The Seaforth News, 1937-08-19, Page 7THURSDAY, AUGUST 19, 193'1
THE SEAFORTH NEIhrS
PAGE ST)VEN
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State f ents
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Phony 84
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MOLTEN EARTH THEORY
!HELD UNSETTLED
'New evidence showing the earth
may never have been elle totally mol-
ten gldbe once supposed by .natural
scientists, was presented to the Am-
erican Association for the Advance-
ment of 'Science at Denver, by D.
Rollin T. Chamberlain, of Chicago,
dean of Annerican geologists.
While Professor Chamberlain .pre-
sented his reasons for discarding a
theory of earth's origin from flaming
hot gases in favor of a gradual ac-
cumulation of exceedingly small bod-
iee celled 'planetesimals," a paper by
one of Soviet 'Russia's foremost as-
tronomers, Dr. L. A. Kulik of the
Russian Academy of 'Science, gave
long awaited proof that the disturb-
ance in Central Siberia which shook
the earth one June morning in 1904,
setting delicate instruments the world
over in action, has been correctly at-
tributed to a gigantic exploding met-
eorite.
"It is natural to think that. if the
earth passed through a completely
molten stage," said Dr, Chamberlain,
"its material would have,become ar-
ranged in concentric shells, lighter
above -and heavier beneath."
That such an arrangement is ac-
tually observed in the layers making
up the earth, is taken as proof of the
gaseous origin by those who still
hold to this theory, but Professor
Chamberlain feels the sante shells
could have developed ina globe
"which .grew by slow accretion as a
solid body as well as in a liquid
globe. The concentric cores there-
fore, have no necessary bearing upon
the theories.
'Our outermost shell," declared
Professor Chamb erlain, "dominantly
granitic, .•teems to have a varying
thickness of from 10 to 30 kilometers
or more on the continents. Beneath
this, the material apparently becomes
increasingly heavier. That such an
arrangement of material would inev-
itably develop in the earth, whatever
its antecedents, has ,been brought out
by IA. N. Winchell.
"He has called attention to the fact
that wherever liquid magma formed
in the outer part Of the earth, separa-
tion would ensue, with the .sinking of
the heavierconstituents and the rise
of the lighter; that granitic magmas
and necks are lighter than basaltic;
that they contain about twice . as
much heat -producing radioactive ele-
ments; that they are liquid et about
209 degrees centigrade lower temper-
ature than the 'basalts; and that being
more liquid and 'prone •to rise, granite
es would be sweat outward with
more :basic rooks beneath.
"Local reservoirs of liquid magma
developed here and there from time
to time during the long history of the
earth, may Well be produced the ir-
regular outer shell of granite in a
globe which was Bever completely li-
quid at any time."
The several deeper cores of heavy
•materials extending back to the
earth's center are postulated from the
'behavior of earthquake waves which
show characteristic behavior when
passing through the various cores.
However 'i't is not necessary to postu-
late abrupt chemical changes at these
depths.
Dr. Chamberlain, in fact, feels it is
most unsafe to do so. "Professor
Bridgman," he said, "experimenting
with ice- and other sulbstances, pro-
duced some very unexpected changes
in physical properties even under the
pressures with the earth may like-
wise cause changes in physical prop-
erties at the several depths. Such
would not be an inheritance from a
molten globe. I'n ,fact the planetesi-
mal hypothesis (aggregation of small
bodies in space ranging in size from a
molecule ttp to a planetoid) suggests
a possible explanation of the suppos-
ed aggregation of metallic iron in the
inner core."
Natural scientists as a class are sel-
dom demonstrative regarding the
work of their contemporaries, but the
enthusiasm with which Dr. Kwlik's
paper on the Siberian 'meteorite Of
lune 30, 11m, was received, showed
the gratitude which is felt toward
"the only man in the world capable
of obtaining desired facts regarding
this fail," "the chap who has several
times risked his life to explore a me-
teoritic crater region almost as inac-
cessible as the craters on the moon."
'Dr, Kulik review .briefly the evid-
ence which caused experts to assume.
that at tremendous meteorite had fall-
en: till) Earthquake and microbaro-
traph records pointing to a "disturb-
ance" on the earth's surface "same
where in Central Siberia." (20 Re-
ports from native Siberians over a
radius of 1100 kilometers from the dis-
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THE SEAFORTH NEWS.
SEAFORTI-I,
ONTARIO.
tur'bance center that they heard
"thunder" on the morning in 'ques-
tion. 030 Tales of natives who saw a
great "column of fire" reaching ,to
the sky. (4) Heavy cloud., of dust
reaching to the stratosphere and
causing 'unusually brilliant sunsets
and "night dawn`s." (15) A felling and
searing of all trees away Pram the
center and within a 30 -mile radius of
the supposed fall.
Dr. IKulik led the Initial expedition
in 11931 which gave rise to his origin-
al interpretation df the ,phenomenon
as meteoritic. His opinions were giv-
en no credence by astronomers or
geologists, however, until addition&
data was presented in 1111215 and '11926,
following a 'second expedition. At
that time, tales of the tremendous
windfall some 120 kilometers pc more
in diameter were verified. He found
an area several kilometers in radius
were the trees had !been felled like
matchsticks, their trunks painting to-
ward a center located in a Frazer
morass.
Since then, several expeditions led
by Kulik have managed to penetrate
to the region of the fall, and this
time he reported to the Society for
Research on Meteorites that he had
located the crater, matte earth bor-
inge in it, and recovered meteoric
bits of nickel -iron together with .blue
silicate glass, formed through the 'fu-
sioai of sand melted by tremendous
Beat released on impact.
"There can no longer be any doubt
but that the Siberian disturbance of
Jurte 30, 11908, was caused by a giant
meteorite of the type not experienced
on earth since the dawn of civiliza-
tion," commented L. F. Brady, me-
teor specialist of the Mesa Roach
School, Mesa, Ariz. Dr. H. H. Nin-
inger, newly elected president of the
Meteor Research Society, paid hearty
'tribute to this contribution from Rus-
sian investigation advising immediate
publication of the full report in Eng-
lish. - -
The Wheat Crop -
Wheat has been cut in the major-
ity of sections of 'Ontario. Huron
'County reports considerable variation
in fall wheat yields, the majority run-
ning between 25' and 36 !bushels to the
acre but with one farmer reporting a
crop 'averaging 48 bushels per acre.
Ten carloads of heavy cattle were
consigned from Huron to New' York
State markets recently. Peel County
reports yield of wheat Pram 26 to 441
bushels per acre,- the sample varying
from fair to gaod. Waterloos crop of
fall wheat runs from 30 to 36 bushels
per acre, as doe.; that of 'Welling'ton.
Livestock are reported in excellent
condition in that district as 'pasture
has not been so goad in a great
many years. Haying has continued
late in many of the southern counties
glue to unsuitable weather for curing.
York County reports good yields of
wheat, but with considerable rust
showing up.
Insect Damage
Official reports on damage done by
insects at the end of June in various
parts 61 Ontario are as follows:
The Seed Corn Maggot or Bean
Maggot, as it is often called, has des-
troyed many acres of beans and corn
in thee counties of Essex, Kent, El-
gin, Middlesex and Norfolk. This in
many cases has necessitated replant-.
ing.
Wireworms have caused a good
deal of damage to corn, potatoes, to-
bacco, grain and sugar beets, but have
apparently not been more numerous
than usual in the Province as a whole.
Cutworms, in the eastern part of
Ontario, have been much scarcer than
leua•1, In the rest of the province they
have •dare some damage here and
there, but there has 'been no serious
outbreak.
Pea Aphids are now threatening
many 'fields of canning peas in wide-
ly'Sep:arated ,districts. In Northum-
berland county a few fields are al-
ready ruined.
White Grubs have done severe in-
jury to grass, mangoids, and other
plants on some farms, especially in
Cenbral Ontario, but not as many re-
ports of damage have been received
as was expected.
Rose Chafers (!Rose Bugs) during
the latter pant of the month, emerged
in large numbers and are now attack-
ing strawberry plants, raspberries,
roses, fruit trees and vineyards. The
insects are limited to districts where
there is much light sandy land, as it
is in .such waste lands thatt they breed.
Grass 'hoppers in pants of Mani-
toulin are aibundant ,enough to require
applications of 'p'oiso'n bran 'bait.
Onion Maggots are much more nu-
merous than they have !been for sev-
eral years in practically all parts of
the province.
Cabbage Maggots are also very eb-
undant.
in a clay 'field in M'iddl'esex, but else-
where do not eeenn to have don any
appreciable damage.
. How to Start Beekeeping
(Due to an increasing demand and
the good prices received for honey
many p•eapie are being attracted bo
beekeeping as a means of making- a
livelihood or of supplementing a re-
duced income from other sources.
Beekeeping, however, like all other
lines of endeavour •eelqu'ires experi-
ence to make it as .successful' under-
taking, and many a beginner has fin-
ally given up in disgust just for the
want of it. 'D'elbails of management
cannot be given in any article such as
this but to gain experience in the
manipulation of bees the
:beginner is
well advised to ,spend at leant one full
eeason working with an experienced
beekeeper before purchasing bees for
himself. !Fulling this the next best
method is to obtain one or two col-
onies, a good text hook and eo visit
nearby beekeepers as often as 'poss-
ible. A beginner is often mislead into
baying his first lot of bees during
late summer 'or in the .fail; this is a
mistake and Ibitkaely to cause a lot of
trouble and possible loss of the co'I-
onies. The best time of the year to
start beekeeping is during the spring,
for if anything is wrong with the col-
onies it can be reotlfied during the,
summer but not during. the winter.
Often bees are purchased; by a begin-
ner as a bargain when a little experi-
ence would show that they would be
ex -pensive as a gift. Never buy bees
unless they are in movable frame
hives of not less Shan ten frame sire,
and that they are absolutely free
from disease. Furthermore, be sure
that each colony is headed with a
good -queen. Do not buy colonies of
bees from a nearby beekeeper and
move them during the active season,
for if you do the field force of the
colony will return to their old home
and your colony will be left in a weak
condition, To prevent this the calor-
ies should be moved at least two!
miles. .A new swarm can be moved
anywhere, All the way through die
active season there are problems of
manipulation upon which almost ev-
eryone is anxious to give the begin-
ner some advice, which if accepted
more often than not leads to trouble.
The Fruit Crop
Western Ontario (Toronto West)
Weather and meeisture conditions
have been favourable for good tree
and foliage growth during the pest
month. Frnut development has been
generally road, 'flit' total apple crap
in Western Ontario. is expected to be
311 per cent greater than last year.
All the main varieties of apples show
indications of average :to above aver-
,te crops with the exception of Spys
which are below normal, Good spray-
ing - ractire Inc resulted in 'con -trod
of scab, fungus and insect pests in
practically a'i'l commercial orchards.
Sweet cherries were affected by
wet weather during harvesting and
eoneidcrable decay, splitting and soft-
ness of fruit resulted. A considerable
tonnage was purchased by process-
ing plants. Sour cherries have sized
well and are practicallyfree from in-
sect or disease injury. -The " total
cherry crop in the province is well
below last year, being estimated at
85,900 bushels as compared with 1:12,-
0000 bushels in :ilftlh. The pear crop
has developed well and .quality prom-
ises to be good. The set is quite
patchy and is estimated to show a de-
crease o'f 315 per cent in Western 'On-
tario. The total production far the
province is expected to be in the
uetgh:horh+wd .of 11271500 bushels- as
against 1t96.814Y01 busite'e dart year.
Muni trees are reported to be in a
healthy condition and fruit is sizing
Nell with prarti'rally complete free-
dom from fungus and insect pests,
except in poorly sprayed orchards.
The June drop was comparatively
light and total prodarction is placed
at 516,00100 bushels as compared with
411a2i00 'bushels in 191316. 'The peach
crap is very .pnomising with yield es-
timated at sumac, bushels as compar-
ed with 4132,3(00 bushels last year.
Grape vines are making good growth
and.' henry develo'pmen't is satisfactory
to date. An average crop is anticipat-
ed. Grape leafleopped is well 'under
control, but there- le 'a slight amount
of mildew and dead arta 'in'j'ury in a
few gratpenies.
The acreage of processing tomatoes
in Western Ontario is estimated at
25„700 acres as against 116,600 acres
last year, and in 'Eastern 'O'ntario at
8,970 acres as compared with 030 in
119316. The crap is dev'elaping well
with 'present condition reported above
average and much larger than last
year when the crop was affected by
draught,
Du Hu Wines
chiropractor
Electro Therapist — Massage
Office — Commercial Hotel
Hours—Mon. and Thurs, after
noons and 'by app-o'intmetvt
FOOT CORRECTION
by manipvdati.o•n—Sen-ray treat” .
rent
Phone 2227.
Station, ;Fredericton, N.13., ti
are separated when the chic•!.
from 16 to '9 weeks of age. ITh'
er houses are moved to a de
area on which there -were no
ens for at least one year an
res
are
ad
lue
c'hickene are confined to a yard until
they are between three and Four
months of age. They are then moved
to a range on which there were. no
chickens the previous year, A Pas-
ture field or a meadow from which. an
early crop of hay has been taken is
ideal for• this ,purpose. Range shelters
constructed of two inch material and
enclosed with wire netting provide
sufficient shelter and allow ample
ventilation for as many birds, for
which roosting space is provided, A
feed hopper• which is protected with
a. roof is located near the range shelt-
er, If the fields are used for pasture
for -live stock, a temporary fence,
which provides access only to ehic'k-
ene is built around the feed hopper.
Water is supplied in troughs. This
method of watering is preferable to
allowing the 'birds to drink from
springs or - 'creeks, as these places
provide conditions 'which are favour-
able for the spreading of parasites.
MIQRATORY BIRDS
The National "Parks !Service of the
Department of Mines and ;Resources, •
Ottawa, has just issued the •regatta-
tions regarding !Migratory ',Birds for
the current year.
A summary of the regulations as
they ,apply to southern Ontario:
Ducks, (Geese (other than Brant)
!Rails, iCoats, Wilson's -or Jack -Snipe
-open season (except in the coun-
ties of .Essex and :Kent), October 1 to
November 310,• -
Closed Seasons—IThtere is a closed
season throughout the year on Brant,
Wood 'Ducks, Swans,: Cranes, Curlew,
Wil1ets, Godwits, Upland 'Plover,
Black=bellied and 'Golden Plover,
Greater and Lesser Yellow -legs; A'v-
oce'ts, Wowitchers, 'Knots, Oyster=
catchers, -Phalaropes, S'til'ts, Safe
birds, Turnstones and all the shore
birds not provided with an open sea-
son in above schedule.
There is a closed season through-
out the year on the .fallowing non -
game birds:
Auks, Aukiets, Bitterns, ,Fulmars,
Gannets, (Grebes; 'Guillemots, (Gu•lis,
Herons, Jaegars, Loons, Murree., Pet-
rels, Puffins, Sheai'waters and Terns;
and there - a closed season throug'h-
ou't the year on the following insect;-
varous 'birds; Bobolinks, Catbirds,
Chickadees, •Cuckoos, :Flickers, Fly-
catchers, 'Grosbeaks, lHu-mmingbirds,
;Kinglets, Martins, Meadowlarks,
Nighthawks or Builebats, Nuthatches,
Orioles, Robins, Shrikes, Swallows,
Swifts, Tanagers, Titmice, Thrushes,
vireos, Warblers, Waxwings, Whip
por-wills, Woodpeckers, and 'Wrens,
and all bther perching birds which
feed entirely or .chiefly on insects.
No person shall kill, Bunt, capture,
injure, take or molest any migratory
game birds during the closed season;
and no person shall sell, expose for
sale, offer for sale, buy, trade or traf-
fic in any migratory game 'bird .at any
time.
'T'i'e taking .of the nests n•r eggs of
migratory game, migratory insectiv
oroiis and migr-a•to•ry non -flame binds
is prohibited.
The'killin;g, hunting, capturing,tak-
ing or nio•lesting of migratory insecti-
vorous and migratory non -game
birds, their nests or eggs is prohibited.
I'Ilhe use of automatic (auto -lead
ing) .guns unless the magazine has
been permanently plugged or altered
so that 11 will not carry more than
one cartridge, or swivel, or machine
guns, or battery, or any gun larger
Mau nuttvber 110 gua'ge is prohibited,
and the use of an 'aeroplane, power-
boat, sail boat, live birds as decoys,
night dight, and shooting from any
horse-drawn or Weber vehicle is for-
bidden., The 'hunting of Migratory
Game Birds on ,areas baited with'graht
or other .artificial food is prohibited.
Persons using blinds or decoys for
hunting migratory game birds .are
urged to consult the Regulations .for
details of the restriction upon this
method of hunting.
The shooting of migratory -tonic
birds earlier than sunrise or later than
sunset is pr;thihited,
The penalty for violation o.i the mi-
gratory hied laws is a fine of not
more than three hundred dollar:, and
not leas than ten dollars, o -r in-person
nuns fora terns not exceeding six
monthe. or 'both fine and imprison-'
Chickens on Range
Tent Caterpillars, both the eastern Chickerie require less attention
and the forest species, have finished while on range than at any outer
their feeding and are now pupating. time, and, if a few simple precautions
The moths begin to appear in a week for ltrndurin well -grown vigorous
,er two. - - -Om* with a tnin111111 tt antopnt of le -
1 webworms cause the destruchour and expease.
-
(tion of around 30 per cent or the corn
At the tDemin ion :Experiuncntel