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HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe Seaforth News, 1918-07-11, Page 7By Agronomist. This Department is for the use of our farm readers who want the adviee Of an expert on any question regarding soil, seed, orops, eto. If your question is of eufficlent. general interest, it will be answered through this column. If stamped and addressed envelope le enclosed with your letter, a complete answer will be mailed to you. Address Agronomlet, care of Wilson Publlehing Cm, Ltd., 73 Adelaide St, W. Toronto. i o Copperas sN tnl 1 rate E Copper Sulphate, 0 6 inch sulphate at - i es. The copper su pha o at- tacks the o fun as spores and kills them, A very ,ae n. tace in aoo eases is being made by the farmer Med gardener in buying, materials for potato spraying. One of the neces- saries is blue vitriol, Blue vitriol is copper sulphate. Green vitriol le 'copperas, or iron sulphate. Copperas costs about 8 to 6o, per lb, Copper sulphate costs in exeems of 15e. per pound at the present time. Copperas cannot be substituted for copper sul- phate, Its power to kill fungus dis- eases is very limited. On account of tho cheapness of the salt, at times un. scrupulous dealers are given to ad- ulterating copper sulphate with cop- peras. There is a simple test which will determine the prefence of the iron salt in the copper. It is as follows: Both copper sulphate and iron sul- phate phate d 1 e .readily in •water. The copper sulphate Is blue, the iron sal- phate is green in color. In order to melee the test for the presence of iron sulphate or green vitriol being found in copper sulphate, dissolve a little of the salt 111 a glass tumbler, add a ,crystal of ferrocyanide of potassium. This turns the bottom of the liquid to a reddish brown color ]f the mixture. is strong, If it is weak it will not have any particular effect on it. If sulphate of iron is present the mixture will turn a deep blue color and settle to the bottom. Watch your spray ma- terials and see that you use the right thing. Copperas sounds very much like copper sulphate, but it is an en- tirely different substance. Now is the time to spray potatoes and tomatoes to prevent the attacks of summer-falloeved land. If the piece Late Blight disease. The spores of of land being prepared is sod, it should this disease, which may be found in be plowed as soon as possible and the soil and in the garden rubbish, disked and harrowed frequently in send up their shoots and bear their order to cut down any weed growth seeding spores during the warm, damp and to make the seedbed as mellow as days of late June and early July. The possible. If you have a supply of only method of controlling this dis- stock manure to apply to the wheat ease, which causes rot of both potato field, put it on the plowed ground be.: and tomato, is by spraying with fore the last two diskings and bar - Bordeaux mixture. Bordeaux mixture rowings. By disking and harrowing is made up of 4 lbs. of copper sul- the field, this manure will be thor- 'r'phate, 4 lbs. of lime and 40 gallons of oughly worked into the soil. Be sure water. If you have a small garden you get good quality winter wheat patch, make up the mixture in this seed of a variety that is successfully proportion. There is no necessity of, grown in Ontario. Dawson's Golden making up such a large quantity, Die.. Chaff, Imperial Anther, Early Red solve the copper sulphate,—a pound to Clawson, and Abundance, are all good a gallon of water and the lime in varieties. When seeding the wheat similar quantity. Po not mix them apply 200 to 300 lbs, per acre of ferti- until you are ready to do the spraying, lizer carrying from 2 to 3 per cent. otherwise chemical action will take ammonia, and 8 to 10 per cent. a.vail- place between the lime and copper sul- able phosphoric acid. Modern wheat phate and spoil the mixture. Spray drills have a compartment for sowing the growing vegetables thoroughly at the fertilizer at theetime the wheat is least three to five times during the seeded. This works the plantfood growing season, starting when the into the soil so that it helps the young potatoes and tomatoes are up about 3 growing crop. QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS R. IL;—What do you eonslder the best fertilizer for apple and Alam orchards? Answer:—For apple or pimn orch- ards I would advise from 6 to 10 lbs. per tree of a fertilizer carrying from 8 to 4 per cent, ammonia, 8 to 10 per cent. phosphoric acid and 1 to 2 per cent. potash. When potash be- comes obtainable in larger quantities, it would be well to use as high as 5 per rent, potash. This fertilizer should be worked into the soil at about the distance that the branches spread out. The feeding parts of the root are out towards the tips, hence the available plantfood will do more good if worked into the soil in this area rather than close up BS the trunk of the tree, Commercial growers are also getting good results from the use of bonemeal, which, however, does not contain any potash. This fertilizer can be applied in the same quantity as advised above. Farmer:—Will you kindly give full directions for the preparation of soil for fall wheat? I mean to try it for the first time , next autumn. Answer:. -..For fall wheat the soil should be plowed as soon as the spring growing crop is harvested. If it is early oats, the ground should be plow- ed immediately after the crop has been taken off, Some farmers have better success in growing winter wheat on 1510,ePal Temperature of the whole milk has b. direct effect on the percentage of fat in the cream and the skimmed milk. The temperature of milk be- ing separated should be such that the milk will flow easily, facilitating- rapid and thorough separation of the cream and the skimmed milk. It is a wise plan to separate the mills as soon as possible after it comes from the cow. In that case, the temperature is high enough that a thorough separation is effected. If the milk is allowed to cool after being drawn, the tempera- ture needs to be raised to about 85 degrees to 90 degrees to secure the best results when separated. Many dairymen think that there is an advantage in having the whole Cabbage Pias." t Of 311 loading early and late varieties, 45e. per hundred, mall pre- paid, 88.10 per thousand express collect, Also Cauliflower, Brussels Sprouts and lante p aro being shipped suocess- frito all parts or Canada, Ask for Pricece list. aorold'e Farms, Praltl snd, Ontario ,Dept. "Y'" Niagara Dlstriot is chV. ANDREWS fuRCLI at, TO ONNTO ISCilasanoromeaorsammo milk at a low temperature, because the cream possesses a higher percentage of fat when the temperature is low. However, in these tests the loss of fat in the skimmed milk was greater. It should be noticed that the weight of fat in the whole milk and in all three pails of cream was approxim- ately the same, but that there was a distinct variation in the weight of the cream, and this is the cash end of the dairy business. The richness of cream, or the per- centage of fat, derived from whole milk bu use of a separator may be regulated by either the cream screw or skimmed milk screw. In the spring of 1916 I began to keep record of the work done by my horses, says a successful farmer. The record consists of a set of cards 5 x8 inches, which are divided into thirty- one spaces, one space for each day In the month. I use one card a month for each horse. ••On the left half of each card I enter the cost of feeding, shoeing, medical attention and other expenses, while on the right half I eater the number of hours of work done by that horse, and also credit the value of the manure it produces, the colt, etc, The figures for last year were quite a surprise to me, Before starting my record I estimated that $5.50 per month would bo a fair average cost of keeping my horses, but imagine my surprise when I discovered that each horse was costing me $7.12 per month or $85.44 a year, After adding up the number of hours, I found that my horse labor had cost me $1.86 a day. One reason for this large cost was that the work had been uneveply dis- tributed among the horses, and some were idle when they could have been working. I ales found that the pas- ture had not been used as much as et might have been, These errors I in- tend to remedy during the present year. By distributing the work more evenly I can dispense with the extra horses, Remember life's paradox—you aro no nearer heaven because living is higher. It is time for the cow which does not pay, £o go to the block, but it is poor ocenomy to butcher profitable produced. GOOD) HEALTH QUESTION BOX ay Andrew 11 Currier, M.D. Dr, Currier will answer all signed letters protaining to Unlit:, If your question Is of general Interest It will be answered through these columns; if not, it will be answered personally if stamped, addressed envelope • ie en. closed, Dr, Currier will nos presoribc 1'01' Individual canes or n+ake diagnosis. Address Dr, Andrew le. Currier, Care of Wildon Publishing Co,, 73 Adolelde St. West, Toronto, Infant Feedlnig No, 2. A baby should be fed every three hours from the first to the sixth month of life, omitting food from 10 p.m. to8 a.m. . After the sixth mouth he should be fed only Y o ee in four hours. s. Tha average quantity for a feeding is three ounces in the first month, four in the second, then increasing one ounce per month until the end of the eighth month. Cows' milk should be diluted with boiled water, two ounces of water be- ing added for one ounce of milk dar- ing the first month, and the quantity of water being then gradually reduced until the tenth month when the milk may he given undiluted. A teaspoonful of common sugar or milk sugar or maltose may be added to each feeding if it agrees with the child, and it is often desirable to add a pinch of bicarbonate of soda or of table salt. Instead of using water it is some- times well to dilute the milk with bar- ley or rice or oatmeal water thorough- ly boiled and strained, a tablespoonful of the cereal being boiled an hour or longer in a pint of water. If the baby's stools contain curds it means the cheese in the milk is not well digested, In which case the milk may be poptonized or predigested with essence of pepsin, letting it stand at ordinary room temperature until it is curdy; it must then be put into the ice box at once to arrest further di- gestion This is important for if you let it stand until it is bitter the baby will refuse to take it. When the first few teeth have come through, a little clear soup, free from fat may be given and the baby may also have a small piece of toast. You may also give him whey or milk or weak gelatine water. If he should have diarrheoea give -him half a tea- spoonful or a teaspoonful of castor oil, thoroughly mixed with an equal quafitity or twice the quantity of. wintergreen, cinnamon, or peppermint water, lessening the number of feed- ings or even stopping thein altogether for a day. Also you may wash out the rectum carefully u!1Y with halfa pint of warm m starch water, following it up with an injection of 'half a pint of warm wee ter containing half a teaspoonful of salt. Bo sure and inject very slowly and do not give the baby pain. When a baby's food agrees with him he will increase in weight after the first month and if he weighed seven pounds at birth, he should have gained five pounds when three months old, three and a half pounds more when six months old, three pounds more at nine months, and two and a half more at twelve months. A well-developed child will there- fore weigh about twenty-one pounds at the end of his first year of life, These are only a few hints, but I have 'tried to make them plain and free from the complications and ma- thematics with which many papers on the subject of infant feeding are ob- scured, QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS. L. I. B.-1. What is the cause of obstruction of the bowels? Is it due to external injury, and if so what are its symptoms? 2.—Does this occur usually in the aged or may it happen at any pe- riod of life? 3.—Can it be caused by rupture. Answer—1,—It may be caused in a great many different ways, by the formation of adhesions in the abdo- men, drawing the loops in the Intes- tines together, by telescoping of one portion of the intestine to another, by constipation and in various other ways. I suppose it may be possible by external injury, but I cannot for the moment, see exactly how this could be done. 2.—It Ina.y occur in any period of life, from infancy to old, age. 3.—!t is not infrequently associat_ ed with rupture, HOME GROWN FERTILIZERS FOR ORCHARDS The use of cover crops cannot by any stretch of the imagination be classified as a new practice in fruit growing. Orchardists, almost from time immemorial, have used them to advantage, as successful growers are still doing—and as others who wish to successfully tide over the uncertain- ties of war tines, most do. With fertilizers becoming harder to find than a pro -German (not to mention the matter of prices after they are found), the man who would keep up the fertility of his orchard soil is go- ing to find his problem becoming an Increasingly baffling one, unless he awakens quickly to the value of cover crops. "Of all the resources available to the fruit grower' at this time, none can bo used more effectively in over- coming the fertilizer famine than cov- er crops," says an expert. "Cover Crops, themselves, add neither potash nor phosphoric acid to the soil, but they have the power to make such of these elements as are present in the soil much more readily available to the fruits. What is of equal import- ance, they do this at a season of the year when these elements are most needed. "Recent experiments in fertilizing commercial orchards have shown that it is possible to derive great benefits from fertilizers which add nitrogen to the sail. Some of the chief advant- ages of leguminous cover crops lie in the fact that they serve just this pur- pose, and furnish an element which, if the purchaser had to buy in the form of commercial £retilizer, would be very expensive. Clovers, vetches, beans and peas, when used as cover crops, supply nitrogen •to the orchard soils. But cover crops have their greatest value in that they add humus to the soil. This humus tends to maintain the physical condition and increase the water -holding capacity of the orchard land One of the strongest arguments in favor of cultivation in Ontario orchards is the fact that this practice conserves the moisture. Soils -without humus are not capable of holding large quantities of water. The ad- dition of humus makes their capacity in this respeet greater. "The selection of a plant for cover crop purposes depends largely upon the character of the soil and the time at which it can be seeded. On sandy soils, winter vetch Is one of the most desirable leguminous cover crops. The must be seeded rather early, that is„ some time In July or early August, and it usually is combined with oats or rye, as vetch makes but a slow growth In the fall and early winter. It is able to withstand very dry weather during late summer and fall, as well as the tramping of pickers and packers at harvesting time. If used with oats and seeded with a drill, fifteen pounds to the acre, is suffici- ent with a bushel of oats; but if spread broadcast, twenty to twenty- five pounds should be used per acre. On the heavier clay loam soils. Mam- moth Clover and June Clover are both desirable leguminous cover crops. These crops require a very well prepared seed bed and if the weather conditions are favor- able in late summer and fall, a good growth will be secured. Crimson Willie planted hollyhocks, There's nothing strange in that; But when they bloomed, the flowers were Just LUoe those cis, oister's het, spa. ' y:a. Irae i ��h f1 1 111 , SIJ. Id II ��II A V e,:s rl rR lir aaEa,t li rees +I�nll r .w \ri � jel \\.ves i it ' ear the Sturdy FLEET FOOT SHOES and enjoy the easy comfort which these economical shoes give. 1? 111 41 ii 445 is for work as well as for play, Staunch, sturdy styles like the "WORKMAN" and "EVERY -DAY" stand right up to any farm work — yet are light and easy, and enable you to tramp the fields all day without., the feet getting over -tired. The leading Shoe Stores have FLEET FOOT styles, shapes and sizes for every member of your family—for work or play. None genuine without the name FLEET FOOT stamped on the sole. Look for the name. "o- The best Shoe Stores sell FLEET FOOT OM MON' lop clover is also used sometimes as a cover crop, but its lack of hardiness, especially during severe open winters, makes it less desirable than those first mentioned. "On.orchard lands that have not been previously used for cover crops, where the soil is not in an ideal condi- tion, rye is a desirable crop to use. It brings the soil to a mellow state, so that other cover crops are grown. Rye is also an excellent cover crop to sow if the seeding has bean delayed until the fall. It makes a fair growth during the fall, and springs up very early in the spring, so that by the time the orchard is plowed, there is a fairly heavy -prop of rye to turn under. "0f the other crops that may be used oats are probably the most pop- ular. The seed is not expensive, and it is much better than weeds in an orchard. Oats can be sown late, and produce a good cover in the fall. They are also very popular in orchards that are to be disked in the spring, rather than plowed, as there is less difficulty in working them into the soil. Oats also make an excellent crop to sow with winter vetch or peas, but being non -leguminous, they do not them- selves add nitrogen to the soil, "The comparatively high price of seed at the present time makes it im- portant that the soil should be very well prepared, and to obtain the maxi- mum benefit from the amount of seed used, it will often be desirable to drill the seed, rather than to broadcast it. Under the present abnormal condi- tions fruit growers in Ontario cannot afford to neglect this practice of ob- taining the many benefits to he deriv- ed from cover crops." Excellent vegetable broths can he made without any meat at all. ,,,4sees"eeeaSielfar s II The poultryman who aims to keep his hens laying their best during the months of June, July and August,; should give careful consideration to what he feeds his flock, avers a poul- try expert, "After a hen has laid heavily dur- ing the winter and spring," he says, "she should be fed a food richer 418 protein, for if she does not receive food containing the elements from which eggs are made, she must draw upon the tissues of her own body to furnish egg -making material. "To make the summer ration five per cent. of protein should be added to the spring ration. A moist mash should be fed once a day, the moisture being rubbed into the mash with the hands. Do not stir the moisture in with a stick or spoon. "Plenty of succulent feeds should also be fed, such as lettuce and sprout- ed oats. It is often worth evhile to plant a good patch of Swiss chard for summer feeding, for there is no green :food during July, August and Septem- ber that can compare with this green for coloring the yolk and keeping hens healthy. Besides, if the tops of the chard are cut, it will produce second and third crops of leaves. A grain ration for June and July can be made up of two parts of shrunken wheat (unmillable) and one part of cracked corn (by weight), and one part of soaked oats (by weight). "A plash ration can be made up of one part by weight of wheat bran, one part by weight of corn meal, one part by weight of gluten meal, onee and one - fifths part by weight of meat scrap and one part by weight of ground oats. Thout ern Carmel Powe°r C at Limited Controls Water Powers on the 5t. Francis River capable of over 100,000 H.P. development, and through stook own- ership controls several Light & Power Companies. The Company suppllee power and light to over 45 muni- cipalities in the Province of Quebec, principally In the Eastern Townebips, Work has been commenced and is progressing rapidly, on the development of one of the Company'e large powers on the St. l"rauols located at Drummondville. This plant is being developed to supply the Increased demand for power in the territory served by the Company and enable snore manufaoturers to locate in this district. The development of water power now Is a patriotic duty, sat well as a commercial advantage. We recommend the 64 SC,Nbs of the SOUTHERN CANADA POWER COMPANY, LIMITED, which we are offering with a bonus of common stook, thus giving in. vestore an opportunity of participating in the future situ toss of the Company, Send far circular and map showing territory served. "'37e15'D81 raaw ;eft PwaioonaaaD PROM 870 Ole l{CORTZZ'Y PAYMENT wr,AIY NE s,, ITr, I HOr SON & In vrps.o tm fest iaxfaker'S Mercantile Trust Bldg. 222 St. James Street Co'' PAN 4jrii ited I aiullton Montreal VIRGINIA NEWBOLO, SI-AC/CU M --� , Again and again while Miss Rt8t1 bone was speaking one face caught, her attention. ft was a handsome face, and it revealed possibilities Of Power, but the eyes were full of a zzouldering resentment. lit puzzled Miss Rathbone. She had met eolf]sh awl indifferent and reawakened wo- men, n U ut never r before had met she n E that sullen resentfulness It sue - prised her to findtJra wa t'1 1t.illh i� r when the meeting was over, As 30018 as she could she turned to her. "I wanted to tell you," the girl erred, "that I have set n1y heart on go- ing to Flaucel I was going with my college un',t for reconstruction work. And then the famlly wouldn't let zee, "It was n disappointment, I know," the speaker said sympathetically, The girl flared into anger. "Disap- pointment! It was so small-ethat's what humiliates mo. As if this were a time to think in terms of one's family, or even one',, countryl It's the whole worhl we belong' to—or should!" But 'surely,." Miss Rethbono re- - sponded, "there is plenty of work—oh„ an overwhelming w elming amount of woz.t=ts be done everywhere! "I suppo.,e," rho girl cried scornful- ly, "you mean knitting! Or perhaps putting up string beans or tomatoes!" So/nothing happened thea, to Miss Rathbone--someth'ng that macre her eyes flash and brought le crisp note into her voice that startled the girl. "Will you tell me your name?" she asked, "Virginia Newbold." "Well, Virginia Newbold, 1 2181 go- ing to say something to you straight out. It will probably maim •you angry, but as you will never see me again that needs make no difference. I and going to tell you the truth about your- self. You say your family are nar- row—that they are not world citizens. I don't know anything about that, but I know that Virginia Newbold is not a world citizen—yet. If she were; ehe would realize that America is a part of the world as much as France. She would realize that right here in her own city there are boys and girls who need help as much as the sorrowful children of France and Belgium. She would realize that the children of the world will have to carry on . the world's work in a few years, and that work for any child who needs it is work for the world. She would not pick and choose—and sulk. She would put herself heart and soul into the work close at hand She has been re- fused a commission; very well, then, she would fight as a private—and no private should fight better than she." The girl was looking at her with startled eyes, and a deep color was burning in her face, Abruptly, with- out a word, she turned away. Miss Rathbone gravely watched her go. Would she see? Must Save 1918 Harvest. Great Britain in peace times de- pends upon imports for four-fifths of her food supply. •One out of every seven of Scotland's' total population is in the army; in England ono out of every twelve; in Canada one out of every 17. Britain, despite army demands for men, has increased her farm acreage by help of women, boys and labor di- verted from towns and cities. She has also increased her production of munitions and ships, and her manufac- tured exports, such as cotton, by which she finances herself. But most of her usual sources of food supplies have been cut off by the war and scarcity of ships. Can- ada produces the largest available food surplus in the British Empire. The responsibility for feeding the armies and the Mother Country falls directly upon Canada. The harvest of 1918 must be saved or millions will starve, —a -- Controlling Controlling Cutworms. Cutworms, which are often preval- ent at this time of the year, can be fairly well controlled by making a poison mash of twenty-five pounds of bran to two pounds of Paris green. The bran and Paris green should be thoroughly mixed while dry and then slightly moistened so that the Paris green will adhere to the bran. This should be sprinkled around the plants , toward evening so that it will still be moist when the cutworms come out to do their damage. The winding of the plants with paper is of little use, as the paper gives the worms as good a foothold as the plants. For trees n band of cotton wrapped in an umbrella shape is a barrier to • the cutworms in getting to the tops of the trees. Tho digging of the ground around the plants will often reveal the cut- worms, as they spend their daytimes ust under the ground near the plants that they have damaged. They can be llestro led by flipping in kerosene, or by craning seem. Food Situation in France. In 1917 the wheat production in France eves 45 per cant, of the normal AAA1 produetio or 11 :1) poi ,14111,; ef, J,^, l a•_ :alaI� rerytljroniQptg, Ater doduetintt seed 101.7 production loft only third Frt no.'s norm l neode, rune .. is s del' 8 rat1ort of And Bound o 'moot gov poypon pot Won .1 i;lelu ting i 1T01rt$-fjeH j F r0n5* 1s and k 0, radon of. ono and ons -tenth pounds of sugar par personper month.