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HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe Seaforth News, 1943-12-23, Page 1,11,114401111111111n11IMIM IIIMI1111111I11111111111111111111nnf111 Hear 1'•tiend of Mine: If mites were not between us, Th, drifted snow I'd gladly ieurney o'er To tell you that I'm tldnkntg of you often, And call 0 happy greeting past your door, 'Phis Christman Flay perhaps your heart is grieving For twiny friends who 'long have been Ir'tvny, 1111n110111e1111111nal„Inlnlinllin1111nan111111I1IIfa1,101nni HURON COUNTY'S LEADING NEWSPAPR R ,tin,l lliftl,1it,tINI tnllllnllallllnl 11111&11111 n n 111tt 111111111111111 Sfnu, hared 4,111V0 -lvho, ua othar Chrinf nag n r1 444A, MI I,. utcar> too, are feu from home to•tiay,. ,hu3, of Bethlehem The int 1.t o singing Soh, this morn in uv ry chuu lt ba ll r. Chirac, Telling that Waco and. Love will still unite us lieymtd the atteleas centuries of titne, --.E. MaoMnth. IIIla11111,111114,111,44,11l111111111114111111111111111,110111nm,m,llt WHOLE SERIES, VOL. 00, No, 61 ° SEAFORTH, ONTARIO, THURSDAY, DECEMBER 23, 1943 Norman McQuaid Dies of Wounds In. Italy Memorial Service Will Be Held at St. Oolurnban Church on Friday Morning • Mr, and Mrs. Joseph McQuaid re- ceived the sad news on Saturday, Dec, 18th of the death of thele son, Corporal Norman M. McQuaid of the Royal Canadian Engineers, who died of wounds in Italy on Deo. 9th, 1943, Corporal McQuaid was born in Mc- Entee township twenty-nine years ago. He received his education in St. Cohtmbsn Separate and Continuation Schools, A prominent athlete he was a star half -back on the St. Coluraban Junior W.F.A. champion football team of 1933 and also played for the intermediate teams of later years. He also played hockey for St, Columba. in the Rural league. Ile joined the Royal Canadian En- gineers he September, 1939. After training at London he arrived over- seas on Dec. 31st of that year. In 1940 he took part in the Allied raid and occupation of Spitzhergen. Returning to England he took commando train- ing and then (ante safely through the raid in Dieppe. elle remained in Britain until the invasion of Sicily in which he escaped injury, only to die of wounds in the Italian campaign, He leaves to mourn his death his parents, Mr. and Mrs. Joseph Mc- Quaid; four sisters, Mrs. V. J. Lane, of St, Colunlhan; Mrs'. Harold Allen, of Goderich; Rose, R.N., of Toronto, and Mary of Toronto; four brothers, Father Thomas McQuaid, of the Scar - bore Foreign Missions of Peking, China, who has been in a Ju.panese concentration camp for seven months, Brother Joseph of DeLaSalle College, Toronto;, John of St. Thomas and Wilfrid at home, One brother, Joseph, was drowned in 1924. -a l p l Omit l:tet Once again we consider r] a pleasure to extend to it a privilege and a n you our best wishes for Christmas E. L. BOX "BLUE COAL" PHONE 43 z0z4� Northside United Church Rev. H. V. Workman, Minister. 11 a.m. Morning worship. Subject, "The Thoughts of Many Hearts Re- vealed." 2,30 p.m,=Sunday School. 7 p.m. Evening worship. Subject. "The Close of the Year.': Special music at each service. Please bring the Christmas Missionary Offering. St. Thomas Church Rector, Rev. Dr. Burford. Christmas Day — 8.30 ail. Holy Communion, 11 am, holy Communion and Christmas Message, Sunday -11 a.m. "The Angel Songi', 7 p.m. "Goal Math Spoken in His Son." Sunday School at 10 a,m, All Church members are invited to make 'their communion at Christmas. St. Mary's Church, Dublin 2.25 p.m. Sunday School. 3 p.nt. Christmas Service. Egtnondvllle, United Church Rev. A, W. Gardiner, B.A.,B,D. 10 a.m., Sunday School. 11 a.ni. "Fresh Beginnings and Stay- ing Power," 7 p.ln. "Hope for the Comiug Year." First Presbyterian Church Rev. Hugh Jack, Minister. S.S. 10 a.m. Morning subject, '"Bethlehem and After," Evading sub- ject, "The End of aYear." Christmas music by the choir at both services. Mid -Week meeting Thurs. at 8 p.m. IN PHOTO AT GERMAN CAMP Friends were pleased to see a photo in the press this week of War- rant Officer Stelling Habkirk of Seaforth, in a group of air force prisoners of war in a German prison camp who had recently been un- shackled. Sterling looked well and happy FEATHERED FRIENDS A Inure bird tamped on my window pane, I "shooeal"lt Mr but 11 came back again And said, so I lay cosy in MY bed, Time you were gutting up old sleepy head. Tt's bin was brown, its Feathers mixed with yellow, I'm getting now to tike thislittle fellow: It never comes alone I wonder why, 1'd hate to think its "buddie" had to die, Hut it may come some day and bring n mate, We never know just what's wrapped up in fate ; For hurtle are more or less like me and yon, They feel they need a pal to pull them th rough. Then let no you and I be kind to birds, 'rhoy ennnot tell ug in so many wotde, .And then they have no ration book you know Nor do they hoard 'golnst winter frost and snow. A tutus crust, a tiny rind of bacon, They'll and it never fent, or I'm mistaken, Thea He, Yes Ito, who marks .the sparrows fall" Will one day give us credit for It all, -J, 'Hwattte, SEAFORTH CURLING CLUB ELECTS OFFICERS The 07th annual meeting of the Seafeet11 Curling Club was held on 1'Dec. 16th at the municipal chambers and the following officers for the current season were elected: 2t. J. Winter, President; B. F. Christie, Vice -President; E. C. Boswell, Sec- retaryTreasurer; D. H. Wilson, Asst Secretary; Executive, W. A. Wright, W. E. Southgate, W. J. Duncan, R. J, Sproat, C. A. Barber, C, M. •Smith. The treasurer reported the fin- ances of the club to be in a healthy condition and the prospects for a successful year considered excellent. The Curling Club regrets to re- cord the loss by death during the year of three members, Rev. W. A. Bremner, John Boshart, Chas, Holmes. Mr. and Mrs. Nelson Keyes Golden Wedding Egmondville Couple Honored by Family and Neighbors on Happy Occasion On the 19th of Dee., 1893, an at- 1 tractive wedding was solemnized at the home of the late Mr. and Mrs. George Kennedy when their second daughter, Minerva Marion, was unit- ed in wedlock with Nelson W. Keyes, youngest son 'of the late Mr. and Mrs. Andrew Keyes, Varna, The officiating minister was Rev. W. Leech, In attendance with the bride and groom were the br'ide's sister, Miss Susan, and Mr. David Dewar, cousin of the groom. The hone was beautifully decorated with white chrysanthemums. After the wedding dinner was served the bride and groom left midst congratulations and the music of Jingle Bells for the groom's farm on the Babylon Line, where Mr. and Mrs. Keyes farmed successfully until November 1935, when they moved to their present home in Egmondville. Mr. and Mrs. Reyes have five sons, Sherlock farming on Hayfield Road,_ Varna, Ruskin, principal of David 1 Windsor; Elmore, Maxwell School, end Wl s r, o e, on what was originally his fat'her's farm; Wilber, farming on Mill Road, Seaforth; and Stuart, Mechanical Engineer with the Inspection Board of the United Kingdon( and Canada, Ottawa. They have also 12 grand- children. Donald, Sherlock's oldest son, is serving in His Majesty's forces in the RCNVR. on the east coast. Mrs. Keyes has two sisters, Eva, Mrs. Ed. Johnston, Goderich, and Susan, Mrs. Chris Eichre, Chi- cago. On. Saturday, Dec. 180h, 1943, at their home in Egmondville, Mr. and Mrs. Keyes celebrated their fiftieth wedding anniversary, which was a very happy occasion for the unbrok- en family circle and their many friends as it revealed pleasant mem- ories of bygone days to many who were present. Mr. and Mrs. Keyes were always keenly interested in the betterment of the community, both taking an active part in church, school and rural life. The bride and groom of fifty years welcomed their many friends in their home, assisted by their fam- ily, allbeing present except Mr. and Mrs. Ruskin Keyes who were detain- ed on account of illness. The home was appropriately dec- orated with golden mums and streamers. Mrs. Keyes received wear- ing: a powclre blue goner with cor- sage of :yellow chrysanthemums: Mrs. Wilber Keyes invited the guests to the dining room where a dainty afternoon and evening lunch was served, the table being prettily (lacerated with a gold and white wedding cake taking the main place. During the afternoonMrs. Sherlock Keyes poured tea with Mrs. Elmore Keyes serving. In the ,evening Mrs. M. Talbot, cousin, and Mrs. W. J. Clarke, niece, poured tea with NIrs. Stuart Keyes serving. ' A buffet supper was served for the family, preceding which Rev. Mr. Gardiner and Rev. Reba Henn conducted a short family worship period, After supper Mr, Gardiner proposed a toast to the bride and groom of fifty years, to which Mr. Keyes fittingly responded. Rev. Reba Hern proposed a toast to their bridesmaid and groomsman, both of whom are living but were unable to be present. Mr, Sherlock Keyes re- plied for them. During the day, Mr. and Mrs. Keyes were recipients of many tele- phone calls, cards and telegrams, among them being one from Rt. Hon. W. L. MacKenzie King, also flowers and numerous beautiful gifts. A host of :friends called during the afternoon and evening to extend congratulations and best wishes for many more years of ha,ppineSS to- gether, amongst those present being Mrs. H. Erratt, Varna, Mr. Thos. Robinson, Egmondville and Mr. Chit; ford Keyes, Varna, who were also guests at the wedding in 18x93. Many highly prized tokens of the love and friendship .of family and neighbors were received by Mr. and Mrs. Keyes. A unique feature of Mr. and Vire Keyes' anniversary day is that it also maliks the occasion for celebrating the birthday of their on Sherlock and also one of their granddaughters. Seaforth High School Pupils Wm Awards Carter Scholarships Go To Miss Winnifred Russell and Miss Wilma Hay Two of the three Carter scholar- ships for Huron County have. been awarded to two Seaforth High School pupils. The first award of $100.00 cash gars to Miss E, Witutifred Russell. Mies Russell had previously been awarded a University College,- Univ- ersity of Toronto Scholarship, with a possible value of $900.00, She is at Present attending the University of Toronto, taking an honour course in Mathematics and Physics. She is the daughter of Mrs. J. B. Russell of Seaforth, The thiel] award of $40,00 cash goes' to Miss Wilma Hay, Miss Hay had previously been awarded a tuition scholarship at the University of Wes- tern Ontario with a value of $250.00. She io at present attending the Med teal College at the University of Wes- tern Ontario, She is the daughter of Mrs. 10, S. Hey, Seaforth. The secand award of $00.00 cash goes to Robert Bisset of the Goderich Collegiate Institute. Those awards are based on the tighest standing en ten Tipper School papers written at one time, acid they ntnst include Algebra, Geo- metry, English Literature and Eng- lish Composition. MUSIC PUPILS DONATE $1O TO BRITISH CHILDREN The pupils of St. Joseph's School of Music raised $10 on a beautiful doll donated by the Sisters of St. Joseph, the proceeds going to the Childreu's Xmas Fund in Britain, c/o the Queen's Canadian Fund. The draw took place at the Lions Christmas entertainment in the theatre Wednes- day, Mrs, Dr. Gorwill was the lucky winner. CAROL SERVICE BY SCHOOL PUPILS The annual Christmas carol ser- vicewasrit presentedu f p s to by the pupils s o Seaforth public school f lnNorthSlde United Church on Friday evening, assisted by a senior group of girls from the high school,, A large aud- ience was in attendance and a silver collection taken for overseas boxers. The church was appropriately decor- ated and there was dire lighting. Mrs J. A. Stewart was at the organ. Miss M. Turnbull conducted the junior and senior choirs. Miss McLean read the Christmas story. 200 voices took part. The choirs Caine in singing "Silent Night." The program opened with "Holy Night" by the Glee Club, and then the pu- pils of Miss Savauge's and Miss Eld- er's rooms sang "Away in a Man- ger; ''While Shepherds" with des- cant; chorus `Angels from the Realms," "Infant Divine" by senior choir, unaccompanied; "Jesus Our Brother," by junior pupils, Marilyn Ritchie, Karen Kidd, Barbara Hillis, Margaret Grummett, taking solo parts; "Christmas Lullaby, by both choirs, unaccompanied; 'Angels We Have Heard"; "Three Kings, by Michael Bechely, Ronald Broome, Glen Nixon; "0 Little Town of Bethlehem; "Bring a Torch," by the senior choir, unaccompanied; "Yule- tide Night," Glee Club; Jesu Bamb- ino," solo, Doris Ferguson; other numbers were "What Child is This", "God Rest You"' "Holly and the Ivy,"- combined choirs, descant; "Christmas Hymn," combined choirs. A vote of thanks to Miss Turnbull for her excellent work in training the singers, and also to the manage- ment of the church, etc., was tend- eyed by Rev. Dr. 'Htu'forcl who gave a Christmas message, i1It is not what we get but what we give." The sum of $30.50 was realized by the Seaforth Overseas Committee. BIBLE SOCIETY COLLECTS TOTAL OF $108.86 The Bible Society announced this week that the canvass for the brnnrlt lit Seaforth WAS completed, and the sten of 0108.86 bad been collected. The Soefet , wishes to thank the col- lectors and contributors for their aid in this worthy work. GOES TO EAST COAST 0, Seaman Gordon Messenger, who ha.s been training in the Navy at Ilamilton, left Wednesday for the East Coast, after spending a few days' leave at his borne here, Phone 84 $1 a year Geo. A. Sills Passes In 89th Year Prominent Seaforth Business Man Will Be Buried Friday, Morning lilr. George A. Sills, one of the town's oldest residents, passed away in his 89t11 year on Wednesday morning after being ill for 6%'%, weeks. Mr. Sills had been in the hardware ltushress in Seaforth for many years, i was widely known and respected, and beloved by young and old alike for his kindly limner and thoughtfulness,! Mr, Sills was born in Brucefield in 1860 and came to Seaforth when 12 years old, entering the employ of Johnson Bros., as a clerk. His buss mess capability soon became apparent and in five years he was doing the buying for the firm. After 22 years Mr. Sills severed his connection with Johnson Bros, and :started a hardware store of his own, in company with Mr. A•Iurdie. For many years he con -, a prosperous business, under the uame of George A. Sills & Sons, winch has been continued by his sou Frank spree his retirement eight years ago. Mr. Sills joined the local lire bit. gitde:in 1876, when 20 years of age, and rose front hose man to chief. He was the last survivor of the original members of the Seaforth fire brigade. He took part in the firemen's races and competitions, Mr. George Murray and he being considered the best couplers in the county, the fire team in which they contested holding the record for Ontario. He also held a personal medal for breaking hose and putting on branch in 8 3/5 seconds, the time or which has never been beaten in Ontario, Mr. Sills helped to tight the greet fire oe 1876, when the principal part of Main street, on both sides, was destroyed. in those days they had only the old hand pump aid hose reel, which was drawn to the fires by a horse. the first horse arriving at the hall getting a bonus, which created keen competi- tion. There were big tanks built, from which the hand pumps drew their supply of water. When the tanks gave out they were obliged to resort to buckets. The fire of 1876 burned itself out, the supply of water being entire- ly inadequate. Mr. Sins haci always taken a keen interest in sports and in everything that • concerned the welfare of the town. He was a member of the Coun- cil for three years and was in line for the mayorship in 1900, but he declined. He was a member of the Seaforth Collegiate Board for a num- ber of years. He also continued to take an active interest in the fire bri- gade, of which he was the esteemed end efficient treasurer for many years. Mr. Sills was married in 1880 10 Mary Allen Armstrong, who passed away eight years ago. Four children survive: Frank of Seaforth. Mrs. Reynolds (Moria) of Toronto, Charles, postmaster of Seaforth, anti Joseph of Baltimore, Mcl. One sister lives in Cleveland, the last survivor of a fam- ily of eleven. There are fifteen graaul- children'and foul' great-grandchildren The funeral will be held Friday morning at 10 o'clock in St. Janes Ronan Catholic Church, with Rev. Father Hussey officiating, tat emelt t will he in di. dame's' cemetery. CROMARTY Mr. Adam Twaddle of Angus call- ed on friends on Sunday. Miss Helen Howatt of Auburn is visiting her grandparents, Mr. and Mrs. Dave Gardiner. Pte, Elmer Colquhoun of Calgary called on friends last creek. Born—In Stratford Hospital on Monday, Dec. 20th to Mr. and Heirs. Lamest Allen, a daughter. Mr. and Mrs, Robert Dalrymple visited with Mr. azul Mrs. Ped. Chappel on Sunday, The Marion Ritchie Auxiliary held their annual meeting in the base- ment of the church on Saturday. The officers were all re-elected for the coming year. d_. We extend our Hand in Greeting to All those Friends whose kindly Patronage and Co-operation has made the Season of 1943 just closing, a pleasant one to 0. look back upon. i i 0."44.4MWS-OWOWIMf-tW%8084X Merry Xmas to You All N. CLUFF & SONS t1eT 4 Hockey Season Opens lli"111110111,1e111111ue111nn111111e11, ug1111111,11e111n,l"Int Here January 11 Schedule Arranged Tuesday at Clinton — Ice in Rink Next Week The Intermediate hockey season will open here 00 Tuesday. Jan. llth, when Clinton meets Seaforth. The Seaforth team will stftrt to practise next week, when it is expected ice will bre ready, The rink building, in which flax has been stored, is being put in shape this week for the winter season. The schedule, drawn up Tuesday night at Clinton, starts Janizary 00, with Seaforth playing at Goderich. Ken Waters is convenor for this group, #12, made up of Cliuton Radio School No. 31; Exeter No. 9 S.F.T,S.; Goderich Sky Harbor No. 12 E.F.T.S., Seaforth, Goderich Orphans The local team is In the process of formation at present, and present, and players are scarce. Two or three prospects ere being considered for goal, In addition, a juvenile team will be formed. The schedule: Jnn. 6 Senfarth at Goderich -Exeter at Clinton Jen. 11 Clinton at Seaforth ,Goderich at Exeter Jan, 1 t -Clition at Goderich -Exeter at tenforth Jam, 1e --Clinton nt Exeter —Cudgel& at Seaforth Jan. 80 Exeter at t o iorielt Seaforth at Clinton Jan. 25—•Seaforth. at Exeter Goderich at Clinton Jam. 27—Sonforth at (;oderich --Exeter at Clinton Feb. 1—Clinton at Seaforth —Goderich at Exeter Feb. B—Clinton. at Goderich --Exeter at Seul'orth Feb. a --Clinton at Exeter Godericlt at Sonforth I41). 11 --Exeter et Godericlt —Seaforth at Clinton Feb. 16—Seaforth at Exeter ---Goderich at Clinton Fist team has option of bye or play third. Home and home games, coils to count. win- ners and second team ploy boot two out of three. The high team in all games has choice of games played, Starting time s,15, team to be on ice at 0.10. 0 Red Cross Notes Clothing such as coats, dresses, sweaters, mittens, etc„ bedding and towels of all descriptions are re -1 quested for the Canadian Aid to Russia Clothing Campaign. Either new or used articles are most accep- table as long as they are in a reason- ably good condition and worthy as a gift from Canada to our Russian Allies, At the moment the Division is bending every effort to get off as large a shipment as possible as a Christmas gift to our Russian Allies from the people of Ontario. How- ever shipment will be made period- ically as long as the contributions come in, The executive of the local branch extends to -all workers and sympath- izers a Merry Christmas and may the New Year be a peaceful one. We are indeed grateful to every- one who has helped to make •the ;,'car's work so successful: ATTEND FUNERAL AT TORONTO Mr. and Mrs. M. 3. Crowley, of town, have returned home after at- tending the, funeral of bur. Cnowley's youngest sister, Mrs. c'ontent's I-lish- on. In Toronto, who died very sud- denly. Mrs. 1lishon wan a native Of Ellice Township, and had lived in the, city for the past tea years. Walton Couple Observe Their Golden Wedding Mr. and Mrs. Adam Sholdice Were Married In 1893— . Honored by Family. Mr. and Mrs, Adam Sholdice of Walton celebrated the 50th an- niversary of their marriage. Their family, with the exception of Mrs. Orval Whitefield of St. Catharines, and Earl of Thornhill, gathered to celebrate with thein, The table was (entre l with a two-storey wedding a'; e, h, u111 •-uul yellow' mons and (sea gold tapers. The family's gift to their perents was gold rimmed pectacles for each. Mr, C1':ldice who is 80, was born in Tuck,rsntith toweship, a son of the late Mr, and :lug. William Shol- dice. Iie received his education at Sprout's school in Tuckersmith. At the age of 21 he 'bought a farm in Bruce county near Underwood and in 1893 he harried Margaret McGregor, daughter of the late Mr, and :l'Irs. David McGregor. Airs. Sholdice was born at Balti- more, Ont., and moved to Bruce county at the age of six. They farmed. in Bruce county for 12 years, moving to Walton and fanned in Grey. and Morris town- ships for three years, when they bought their present farm. They were blessed with a family of .four sons and three danghtors, William and David of Walton, Earl of 'Thornhill, and Russell of Brod- hagen, Ella (Mrs. Russell Knight), of Grey township, Catherine 1(Mrs, Thomas Mose) of Milverton, Nora ,• ,(Mrs. Orval Whitfield) ofs t. Cath- arines. There are 11 grandchildren and one great grandchild. Mr. and Mrs. Sholdice gave up farming two years ago but still re- side on their fa1•m and are in good health, They are member's of Duff's United Church, Walton. Christmas Shopping Will be the sante pleasure it has always been at Savauge's. The variety of Gift Goods is still as large as ever and the values are quite the same as they have always been.• While some lines are a little short, and some periodically "out" they are arriving and fartuuately this Christmas finds no lack of variety, quan- tity or quality Where lines of -goods are out iperio liralIy) we have lines added and so the variety re- tiiains. Under the present merchandise ing difficulties w•0 are sparing no effort to serve you as well and unstintingly during the war years 00 in the peace years. You will salve your Christmas shopping problems very nicely this season at SA `i/ AUGE'S Opposite Post Office Seaforth Phone 194 Res. 10 neonon,mole"nnncunmaanuno"11one,en"awl •'ct'c-I LANE—PATERSON ur Our Lady. of Lourdes church, To- ronto, was the scene of a wedding of interest on Monday, December 13, when Right Rev. Msgr. J. B. Dollard united in marriage Dorothy Viola, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Fraser Paterson, Goderich, and' Sergeant Louis A. Lane, Royal Can- adian Air Force, St, Hubert, Quebec, son of Mr. Thomas Lane, Seaforth, and the late Mrs. Lane. The bride looked charming in a street length dress of winter -white wool with poudre blue hat and matching accessories and a corsage of red roses: Her only attendant was Miss Elizabeth Lane, younger sister of the bridegroom, wearing a dress similar to that worn by • the bride With corsage of pink roses. Mn Jack Nicholson was the best man, A wedding dinner was held in the imperial dining room of the Royal York hotel,• Toronto. The couple Will reside in Montreal. Are You Playing the Part of a rht 't' Toward the• Church, Good Citizen, Do you want to live in a commun- ity of nation that has • lost the Church? Do you want your chil- dren and Loved ones to live under conditions of godlessness Where worship his ce red, where rever- ence has. died, where respect for morals, law and order has given way to t state of existence, that knows nl It itfaints, and expreritts ii elf in elfishness, lit enae, indif- ference and stark- materialism'? -Such would be the conditions of living if the Christian C'llurc•h were to be closed. and lost to humanity. It tiepends on individual nein and woolen ltl e you. There issomething: .tremendous at staled in the attitude you take to the Church. What would happen to the Clnn'rlt, if everyone took the attitude toward the. Church that you doe The way you spend your iesoura'eS,. and the things on which you spend them reveal the kind of person you arc. The Church is the only iustitation that risks the individual to give Voluntarily. Clubs, Lodges, anti Governments set a fee or tax that must be paid, or else the individual forfeits his standing or membership. The Church stands on higher ground. She leaves it to the in- dividual as a matter of honour or conscience. You are invited to conte regularly to church, to share in its activities, and support its work. By your joining in the public wor- ship of God, and identifying your- self with the Clntech, you will help to save your community from the worst of sins, the sin of godlessness. The Church's interest in you is not tt selfish one, lier one desire is to help you and enrich your life, She rejoices in your success and good fortune, and always points you to the way of true happiness and richest blessing. When misfortune or sorrow cones your way, the Church brings to you a true syntp- ttthy and a subliane comf art. Fin- ally, the Church challenges you. What is your answer? - ra.441:15,14-161