HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe Seaforth News, 1917-10-18, Page 6This ertis ..eat
may induce you to try the first pcket of ,
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B113
A'9h
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aaiVdF'!�u�v;llf
fsep)i'oeljr
Author of
"All fora Scrap of Paper," "Dearer Than
Lire," etc. Published by I•Iodder &
Stoughton, Limited, London and Toronto
CHAPTER V,—(Cont'd.)
"I would like to see those blooming
German trenches," said a Lancashire
lad "and I will too."
He lifted his head above the sand-
bags and looked towards the brown
heaps of earth perhaps a hundred
yards away.
"Dost'a see any Germans?" some
one asked.
"I'm not sure," replied the lad, "but
I believe I see the top of a German
helmet."
"Duck clown quickly," said another,
"thou'st been holding thy head there
too long."
"Nay, there's no danger," replied
the lad, "it's all as quiet as—" But;
he did not finish the sentence; at that'
moment there was a crack of a rifle'
• and a bullet passed through the poor
boy's brain.
"That will be a warning for you{
fellows,said an officer who came up
just then. "You must play no tricks;:
there has been hundreds of lads killed'
here who would never have been
touched if they hadn't been careless'
and foolish. Let's have no mote of,
your Hampstead Heath Bank Holiday;
skylarking."
Toni did duty at the front trench
on several occasions, but nothing of
importance took place. The Huns'
seemed comparatively quiet, and while'
there was severe artillery work on'
both sides, Tom did not receive a!
scratch.
The fourth time he went to the front'
lines, however, he felt that there was a'
change in the atmosphere, and he saw;
by the strained looks and the com-
pressed lips of the men that some-
thing desperate was expected. The'
officers gave their orders with more,
sternness than usual; every one was
alert.
Tom thought he knew what intense
artillery work meant, but he realised
that day that hitherto he had seen and.
heard nothing. Such a tornado of
shells burst around him that it was
like hell let loose. Hour after hour
'the Germans bombarded our trenches,
tearing great holes in the ground, and
undoing the work of months. It
seemed to Tom that no man could es-
cape.
"Oh," cried the boy, "if they would s
t3�yh
DOMESTIC 'SCIENCE AT ROM
Fourteenth Lesson. ---Yeast.,
Fermentation, which is an import-; oven of 825 degrees Fahrenheit, pro -
ant factor in the making of bread, is duces a light, porouirloaf of bread,
produced by the presence of roast, Its That the yeast cells may have sue -
hes been known for thousands of years eessful growth, it is necessary that the
that many organic bodies, when ex-' flour be of gpod quality,- that a tem -
posed to vertaia changes, will ferment,l'perature from sixty to nighty degrees
The dust in the air contains much fen- Fahrenheit be maintained and that the
menting organisms; also the air eon-; dough have active manipulation at the
tains molds and bacteria, such as stale proper periods.
bread mold and a clamp atmosphere! Tho various degrees of ferinenta-
mold, as on leather. Wino, beer and; tion are known as the alcoholic, the
milli become sour when exposed for a acetious and the putrefactive. There-
certain length of time to the atmos fore, the process of , fermentation
pllere above fifty-eight degrees Fah-
renheit,
Ancient history shows us that early
Egyptians obtained their wild yeast
from the air and so started their
dough. They also retained a portion
of each bread -mixing to start the next.
Yeast plants can be gathered and cul-
tivated from the air by exposing a
phdishereof, fermenting' sugar to the atmos-
,
nd Yeast is a plant of the simplest
structure consisting of a chain of Alcoholic Fermentation
er single cells, growing very rapidly and Tho carbohydrates and sugars play
ng multiplying a thousandfold, if given an important part in alcoholic fer-
ad proper food for immediate assimila- mentation, changing the sugar to a
tion. This food must contain protein, gas called carbon dioxide, and alcohol,
or sugar, mineral ash and starch. This fermentation is produced by
e- Yeast is divided into two classes— yeast which feeds upon the malt mat-
h. wild and cultivated yeast. Wild yeasts ter in the flour and other ingredients
added to the dough.
Salt
Salt plays an important part in the
action of the yeast upon the dough.
Salt which is soluble in hot and cold
water, quickly absorbs the dampness
from the atmosphere, For successful
results use a high-grade salt, which
will give the best results. The amount
of salt added tothedough controls the
action of the yeast. Too Little per-
mits fermentation to progress too
quickly while too much has just the
opposite effect. It will delay the ac-
tion>uf the yeast beyond its proper
time.
which the English bac( taken, ai
cried for help,
Which of you chaps will volunt°
to go and fetch him in?" cried a you
officer whose bravery that day h
been the talk of all the men.
Each looked to the other as if f
response; they were dazed and b
wilderecl by all they had gone throug
"I say," said another officer, "yo
can't expect any of the chaps to
that, Directly the Huns see any o
going tc him they will shoot hi
Besides, he may be nearly dead; bet-
jter nut an end to him."
"Fut hoar how he groans!" cried th
young fellow. "There, I'll do it."
He leapt from the trench and rust
ed along the intervening space f
Perhaps about fifty yards: then liftin
the German officer bodily, he brougl
him back to safety.
"I ant parched—parched!' cried th
German, as if in agony, "give me wa-
ter." The young Englishman got a
cup of water and held it to the Ger-
man's lips, but even as he did so th
German drew his revolver and sho
him through the heart.
What happened to the German afte
that 1 will not try to relate, W
am I describine• this, and why have
mentioned this incident? Only that o
people at home may realise wha
heroes our lads are; what they hav
to face in order to save our country
and what kind of an enemy they hav
to deal with. I am describing it t
try if possible to raise a blush o
shame on the faces of those skirker
at home who are a disgrace to th
name of Englishman.
Toni passed through this ordeal
without a scratch; and by and by when
his company was relieved, and he re-
turned to a place of safety, the whole
episode seemed but a ghastly dream.
And yet it caused a great change to
Tom's life, If he hacl been asked to
describe it he would not have been
able to do so; it was something subtle,
elusive; but the change was there. He
felt as though he had a new concep-
tion of life; and he realised its tre-
mendousness as he had never realised).
before.
He was by no means given to
philosophising, but two things impres
ed him. One was the tremendous
which has for its object the making of
bread, must be of an alcoholic nature.
Acetious fermentation, when pre-
sent in the right amounts, gives a
good flavor to the bread, but if it is
permitted to ferment' too strongly, it
will cheek the alcoholic fermentation,
which will cause a dull, heavy loaf.
The putrefaction stage is the last
stage of fermentation, which results in
a damp, smelly, sticky loaf of bread
that is milt for use,
u have no bearing upon this subject.
do' Cultivated yeast is now furnished in
ne the form of dompressed calces.
• These cakes must be of a reliable
character and of uniform goodness, so
that they will produce a healthy, se -
0, tive fermentation. A low-grade yeast
win); give an undesirable ferment and
1-; cause certain changes to take place
0r, before the proper time; this will cause
g the bread to lose in weight and flavor
It and also lower its nutritive value. The
1 process of :fermentation of an alcoholic
e, nature creates a carbon dioxide gas,
which when the dough is baked in an
e
t The following are recipes issued by
the Domestic Science expert of the
✓ Food Controller's office for dishes to
hy'take the place of beef, bacon and
I wheat in order to conserve these foods
urlfor our soldiers overseas.
ti Fish Chowder. -2 cups potatoes
e, (sliced), 1 cup onion (sliced), 1 cup
, fish (sliced). Cook the potatoes, fish
si and onions separately and drain. Make
° a white sauce. Put the fish, potatoes
• and onions in the white sauce, re -heat
eand serve hot.
Saving Eubstitutes.
White Sauce. -2 tablespoons flour,
2 tablespoons butter. Heat these in a
frying pan and cook for' one minute.
Do not allow to brown. Add one cup
' of milk and stir until perfectly smooth.
I Season with one half teaspoon of salt
' and one-eighth teaspoon of pepper.
Salmon Croquettes. -1% cups cold
flaked salmon, 1 cup thick white sauce,
ew grains cayenne, 1 teaspoon lemon
juice, salt. Add sauce to salmon,
then add seasonings. Spread on a
plate to cool. Shape, dip in crumbs,
t egg, and crumb again, fry in deep fat,
land drain.
Macaroni and Cheese. --Cook ma-
-I Caroni in boiling salted water for
twenty minutes. Drain and pour
over it cold water. Put a layer of
macaroni. Sprinkle with grated fish.
Repeat. Pour the white sauce over,
this and cover all with buttered
crumbs. Bake until the crumbs are
brown.
Macaroni, Cheese and Tomato.—
Prepare as for macaroni and cheese,
only use tomato sauce instead of
!white sauce. Prepare as for a white
• sauce, using tomato juice instead of
milk.
Scrapple.—Boil hogs -head and other
lean pieces of meat as shanks and liv-
er. Cook very tender. Take out
bones, grind whole, and put in water
!ill which it was cooked, and when boil-
ing hot stir in gently 1-5 as much corn-
' meal as meat. Season to taste; cook
2 hours. Pour into mould and serve
'fried.
Pea Soup.—Marrowfat peas, 1 tea-
! spoon sugar, 1 pint cold water, 1 slice
'onion, 2 tablespoons butte% 2 table-
spoons flour, 1. teaspoon salt, 1/e tea-
spoon pepper, 1 pint milk. Add sugar
and cold water to the peas, and sim-I
mer twenty minutes. Rub through'
a sieve re -heat, and thicken with but-
ter and flour cooked together. Scald
milk with onion, remove onion, and
add milk to pea mixture, season with
salt and pepper. Peas too old to
serve as a vegetable may be utilized
for soups.
Cooked Cereal Muffins.—Cooked oat-
meal, 1 cup; flour, 11/2 cups; milk, 1/
cup; egg, 1; salt, 1/z teaspoon; sugar,
2 tablespoons; melted dripping, 2 table-
spoons; baking powder, 31/ teaspoons
(level). Add half the milk to the
beaten egg. Mix the rest of the milk
with the cooked oatmeal, and stir un-
til smooth. Then combine with the
dry ingredients and beat well. Last
of all add the melted dripping, and
beat again. Bake in greased gem
pans,
Cream of Lima Bean Soup. -1 cup
dried lima beans, 8 pints cold water, 2
slices onion, 4 slices carrot, 1 cup
cream or milk, 4 tablespoons butter, 2
tablespoons flour, 1 teaspoon salt, 1
teaspoon pepper. Soak beans over-
night; in the morning drain and add
cold water; cook until soft and rub
through a sieve. Cut vegetables hi
small cubes, and cook five minutes in
half the butter; remove vegetables,
add flour, salt and pepper and stir
into boiling soup. Add cream, re-
heat, strain, and add remaining but-
ter in small pieces,
Fried Cornmeal Mush.—Cornmeal, 1
cup; water, 4 cups; salt, 1/2 teaspoon.
Put the salt in the boiling water, and
sifted cornmeal, Cook thoroughly.
Pack into tins as a baking powder tin
to form in a mould. To fry turn out
of the mould. Cut into slices, dip in
dry oatmeal and fry in dripping,
Serve with syrup as a breakfast or
supper dish:-
Johnny
ish:Johnny Cake.—Cornmeal, 1 cup;
white flour, 1 cup; sugar, 1-8 cup;
our milk, 1.1/2 cups; soda., 1/2 teaspoon;
baking powder, 1/2 teaspoon; salt, 1
be quiet for only a minute! If one
could only stop to take breath!"
But there was no cessation; it t
seemed as though the Germans were
determined to make a final and over- k
whelming attack; as though all the ex-
plosives in the world were concentrat-
ed on those few miles.
The sights were horrible; he saw
shells falling on groups of men, tear-
ing them to pieces, while all around s
him were the shrieks and cries of the s
wounded. Some of the men who were i
yet untouched yelled as though they s
were mad, others laughed, but their h
laughter was not natural; it was p
.frenzied, wild, just as though they w
were madmen. h
"We can't stand it! We can't stand t
it!" cried the boy. "We shall all be 1
blown into eternity. Why do we p
stay here like this?"
He spoke to the sergeant who had
given him a description of the first h
battle of Ypres some time before, The
sergeant was comparatively cool; he
had been through it before.
"It's nothing to you whether we are
Ding anything or not," replied the
ergaent, "besides, don't be a fool; our
uns are giving them as hot a time
s their guns are giving us. Don't
ase your head."
"I wouldn't mind if I could do
omething," said the poor boy, trembl-
amount of heroism that lay latent in
t he commonplace lads who had come
out with him. He knew many of
h
em before they joined the Army;
new them just as they were. Hum-
drum workaday boys who did not seem
capable of anything like heroism; but
the war had brought out new qualities,
fine qualities. He saw how those
men were willing to sacrifice them -
elves for others; saw them doing all
orts of glorious deeds. One fellow
mpressed him tremendously. He him -
elf was wounded, but nbt badly, for
e could easily have crawled to a
lace of safety; and yet he remained
ith a comrade, holding his head on
is knees and ministering to him as
enderly as a woman, in a spot where
Ifo could not be valued at a pin's
urchase. Deeds like that are °om-
on at the Front.
The other thing which impressed
im was the tremendous power of re-
ligion. Before he went up to the fir-
ing line he had heard one officer say
to another, "I wish the chaplains
could be allowed to go up to the front
line of trenches, You see, when
men have no religion to support them,
the constant bombardment and danger
make them jumpy." Tom realised
what this meant after the action I
have just described. He himself felt
that he needed a Power greater than
his own, to steady him.
(To be continued.)
1'Do! Unless I'm mistaken there will
e enough for us all to do very soon.
here! firing has ceased! Look out!"
It was as the sergeant said; almost
ddenly there was a calm, and a
w seconds later Tom heard a com-
and which made his knees knock to-
ther.
What happened after that Tom
uld never describe; even if he could,
would not have done so. As he
is said to me more than once, "It
s not something to 'calk about, it
s a matter of bayonet work; it was
hting face to face, steel to steel."
Tom didn't feel fear now; all that
s 'gone. His muscles were hard
thoughts were tense, he saw reds
esently he had a conviction that we
:e gaining ground, and he suddenly
ame aware of the fact that we had
ned the better of the situation and
returned to our trenches. A
nber of the enemy had been taken
oiners, and the plot avhich the Ger-
ie had hatched had coma to no-
g. Immediately afterwards some -
g happened which Tom never for -
A German officer lay wounded
o little distance from the trench
uteri' Lantern Slides
ntal List and Catalogue on
request,
Lanterns eu ened to ghurohes and
noels at 110g evened n7iyne'p'+
Vsarzt l 0V LAl0l2XiEN S,LXD 1
rnmaaannankrat
e Qaaeli 0s, ant, 7 'nor ?1}i ..
POLYPS THAT ARE FIGHTERS.
One of the Strange Inhabitants of a
Stagnant Pool.
A stagnant pool is the home of mul-
titudes of strange animals, but none
of them is more odd than a species of
polyp that is one-fourth of an*neh
long and of the thickness of a bri,
Under a strong magnifying glass it
looks like a tube of jelly,
It is, however, provided with thread-
like arms for seizing its prey; and
naturalists are inclined to believe that
it paralyzes its victims by electric
shocks. In this way only can the fact
be explained that the polyp is able
to overcome creatures vastly bigger
and more powerful than itself,
A specimen has been seen to grasp
two large worms at the same time—
whereupon the latter, though strug-
gling desperately, were unable to
bleak away, and in a moment lost all
power of motion,
The polyp is incredibly fierce. A
curious thing about it is that, if turn-
ed inside out like a glove, it quickly
accommodates itself to the new ar-
1'aitgemeitt, the original outer skin
poyfo}'ming;, ase 1h11ng .of the inter-
iq>•t til9 Q . ins 04 digestion.
white flour, 1 cup; sugar, 1-3 cup; sour,
milk, 14 cups; soda, r/-, teaspoon; bak-
ing powder, 415 teaspoon; salt, 1 tea-
spoon; molasses, 1 tablespoon. Mix
and sift the dry ingredients twice, and
gradually add the sour milk. Beat well,
and bake in a shallow greased pan, in
a moderate oven.
cup; flour, % cup; sour milk or but-
ter milk, 1 cup; molasses, 1/2 cup;
eggs, 1; baking powder, 1 level tea-
spoon in the flour; soda, 1/2 teaspoon
dissolved in the milk; salt, 1. teaspoon;
melted fat, 1 tablespoon. • Mix and
sift the dry ingredients. Add the
milk and egg well beaten. Last of all
add the melted fat, and bake in a shal-
low pan in a hot oven.
Buckwheat Gems.—Buckwheat flour,
1 cup; milk, 1 cup; sugar, 1/2 cup;
white flour, as cup; salt, 1/2 teaspoon;
eggs, 1; butter, 3 tablespoons; baking
powder, 2 teaspoons. Beat the sugar
into the egg and add the melted butter.
Add alternately the milk and buck-
wheat flour, then the white flour into
which the baking powder and salt have
been sifted. Bake in greased gem
pans.
Brown Bread.—Graham flour, 2
cups; white flour, 1 cup; molasses, 1
cup; sweet milk, 1% cup; soda, 31 tea-
spoon; salt, 11/2 teaspoon. Sift the
flour, salt and soda well. Add the
molasses and the milk. Pour into
well greased moulds and steam about
three hours,
THE BEST BOMB -THROWERS.
Cricketers and Baseball Players Are
Particularly Expert.
When it comes, to bomb-throwing—
a very different thing from bomb-
dropping—the Englishman beats the's.
German every time, says a London
weekly.
The man who has been well accus- 1
tomes to shy a cricket ball straight t
and true to the wicket -keeper from t
the out -field makes no difficulty about 0
throwing so as to drop it nicely on Its e
objective—there or thereabouts. In
fact, the discipline of the cricket -field li
Inas exercised a wonderful influence on
the adaptability of our men. They
have been accustomed to accept the
ruling of the umpire without demur,
and they do so in the Army.
But, as a bomb -thrower, the base-
ball player is likely to outshine his
British ally. The throwing in base-
ball is an eye-opener even to seasoned
cricketers,. not only for its extreme
sureness of direction, but for its
amazing swiftness of flight end won-
derful length.
.SSA :I i Teas for cone
Assail. teas are. the strongest ailcl richest
grown, It is of these teas that Red Rose Tea
chiefly consists, That is why gt yields, the
very large number of 250 caps to the pound—at the
cost of about a cent
for five cups, and
every cup rich, + ,
sttrong, delicious tea ItuF01i(Iq
Kept Good by
ditv
the Sealed 'A
Package ,14i -.1,.:A ��ss,
ek �?` ,tali j, ,�'-..a:,w.�. uww�r a°' , kt dUa
FOOD SITUATION IN ENGLAND. STABBING THE PUMPKIN.
Lord Rhondda Warns the Public Tha
High Prices Area Necessity.
In his latest open statement to th'
British public, Lord Rhondda, Foo
Controller for England, repeats an
enlarges upon the warning that th
consumer cannot expect a consider
able epproaeh towards the scale
prices that existed before the war.
"The consumer should understan
that he must, of necessity, pay hig
prices," lie declares, and says that h
as Food .Controller can do no mar
than "see that supplies are forthcom
ing as far as they are available an
that the prices are not excessive."
"My policy broadly stated," he say
in his statement, "is to fix the price
of those articles of prime necessit
over the supply of which I can obtain
effective control at all stages from th
producer down to the retailer. Such
prices will, as far as possible, be fixed
on the principle of allowing a reason
able pre-war profit to those engage(
in the production and distribution of
the particular commodity. Indeed,
the policy will in effect be one of de-
termining profits at every stage,
though it will take the form of fixing
prices. Every effort will be made to
prevent speculation, and unnecessary
middlemen will be eliminated. Exist-
ing agencies—I make a strong point
of this—will be utilized for purposes
of distribution under license and con-
trol, and under the supervision. of lo-
cal food controllers to be appointed
by the local authorities.
"I am anxious that producer, seller,
and consumer should realize that the
action which is being taken by the
Department is based on definite and
carefully thought out lines, and that
prices are not being interfered with
in a haphazard way or without pur-
pose. While I am primarily concern-
ed with the protection of the consum-
ers, I have to see that the legitimate
interests of food producers and other
traders are safeguarded, and above all
to avoid as far as practicable action
which may tend to curtail the neces-
sary supplies.
"It is, of course, impossible that in
this crisis supplies can he provided to
the same extent or with such regu-
larity as in times of peace, and the
consumer should also understand that
he must of necessity pay high prices.
My object is to see that supplies are
forthcoming as far as they are avail-
able, and that the prices are not ex-
cessive—I am glad to be able to say
that the general position of our essen-
tial food supplies is satisfactory, but
I cannot urge too strongly on every
one the absolute need for economy in
the use of all foodstuffs."
He Passed.
At a college examination a nervous-
ooking candidate had been instructed
o write out examples of the indica-
ive, subjunctive, potential and ex-
lamatory moods. His efforts result -
d as follows:
"I am endeavoring to' pass an Eng-
sh,examinatipn. If I answer twenty
questions, I shall pass. If I answer
twelve, I may pass. Goal help mel"
t .A Sort of Ball Game Played by South
African .Natives,
o A traveller tells of a primitive sort
d of,ball game that the natives play on
d the steep South African hills. A green
e pumpkin tapes the place of a ball; it•
- is rolled instead of being thrown. The
Of object of the sport is to stop the roll-
ing pumpkin by transfixing it with , a
h long, sharp stick or spear.
The men of the two teams line up
o alternately in a single row, and the
e captain of each side takes his turn in
d- rolling the pumpkin. As the game
goes on and the men shift in the line,
each captain tries to favor 'his own
s side by rolling the sphere in n wide
e circle so that it will move away from
Y the intervening opponent and toward
,his own men wherever they became
e grouped. There is no scoring, but a
1 system of promotion and abasement
instead. The man who misses his
throw goes down one place; the man
c who grazes the pumpkin without stop-
ping it holds his place; but the one
who succeeds in arresting its progress
advances two places in the line. The
game ends when the best players have
progressed to the top of the line, and
the rest no longer have a chance, be-
cause the pumpkin is stopped before
it reaches them.
Within the past decade a small iron
hoop has taken the place of the green
pumpkin. That, of course, is more
economical, for it can be used the year
round. It moves faster, requires
greater skill on the part of those who
stop it, and makes the pitcher more
important. By hurling it so that one
edge or the other will strike the
ground first, he can throw incurves
and outcurves with the ease of a pro-
fessional baseball 'player. A favorite
device when the opposing team are
approaching too near is for him to
send the hoop with all his force so
that it will just graze their toes and
then circle out to easy striking dis-
tance when it has passed the enemy.
Amaryllis make splendid window
plants. Set the bulbs about half their
depths in the earth in the pots and let
them start growth in the window gar-
den.
Seventy per cent. of the working
girls in Japan live in .dormitories.
A laugh fs just like sunshine,
It freshens all the day,
aillaMiltERKgra
Cleaning and Dyeing
The postman and the express-
man bring Parker Dyeing and
Cleaning Service right to your
door, We pay carriage one way.
Our exceptional facilities en-
sure promptness as well as ab-
solute thoroughness, — when
you think of clean-
ing or dyeing think
of PARKER'S,
Write for booklet.
Be sure to address your
parcel clearly to receiv-
ing dept.
PARKER'S DYE WORKS
LIMITED
791 YONGE STREET
It tips the peak of life with light, TORONTO 41
And drives the clouds away. a .;
EMEil
MMD
RA
Your Red Cross Guild and Soldiers' Comfort Funds,
can be substantially increased, Interesting and profit-
able employment foi' young and old, Good prioes paid
for mixed colored raga, sewn and made into balls, in
lots of fifty pounds or more. What have you to otter ? Write today,
NORRIS-PATTERSON, LTD., MAIL BUILDING, TORONTO
2 and 51b, Catkins—
Jit), 20, 50 and 100 Ib, Bags.
Redpath refining methods produce, no second
grade sugar. We make and sell one grade only—the
highest—so that you will never get anything but the
best under the name of Redpath. •
"Let Redpath Sweeten it." 9
Canada Sugar Refining Co., Limited, Montreal.
GENERA, JACK
FROST IN WAR
1145 TAKEN PAM IN MANY BIG
EUROPEAN WARS.
The Heaviest Frost Kno'tvn For Three
Generations Ilastened the Dawn -
fall of Napoleonic Schemes.
. There has never been a European
war 00 a big scale in which old Jack
Frost has not participated.
The year 1812 saw the conception of
Napoleon's scheme to invade Russia.
Before inaugurating his plans Ile was
careful to inquire of the experts at
what date winter usually began in
southern Russia. T1tey told him the
middle of December.
It wee on Junc 24 that he invaded
Russia with 600,000 men, and he
reached Moscow September 14. That
night fire broke out and within five
days the city was burned to the
ground. Even then he remained until
October before beginning to retreat,
In' the last weak 02 October began
the worst frost which Europa had
known for three generations. The
Thames froze from its source to the
sea, The Seine, the Rhine and the
Danube were all ice -bound. On the
Adriatic, off Venice, was seen the
amazing sight of floating ice. The
Hellespont and the Dardanelles were
frozen. Jack Frost's .icy fingers lay
heavy even upon North Africa, Drift
appeared in the Nile, and there were
snowstorms in Tripoli and Morocco.
Retreat From Moscow.
Napoleon's huge army was almost
wiped out. Four hundred thousand
men perished. They froze to death
in battalions as they bivouacked, and
when at last, on December 0, Napoleon
reached German soil, there remained
of his army but 130,000. men.
During the winter of 1853-1854 the
Turks were battling along the Danube
against hordes of Russians. In the fol-
lowing September 25,000 British
troops, a similar number of French,
and 8,000 Turks were landed in the
Crimea.
Again came a terrible winter and
from the west of Ireland right across
into Asia frost fell heavy upon land
and sea. In London it froze for six
weeks without a break. From Janu-
ary 14 to February 24 the thermo-
meter was below freezing every night.
In the Crimea the cold was fearful,
and the British army lost 20,056 men,
and of these only 12 per cent. fell in
battle. The rest were destroyed by
cold and disease.
In 1870 came the biggest war of the
latter half of the century, the titanic
conflict between France and Germany.
By October 20 there were 850,000 Ger-
man troops in Franco. Paris was be-
sieged and there began the four-
month investment with furious fight-
ing on both sides. Again Jack Frost
came to the aid of the Germans. A
long spell of intensb cold made life
almost impossible for the half-starved
French, while the Germans, who had
the whole country to draw on, besides
their own excellent commissariat, suf-
fered very little. By January the
city was in such a terrible condition
that it surrendered.
Winter Again Aided Russia,
The date of the big war between
Turkey and Russia was 1877, when the
Turks were attacked by an enormous-
ly superior force -of Russians, with the
Czar in command.. Osman Pasha,
with 40,000 mein, hurried inland to
Plevna, a village which stood upon a
hill, and there hastily entrenched him-
self. The Russians had 100,000 men,
but Osman and his dauntless band de-
feated them in four successive battles.
In November winter set in three
weeks earlier than usual. The Turks
had no winter clothing and little to
eat other than maize porridge and
horse -flesh. They suffered fearfully,
At last, en December 9,` they deter-
mined to break out, There were only
80,000 left, but their rush was so tre-
mendous that they carried three lines
of Russian trenches before they were
surrounded and forced to surrender
unconditionally. _.
SACRIFICE.
His foam -flecked steeds he reined,
And by a door did light,
But ere the steps he gained,
The furious things took fright.
He sprang, and held them fast,
And would their speed restrain,
But then a bugle blast
Made all his efforts vain.
They dashed along the•ground,
They bruised him with their feet,
And so when he was found
Far clown the crowded street,
He was by all deemed dead --
But oped each glazed eye,
When some bystander said:
"A race with Death(—and wiry?,
"0 why should one incur
Such risk for horse or wain?"
Then he was seen to stir
And sponte in spite of pain:
"The' wagon—search—1 pray!"
And then the ;lather's joy—
Upon fresh-seented hay
They found a sleeping boyl
They bore the father, dead,
They gazed with tear -dimmed oyes ---t
But nowhere was it said,
"What needless sacriitee!"
—Alexander Louis Fraser.
Lemons will keep fresh if stowed in
dry sand separately.