HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe Seaforth News, 1918-06-27, Page 2CANADA BEFORE CONFEDERATION
THE BANNER OF THE BRITISH EMPIRE
;Whe Growth of the Colony Under the Union Jack Until Jt Ae- The Flag That Flies Over One Quarter of the Etonian 'Rate •:
;. nuked the Proud Status of a "Dominion" in One -Fifth of the Surface of the World.
the t3ritish Empire, .w.
! When the capitulation of Montreal
Of 1700 was confirmed there were in
Canada about 40,000 french descend-
' ants. Later came another 40,000,
the Loyalists from the revolted Colon.
lee, But .these were scattered in
Nova Scotia, New ,Brunswick and
• what later became Ontario, Both
races had to work for extenslon
throngh what was practically virgin
forest. How they did it is a tale too
vast and' too heroic to be fully told
in a newspaper article,
Yet what were the commercial and
other conditions in the years just pre.
coding Confederation? It was re -
Marked that the united Provinces
flourished in all except politics. Trade
had begin to grow with a rapidity
which it has rarely been surpassed
even since.
Coining of the Settlers
"During the quarter of a century
that elapsed between 1842 and 1807,
the crucial period of national develop.
ment," remarks Bourinot, "an indus-
trious population flowed steadily into.
the country, the original population
became more self-reliant and pursued
their vocations with renewed energy,
and confidence increased on all sides
in the ability of the Provinces to hold
their own against the competition of
a'wonderfuily enterprising neighbor.
Cities, towns and villages were built
thwith a rapidity not exceeded on
e
other side of the (American)
border. In those days Ontario be-
came the:noble Province that she now
is by virtue of the capacity of her
people for self-government, the energy
of her industrial classes, the fertility
of her soil, and the superiority of her
climate'•—a summary of conditions
written over twenty years ago, whose
exactitude in every detail is only em-
phasized to -day.
The Maritime Industry
"The Maritime industry of the low-
er Provinces," the same genial citron -
icier -historian continues, "was devel-
oped most encouragingly, and Nova
Scotia built up a commercial marine
not equalled by that of any New Eng-
land State. The total population of
the Provinces of British North
Ameriee, now comprised within the'
Confederation of 1807, had increased
from a million and a half In 1840 to'
three millions and a quarter in 1801—
the ratio of increase in those years
having been greater than at any
pre;'ious or later period of Canadian
history."
There had been since the forties a
flood of immigration, from Scotland
and Ireland in particular. The first
Scottish settlers had sent back good
reports and personal influence in a
clannish race did as much then as
Provincial propaganda later. In Ire-
land there were economic conditions
after the potato famine of 1848, which
benefited the Canadian Provinces, as
the Irish settlements in Montreal, St.
John and Halifax attest. About the
sixties the larger English influx be-
gan, when artisans rather than farm-
ers came in to the growing eastern
Cities.
Perhaps it is not often enough re-
cognized haw closely the data of Con-
federation coincided with that of the
blossem-time of railways in the Dom-
inion. The terms on which New
Brunswick and Nova Scotia came into
the compact shelved that they had
realized how important the Inter,
colonial Railway would be. Its sub-
sequent history, whatever one may
Hay of collective versus private own.
oz•ship, has fully justified the fore-
sight of the easterners then, In 1860
there were only fifty miles of railway
in the old Province of Canada. But
the Grand Trunk was commenced, and
by Confederation there was the highly
respectable total of three thousand
utiles, including the fine Victoria
bridge et Montreal, which for the first
time linked up the American systems
with Canadian lines,
An in steam railroads, So 00 sea.
The Cunard line of steamships was
inaugurated by a Nova Scotian,
Samuel Cunard, who had been a suc-
cessful builder of wooden ships in the
Maritime Provinces, At the sugges-
tion of Hon. Joseph Howe he tendered
and secured the mail contract for the
transatlantic passage. His vessel,
the Britannia, started the first steam
mail service from Liverpool on July 4,
1840,
In the same period the development
of shipping on the Great Lakes took
place. By 1870 there was a good
steam river service from Niagara to
Quebec, as all readers of William
Dean Howells know. In fact, in
travel the coming of Confederation
synchronized with the going of the
old stage coach and all it meant.
Spread of Education
Then still more important was the
emancipation which free primacy edu-
cation brought. The year 1870 is
practically the world's turning point
in this. It was about that year that
Great Britain, France, Germany and
Italy in Europe, with several of the
United States and some of the Re-
publics of South America adopted
free and compulsory education for all.
Indeed it has been claimed that Nova
Scotia, thanks to Sir Charles Tupper,
led the civilized world in this parti-
cular. A system was begun there in
.1804. Ontario's record under Eger-
ton Ryerson is everywhere acknowl-
edged,
Another national factor which can-
not be over-estimated in the twenty
years before 1807 was the facilitating
of trade through the fine banking
system in Canada. By means of a
facile paper currency and a sate me-
thod of credit, this gave an impetus to
trade in the middle of the last cen-
tury to which no tribute is too high
to -day. Close study of the American
system enabled Canadian bankers
then to avoid many of their errors, so
that, combined with the stability
which Canada enjoyed as a part of
the British Empire, there was estab-
lished a confidence which soon invited
investment of money within the Prov-
inces. This has not ceased to -day,
and it. is possible that after the war
experience will still more be that
"trade follows the flag."
All this may be "as a thrice told
tale," but its recapitulation can only
tend to fuller consideration at this
time of what it was that went to the
making of the twentieth century
Canada, with which we are all con-
cerned.
The first of July.
This is a groat anniversary day in
the history of Canada, one of the most
brilliant members of the British Em-
pire, Canada ]e a bulwark of free-
dom, and her Sony have fought with
magnificent courage in this great war.
Their deeds of valor on the Vimy
Ridge, and many another battlefield,
are now a matter o.f history. They
have shown the might of Canada and
the strength of the British Empire,
When the Old Country was assailed
in its defe.nee of freedom, the great
Dominions were the first to make com-
mon cause with the Old Country, and
together they have shown that there
is more in the might and the muster
of the British Empire than ever its
enemies reckoned.
This day is also a day sacred to the
emetmemuration of those who died
untimely far from their homes in the
great Domini„n, the men who fell
tortured by poison gas holding the line
at, Ypres, the men who stormed and!
held the crest of Vimy Ridge, and
were lost in victory. By their deeds
Canada has won an honor which
glorifies and sanctifies the triumphs
of peace. So the deepest note in
our Dominion Day celebration is the
Farmers who ship their wool
direct to us get better prices
than farmers who sell to the
general store,,
who
ASK ANT
hie wl t l both
ways, and riots what he -s e-.
or better etill, write us for' our
prices t they will show you how
touch you lose by selling to.,tlre
General Store.
We pay th a eighest prluto of any ern
tnthcoouatry utarothelei',rqatwool
de tern in Cnunda, l'a-aleat tgg 514.
wetted the sons day wool to 1700711100,
Ghlposyour wool daq-- ettvettbe
morel/ma ppleaq,d ayo9uu, and ane
tuaurcd obi o aarn dealt:cal t1$, 2
H. v, ANorgyySS
13 G11ut ct-0 s%, "CAt$4NTO
thunder of the war for freedom. The
glad music of the Doxology is a hymn
in honor of sacrifice. Our joyful
thanksgiving for Canada's marvellous
achievement in the use and govern-
ment of her great territory has a
deeper and nobler significance in the
Commemoration of those` of her sons
who have given up their rich inherit- o
ance and life itself for their loyalty o
and their faith in liberty. a
CANADA
1867-19- 18 t
Wild trackless land, - where trod the a
dusky race h
Untutored those short years ago, c
to -day
Stands forth our fair Domain, and m
with a place
And name revered and honored far fi
away,
The Union Jack, Symbolizing Three Centuries of History, Combines
Crosson of St. George, St. Andrew and St, Patrick,
The flag under which the Britis
army is fighting is not the Red Eh
sign of the mercantile marine, nor ye
the white ensign of the British navy
but the Union Jack, that we see "can
toned" (to borrow a word from th
language of heraldry) on the .uppe
collier nearest the staff of the re
ensign with which we are most famil
lar.
h
t
e
r
d
As befits perhaps the most vener-
able flag among the nations of the
world, a flag which has left its im-
print on the American Stars and
Stripes and on the flags of the British
Dominions and colonies, the Union
Jack has a long and complicated his-
tory. Other nations have "wrapped"
their former emblems, and set up new
ones during the changes of their his.
tory. The, Union Jack, on the con-
trary, can trace its descent to those
dim times when knights rode in the
lists; when the Cross of St. George
stood red against a white field, and
flew victorious among the arrows of
Agincourt; when the flag of Britain
met the "Bright St. Andrew's Cross"
of Scotland in mortal combat.
To Canadians and to the rest of the
world, who know nothing and care
less about the venerable precedents
and stern dictates of the ancient
school of heraldry, the Union Jack
teaches aarticular• lesson namely,
y,
that flags are not the creations of
color -loving committees and fanciful
artists, but that they all have definite
origins, and every detail has a mean-
ing, if you can understand their
language.
Story of Britain's Flag
So here is the story of the Union
Jack, containing in its carefully
modulated stripings the whole history
of a united Britain. It is a story of
heraldic terms and details, but if you
read it, you will know how to hang
the flag from your house, and what
is more, you will not reverse it, nor
yet hang it upside down as a signal
of distress.
The first "Union Jack" was adopted
in 1606 soon after the union of Eng-
land and Scotland under James 2.
(4 Jac• 1), and the "Jack" is supposed
to be a corruption of Jac., which was
the common abbreviation for Jacobus
or James. The Union Jack combined
the ancient flag of England, the red
cross of St. George on a white field,
with the ancient flag of Scotland, the
white cross of St. Andrew on a blue
field. The two flags were combined
by putting the cross of St. George
with a white edge, or fimbriation as
the heralds call it, representing the
white fleld 62 the old English flag
ver the old Scotch flag, . The rules
f heraldry applicable to flags as well
s to coats of arms did not permit
olor on color or metal on metal. The
bit represented silver, and in a for-
mal description of the flag is termed
argent," Consequently the fimbria.
ion not only preserved a portion of
he ancient white field for the red
ross to repose in, but avoided the
eraldic solecism of placing ai red
ross on a blue field. Tho first Union
auk was azure, a saltire argent, sur-
ounted by a cross of St. George
mbriated of the second (argent).
The Cross of St. Patrick
Terre country of broad acres, whose
ideal
Of Liberty and Justice days gone
by
Fulfilled that promise. So the dream
is real
To -day, And hearts are proud to do
or die.
The way was lengthy, and the path
untrod,
And bloody storms oft mark'd that
growth of years,
Bet with that faith of Home, and trust
in God
The way was clear'd, and smiles
shone through the tears.
Su stands to -day our monument of
pride.
Broad emiling lard that sweeps
from sea to see,
Whose sons to -day are standing side
by side
On blood-stained fields to do or die
for thee.
--Robert Partridge,
"Itis Dominion shall bo also from
the one sea to the other, and from the
flood tanto the world's eh.d:."—Psalm
72, Vis,; eke.,, w .C..... .. ...,.
The union of Great Britain and Ire-
land (1801) introduced a third cross
into the Union Jack—the red cross of
St, Patrick, which was a saltire, like
the cross of St. Andrew,_ These two
crosses were combined, an arrange-
ment which the heralds described as
"quarterly per saltire, counterchang-
he
ed." In each arm we see the two
crosses lying side by side and proper-
ly of equal widths. In the opposite
arm the white becomes red and the
red becomes white. This is what is
meant by counter -changing. When
the two crosses were thus placed side
by side, the red cross of St. Patrick
fell on the blue field and it became
necessary to resort to another fifbria-
tion to avoid color on color. Hence
the narrow white strip separating the
red part of each arm from the blue
field. Then over all again was plac-
ed the cross of St. George, with its
white flmbriation. This produced the
Union Jack of to -day. It is otficiallye
deseribed as follows:
Azure: The Saltires of St. Andrew
and St. Patrick, quarterly per saltire,
counterchanged, argent and gales;
the latter flmbriated of the second;
surmounted by the Cross of St
George 02 the third, fimbriated as th
last,
A Vita/ Necessity
in Peace or Wcw
The operations of Wator.Power and Public IJtitity cone.
paniee aro a vital necessity to the Industrial and imolai
welfare of Canada, and tiro as ementinl In tunes al peace
as in war.
THE 00UTWERN CANADA POWER COMPANY,
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controls waiter 50wnr5 capable of 100,000 ILP, development,
and suppl!,s light and power 1u over 41 umnlripalitics iu
the EasLn,'rl Townships, and �virinl ty.
Timm aro Iwo of our renaons for recommending flow
6% BONDS OF THE $OUVHERN CANADA POWER
COMPANY, LIMITED, which we are otToring with a bouea
of common stock, thus giving Investors an opportunity of
participating In the future eucersn of the t•onmany,
Send far special oircular, and map showing territor•
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Montreal
CANADA'S CONSTITUTION IN THE MAKING
At the Westminster Conference, Held in London, in December,
1866, the Idea of Union Took Shape in The
British North America Act.
The Charlottetown Conference me
on September 1, 1864. All the invit
ed Provinces sent delegates, but th
oldest colony in the Empire, New
foundland, was not represented. Ta
ing a later term in .Canadian histor
it might be said that the conferen
was one of "bonne entente" more tha
of detail, Mr, A. H, U, Colquhoun
remarks in"his book, "The Fathers o
nOonfederation,": "The Charlottetown
.1 Conference was an essential part of
e the proceedings which culminated at
Quebec. The ground had been broken.
The leaders in the various Provinces
had formed ties of intimacy and
friendship, and favorably impressed
each other,"
It was, however, in the Quebec
Conference that the working plat of
the union was framed. The confer-
ence began its sessions on October 10.
There were thirty-three representa-
tives present. These are the Fathers
l of Confederation. After sitting for
fourteen days they agreed on a set of
seventy-two resolutions which were to
be submitted to their respective Legis-
latures. The first, which was pro-
posed by J. A. Macdonald, seconded
by S. L. Tilley, read:
t fectod by the union, and this to some
extent simplified the work."
e The London Conference
New It was in London that the act was
Tale
finall;v slhapod,
The Westminster Conference at
Y London in December, 1866, comprised
ce of delegates from the Canadas, New,
n Brunswick end Nova Scotia, drafted•
the British North America act from
f the resolutions adopted at Quebec in
October, 1804. The British Govern-'
ment was now a thorough convert to
the idea of the union, and Cartier was
able to tell the people of Montreal a
few months afterwards how loyally;
the delegates had been supported,
"It is a great source—I will not say
of pride—but a great source of en -1
couragemehht," he said, "to the public:
men who then took part in that great;
scheme, that it was adopted by the
English Parliament, without, I may
say, a word of alteration,"
"Provincial Rights" Battle
To understand clearly what has be-
come known as the "Provinc:al rights"
fight, it is well to recall that one of
the impelling causes of the Confedera-
tive movement was the fear that
"State" right would run wild as it was
believed it had in the United States,
causing, some thought, the Civil War,
In the constitution of the United
States the powers not specifically de-
legated
o
legated to the Federal Government at
Washington are within the jurisdic- t
tion of each State. The contrary P
was the effect of the Canadian con-
stitution. Any powers not specifical-
ly given to Provinces are reserved to i
the Dominion Government, How
this has resulted not merely in the
slow evolution of Provincial Parlia-
ments, Provincial courts of law and B
other departments, and how the ap- a
parent duplication of some of this n
work had to go on under the Domin-
ion control cannot now be told. It S
is a long story of the gradual fitting 1
of two sets of machinery to each oth. e
er. In the end, though the process is o
not yet finished, it can be said there o:
has been evolved a facile and work-
able scheme. Under it Canada has 1
grown in strength and prosperity, n
In all this complexity one thing m
stands out. It is the high standard e
of the Canadian Judiciary. To the s
Judges of the land has time after .0
time fallen the decision of saying m
what the Fathers of Confederation b
aimed at in a loose phrase, The re- al
suit, where there was so little light D
to guide, has been such that Canada
may well be proud of the intelligence, st
the independence and the integrity of
her lawyers. pl
In the strictly political along there of
have been odd developments, some of
thein far other than those anticipat- su
ed, but which do not seem in working fit
to be attaining dissimilar ends than de
those sought. For instance, in the Ca
United States the power of the Senate b
grew at the expense of the House of to
Rerresentatives. In Canada almost mi
the contrary took place; the Senate co
dwindled in influence and in public on
estimation as the House of Commons Ca
extended. th
Condit]ons, however, are so tactful-
ly observed on the one side, and con-
trol so mildly exercised on the other,
that, instead of causing frictions the
actual limitations Have become a bond th
of sentiment and obligation; they ou
form that unuttered something which Hu
gives the apt lint. of love to Kipling's wh
lines:
qui
no
to
at
Other British Flags
The Union Jack has a top and a
bottom. The crass of St, Andrew
came in before the cross of St. Pat-
rick and takes precedence. Conse-
quently the broader white stripe, rep-
resenting the cross of St. Andrew,
should be uppermost next the staff.
The red flag with the Union Jack
in the corner which we see flying at
the sterns of steamships is known as
the "Red Ensign." It is the flag ap-
propriated to the use of the mercan-
tile marine. The British flag, the flag
used by the army, and flown on pub-
lic buildings, is the Union Jaek—no
more and no less,, Still another flag
is need by the British navy. It is a
white flag with the red cross of St.
George and the Union Jack occupies
the upper canton next the staff.
Thus in Flanders to -day the British
soldier, if he is from Old England,
sees floating above him the cross of
St. George, as the Scotchman sees the
cross of St. Andrew, as "the Irishman
sees the cross of that venerable saint
who banished the snake from his na-
tive heath.
Outgrowths of the Union Jack
The influence of the Union Jack
has spread far beyond the British
Isles. It is safe to say that it: has
left its trace on every Anglo-Saxon
emblem. The American flag, after i
all, is nothing but the Red Ensign, tine
red striped with white, the crosses of
the Union Jack removed from the
canton, and stars substituted on the
blue field to represent the union of
the States. Australia, Canada, and
New Zealand, all of them bear the
Union Jack or part of it cantoned on
their emblems. The"flags of the thir-
teen. American colonies, the anti-
quarian will tell you, are X11] of them
outgrowths of the British emblem,
containing the cross of St. George or
other parts of the Union Jack. The
pictures in the U. S. grammar school
history books to the contrary, the flag
that the Americans carried at the bat.1
tole of Bunker Hill had on it the cross
f St. George, with, as the heralds
say, the pine tree of Massachusetts
for "difference." Many is the time
that British emblem, its component
parts, and its descendants have clash-
ed on the field of battle, but to -day,
the Union Jack has reached a unique
stage in its history. For the first
time every Union Jack iu the world
has joined in a common alliance
against a common enemy. The crosses
of the Union Jack have finally united
against the Black Eagle, which Glad-
stone might have justly called "the
negation of God."
The "Dominion" of Canada.
It was only after much discussion
of the question and after changing
their minds more than once, that the
Fathers of Confederation decided to
call the union they formed a Do-
minion, Sir John Macdonald was in
favors of calling it a Kingdom, says
The Mail and Empire. In
some of the drafts of the bill which
finally issued from the Imperial Par-
liament as the British North America
Actit is provided that the Queen be
autorized to declare by proclamation
that the provinces in question "shall
form and be one united dominion un-
der the name of the Kingdon of
Colnada."
"Dominion" was the term finally
adopted not because it was altogether
satisfactory', but because it was less
open to misunderstanding. To some
minds the name Kingdom might sug-
gest) the Idea of separation. But 1f
the name "Kingdom" suggested too
soaring an ambition, the term "Dom-
inion" seemed rather humble. In
fifty-one years Canada.. has made it a
term of dignity, one',that the daughter
States of Britain throughout the Em-
pire have been proud to adopt, The
self-governing communities of Greater
Britain are now all "Dominions," That
term of distinction differentiates them
from the "colonies." New Zealand
formally adopted the name "Domin-
ion." The British Colonial Office
was reorganized some year's ago and
a Dominions branch was established.
it was je London, England, that the
10auaere of Confederation met in 1807
—61 years ago—in a room of the
Westminster Palace Hotel, which is
now in its club capacity inhabited by
many Canadians' of. the C.E.F, There
was born the .Dominion of Canada,
"That the best interests and
the present and future prosperity
of British North America will be
promoted by a Federal union
under the Crown of Great Brit-
ain, provided such union can be
effected on principles just to the
several Provinces,”
An Historic Gathering
It was a momentous gathering in
the old building in Quebec, now de-
molished. The thirty-three were in
deep earnest about their work. Their
sessions were held in secret. At tho
time a, good deal of rumor ran around
as to what went on in the chamber,
but the facts have since become pret-
ty well known. The gossipy, charm-
ing records will rerdain one of the
most interesting parts of Canadian
literature. But they cannot even be
summarized here. The resolutions
were the essential outcome.
A great many views have been ex-
pressed about the act which has come
to be almost universally known as the
Constitution of Canada, Dr'. Bernard •
Flint, the Clerk to the Canadian
House of Commons, holds that the real
"constitution" of Canada can only be
said to lie in the unwritten laws
which snake up the British Constitu-
tion. Prof. J. H. C. Muar'oe, pro-
fessor of law at Owens College, Man-,
chester, looking at the British North'
America Act with the impartiality
which distance gives, summed up the
effort, not of the Quebec Conference
only, but of the subsequent confer-
ences s,nd consultations with Colonial
Office officials in London, as follows:
A study of the Canadian
constitution offers a special field for
the inquirer, It is a successful ef-
-fort to solve the problem of uniting
distinct States or Provinces untler a
central government. While the
American States had to create not
Merely a central government, but a
government which, within the limits,
laid down, should be supreme, the
Canadian Provinces had to organize
a union, subject to a supreme Execu-
tive, Legislature and Judicature,
all of which already existed. The
executive supremacy of the Queen,
the legislative power of the Imperial
Parliament, and the judicial functions
of the Privy Council remaineC unaf-
A Song 'Ivo Canada.
[Wrftter: by Helen Sevres,: anti reeitr-
ed in Ilia Mnjesty'e Theatre, London,
1'ingiand, by Merle L011r,1
They came in their splendid l'attulroizs
when the m"titerlttnd gave the
sign,
1� r0m ranch and orchard and farhn.
land, from 1'aat0ry, office And
2111110;
Proof the land of the warrhi'lfitod
maple Icor anti the flaming
golden rod,
Where 0 man stakes all au the tusk
in harm, land gives his soul 1*
God.
(1 torn and bratcon battalions, when
you've played your aplondid
part,
'el will take back there to your limo.
land a bit o(- Old :England's
heart;
In the Panel of the warm -Hued maple
leaf and the flaming golden
roti,
We shall face with you the task in
hand, and leave' tho rest to God.
Canada, Britain's Eldest Dauglite.r,.
Canada was the first colony of any
lrnpir'e in all the world's history to
conte to national self-government
without revolution, without separa-
tion, and without sacrificing the back-
ground of the nationse Watery,. says
the Toronto Globe,
Not by the old way of war, and not
at the cost of the alienations war al-
ways brings, but by a new and living
way, by the way of normal evolution
and peaceful development, came
Canada to hold, on this continent, her
place of national self-government and
of international co-operation, the
most unique place of strategy and of
service in all the English-speaking
world,
And not by inheritance alone, for
by any happy chance of geography
or of history, but by the deliberate
and persistent choice of the Canadian
people, was it determined that Canada
should stand up in North America, a
free nation embodying the democratic
idea. Through a half -century of
conflict, involving sometimes fierce
political struggles and sometimes even
armed strife, the people of the colon,
les of Canada came up to the rights
and privileges of national autonomy
secured through the British North
America Act of fifty-one years ago.
First by their representative com-
missioners in London, and then
through their own responsible Legis-
lative Assemblies, the people of
Canada declared to themselves, to the
Government and Parliament of Bri-
tain, and then to all the world, the
Canadian interpretation and applica-
tion of what history calls the Anglo-
Saxon idea—the right of a free people
to govern themseh•es.
The coming of Canada from colonial
dependence to national self-govern-
ment was not only something new in
world politics, a thing without a pre-
cedent or a parallel in the world's
achievements, but also it released in
he world's mind a. new idea. It pre-
ared the way for the coming of 'the
British commonwealth, and in the
mind of the English-speaking world
t gave the idea of World common-
wealth precedence of the idea of
World empire.
Canada was the first -bora in the
ritish family. The family has grown,
nd is still growing, Australia came
ext. Then New Zealand. Then,
through the birth -pangs of war, came
outh Africa. Newfoundland has
ong rejoiced to hold itself a self-gov-
rning colony in the surge and fogs
f the North Atlantic. And, marvel
f all, when this world war broke,
from out the farthest East, with
p edges of devotion and with sacrifices
one but sons can make, came India,
ysterious and mighty, an. Oriental
nnpire of the most ancient fame,
tending up on the alien soil of Eur -
pe to serve and to die in defence of
odern democracy against the latest-
orn of World empires whose insolent
ternative was "World -power or
ownfall."
And a)1 this marvel of the ages, this
range meeting of the East and the
West, this flowing together over the
sins of Europe of the life -currents
the St. Lawrence and the 'Ganges
—all this is Freedom's supremest Is-
e from what was so simply done
ty-one years ago. The world's
mocracy took - a new start when
nada rose from being a colony and
be to be a nation, and when Bri-
in turned away from the faleo
rage of Empire and began to be a
mmonwealth of free nth.tions, 'that,
this fifty-first anniversary of
nada's Confederation, swings round
e world singing together "God Save
the Xing."___
Boys, HowsAbout It? '
Those are some 80,000 Soldiers-of-
e-otl this summer enlisted to holp
t
on the farms so as to head off the
n. Are you one of them? If not,
y not? Boys from 16 to 19 aro re -
red for this service and it is the
at important work a boy ever had
dc. It is backing up the soldiers
the front. Pian to spend your hole-
s on the farm this summer.
Close the Stores Early.
Why not alone the stores every other,
at noon and let tho clerks go out
help on the farms? Why not let
toWnsf employees, including the
wtt clerk, go out on the farm :for tho
vest rush? Why not close the law -
a' ofllees every afternoon? Why
not the school teachers help on the
ma during the holidays?
enters to IKenora dietelee hope to
e a ear of early Eureka seed pota-
to fillip out next year,
WAS A MEMORABLE DAY
,lune 14th 77 Years Ago Parliament
of Canada Met in Kingston
June 1.4th was a memorable day
in the 'history of Canada and King-
ston, for it was on this day, 1841, just
77 years ago, that the sitting of the
first Parliament of Canada Was held
In the small frame building next to
S•t, Paul's pheroli, Queen et„ Kingg-
ston, In this building, which is et
Intact and occupied, the members of
the Parliament of Canada went into
session to carry- on the business of
Daughter am I in my mother's house,
But mistress in my own,"
Canada, then in its• infancy, ,The
speech from the throne was delivered
by his Excellency, Lord Sydenham,
Governor-General of Canada, and
after this event the Gazette du Canada
published its first extra jn Leingee,pnn,
The guard of honor to the Goverho ,
General was furnished by the 14th
Regiment.
dey
day
and
the
har
yen
Can
far
F
hay
toes