait is probably the most
useful.
The justification for the ()ntari,
milk tnntrul law' Is that in the tle;ults
of the d ;,session the farmers were
faced wit!t the tree-ity of selling
high grade dttid ,uilh t., the cities at
price: tittle better than eon?tl be ole..
altmeet for orifi: delivered to cheese
ct„ries. l?tory,nit. ,vitt any know -
h lgr it' the initurtry r,-,. ,.(ttzt•s •loci
.0
farmer liroihmitm. Me -1„ meeker
is emptied to :tit , `,tl s n,t . ta;et
rve,•ired .11 Ib,. orealM•ry or
cheese ,.,.-tory. Thie higher prit'e
slr.nild ;,, only COM: 0q1car the Iso ni_
+in , ,P1 .,1 tran<•nort'tioa front'
tile t'trtn to t1'
•c•r„gniz, th;a he 1,au ler .gr'att•r
rit'o.dn'tiotr :;rester pro-
dueliots }nen'a
e ha- t, do i t ttia the
,.gyne: molt Ut< hood to permit a
t m90 1 s t t,thl t tit 11,
it ttttst ht
-sail. mill. and .d art !, -h quality oh-
tain.thle only from a hr a ids herd -
.\
et 1.1 f:n•u,r ,,rode iii milk for t=ar try
nutsi a nsvr t• r,' a t.,iltutc•.,t. His
-ttillc }too -c must ite a cert,iu
tante- front tile• Mem; it must be elr•en
mul he ,- required let nwitttai•' n saths-
f;ietctr,' 'e e,lir)a s� ate•nt. _
lit foram' di*, '.0i':1 :1:1,1
r.•-dSrown 0 it.r',. yy;rr Co, ani}
means of teitlisteirtatiiin. the city in[lr-
l:ct Ata 1, nice( -d 11• Mill.; l,;orhn-cr:
wins 1100 to the , it.ttt, rail
tii,c• w
:,h •' lived :lo.. to a milt,;}
station ,ln a iine ,in is ,tag opera,
ted ., ronveniettt ntiik train. ]tart this
protection, d;it. t, limitation, of trots -
port ,
rots -•!tort, was elitumated completeiy by
the dtvelopmem of the motor timid:
toil the c,,i-tructinn Of motor high.
nays. Today there is nil reason why
any farmer )vin within .t raditt, of
111 chile, from -I pronto. for i»>t;titee,
cannot shin milk to the city, if rc.
quired.
Motor tracks and higltwacty, v, ere in
existence 'before the depression hut -
the rontpat';tti.vele load prices obtain-
ed tor butter and cheese prior to 111311.
kept -a great deal of surplus milk out
of Urban utarket, After 183(3 with the
decline in better and t'htese prices,
and because of the relative stability of
fluid milk price,; more anti more fai-
nters sought it special market for their
milk products.
The consequence was that by 11112
it appeared inevitable that the (price to
the farmer would 'break seriously un -
les' a-reetnents to maintain reason-
able Prices were hacked up with the
Force of law, i'o tins reason the first
Ontario \)ilk Control ;.Act was p1
ed- This act p n'i,drd. that lien 'the
producers a.n.1 d riliiity/r- !lad -agreed
on 0,nriet• for fluid both' -to the
farmer ane', to the vontttnter. the -3!ilk
Coe 1! 'a of would reject i ,r con-
firm ,t. 1s the event of the ;omit—
Illa-tion of the r. I t'tr and n,n ter
price guy d :'i;at.on fro -111 tl ut
tyrs IntilisliaY, int the c•,,nrts. titnrc
that time the ,rt has , varied in
sonic particulars, and it is probably
safe to say now that the iO'ntario Milk
Control !pard is a 'price-fixing rather
than a price reviewing body.
nn pafticndarly high-tatmla' t and
nay premiums to 50111 el<atc the far-
mer= for meeting these requirements.
The farmer's most exacting. tasks arc
to keap his .animals and .place ch.:or,
to handle the ;milk by sanitary meth-
ods, to cool it 'p -ornptly and to do
quickly whatever part is required of
hint in getting the milk to the dairy
or receiving station.
Iii the scatter of delivery- it ie some-
times contended that a saving could
be trade 'by 110011tg all deliveries er-
ecte=d .by one organization and thus re-
moving an apparent lack of economy
in duplication of rotates. There woitldi
however. be :very little saving in nag -
ons, horses or the number of route
uteri employed; for the same amount
of milk wctttld have to the delivered
under any systeir, and as the wagons
now get out loaded, it is difficult to set
where there would he a saving it
equipment. It might be thought aha
a sating could be gained in the milk-
men's time; buthe non eptini-le... n'tly
26) 9per cent of hit time on hl:
With morn compact routes1 the still
man would mat have to dote so fa,.
and he would 'therefore spend ?ase
time on his wagon; but this saving
would he made out </f only L'tl per
cent of his whole time, (Besides, it
would be titue saved only for the
milkman, who 'might !get home earl -
O H. McInnes
iropractor
Electra Therapist — Massage
Office. — Commercial Hotel
Hours—Mon. and Thurs, after
no0ns and by appointment
FOOT CORRECTION
by manipulation.—Sun-ray treat -
Ment
Phone 227,
1
SKY PILGRIMS
Winter two, at haunt ',lid the hakes,
n'i pools ',si the far \,trth
..lylnl; lhei' ,vcrin_t id ice Water-
t>wt, were making ready for their
lone flight to the South. Trumpeter
,Tran. , litre, and Intro ttbitr; Ross'
ua11 and also pure white with
black flight feathers; teals, hl'uc-
w-utgred green -winged and cinnamon;
the demo -diving riembill; small, tree-
I oostnt t btrdfieltead , and ma1T, anti -
fighting. ruddier; all were ready for
this long. lorag fli.giti
Soon they ^rot into the air and with
them wutt Canada geese, ratalas-b'ack
dereks, redheads. :scau!p, goldeneyea.
and others,
'Flying through tate highest depths
of sky, and led by Canada geese in At
formation. the waterfowl are soon in
tate wale of a group' of migrating
hawk.. Sharp -shinned hawks, thirteen
inches long with tipper parts of slaty
gray and tails three inches 'longer
than their wing tips with white and
-black streaked throats; Cooper's
hawk, nineteen inches long, darker
than the sharp -shinned and having
rounded tail feathers; Small, but pow-
erittl, these Coopers are swift flying.
blood -thirsty .pirates, in spite of their
beautiful coloring.
As the w'aterfuwl' gain ' on the
hawks, the hawks suddenly go 'higher
so din waterfowl may .fly 'beneath
theta• Attd a: the waterfowl fly ahead.
tate hawks allow- them to pass name_
?e -ted, for these !hawks are migrating,
itot hauling?
':after several days and nights of
something far below attracts
the attention of the waterfowl.
Below is a large 'lake. surrounded by
a ivery Ingot wire fence. Within this
enclosure are hundreds of other w^at-
etri'l tel, h'quacking” and"calling"
while they swine and eat.
The waterfowl begin describing „
large chicle, then a smaller circle. and
then a still smaller ones
While the waterfowl tete flying
Mom- and lower, a Hoek of tioitdcn
,ti"errs, scot ahead of thetics
had neglect its tae ,k'o'tio region an l
,acre non on tlicif trip to Smith Ant.
erica. 1)urittg their Wein of int•nt.-
fdit• hundred stiles, they will sh,•.1 ard
take• un an entirely tiitfero'tt col,,•.
They art- tion 'mail: of >rt tats
ides with the }trona feathers of Mete
tocto and erg 1i1 tippet/ With
100 Flow'ewyl•, glint i t th, II ;1110 0l•
ready- begun the tuo,llt:na t tongs 4:..1
their color is ?lemenin, grayish a;t't
few yel;otv-tinted feethert all
there, Finally 1111! ..tent wt, lir.,urtr
a ',bode of gray'
'1s the rioters. go ahead toward tie.
`,otitic, the ,eater:e•wt begin alit'ttn,.,
in the huge lake beneath thein, Ili a•.
in this Mkt. and along its margin girl•
oats lands o. autistic food, hate 'torn
plant,'. Here are ,vh.i;r :tater tics,
growing in the dot':ow water; lemma
water lilies; spattcrelock, whose .ted
is relished by all waterfowh Amer' -
ran loots with its ntagnitiecnt pale cel-
lon times; wild celery, especially fa-
vored by eanta'baeks; nantttec duck
emelt (Inek potatoes and other foods.
The waterfowl remain Isere in the.
"sanctuary" or "'refuge” for several
clay's. They are protected and well fed.
lint 0 sudden change iu the weather
seams them that freezing, time is at
hand, .So once again they ;et into the
iHa•dh' 'have the waterfowl started
South once more, 'before -they are fly-
ing side by side votith thousand- of
other birds. But these birds are very
snarl "indeed, They are ruby-fhruate,i
humming birds. the smallest of birds,
yet among the swiftest flyers, Now
they seem to be going forward with
the speed of rifle balls. 'buzzing on
and on. tip and down, always headed
toward the Southland. They will fly
straight across the s a ell •hundred
miles of the l( ill of Mexico and spend
'the ; winter ,in Panama or some of the
emintries of South America,
The waterfowl also continue their
journey southward aitd as one stands
and watches !'hent fade from sight in-
to the tar -off heat -ens, he is reminded
of Ilrvant's lines:
Tho i rt mane the abyss of Maven
Hath swallowed lop thy fleeting form;
yet on my heart.
•17teply hath stink the lesson thou hast
.i yeti:
;1rtd"sdtall not spin depart:"
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