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The Seaforth News, 1918-06-13, Page 31 0 cl 0 '0 o- ke v0 of ep ed, ete- ars ee sen ing rnd ger is nls t a uiL the ma - the ar- the nhis /ors, !if !eta. hero!' nmer ; well , .11000 i by Osivek are the I al - 1 Aimee fp"' o oitt feW owes; 0 IERMANS. ilia, To CROSS MARNE: RHEIMS FRONT HELD BY FRENCH Desperate Effort to Capture Cathedral City by Encircling lViove- meat-Repeated Enemy Attacks North of Aisne Smashed. larkets o die Woad lira Toronto, Tune 4. -Mardi:4a wheat --No, 1 Northern, $2,28%1 No. 2 do., $2,20%; No. 8 do„ 32.17%; No. 1 wheet, 32.10%, in tttore ,b'ort Wil- liam, including 24e. tax. Manitoba oaes-No. 2 C.W., 8110; No, 3 C.W., 7814c, extra No. 1 feed, 1:780tow. ruoliunl, feed 75 In store "tinuing with undiminished voilence et Park, June 2, -The battle is cone en-Tardenols, which now ie tinder* a beavY fire. On both flanks also t. rang (mem AMOI1OFAD corn --No. 3 yellow, !kiln the end of the first' week of the re - are eligaged. The tint of these eap- 4ried, ziorainel; No. 4 yellow, kin eumption of the offensive by the Ger- tured Solesone. On the eastern dried, nominal. mous. With the beet troope at their flank, however, they aro meeting with Ontario oats -No. 2 white, 80 to oommand the German coramandene the sternest defence from the Prime°. 811 No. 3 white, 19 to 80e, aceording to reighte eutsitle,_ are eniploying every strategy and the melee eeeeee, which, neverthelette, Ontario ' wheat- -No, 2, Winter, per battle on the left wing is 'being eon- have been obliged to realign in order ear lot, 32.22; betas in store Mont- teeted with a bitterness hitherto un- to keep the front straight, - • real. known. On the -tying between Rheims and positions in the battle -lint r ey Chateau Thierry the enemy is held, are being thrown in to etre then while between SeieHene and the 1V4erne the defending' forces where the, are Allied reserves are now taking up Peas -Nominal. BarioY-Malting, 31,40 to 31.42, aecording to freights oueeicle. Rye -No. 2, 32.10, according to freights outside. Ma dentist flour -War quality, 310.95; new bags, Toronto; Ontario flour -War quality, $10,65,, new bilge, Toronto and Montreal frei3hbs, prompt shipment, Millteed--Car lets -Delivered Mont- real freights, bags included: Bran, Per ton, 335; shorts, per ton, 340. Hay---Nce 1, per ton, 315.50 to 310,50; mixed, 318,00 to 04.00, track Toronto. Straw -Car lots, per ton, 38.00 to 38.50, treat. Toronto. Country Produce -Wholesale the French rewietance is bee:awing weakest in preparation for the elac- .victorioue. ing of a barrier to a further German The Germane continue to pour new ee„„e. divisions Into the battle. No doubt A despatch from London gays: On now remake that they always intelia- the fourth day of the righting the ed to make their supreme effort on German Crown Faucets army failed the Marne, rather than' in the Offen- to gain any coneiderable ground. On sive towards; Amiens, which was start- both flanks of the 30 -mile fighting ed in March. There are 40 divisions front, the allied troops refused to give on the Soleeens-Itheiree battle area, up further territory, despite persist - among them. aro the best trained eat enemy aetucks, while in the con- troope in the German array, attired Ire, between Fere-en-Tardenois and in special uniforms and following new Vesily, about seven miles north of the offensive methods. Fifteen of these Marne'the French reserves have divisions were among Gen. von. Hat- eheeked the German thrust in the di. ier'a 22 divisions, in the March drive rection of Chateau Thierry. It would appear that the allied reserves have come into action as planned and, have made their power f alt. Soissons is regarded se more vital to the allies because of its importance to the Montdidier-Amiens line than the other end of the front. The French are holding the high ground on the fortified plateau of Belk and Mon- tagne, commanding the southern and south-western exit from the city, from whence the main roads run to toward Amiens. The Germans ma a desperate effort to capture Meanie by an encircling movement. They temporarily' occupied Fort Pompelle, but were immediately dislodged by the valiant troope led by Gen. (-lour- and A stabilization of the front, seems to sum up Sunday's fighting, While the Germans have engaged 45 divi- sions, they still have an equal number ready to strike. French troops Saturday night Villers Cotterets. The possession of smashed repeated German attacks of Chateau Thierry and absolute come the greatest violence In the sector nand of Soissons and its arteries north of the River Aisne, between the would not only hold out a distinct Oiee River and Bassoons. Mont de Choisy, after being attack- ed four times by forces of the Ger- 'man Crown Prince, was finally storm- ed, only to be lost again by the in- vaders at the point of the bayonet. On the front between Soissons and 'Chateau Thierry the Germans oc- cupied Longmont, Gooey, Faverolles and Troesnes, but later were driven out by energetic counter-attacks. On the Rheizns-Dorznans front bit- ter fighting is taking place and the Germans have crossed the high road east of Ville-eneTardenois. The French troops, in a counter- at- tack west of Neuilly St. Front, drove back the Germans and 'also in an at- tack recaptured Hill 163 in this re- gion. The village of Champlat also was recaptured and near Ville-en- Tardenois some ground was gained by the French troops. Gallantly Holding On A despatch from London says: - The desperate efforts of the 'French and British to stem the tide against the invaders have served only to slow down the rate of speed of the German advance; the defenders of the heights north of the Marne seem to have been swept aside in the rush of the enemy toward the road to Paris, and the Marne has been reached on a ten - mile front. Aside from the move- - meat of ,the German armies south- ward, two other significant incidents of the tremendous jaatele have occur- red. One is that the Germans have extended their attack to the north- west, along the Ailette River, from which the French have fallen back foe' some distance. The other is that the battle has extended to the east of Rheims, which city, during the first few days of the battle, formed the ex- treme eastern end of the line of bat- tle. Along the sides of the salient form- ed by the rapid German advance to tie Marne, the French and British have been holding their positions gal- lantly. South of Soissons the French have defended their line with such vigor that the Germans have not made much impression upon IL On the other side of the battle area, the British are still holding the forts of Rheims and positions just west of that war-sericken cltY• There is a statement in the French report on Friday night which may mean that Chateau Thierry has been captured or outflanked. This would mark the beginning of a turning movement toward Paris. Paris, in its report on Friday night, says that German attacks on French. positions on the right bank of the Ailette River have been repulsed. It is admitted that the Germane have reached the Marne, light detachments having penetrated as far as the river between Charteves and Joulgonne. On elm right flank of the batble area the situation is unchanged, which is also the condition woe and north of Rheims. More than 45,000 prisoners, over 400 guns, and thousands of ma- chine gone have been taken by the Germane, according to the Berlin of. - Adel communication issued on Friday. Beginning of Drive. A despatch from the French Ariake in France says; The Germans in the Champagne pushed farther towards the River Marne on Thursday. The intention of the Tailbone probably is o some a position enabling them to rn to the westward with the bulk o their sebtacking armies. The ef- forts of the Germans since their first O tepid advance appear to take a fan- . like movement The .principal ool- I Mean of the Teuton &mime seems to he *meting the dieeetion of Wren. threat to Paris, but would enable the enemy to link up his battle fronts on the 'Aisne and Somme, widening out his original salient so that for the purposes of a counter-attack it would cease to be a salient at all. The danger is by no means past, and bot fighting continues along the whole front, especially to the southward, the German official state- ment claiming that they are fighting their way toward the Marne from Fere-en-Tardenois. According to the statement the enemy claims to have taken 35,000 prisoners and a tre- mendous amount of booty in cannon and material. A despatch from London says: Telegrams from Amsterdam indicate that the enemy is preparing the Ger- man public in advance for the slowing down which seems to have occurred on Thursday. Military writers, gen- erally supposed to be in direct touch with the' German high command, suggest that counter-meaeures which Foch will undertake will, in the next few days, slow down, if not bring% to a standstill, the German advance. They suggest that a new offensive must be looked for on another part of the front. Butter -Creamery, Wks, per lb., 42 to 42%c; prints, per lb., 43 to 431/2c; dairy, per lb., 86 to 37e. Eggs -New -laid, 83 to 34e. Poultry -Roosters, 23 to 25c; fowl, 28 to 30c; ducks, 25 to 30c; turkeys, 27 to 30e. Wholesalers are selling to the re- tail trade at the following prices: Cheese -New, large, 28% to 24c; twins, 23% to 24%.c•, old, large, 25% to 26e; twin 26 to 26%e, Butter -Fresh, dairy, choice, 40 to 42c; creamery prints, fresh made, 45 to 47c; solids, 44 to 450. Margarine -82 to 340. lb. Eggs -New laid, 40 to 41c; new laid, in cartons, 43 to 45c. Dressed poultry -Spring chickens, 70c; roosters, Pc; fowl, 38 to 40c; turkeys, 40 to 45c. Live poultry -Spring. chickens, 60e; roostere, 26c; turkeys, 30c; hens, 33 to 370, Beans - Canadian, hand-picked, bushel, 38.75; imp., hand-picked. Burma or Indian, $6.75 to $7.25; Japan, 38.25 to 8.50; Limas 19 to 20c, Maple syrup -3% -lb, tine, 10 to a case, 314.50; imperial gallon tins, per i tin, 32.25; mperial five -gallon cans, per can, 310.50; 16 -gallon kegs, per gal., $2.00; maple sugar, 1-1b, box, pure, per lb., 24 to 26c. Provisions -Wholesale KE GAINS IN Allan WOOD Smoked meats -Hams, medium, 36 to 38c; do., heavy, 30 to 32c; cooked, 49 to 60e; rolls, 32 to 33c; breakfast bacon, 41 to 44c; backs, plain, 44 to 45c; boneless 48 to 490: Cured meats -Long clear bacon, 30 to 31e; clear bellies, 29 to Pc. Lard -Pure, tierces,31% to 32c; tubs, 3111. to 32%c; pails, 32 to 32%ce prints, 83 to 331/2.c. Compound tierces, 26 to 2641.c; tubs, 26% to 2661.0; pails, 26% to 27c; prints, 27% to 28c. adontreal Markets •:. One of the big guns which helped the Canadians to check the German advance in Flanders, 1,137 AIRPLANES DOWNED IN MAY British Bag 492, French 234, Americans 13, and Belgians 5, While Germans Claim 222. London, June 2. -The Times, in an article on aerial operations Saturday, says: "Up to Friday night, 1,137 airplanes were reported downed on all battle fronts in May. This surpasses by 67 the total for March, which, with 1,062, constituted the record month. The losses on the various fronts deer - mg May were: Western Italian Macedonian Palestine :Mesopotamia "Details of the totals on the west- ern front were that 492 German ma- chines fell into the hands of the Brit- ish, 234 to the French, 13 to 'the Americans and 5 to the Belgians. Of the 222 allied airplanes claimed by the Germans they have not put in a claim for five British machines re- ported missing last night, but this number is included in the total of 971 down on the western front. "Eleven German observation bal- loons also were destroyed during the month. "The number of British airplanes reported missing in the same period is 126, inclusive of thosewhich failed to return after raids over Germany. In March 156 of our machines were reported missing and the total num- ber of German machines accounted for was 590, including two Gothas which raided the Paris area. "The German figure of 222 allied machines is one more than is claim- ed in the daily report from the Ger- man main headquarters in Merch, Montreal, June 4. -Oats Canadian Western, No. 2, 93c; do., No. 3, 89%c; extra No. 1 feed, 861/4.e. Flour, new standard Spring wheat grade, $10.95 to $11.05. Rolled oats, bags, 90 lbs., $4.85 to 35.00. Bran, 385. Shorts, $40, Mouillie, 372. Hay, No. 2. per ton, car lots, 315.50. Live Stock Markets British Secure Additional Foot- ing Beside the Ancre River. With the British Army in France, June 2. -The British made a minor attack against a portion of Aveluy Wood early yesterday. The attack gave them additional footing in that wooded tract beside the Aucre River. The Germans have very little room for manoeuvring west of the river, opposite the old Somme battle- field, and the loss of any ground, however slight, adds to their dis- comfore and adds to the disadvan- tage of an attack westward up the slope towards Amiens. By attempting raids and main- taining a harassing artillery fire, the enetny is keeping up at any rate a formal activity on the front between Flanders and Montdidier in order to keep the allied forces occupied. 971 120 25 8 3 Toronto, -June 4. -Extra choice heavy steers, $15.00 to 316.00; choice heavy steers, 314.00 to 314.25,• but- chers' cattle choice, 314.00 to $14.25; do., good, '313.25 to 313.50; do„ medium, $12.00 to $12.50; do. cern- mon, $11.00 to $11.26; butchers' bulls choice, $12.00 to $13.90; do., good bulls, 311.00 to 311.50; do., medillM bulls, 310.25 to $10.60; do., rough bulls, $7.50 to $8.50; butchers' cows, Choice, 312.00 to $13.00; do., good, $11.00 to 311.50; do., medium, $10.25 to 310.50; stockers, $9.50 to $11.25; feeders, $11.25 to $12.00; canners and cutters, $6.00 to $7.25; milkers, good to choice, 390.00 to 3140.00; light ewes, 315.00 to 318.50; lambs, 320.00 to 321.00; calves, good to choice 314.00 to 315.50; hos, fed and -we tered, 320.00; doe 'weighed off cars, 320.26; do., f.o.b., 31.9.00. Montreal, June 4. -Choice steers, $14.75 to 315.25; good steers, 312.01' 314.50 Choice butcher cows, 311.00 to $11.50; poorer grade, 39.50 to $12.00, Butchers' bulls were $9.00 to $18.00; sheep, $13.00 to t15.08; Spring lambs, 38.00 le $12.0 each Choice hog's, 320.50; sows, 318.00 to 319.00. GERMANS ARE USING NEW LONG-RANGE GUN. A despatch from Paris says: Exam- ination of the shells discharged by the Germans in the long-range bons- bardment of Paris, which began again on Monday, indicates that new guns are being used. Larger shells are being employed than formerly, the calibre of the guns being 24 -centi- metre (91/2 inches) instead of 21. The powder charge is greater, and the detonation louder, but the force of the explosion does not seem to have Increased. A alai exploded only a dozen yards from a man seated on a bench, and clid not injure him, e • CANADIAN HOSPITAL BOMBED BY AIR- MEN: MANY KILLED ANDWOUNDED which affords a strong 0500115)00p CONQUERED LANDS ,TIge. Germany Calls On Men of Hanle Provinces to Join Her Colors. A despatch from Parisi earl; Gtene many has begun her eaMpaign to Utilize the omit reef:amen a butane Material in the Baltie provinces to augment decimated ranks in the army, according to a despatch from Switzerland, which deelaree that the Dorpater Zeitung, the German proe 1 paganda organ for the Brake pub- 1 Relies an appeal to youeg MOD in Courland and Livonia, inviting them to join, under the German flag, "Ger. many," itays the appeal, "has DOW 'more than ever the need of eadiere; it is natural that the children Of the provinces delivered from Maali ximet tyranny should give themeolves up to enable Germany to intensify, her ef- fectives and perform their duty like all children of the Empire." MARNE NOT CROSSED AT ANY POINT, A despatch from London eayst Latest reports from the front state that the Germans have not crossed the Marne at any point; that on the southern bank French reserves io large numbers are holding command- ing positions, while all the bridges have been blown up for many miles to the west of Chateau Thierry. To the north-west of Chateau Thierry, the Germans, following tine line of the Oureq, are reported as having reached Neuilly, with the evident in tention of attempting a drive betwee the Marne and the great wooded dill trict surrounding Villers Cotters Building Collapsed Burying Inmates -Majority of Patients Were Rescued by Heroic Men Who Risked Lives to Reach Them. A despatch from the British Army operate on an aviation officer when in France says: Early on Thursday the crash came. All those in the morning German airmen bombed an- room were buried under an avalanche of brick and woodwork. The demo - other hospital -this time a Canadian lished wing caught fire and burned institution -and exacted a consider- fiercely with manyvictims still pin - able toll of casualties, Among those ned in the wreckage. killed by the explosion or flumes was Nothing more awful has occurred an American medical officer who was in the annals of the hospital service administering an anesthetic to a since the war began. Every avail - British ahem in the operating room able person' in the neighborhood was when that part of the hospital was called out to assist in the rescue work, demolished. The raid occurred at and two fire brigades were called in, 10.80 o'clock in the morning. With the assistance of ladders and The hospital attacked was a large other fire apparatus the hospital pro - one, It had been in existence since per was rapidly emptied of patients the early 'days of the war and was and personnel. It was a desperate marked by huge Red Cross signs. situation. A roaring furnace repre- On the storey above the main floor sented what was left of the big wing. were the office and patients' room, and Scores of people worked frenzied- above them were members of the ly at the flaming mass of twisted A despatch from Paris says:, hospital personnel. Part of the wing timbers in their attempts to reach removal of children from Peri was demolished by the terrific exploe those entombed, and many uncoil- begun on 'Thursday morning sion, and many unfortunate people scious forms were carried out bY 1,000 children from the Mon tnl heroic men .who risked their lives to district of the city were place board a special train, bound iJ vacation colony in the Departm Allier, in Central France. This is the first action taken a plan for removing Paris e ll from the possibility of harm f long-range gun shell striking a filled with pupils, as a church worship was in progress was on Good Friday last. , sition to the French holding the lit south-weat of Soissons. Last Measage by Pigeon Told Fate of Three 'Balbohior A despatch from British Hes quarters in France says: A sto just to hand tells of the heroic c duct of three French battalio which were surrounded in the For of Pinon Monday. They entrenc themselves, determined to resist til the end. Succor -could not be s them. Their rifles and machine g were heard for many hours. The message from them came Tues afternoon at 2 o'clock by c pigeon. It said they would hold until the last. It is probable when their ammunition became hausted the survivors were capt 1,000 PARIS CHILDREN REMOVED TO COUN' ANOTHER AIR RAID ON PARIS FAILED. A despatch from Paris says: Seine airplanes crossed tho line in the di- rection of Paris on Thursday night. The alarm was sounded at 11 o'clock, and the "all clear" signal was given at midnight. The enemy machines were under a heavy fire from the de- fences of Paris, and some bombs were dropped on tho region about the city. There were no casualties. BRITISH CASUALTIES 166,000 FOR MAX. Although Listed Last Month Were Victims of Somme and Flanders. A despatch from London says: Casualties in the British ranks re- ported during the ' month of May reached a total of 166,802. The losses were divided as follows: • Killed or died of wounds: Officers, 1,586; men, 20,518. Wounded or missing: Officers, 6,182; men, 138,566, British casualties reported week by week have recently been running near the 40,000 mark, evidently repre- senting the losses sustained during under its peovisions. This takes in the heavy fighting that sbarted with all men who have reported from all ---ee-.--. the beginning of the German offen- points in the Dominion under all sive in March. ______•.-_- i. drafts. : AERIAL POSTAL SERVICE Present lighting Front BETWEEN PARIS AND LONOnN. Extends Distance of 75 Mlles -- A despatch from Paris says: Avia- Paris,itt front extent% 120 kilometres as tors De Vienne and Lorgnat flew from June 2. -The present fighL. the bird flies, It is 82 miles from Paris to London and back in a hydro - airplane IA three hours 01111 ten min- N'oyon to Soissone, about 40 from etes, (tarrying mail. It was the first Soissons to the Marna, and over 40 , in connection with an aerial post - from the Marne to north of Mame, al service between England teed according to the totraneigeant, I France which is being organized, No Attempt To Force Creasing Yet Made by the Invader French Headquarters in France, ,Tune 2.-Althou.gli the enemy, oce auplee the north bank of the 1VIter00e for a !stretch of a <keen mike east from ehe vicinity of Chateau Thierry, he aetnne to have made no serious at- tempt to force a crossing, the only ef- forts in this direction time have been reported being made in email force, These were vigoreuely repuleed by tho Erenelt, were killed and wounded when tha building collapsed and buried them. Strange to say, those who were on the top floor had better luck than those below them, and several escap- ed because they fell on top of the de- bris. The surgeons were just about to reach them. Excellent work on the part of the firemen finally resulted in the fire being extinguished, but there were still many people, including more than one sister, buried in the ruins. There was no hope that they were alive. ANOTHER BRITISH HOSPITAL BOMBED POWDER MAGAZINE EXPLODED BY AIRMEN AT ZEEBRUGGE. A. despatch from Amsterdam says: A. long, heavy aerial attack -was made on Zeebrugge Thursday night, mid at about 1 o'clock Friday morning there was a tremendous crash and the cone cussion was fat hy the entire neigh- borhood. Flames vose high he the air, and it is supposed that a powder magazine was exploded, according to a Flushing despatch to the Tele - grad, --+ RAISED 67,80e. MEN UNDER SERVICE ACT. A. despatch front Toronto says: It was announced unofficially that since the Military Service Act was put into operation last October it has pro- duced 67,800 of the 100,000 required several others wounded, one of the latter probably fatally. The raid lasted two hours, but, thanks to the fact that most AMERICA ALONE IS REPL hospitals were uot crowd , the cas- TONNAGE SUNK BY II- ualties. were much lighter than in the previous bombardment. One hos!ple I 01 Germans Again Attack Hospi- tal, eh had a large /lumber A despatch froin Boston ° much deadweight ship tonn tats Raided on May 19. wounded men in it, was bombed, but been launched from the Milli With the British Army in France, June 2. -British Red Cross hospitals have again come under the German bombing s.covege. This latest attack began at 10.30 o'clock Friday night, and the hostile airmen raided the same group of hospitals which suffer ed on May 19. Several hospitals. were hit, and the casualties among petients and workers Is considerable, One hospital was almost demolish- ed when an enemy aviator dropped an explosive on it after getting his bear- ings by letting tall a brilliant flare, which lighted up the whole district. owing to lucky circumstances, corm paratively few were killed or wounded, the precautions taken saved a heavy loss of life, One hospital had one ward destroyed and two other wards damaged. Several attendants were killed in this plate, and there were other oas!ualties. Tho operating theatre of still an- other hospital was wrecked. the United States in the la weeks as was sunk by Gerr marines during the entire April," said Dr. Charles chairman of the National Se tion of the United States Board, addressing the Am city of Mechanical Engin Last week alone, Dr. Eato ships representing 106,000 Keep the hoe and cultivator going' weight, went down the wa to keep down the weeds that will be I ---e----: very troublesome if allowed to get the ONTARIO SOLDIERS start of the gardener. Loosening the ARE SAFE IN soil aerates it and conserves the mois- - A despatch from Oita One ester was killed at this place and tore. GREEKS SIRE HEAVY BLOW ON THE MACEDONIAN FRONT Capture 1,500 Germans and Bulgarians With Quantities of Material -Advance on Seven -Mile Front. A. despatch from London says: - More than 1,500 German and Bulger- ian prieoners, among them 33 officers, and a large quantity of war materials,! have been captured by Greek troupe I on the Macedonian front. The °Metahl! statement from Monica says: "Greek troops, supported by French arlille,e, Wore ceptured the strengl enemy positions of Srke 01 Legcn on the Steama front on a width of twelvel kilometres and to a depth of two kilo -1 metres. More than 1,500 Bulgarian and German prisoners were token, in- cluding 33 officers. A large quantity 1 of material also was captured. The French official report deserib- ing the battle says: "Greek troope, supported by French artillery, attacked enemy positions of great strength of Srka 01 Lsgen, south of the Struma. Over the whole of the front of the attaek, which mea - aures 12 kilometres, and to a depth War of 2 kilometres, the infantry captured in the first rush the first position of tliiiveenemy, reaching all of their objee- esand passing them at certain points. The enemy reacted strongly with violent artillery fire, and at- tempted west of &dm Di Legen a counter-attack, which failed complete- ly. "Marc than 1,500 prisoners (Bul- garians and Germans), including 33 officers, have been counted up to the present. Important war materials have -feline into our hands, The Greek troops, and the French soldiers which were co-operating with them, in; in s ito have 5110100 of unfavorable atmospheric conditions, 1 "The aerial forces took an active part in the battle, using their ma- . ehine gum at a low altitude on the ' Bulgarian reserves. They have bomb- . arded with I success railway stations in the Vardar and the aviation grouted at IludovYo:, is officially announced chief press censor's office lowing troops have arriv England: Infantry from tario, Nova Scotia, New and British Columbia. Composite battalion fr Railway construction Siege artillery, Details. 300 SOLDIERS EITIED BY Bum A despatch from Lon an instance of the grea of the continuous air r British are malting day different points behind lines where there are tration of troope, a Ge stated that in the ret the British Flying Su there were 800 sold wounded in addition done. Larger Wheat "Let me draw the 1 farmers of Canada to of planting every 000 is in shape to grow i not be an idle man 1. who is physically fit arable T. A. Orerar, culture for Canada,