HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe Seaforth News, 1917-08-09, Page 2Conducted by Professor Henry G. Rely.
Theobject of thin department latoplace :at the
service of our farm readers the advice of an aoknowl•
edged authority on all subjects pertaining to soils and
crop's.
Addressall questions. to Professor' Henry 0,' Bell, in
care of The Wilson Publishing Company, Limited, To-
ronto, and answers will appear In this column In the
order in which they are received. As. space Is limited
It is advisable where Immediate reply le necessary that
a stamped and addressed envelope be enclosed with the
question, when the answer will be mailed direct.
Question-C.112,B.:-If I should plow
under, a patch of buckwheat to kill
quack grass, what damage, if any,
Would' it do to the ground if plowed
#when the buckwheat is in full bloom?
Answer: -To plow under buckwheat
in full bloom will do no damage to
your, soil; on the contrary, it will do
good by adding humus or organic mat-
ter; which will help the fertility of the
soil. Be very careful to work the
buckwheat thoroughly into the soil
by disking and harrowing; otherwise it
Will foram a coarse mat as you turn
the furrow over. Such a mat seri-
ously injures the rise of moisture in
the soil. I have known instances
where the turning under of a heavy
crop of buckwheat, rye or clover -
without care to working same into the
soil -has actually starved the follow-
ing crop by cutting oil its moisture
supply.
Question-A.J.S.: What can I sow
that will furnish cow pasture for the
late summer and fall? I have lost
my seeding this season and will be
short of pasture after the middle of
August. I have six acres of sandy
loam, in a fair state of cultivation that
grew a big crop of clover last year,
but was pastured off very close last
fall that I was thinking of sowing to
oats and rape. Will the oats keep
growing if they arepastured off or
clipped? Can you suggest anything
better? Would I stand any show of
getting a catch of clover if I seeded
in this pasture crop?
Answer: -I would advise sowing the
following mixture; -1 bushel each per
acre of wheat, oats and barley, and 10
lbs. of common red clover to the acre.
Would work in 200 to 300 lbs, per acre
of fertilizer carrying 2 to 3% ammonia
and 8 to 12% phosphoric acid. This
available plantfood will hasten the
growth of the grain. As a rule grain
does not continue to make growth if it
is allowed to come into head. This
mixture has given good results as
summer pasture.
Question -L. II.: -We have four
acres of light sandy soil which I would
like to get seeded, Being se sandy it
is hard to get a catch of clover.. It had
a little clover sod plowed under several
years ago, but since it has gotten run
down I tried to seed it to clover and
timothy but very little came, so I
plowed it again and sowed to rye and
mauured it in winter and spring, and
planted corn. It was so dry and Lot
last summer that the corn did not get
big, so I cut it early for fodder corn
and Worked up the ground and sowed
rye and intended to plow it under for
corn after manuring this spring, but
as the rye looks good I let it stand.
As soon as the rye is off I would like
to plow it with a three -farrow gang
plow ,as there are quite a few sand.
burrs'in this field, 'What kind of grass
could' I' sow on this ground? Would
sweetclover be good? I could manure
it next winter and plow under for oats
and seed it then.
Answer: -As soon as you have cut
off the rye crop of this year, have the
land plowed as you indicate and work-
ed down to a smooth seed -bed, I
would advise applying four or five
loads of manure to the acre after plow-
ing and before disking, and also ad-
vise putting on 500 to 1,000 lbs. per
acre of ground limestone, in order to
sweeten -the soil. When you are ready
to seed the grass mixture, you would
do well to use from 200 to .300 lbs:'per,
acre of fertilizer carrying 2 to 3.%
ammonia olid 10 to 12% of phosphoric
acid, ,applying it through the fertilizer
attachment of the wheat drill, or
scattering it evenly over the ground
before the last disking and harrow-
ing. This available plantfood will
give the young plants a vigorous start
and will almost insure a good catch if
you have sufficient moisture. I am
inclined to advise the growth of sweet
clover on your soil. This crop will
flourish where most everything else
kills out. If not kept in control, it
may possibly reach the stage of a
troublesome weed, but it can be kept in.
check if cut for hay while the young
stalks are tender. From 8 to 10 lbs.
of seed per acre are sufficient.
WINTER WHEAT IN WAR SERVICE
The Ontario Farmer Can Render Efficient Aid in the Present
Serious Food Shortage by Increasing His Winter
Wheat Area This Autumn.
By Henry G. Bell, Agronomist.
Food, men and munitions! These But Ontario has learned how to
are the sinews of war. Canada's gal- master these destructive agencies. No i
lant men at the front in co-operation province has produced seed of higher s
with the soldiers of her noble allies, quality. The Ontario Agricultural
are giving of their best. Their and Experimental Union founded and
strength must be maintained. The directed by Prof. C. A. Zavitz, Ontario ii
whole American continent is a unit in Agricultural College, has set a stand -
a determined effort to this end. Pre- ard, of quality in cereals that has be- tisent food requirements closely parallel come the ambition of farmers' Crop '
Kitchener's immortal dictum concern- Associations throughout this conti-
ing the great war. "It will take men nent.
and more men,' he sale'. The days Ontario farmers know that good soil
of war, and the after 'days will take tillage is absolutely necessary for good
"food and more food," and food that is wheat production. Good soil tillage s
most easily transported. includes good soil drainage, rotation of S
The days for seeding winter wheat crops, liming when necessary and pro -
are approaching. Every Canadian per working of the soil. To these r
farmer is vitally interested in study- essentals must be added proper fertil- y
ing conditions to determine whether or ization and the use of good seed. 1
not he can aid still further in the pro, "I don't think this and that pays." r
duction of this great food crop. "Win- Did you ever hear a grower say it? e
tors are colder than they used to be." Well, here is the evidence; let the jury
"Ontario weather is changing." Have of keen, business -like, patriotic Can- c
you ever heard these reasons given for adian farmers decide the case. pl
winter wheat production decreasing in The Canadian farmer is a business fo
certain counties? The fact remains man. He is interested in keeping up se
that Ontario's average climate has not his manufacturing plant, and at tha th
changed. Records show about the same time making it pay. Especially fo
same general variations in tempera- under present conditions is he inter- ca
ture and rainfall throughout the years. ested in all practices that increase re- th
The real cause of the decrease in turns. He kpows there is a great th
wheat acreage has been the rather un- market for wheat. Can he profitably in
satisfactory market conditions that ob- increase his total wheat production? g
tained in years previous to the war. He believes he can. He has a gen- st markets combined with unsatis- eral knowledge of practices that are sp
factory yields made wheat growing recommended as being good, but he
unprofitable. Now, the poor yields must work out his own problem; he
were in many cases caused by insect must find a satisfactory answer on
ravages, the use of inferior seed and his own fields to his own gemstone. He
poor soil fertility, has learned to put faith'in the as -
a
sentbled information resulting from
careful experiments carried on by the
great international system of Experi-
ment Stations.
Canbdion experrnjent stations have
gh'dn their work largely to a close
acme:tine study of eystems of tillAg
and a determination of suitable vex
eties of wheat, Some work as
proper plantfood balancing is in pr
geese. The Canadian farmer, how
ever, will be interested iii the relativ
ly long-time fertility experimen
which have been conducted' by son
of the older State experiment station
in the land of our neighbors to th
South.
Here is a question the Canadi
farmer is asking, and some of the re
presentative answers.
Does it pay to fertilize wheat?
Ohio Experiment Station, with 2
years' experience, says: "In the fertil
izer teats of this Station at Woostor,
Strongsville, Germantown and C
12% phosphoric acid, which plumps
the kernel and causes the crop to Ma
ture early, and at present 1 ar 2% of
potash ,wleich ,assists the disease-r•e-
sisterlt power to he plant. rale fent,
ilizer is applield hh ondcast to tiro ,pldw-
• ed land, anti' worked in by disking
i•. and harrowing,' or 10 drilled into the
wheat seed -bed at the time the crop is
sown.
Late seedints of wheat, in order to
to
o -
e• escape tho ravages of the Hessian Fly,
tp are strengthened successfully by pro-
s Per fertilizations The 'U.S. Depart-
s ment of .Agriculture, in Bulletin 640,
e says: -"The application broadcast . of
some quick -acting fertilizer containing
aei a large percentage el phosphate, Made
as soon as general infestation is ap-
parent will cause the plants to tiller
more freely and give them sufficient
0 vigor to withstand the winter, and
thus increase the number of healthy
stems the following spring. , " .
While it may seem far fetched to
bring forward as a preventive measure
e the enrichments of the soil, a fertile
S011 will Produce plants that will with.
stand with little injury attacks that
pester, the use ofphosphorus Mon
has increased the Yield of wheat fro
4.85 to 8 bushels per acre;; phosphoru
and potassium have increased the yield
from 6,20 to 9.19 bushels per acre
and phosphorus, potassium and 'intro -
gen, from 8.77 to 16.20 bushels per
acre."
The quality of wheat of the 1910
crop grown on fertilized and unfertil-
ized plots was studied. The wheat
from the fertilized plot analyzed 94%
plump and 6% shrivelled; that from
the unfertilized analyzed only 51%a
plump and 49% shrivelled. (Data
from Ohio Experiment Station Bulle-
tin No. 243.)
Indiana Experiment Station has con-
ducted valuable tests under the direc-
tion of a former Canadian, a graduate
of Ontario Agricultural College,
namely, Prof. A. T. Wianeko. Its
valuable contribution to the question
before us is as follows: "Experi-
ments in 10 representative counties
of the state have shown -an average
gain due to fertilization of wheat of
11.6 bushels per acre. The average
cost per acre of fertilization was $14.14
leaving a net profit per acre of $7.46."
Circular No. 23,
"On limed land, mixed fertilizer has
been used at good profits in all cases.
At North Vernon and Worthington,
where mixed fertilize!' is applied to
wheat on manured land, goad wheat
increases have been secured from the
use of 200 pounds per acre of 2-8-4
fertilizer following corn, which had
received six tons of manure and 200
pounds of acid phosphate per acre."
Bulletin No. 198.
Missouri Agricultural Experiment
Station adds: "On average Missouri
land the fertilization of wheat is
practically always remunerative.
While there are seasons in which re-
sults of an increase of two or three
bushels only are secured, in average
seasons increases of from four to six
bushels eon be counted upon. On the
thinner lands much larger returns can
be expected, M. F. Miller of the
University of Missou:•i College of Agri-
culture cites the results of wheat fer-
tilizing experiments conducted in dif-
ferent parts of the state: On the
Northeast Missouri level prairie re-
sults of several years' experiments
have shown an increase averaging
11.5 bushels an acre from the ease
of lime, phosphorus and potash. On
the North Missouri rolling prairie the
ncrease during approximately the
ame period has been 6.2 bushels. On
the South Missouri experiment fields
the results have been similar, although
r some cases materielly. higher than
these. At the St. James experiment
eld a six-year average has shown an
increase in the wheat crop of 13.1
bushels. It is safe to say, therefore,
that one ought to expect a minimum
of around 4 bushels and a maximum
of not less than 10 bushels as very con-
ervative estimates." Agric. Cop.
erviee, June 19, 1917.
West Virginia Experiment Station
eports an average gain per acre
ield of wheat of 10.16 bushels in
901 and 21.66 bushels in 19114 as a
esult of applying a complete fertilize
r. Bulletin No. 155.
Wheat thrives where the tiny'plants
an get an abundance of suitable
antfood, and where this supply of
od holds out throughout the growing
ason. Livestock stock manure is
e great home source of plant
od. Every bit of manure that
n be spared can well be applied to
e wheat lands, either, in. preparing
° seed -bed or as a winter top -dress -
g to the young crop. To•insure a
ood stand of wheat and 'to give it
trength for the winter and•early
ring, farmers of Canada will find it
y-
1
profitable to supplement the manure
with 200 to 800 lbs. per acre of fertili-
zers. This plantfood supplies 1 to.
• of nitrogen; which gives the tiny
wheat plant a vigorous start; 10 to
6/16 2ED ma, SS
will prove disastrous to plants grow-
ing on an inrproverished or' thin soil.
This is because a.fertile soil will en-
able an infected plant to tiller freely,
and these tillers will have sufficient
vitality to' withstand the winter and
send up head -producing stems in the
spring,"
With the problems of proper seed,
insect control, and soil fertility so far
advanced toward solution and with
war time prices ruling, it is good
busindss for Canadian farmers to give
careful thought to increasing winter
wheat areas this fall.
Saving Froin Sunstroke.
Ordinarily, five minutes of work will
not kill a horse, but if the five minutes
are in the afternoon of a hot day in
Summer when the horse has been
working hard beneath the burning sun,
that small amount of time may be
fatal. For that reason it is advisable
to watch the horses to see that they
are not overheated.
Here are some danger signals every
teamster should heed: An overheat-
ed horse will lag in his gait, walls un-
steadily and spread his legs when
standing. His head is held low, the
eyes protrude farther than usual and
the pupils of the eyes are small.
Breathing is loud and rapid. Tho
skin is hot, the pulse quick and weak
and the heart beats violently and ir-
regularly. In severe cases the horse
will stop suddenly, spread the legs
apart in an attempt to steady himself,
and fall to the ground.
When the horse begins to stagger, it
is too late for prevention. If a sponge
saturated with cold water had been
kept between the horse's ears while
'working, the trouble might have been
avoided. The only safe plan to- fol-
low after the horse is overheated, is
to unharness him and get him to a
shady place at once.
Cold water, thrown forcibly on the
animal, is an effective remedy. The
skin should be rubbed vigorously with
nough cloths. A bag of cracked ice
may be placed between the ears. If
conscious enough to drink, cold water
should be offered in small amounts. A
stimulant may be given., After the
animal is recovered, he should be turn-
ed in a shady pasture where there is
plenty of clean cool water.
Grow Your Own Clover Seed.
It has long since been established
that home-grown seed gives best re-
sults. Put all these facts together
and what is the very obvious conclu-
sion? Much is said today about'the
high cost of living in cities, but what
about the high cost of farming which
means costly production? It should
and can be reduced. If the farmer
will grow his own clover seed instead
of buying it at a high price, he will
be more likely to sow an adequate
amount of seed per acre to insure a
gcfod stand. Plenty of clover on
farms means abundance of good feed'
for stock and maintained fertility of
the soil.
A thin looking second crap of red
clover will often yield a good return of
seed. It can be cut with the ordinary
mower with a flat table attached to
the cutter bar; a man follows and
rakes it off into windrows. By mak-
ing a few simple adjustments, it can
be threshed with the ordinary grain
thresher if a clover huller is not avail-
able. Save a piece for Seed each year.
Sow plenty of seed per 'acre. Harvest
better and bigger crops.
}��''w+m, a 4 '(* fL/f�/.ae iF. R!•6e 1 'm ..�13`,,
Mothorw .and daughters 6N" _ I ogee are oordlally a'nvlted to 'Write to this
department, Initials only will be published with each question and iia
ansWer ea a means of identification, but full name and address meet'be
Riven in each letter. Write on one side of paper only, Answers wUl be
Mailed direct if stamped and addressed envelope is enclosed, 235
Address oodbineAva, 8011 foracorrospms.denee for thla department to Mrs. Helen Law
on,
Miss Canada: -1. Three patriotic thrown at wadding is much safer
might -be suitable are: -"Britannia's tees of
tableaux for girl performers which 6. Atrieit present . bi•iclo shouldher. write personal let
thanto all thoee who have
Daughters," at 15 costa,.. "Women's to
Work in War,"at 15 cents, and "The Bluebell: -1. You might try benzine
NoisnaF" at coats, to remove ice cream stains from silk
As theing costofCais soda'sinal]slag
, why 25 not bray taffeta, Or another method is to lay
all three . selections, and ascertain the spot upon a folded damp cloth,
which would best suit your perform - Put another over it and press with a
moderate weight for an hour, Then
-wipe off both sides with borax water,
,weals and cold, followed by elear wa-
ter, ' Shift the spot to a clean place
no"w and then, When clean pin it
smooth between thick cloths and press
dry with a moderate iron. 2. Tan
boots when stained with' mud and dirt
can be cleaned by rubbing with a slice
03 law potato, allowing them to dry,
then polishing with beeswax and tur-
pentine. 8, As a remedy for per-
spiration prepare the following pow-
der to be applied to the hands and feet
or sprinkled inside the gloves or stock-
ings; Twenty ounces prepared Vene-
tian talcum, ten ounces powdered orris
root, five ounces oxide. of zinc, five
ounces powdered tartaric acid, five
ouncea powdered boric acid, two and
one-half ounces salicyclic acid, one-
quarter ounce menthol, one-quartor
Bunce oil of eucalytua. 4. Placing a
small piece of orris root in the last
rinse water will give delicate blouses
and handkerchiefs a suggestion of
sachet.
Mother: -1. A doctor gives this ad-
vice: Teach the children to take na-
tural sweets like raisins, prunes and
Other fruits, and especially teach them
to ehew thoroughly. Honey is a
wholesome sweet and may be given to
children occasionally with whole wheat
bread. If the child has a well bal-
anced diet he will not have an abnor-I
mal desire for sweets. 2. Lettuce is
rich in iron. It is a blood -shaking
food. There is more iron in a pound
of lettuce twice over than in a pound
of beefsteak and the iron of the let -I
tuce is all available for use .whereas I
the iron of the beefsteak is less avail-'
able for use; besides lettuce contains
lime, which is lacking in beefsteak,
and is rich in vitamines, a highly es -1
sential food element. 3. White, pro-
celain lined or agate dishes slrytd;
be used in preserving fruits. The
acids in the fruits will affect iron and
tin.
Stomach Rest.
The gastric juice not only digests
the food, but disinfects it, and after
the food leaves the stomach the gastric
acid disinfects the stomach itself, This.
is highly important as a. preparation
for the next meal. Hence, it is notes-
' eery that the stomach should become
empty and should have a short period
sof rest after each meal before food is
!again taken into the stomach. This
will prepare the stomach not only by
insuring perfect feeodom from infect,
Mg bacteria, but by giving the glands
of the stomach and the nerve centers
which control its action an opportun-
ity;to replenish their store of energy
'for use in the digestion of another
meal,
Tho stomach should have a chance to
rest for one hour after each meal be-
fore the taking of the next, If food
is received into the stomach before it
has disposed of the previous meal
there is no chance for either rest or
disinfection. The stomach is unpre-
' pared to do its work well and indigos-
' tion
ndigos-'tion is the result.
A healthy stomach empties itself of
an ordinary meal in four hours, so the
usual meal hours, 6 to 6.30 a.m., 12
and 6 to 6,30 p,m., afford time for rest
and disinfection as well as digestion.
But when the stomach becomes' dis-
ordered so that it does not -empty it -
'self promptly, the meals over -lap, the
stomach is cleared only once during
'the day, during the night; the gastrio
glands become worn out with over-
work, the mucous membrane of the
stomach becomes infected and diseased
and serious gastric disorders result.
This condition is exceedingly._ common
among chronic invalids. There are
very few persons suffering from
chronic disease of the heart, blood ves-
sels, kidneys, liver or nerves, who do
not at the same time suffer from some
disorder of the stomach or intestines.
Constipation is almost universal in
these eases, and the sluggish action of
the colon is shared by the small intes-
tine and the stomach. • The result of
this delay, or "stasis,' as the doctors
call it, is to encourage the development
of bacteria and autointoxication.
Water -drinking affords a natural
and efficient means of relief in these
cases. If not a panacea, it is at least
a most valuable accessory means. Two
or three glasses of water should be
taken four hours after each ,seal, at
the time when the stomach should
be emptied of the last remnants of the
last meal. The temperature of the
water may be hot or warns or room
temperature. Ice -water should be
avoided. The effect will be not only
to wash the stomach out by mechani-
cal cleansing of the mucous surface,
but to insure thorough disinfection by
causing the gastric glands to pour out
an abundance of hydrochloric acid.
Since there is little or no food in the
stomach, the gastric acid remains free
and is, hence, highly active as a disin-
fecting agent.
The quantity of water taken should
be abont a pint, and the best time for
taking is about an hour before eating,
Copious water drinking, as directed,
of only rinses and disinfects the
totnach, but supplies to the blood the
water necessary for cleansing the tis-
ues and aids the kidneys and other
eliminative organs in removing from
the body the damaging poisons which
re continually pouring into the blood
from the colon.
ers and your audience? 2. "At Home
in the Water,"' by Geo. H. Cowan,price 25 cents, is an illustrated text-
book on the art of swimming and
life-saving, 3, St. Quentin is pro-
nounced San -kap -tan: ' 4. Leniberg"ls
•the capital of the Austrian province of
Galicia; tllrollgh which the Russians
aro now driving;
m
,Mad Y.;-1. No reply to a wed-
ding a»nbuncement is necessary. 2.
One's visiting card with a word of
sympathy* Can be sent to a person who
has suffered a bereavement when the
degree :;of,acquaintanceship does not
call ter a note. 3. To remove tan
from the neck apply the following
paste: One ounce honey, • one tea-
spoonful lemon juice, six drops oil of
bitter almonds, the whites of two eggs
and life oatfneal sufficient to make a
smooth pasta. 4. A married woman
when calling upon another- married,
woman leaves one of herown cards for
the hostess and two of her husband's
Cards ' for the hostess and the husband
of the hostess.
Bride -To -Be: -1. An engagement
ring need not necessarily contain a
diamond; many other stones are used,
frecjuently birthstones: 2. The wife
of the clergyman who officiates at a
wedding should be invited' to the wed-
ding.., 3. One wedding invitation will
suffice for a man, his wife and'daugh-
ters. 'It is not good form to address
a wedding invitation "Mr. and Mrs.
John Smith and family." In send-
ing wedding invitations to a family
consisting of father, mother, one
daughter and two sons, one invitation
may he sent to Mr. and Mrs. John
Smith, with the name of Miss Smith
written underneath that of her par-
ents, while another .invitationeshould
be addressed to the Messrs. Smith.
4. ' Wedding announcements are never
posted' before the ceremony, but as
soon 'as possible afterward. 5. Con-
fetti es a substitute for rice to be
oad
In August, `all 'surplus, Leghorn
cockerels and cockerels of other light
weight breeds should .be marketed as
broilers: They are of little value as
roasters.' ' •
Green ducks are young duets Trona
8 to 12 weeks old. They should be sold
before they moult.
At the present time when growing
chicles are attaining an age of from
one month to ten weeks, a disease
(known as coccidiosis) affecting the
live and bowels, is causing consider-
able losses. This disorder according
to Dr. Wickware of the Experimental
Farm 'is quite prevalent throughout
Canada and is probably responsible for
many deaths at present attributed to
white diarrhoea.• The disease is'caus-
ed by a small egg-shaped germ which
inhabits the first portion and blind
pouches of the bowels. It produces
inflammation of the bowels and liver,
the blind pouches showing the most
marked, alteration. The changes in
the latter may vary from a filling nilwith a reddish granular looking mass
of soft' consistency to hard cores com-
posed of lining cells, blood, etc. The
liver may ehow changes varying from
a fairly normal appearance to large
area's of_' yellow color which when cut
into show a cheese -like centre,
SYMPTOMS: -The chicks appear
dull and isolate themselves from the
remainder usually remaining in the
hover or under the hen. The feath-
ers become raffled; wings droop;. ap-
petite is lost and occasionally the
chicks will give utterance to a shrill
cry, particularly when trying to pass
material from the bowels.. A white
discharge is usually present although
it may be rather reddish in color and
the vent may become pasted with the
material discharge. These are the
prominent symptoms in typical cases
but chicks may also be badly affected
and exhibit no outward appearance of
disease until death suddenly takes '
place.
TREATMENT: -Treatment consists
in dissolving fifteen grains of powder-
ed catechu in a gallon of drinking wa-
ter. This she:ld be kept constantly
in front of the chicks and should be
changed every two days.
PREVENTION: -Prevention con,
sists in the isolation of all ailing chicks
from the remainder of the flock and
the thorough disinfection of all the
quarters and runs, which may be ac- s
complished by the application of a
limewash solution made by adding two
and one-half pounds• of stone lime to
u pail of water, to which is also added a
one-half a teacupful of a good com-
itiercial'disinfectant. This should be
applied full strength with 'a spray
pump, brush or old broom, to all parts
of the quarters, brooder housee, etc.
The feeding troughs should be cleansed
daily by scalding with boiling water
and special care taken to prevent the is
chicks from getting their feet either in e
the feeding utensils or drinking foun- fi
.tains as the disease is transmitted A
from bird to bird in this way. The B
floor of the brooder houses should be fl
coveted with a coating composed of w
nine parts of sand and one part ,f t
air -slacked lime, and if the droppings ti
are not removed daily, they should at
least be mixed with a fair amount of t
air -slaked lime to insure• proper dis re
infection. If the runs are not too b
large, it is also advisable to cover thorn di
with a thin coating of the above men- e
tioned lime and either spade or plough 11
them up. The chicks should be kept
away from all adult fowls and camas- of
ses of dead birds immediately burned
as burying only serves to keep the in-
fection pe
going from year to , ear.
THE TWO NEW ORDERS.
Comment of English Paper Upon The
New Decorations.
The two new Orders whoa° creation
announced are of interest if only
or their reflection of the times, The
rat, open to all the Enipire and to our
thee, and called the Order of the
ritish Empire, establishes for the
rst time an order of knighthood for
omen, and for this purpose revives
se venerable and 'peculiarly British
tle of Dame.
Among all our personal distinctions
here is none that could better be
scued from the archaism that has
efallen it, says the Manchester Guar -
an, From Chaucer's day it has been
sed to describe the worthiest of Eng-
shwomen, irrespective of their rank.
The tendency to restrict it to women
noble birth, and later to make it the
culler title of the wives of knights
id baronets, was sturdily counter -
ted by the habit, preserved by the
et"edeeeeeee'ee'Peeeeeeee people and by the greatest writers
throughout the Middle Ages, of using
it as a title of respect for all woman
who deserved it.
The second new Order, which also
may be conferred on both sexes, is not
loss significant. The "Cornpaniom
ship of the Order of Honor" will carry
no title and no precedence. In this it
partakes of the nature of the Order of
Merit, which is the most dbveted of
' all distinctions by those who value 'the
credit an honor brings rather than its
social value„ a. `e
If its expressed purpose is faithfully
observed, it should serve as n recogni-
tion of service which none, whatever
their dislike of titular, distinctions,
, need abiure. The value of these new
honors depends on the wisdoin and dis-
cret
ran with Which they are conferred,
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Storage for potatoes and aeplcs and
other vegetables to be kept ova:: winter
should now be put in shape. This is a
matter that should not be delayed un-
' till harvest time,