HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe Seaforth News, 1918-05-23, Page 3Ily Agronomist.
This Department is for the use of our tarns rotative who want the *dole.
of an expert en any question regarding poll, seed, crops, etc. If your question
fs sf sufficient general •Interest, It will he answered through thin column, 11
stamped end addressed envelppo Is oncicccrf with your letter, a complete
+1t stager will be mailed to you, Address Apronarnist care of Wiesen Publishlne
uo., Ltd„ ?3 Adelaide St, W. Toronto,
The Mar,uriael Value of Clover. have ellnwn that fa vigorous crop of
The m,uUn,. of semi -decomposed cher criil contain, at a moderate esti
vegetablemat':;• on present inmate, in its foliage and roots, from;;
our i cols r . .v.oile, sandy and clay 100 to 1.80 pounds nitrogen, 80 to 45
Mime. Mewl intimate relation to pounds phosphoric acid and 85 to 115'
their ]arc dn, i capacity, pounds pota's'h per acro,
1 • ,y= flullfills the meanie- A good stop of clover from one acro;
3,C7. f rendering sails porouslif It were turned under. may, there -j
end ie. e r tivo of moisture, but fors;' be deemed equal, in fertilizing
:deo the essential medium I value, to an application of tent tons of
foe the activiti •a of the bacteria which i barnyard manure,
liberates i'; nt food in the soil, Fur -1 In the experiments referred to, 10;
thornier, , humus constitutes the chief .pounds—per acre of common red clover'
natural MOUree c f the sail's nitrogen was seeded down with various grain'
supply, crops, while adjoining plots were seed-
Applb•ationa of barnyard manure eel with grub) alone, In no instance
may be eonsirlercd the chief means cut-! did the growth of clover depress the
ployecl hi the mnintenance'of humus yield of grain with which it was seed -
in the soil. Supplementary means' ed.
are the growing and ploughing in of a1 In the fo'liowing year, fodder corn
green cover -crop such as rye, buck -!(Leaning) produced 8 tons, 480,
wheat, rape, vetches or clover, Of , pounds more after wheat with clover
these, clover—where conditions are than after wheat without clover. After
conducive to its satisfactory growth— barley and oats, increases of 11 tons,
is to be generally preferred. By mean's '1280 pounds aiid 5 tons, 1440 pounds
of its deeply ramifying roots, clover respectively, of corn, per acre, were.'
disintegrates and aerates the lower obtained on the clover plots.
soil, layers and brings up therefrom With potatoes the results were l
plant food supplies unattainable by equally striking- After wheat, har-
other more shallow rooted crepe. ;ley and oats with clover the increases
An additional advantage which clo-' were, respectively, 43 bushels, 20:
:er, in common with all members of pounds; 29 bushels 40 pounds and 24
the legame family, possesses is that of bushels of potatoes, per acre, as con
its +ability to assimilate the free nitro -;pared with the yields from adjoining
gen of the soil atmosphere by means plots without clover.
of minute bacterial organisms living The full benefits from clover will ns
and operating in email nodules on its a rule be noticeably persis'ten't for eev-1
roots. Thus clover gathers the great- scar years.
cr part of its nitrogen from the air, On soils which are deficient in lima
and its phosphoric acid, potash and a satisfactory ]growth of clover will bel
lime largely from soil depths beyond encouraged by an application of, say,1
the reach of the mots of ordinary two tont of ground limestone per acre.
As a phosphatic fertilizer, designed to
benefit both the grain and the clover
300 pounds of superphosphate or 500
pounds of basic slag, per acre, may be
recommended.
Unleached wood ashes contain, on
011 average, from 4 to 0 per cent. of
potash, about 2 per cent, of phos-
phoric acid and from 20 to 30 per
cent, of lime. They are eminently
suitable as a fertilizer for clover and,
when procurable at a reasonable price,
should be applied at the rate of from 1
25 to'40 bushels (1000 to 1600 pounds)
per acre.
rap:, consequently enriching the sur-
face soil with the a constituents for
the benefit of succeeding crepe.
HOW does clover compare with ma
r.ure as a fertilizer? Barnyard ma-
nure of good average duality contains
approximately 10 pounds nitrogen, 5
pounds phosphoric acid and 10 pounds
potash per ton. Therefore 10 tont
barnyard manure would furnish
:about 100 pounds nitrogen, 60 pounds
p5hoephoric aced and 100 pounds pot-
Experiments conducted at the
;eetro1 Experimental Farm, Ottawa,
Spraying,
Unless many kinds of both useful
and ornamental plants are protected
from injurious ineects and fungous
diseases by spraying, the loan in fruit
and vegetable crops may be very
great, end, in the case of ornamental
planta which would otherwise have at-
tractive foliage and bloom, they may
be rendered very unsightly.
The spraying of fruit trees should
be begun Net after the buds have
broken in the spring end repeated at
the tinier recommended in the spray
calcudaie end pamphlets which are is-
sued by both Federal and Provincial
Guvernmenta and in wllie'li is given in-
formation in regard to the treatment
of the different kinds of insects and
diseases moat 'likely to cause damage,
The apple scall emotes, perhaps,
more lora than any other plant dis-
ease he Canada, yet this can be con-
trolled and clean fruit obtained, by
thorough spraying with either Bor-
deaux mixture or lime sulphur, Oth-
er clieeases and insects can be kept well
under control also by the spray which
hg's been found best for math,
Spraying is u rather expensive op-
eration and it should be done in an in-
telligent manner, otherwise it may he
wasted money, For instance, if the
spray to kill the codling moth, which
affects the apple, is not applied with-
in a very few days after the flowers
fall, the sepals or lobes of the calyx
will have closed over the opening or
"calyx cup" in the end of the apple
into which it in important to spray the
poison. As it is in the "calyx cup"
where most of the insects begin work,
they are not likely to be poisoned if
spraying is delayed and the apple, will
be wormy. A spray 'Mature or solu-
tion which will control one insect or
disease may be of little or no use in
controlling another. Aoaenieal poi-
sons ale the beet fur biting insec'ti,
while soap or tobacco rprays are best
for those which suck their food and
which have to be killed by contact, anal
certain sprays interlace' to kill inserts
will not control fungous discasee.
Get the spray pamphlets and study
them carefully before spraying, but
spray and spray thoroughly!
Billing Potato Beetles.
Spraying potato vines for the pur-
pose of killing Colorado beetles should
be done as soon as the work of the
insect is noticed. This destructive
insect is not hard to control. One
part of Paris green mixed with 20 to
30 parts of air -slaked lime or flour,
and used as a dust spray, affords the
best results on young plants. It
ehould be used when the dew is on, by
neons of powder gas's or dust -spray
machines.
The Paris green spray, prepared by
mixing one pound of Paris green with
75 to 325 gallons of water and add-
ing one pound of quicklime to the mix-
ture, makes an effective spray. This
spray will. buru vines if the quicklime
is omitted.
For the proper mixing and applica-
tion of this spray a bucket pump or
knapsack sprayer of good quality is
sufficient far use in small gardens, but
on a large scale a potato sprayer
drawn by horses through the rows of
plants is necessary.
Arsenate of lead serves the same
purpose as Paris green, one pound
combined with 15 to 20 gallons of wa-
ter being more adhesive. It sticks
mare firmly to the leafage, and is
much less likely to produce scorching
than the Paris green spray.
Cleaning up the vines and plowing
potato land in the fall after the crop
has been harvested will aid in reduc-
ea i
A year's effort may he lost by neg-
Ieeting brood mares at foaling time.
In view of the time it takes to produce
r foal, nobody can afford to neglect the
mare and foal, even if it means stay-
ing un for a few nights.
In -foal mares should be provided
with clean, disinfected box stalls, if
possible, sometime before they foal.
As soon after birth as possible the
foal's navel should be tied and disin-
fected with iodine or some other good
disinfectant. See that the foal's di-
gestive apparatus and kidneys are in
working order within twenty-four
hours after birth.
Mares, after foaling, should be
given water, not too cold and not in
too large quantity. • The ration for
two or three days should be compara-
tively light, and similar in nature to
that fed before foaling. A sound,
pure-bred stallion should be used if the
best results are t6 be obtained with
next year's colt. A low service fee is
too often the deciding factor with
many mare owners in the selection of
a erre. A low fee is usually a sign of
an inferior stallion.
Colts from inferior or scrub sires
will sell for much less than those sir-
ed by the sound, pure-bred stallion,
.A. Wisconsin farmer for several years
bred his mares to a grade stallion, He
finally decided to patronize a pure-
bred. Sometime e after he held an
auction sale. Yearlings, two -year-
olds and three -year-olds, all by grade
sire, sold for $37, $55 and $76 a head
respectively, while weanlings from the
same mares, sired by a purebred stal-
lion, averaged $101 each. Several
Wisconsin farmers purchased a pure-
bred stallion and placed the service
fee at $25—$10 more than any com-
petitor. A three-year-old gelding
sized by him was 'sold to a dealer for
$625, and not one went for less than
$225.
"Our business in life is not to get
ahead of other people, but to get
ahead of ourselves,"
"Not only to say the right thing in
the right place, but far more difficult
still, to leave unsaid the wrong thing
at the tempting moment."—Sala.
POULTRY,
1 t � � FE17•HERS
10I$heet F°rloee Paid
Prompt Returns—No doniiniseton
P, rouLiai A C9.
se stCluitoanrp tSOel celti *settee:
gen
"Mangels are tho most valuable
crop on the farm; they are .one of
the best feeds we know for making
records," says the manager of a suc-
cessful dairy farm. "We feed a cow
weighing 1,300 pounds or 1,400
pounds, about forty pounds of man -
gels daily; larger cows get fifty
pounds daily. We always plant about
five acres of the long red variety, be-
cause we receive the greatest tonnage
from those and they are the sweet-
est."
A deep, well manured, thoroughly
prepared seed -bed is used. The
ground is always fall .ploaved, as it
makes it much easier to control the
weeds while the plants are getting a
start. The seeds are drilled with a
garden drill in rows three feet apart,
as soon in spring as the seeds can be
put in the grouucl. As 00021 as pos-
sible the ntangels are cultivated with 1
a specially constructed hand cultiv- e
w
ing' the number of hibernating beetles.
If there were a dehydrating
evaporating) plant in every commun-
y,tthousands of bushels of potatoes,
tc., night be saved that may other-
ise go to waste this spring.
atar. The first cultivation is the
all-important thing with mangers. If
you give them a fair start they will
keep down the weeds themselves
The mangers are constantly kept
thinned out and are picked up in the fe
fall before the frost if possible. They eh
do not have to be dug like beets, as
they are always at least three-fourths ed
above ground when mature. Some
years they have made from fifty-
seven to fifty-eight tons to the acre.
Roots were used in making nine of
the ten highest records in the Guern.
sey breed.
As far as passible, the interior fix-
ures of a poultry house, such as
rmsts, meths, dust bows, drinkinguntains, feed troughs and grit boxes,
ould be so constructed as to permit
diem to be readily removed and clean -
While growing stock must be plen-
tifully fed with nutritious feed, care
must be taken not to overfeed. Over-
feeding is often worse than under-
feeding.
Nesta of sitting hens must be so
situated that the hens can go on and
off at will. Under no circumstances
must these nests be in the regular lien
house, unless one wishes to fight lice
from the moment the dekko are born.
Keep plenty of feed and Water con,;
stantly before the broodies, and do
not annoy them any more than is
strictly necessary.
13e on the lookout for hidden nests.
Ilens that are on range are very like-
ly to hide their nests at this time of
the year, and thus many eggs ar lost+,
Do a little house cleaning. Get a
broom and sweep down the cobwebs
and gather up all the dirty litter and
droppings that will be Lound on the
floor. Droppings that accumulate on
the dropping boards should be cleaned
up at least once a week, ppray the
house every month 'with a coal -tar
product, line zenoleum, which will not
oply destroy vermin, but which will
also kill all disease germs that inay
be lurking found,
on. the face of an af`tive, vigorous man, is a very different razor
test from the beard which at a
growsdesk or behind a counter.
That's that's why three years' service in the lxenehes has done more than
tten years' use in the cities to single out, for real, stiff shaving, the
Saf
az
The man who doesn't get time to shave every morning—whose
beard grows thick, sun -cured and wiry—he's the one who gets the
most solid satisfaction out cf his Gillette.
Such an edge as it offers you --always ready without honing or •
st'iiopping ! How easy it is t•o adju t it, with a turn of the screw
handle, for a light or clove shave, or a tough or tender skin ! How
neatly it works round th:-at awkward corner of the
jaw ! And how good it feels as it slips through
the stiffest beard you: can put it up 'against !
There's certainly a treat waiting for you the
day you buy a Gillette ! Why not make it soon ?
Gillette Safety Razor Co. of Canada, Limited
Office and Factory r 65-73 St. Alercaru1s r Street. 320
GOOD HEALTHUEST ON BOX
By Andrew F. Currier, M.D.
Dr, Currier will answer all signed letters pertaining to Health, It your
question Is of general interest it will be answered through ahese columns;
if not, it will bo answered personally if stamped, addressed envelope is en-
closed. Dr. Currier will not prescribe for individual eases or maize diagnosis.
Address Dr. Andrew Ir, Curler, care of Wilson Publishing Co., 73 Adelaide
St. West, Toronto.
Pre -Natal Instruction of Mothers.
We have only begun to consider the
question of disease as the result of
lire terrible war in which all the world
is now engaged.
We see how it has not only slaugh-
tered millions of men, but has de-- is the chance for their unborn off -
1 ed are the virile, the active, the repro-
ducers,
But suppose there was a chance for
reproduction; the woolen are filled to
the brim with hatred, bitterness, with
t suffering of every description—what
populated country after country.
We can as yet scarcely realize the
ghastly effect it has had upon cam-
munitios where the civil population is
worn and weakened with woe and'
anxiety, and where there is, and will
continue to be, hunger, thirst and nak-
edness.
Is there any power in medicine or
sanitation which will stay it? Will '
there be doctors and grave diggers
enough to go around?
The mind reels at the prospect, The
men who are being killed and invalid-
ECU.,,............,
nvalid-
m mU
CU T Ov
Tf1D
/� FOL.0 L.D Ol'`P DOTTED LII`d�.
T `a
Rolp ,
r 0,4�+AM1pi
"Your work's di sgraeeful, , teacher said,
"You really can't be bright."
But Willie folded up the board
And *mired that he way right, .
a. .
spring?
What will be their inevitable in-
heritance, physically and mentally?
Only recentiy has the importance of
instruotdng expectant mothers in the
hygiene of pregnancy been recognized
as part of the duty of the Health De-
partnrest,
What duty could more positively
be paramount? No observant farm-
er needs to be told that his stock will
bear better offspring if they are well
cared for when pregnant, than if they
are neglected or abused,
Why should there be a different re -
suit th
when the e pre
1At
t female i
s a
womtin ?
From the moment a woman enters
the pregnant state, she enters a new
condition of being, physiological, it is
true, but as liable to mishaps and de-
rangement as the performance cf any
other fonction—digestion or assimila-
tion, for instalice.
The mother shares her blood current
with her unborn child, and whatever it
contains is contributed to the child's
life,
An unhealthy mother in body, mind,
or morals, cannot help impressing
upon her child more or less of her
pecu'liaritiea.
Wherefore, disease OT emotional'
shock, or atr•ain, of any kind, is quick -
1y communicated to her child, often
with a final result,
A pregnant woman should realize
net only that 'she is carrying a child
If women would realize this sacred
trust, how stuck more they would get
from this moat beautiful of all physio-
logicel condition's, and they would
bring into the world children who
would not be handicapped by an in-
heritance which would cripple them
more or less for life.
Pitiable, indeed, is the lot of the war
baby, with all that is included in the
thought; and how thankful Canadian
women, who are pregnant, should be
that they have been spared many of
the ills which their less fortunate sis-
ters, abroad, have had to bear!
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
J. B.—If you will send stamped and
addressed en'v'elops full particulars
regarding eczemawill be mailed to
you.
A Farmer's Sun -1, The noise
which you hear is produced by the
combined action of fluid and air in the
stomach. It often comes in con-
nection with indigestion, and is not
of very much significance, although it
is annoying, 2. If, when the trouble
oceans, you would add one teaspoonful
of peppermint water to half a glass
of hot water, and drink this slowly, it
would dispel the gas,
T. B.—It is generally supposed
styes are the result efinfection. If
the bowels are kept freely open, and
the eyelids are frequently moistened
with a solution of boric acid, it will
relieve the trouble.
X.R.—Is it possible to cure a fibroid
tumor of the abdomen by means of
`>-rays ?
Answer -1 think I may say quite
positively that it is not. The only
successful way of treating them, as
I have found in a long surgical experi-
ence, is by removing them.
Mrs. C. E. D.—Ie rheumatism some-
times r'eferred'to ae "growing pains?"
Answer—It is possible; but if that
is the case, it is incorrect. I doubt
if there is any such thing as "vow-
ing pains,"
•
Make Money by Boarding Pets.
A country boy or girl, if he or she
oyes to care for animals, may com-
leine profit and pieasure by keeping
one city child's, pots during the far-
ly's summer vacation or while away
n a trip.
City people will pay well for good
care given to prized pets during their
absence, A Shetland pony, a canary,
Angora cat or a fine blooded dog will
ptove a pleasant companion for the
bo or girl Ail the farm, and requires
lit l .Neill'• ten feed.
II the ani la are Ill first-class eon -
clition when 't the Owner comes to claim
them, he Will raecrnmen.d the keeper
to his city •Friends, and in this way
a good paying business can soon be
}worked Ili:,
1
which is going to belong to her, but
also to the state and to the. wound. s
If sale has this feeling, she will try.i
very hard to take proper care of her -10
self.
At her daily task she will spare her-
self as niueh as possible for the sake
of her 00100; she will eat; food that can
be readily digested so that her child
will have its proper share; she will
try to gait plenty of• sleep; sin wil+l'tr
to avoid worry, encs. mepesure iii'-tve
and cold; elle will not give way to
anger, fear and hatred; and sore will
often consider that she de tate only
protector her child can have while she
is carrying him within her body,
E SWAMP %%AT
DIDN'T SWAMP'
By The Bride
Charley and 1 soon discovered t3u1
a good cow and .a growing garde )I
made half of our living on the farll •1J
rortuna'tely we owned bgish,., so;, whl;l
complain? Charley's uncle had give 1
us an old farm for a wedding p'resen't,
Most of the land Was in a swamp,
Charley jokingly called it a "frog''
farm," and it certainly looked the pea's;
"This farm is a fine opportunity for
Al bright, capable fanner to display hls
etickigg qualities,". laughed Charley..
"But Charley, can't we drain that
boggy, sticky land by digging ditches
and placing tile in them? I behove I
read something like that once,"
That is exactly what we did. We
were both young and strong, and
working far our own selves was fun.
I believe it is a wife's duty to be a
real helpmate to her husband. And
when Charley came in. at night., tired
i tt ! hungry, I always managed to have
an appetizing supper ready.
"Mary," he complained one even-
ing, "you will have less washing to
do if you don't prose napkins on the
table."
at's very true, Charley. But'el-
thot:g']i we may riot have much to eat,
what we have moat be served decent-
ly," 1 said
Charley said nothing, but I noticed
he smiled and whisked an he chopped
wood that evening. He was satiated
with me.
We worked hard that spring and
sunnier, I in the garden and house,
and attending to the chickens and cow;;
while Charley lebered faithfully out-
doors. Gradually our farm was trans-
formed into a real one. I sold $25
worth of vegetables from our garden;
that wasn't much, but it helped a lot.
Our land -hearted neighbors encourag-
ed and praised our work, and that
helped, too.
I had a little idea all my own. For-
tunately I had a good education. There
wae,, a schoolhouse located one-half
mile from our place. I reasoned than
I could attend to my househod dtaics
and still teach that school! But I
failed to mention this to Charley un-
til I had obtained my certifier.te and
secured the school. The term would
b'e eight months, at $75 a Manch.
Then I told him,
He went "straight up in the air," as
the saying goes.
"You mart net do it," he expostu-
lated. "What will the neighbors say?"
I was expecting this, and had my
answer ready. "They might aay that
it is a very poor wife who can't slake
some of the living!"
"But we can inalce a living w:theut
it, dear," he insisted.
"And we can have a better living
with it," I argued.
Charley soon decided it eras no use
to argue with a woman. He regret-
fully surrendered. I had wen my
point, and I taught that school.
Thatyear we had an immense crop
of alfalfa. We decided to start a
small dairy. I helped milk the cows,
and Charley delivered the milk to our
customers. We built up a good trade,
not only in milk but in vegetables as
well. It 10 a great satis•Eaction to
have a steady income every day. Bart-
ter and eggs soli like hot -cakes. Dur-
ing the school term I hardly had time
to eat. I'm afraid I ncgleoted Char-
ley, but he never complained. Pro-
bably he didn't he-ve time.
The greatest compliment I ever re-
ceived was one day at church. I over-
heard one neighbor say to ann'her:
"There go two huaatlers!" That bit of
praise helped us over many rough
spots. We were pressingly in debt;.
but work and stick-to-it-ivo-ne:ea
always fired a way out.
Aa we raised alniaat all our food,
my salary was applied on the debt.
Charley purchased more stock for the.
dairy and installed a meeh:u:ical rniilc-
er. We didn't w a<te a tri n ,. wire
secured some h<althy plc nd fed
them the separator milk, Even the
wood -ashes from the cook store were
saved.
I taught school olily one tc: m. Tha
second year after we were not ;Tied I
had a little kindergarten ofs
!. my U 'n
to teach.
Why Orchards Must Ile Sprayed
"What's all this new-fangled talk
about spraying?"' says the oldest in-
habitant. "When I was a boy—." That
is the difference. Grandfather did
not have to contend with the swarms
of pestiferous insects, that make or-
charding so difficult for his grandson.
Spraying was not necessary in those
days because apple orchards were
more widely scattered and as a result
insects were not so numerous. With
the increase of orchards, insects be-
came more numerous, not only from
multiplication but by importation
from infested territory and from for-
eign lands. For many years insects
were permitted to multiply unham-
pered and as a result they made or-
oharding unprofitable, They are se
numerous and destructive now that
spraying, pruning, and the best cul-
tural methods must be practised to
make the orchard pay.
Use raisins far 'sweetening in rice
pudding.
Save toast made from -wheat bread
by getting up earlier and making muf-
fins ,f eon the many ivheevt aubstltu�s,,,
. Peas and onions can be followed by
tomatoes; onions,cabbage and lettuce
can bo followed ivy snap beans; beets
and cern can be followed by turnips;.
cont end beans by cabbages, and in
this way the garden can be kept busy
a .shr'ou lairi�win W 4 alit to 9