The Seaforth News, 1917-06-07, Page 7a ,
arm, .( ropy ' #aeries:
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Conducted by Professor Henry (4.134.
The object of this department Is, to place at the
servlae of our farm readers the advice of an acknow4
edged authority on all aubJects pertaining to soils and
crops.
Address all questions to Professor henry G. Ball, -In
care of The Wilson Publishing Company, Lhnitod, Ta
ronto, and answers will appear In thle column In the
order In which they ere received, As apace is limited
It Is advisable where Immediate reply Is neoeesary that
a stamped and addressed envelope be enclosed with the
Henry G. Bela quotation, when the answer will be mailed direct.
Question—F. G.; We have a fifteen
aereacre field of clover sod maimed
this winter and spring. The soil is
a good sandy loam. My two sons
Want to raise a bumper crop. NOW
would you advise to drill the fertilizer
In with grain drill or corn planter?
We intend to check it. Also how
much fertilizer should we use to the
acre? The land is in good shape.
Answer—In order to get a max-
imum yield of corn on your sandy
loam soil, I would advise you to put
on 400 pounds of fertilizer per acre.
1 would broadcast 300 pounds of this
by drilling it in with a grain drill be-
fore the land is planted to corn. Sow
the other 100 pounds per acre through
the fertilizer attachment of the corn
planter, I would advise an analysis
of fertilizer running from 2 to 3%
ammonia and 8 to 10% phosphoric
acidelrlso 1% potash will help, if it is
obtainable.
Question—C. O.:—I have a piece
of rather light land that was in corn
last year, part of it had manure ap-
plied. If the balance of the field is
manned then disked and harrowed
thoroughly, would it be all right to
sow clover on, providing it is well
limed? How much hydrated lime is
needed per acre? Would it be advis-
able to sow buckwheat and clover?
When ought the seeding to be done?
Answer—I•f the land is well man- beans should he well set and fairly
ured and limed, then disked and har- well ripened by the time the corn is to
rowed thoroughly, it will make a good be cut for silage,
seed -bed for clover. If adding hydrat- Regarding the short pasturage, I
ed lime, I would use from 1,000 to am wondering if you are familiar with
the work on pastures done by Prof.
Zavitz of Ontario Agricultural Col-
lege. He has obtained good results
from the following mixture:
•
beans in ensilage corn? Does this
make the silage a better feed, and
would you plant them the same time
as the corn? I thought perhaps if the
beans were planted later it would
make more moisture in the silage.
Please let me know what time to
plant for best results. Also my
pasture rues short In latter part of
July or August. I have two and
one•half acres that I would like to use
for this purpose. Would cowpoas
and oats be a good feed if cut green,
and what time is best to sow them?
Answer—In many sections good, res
sults are forthcoming from seeding
soy beans with corn" Theoretically,
the mixture should greatly benefit -the
balancing of the ration, since soy
beans are rich in protein and fat and
corn is rich in carbo -hydrates. Many
farmers get excellent results by hog-
ging down the corn and allowing the
pigs to harvest the soy beans. This
balances their ration, as indicated.
The beans may be planted at the
same time as the corn, if you cultivate
the corn only one way, but the com-
mon practice in the middle western
states is to drill the seed in at the
last cultivation, or to scatter it be-
tween the rows and work it in at the
time of the last cultivation. About
1% bushels of seed per acre is re-
quired. I2 planted as described the
1,500 pounds per acre. I do not be-
lieve that buckwheat would be a good
nurse crop for the clover. The buck-
wheat tends to grow very thick. It is
used to smother out such weeds as
quack grass. I would rather prefer
oats, spring wheat or barley. Per-
haps barley is the best nurse crop,
since it ripens early, is shallow rooted
and is removed more quickly from the
ground, so that the clover has a bet-
ter chance to grow. The small grain
and clover should be sowp as soon as
the ground can be prepared in the
spring. In order to help both the
small grain and the clover catch, since
your seeding must necessarily be late,
3 would advise applying • from 200 to
250 pounds of fertilizer carrying 2 to
3% ammonia. and 8 to 10% phosphoric
acid. This will act like whole milk
to the young calf. It will give the
infant grain and clover plants easily
digestible plantfood and will greatly
assist both crops.
Question—W. M.:—What is your
advise in regards to planting
Oats 51 lbs.
Early Amber Sugarcane30 Tbs,
Common Red Clover 7 Ib s.
Total 88 lbs"
He advises sowing this early in
May. The oats and the Early Amber
sugar cane can be drilled through the
grain drill and the clover seed can be
saw*.." through the clover seed attach-
ment of the drill. At Guelph they
found this mixture ready for cattle
pasture late in June. It carried more
than one steer to the acre. In 1911
it was successfully ,used for milk
cows.
If you wish to grow a crop to cut
green, I would advise you to mix peas
and oats,—a bushel of each. This
makes a good rich green hay and gives
satisfactory results. Sow this just
soy as soon as you can prepare the ground.
r 3:
The shade problem is one that must
be solved in the near future. The
days will soon be here when the mid -
lay sun can;do a lot of damage to
stock exposed to it. Even in June
there are days when a little shade is
needed. This is probably more the
case with chicks than it is with grown
fowls; but, nevertheless, they all need
it. Trees furnish the most cooling
shade. Where trees are not. available
Canopies should be erected, ntacic by
driving stakes in the ground and cov-
ering the top with burlap.
The chicks need plenty of nourish-
ing food, but care must be taken that
they aro not overfed. If overfed they
will lose their appetites and becomes
stunted.
The hens out on range must be look-
ed after. They are apt to hide their
nests in some out-of-the-way place,
and in consequence many eggs are lost
or never found until they have lost
their value. Beware of the hidden
nest, and above all things never mar-
ket an egg that has been found out-
doors; let the cook in your own kitchen
test its quality.
A more profitable side -line than tur-
keys for the farmer can hardly be
found for those situated`on grain or
stock farms. Improper feeding, coni-
bined with close confinement, has been
the cause of many failures in turkey
raisins. Given free range on the
average farm the poults can general-
ly pick up their own living. Ono light
feed per day for the purpose of in-
ducing them to come in at night is
sufficient.
Solicitude.
"Charley, dear;" said young Mrs.
Torkins, "I want you to promise that
if you decide to enlist you will tell me
all about it without delay."
Young Women Wanted "What for?„
"I want to speak to the general, so
Good opportunity offered young that he won't let you forget your over -
women dossing permanent work in shoes and oat things that disagree
Toronto to learn tvarfirnes work in the with ,you, You know, Charley, you
largest established restaurant in Cana- aro •
so careless!"
Igoe Good wages paid, best working Economy is the word now. Even the
Conditions and fair treatment. Write, weather having a little bit of winter
telephone or call, Childs Co„ 158 left over, turned in and used it after
Yonge St., Toronto, thefi vet of May.
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A HO d:i'"IYIlADE RFFRIG ,RATOR
Simple Device Whieih Maices it Good Substitute for an ice -box, and
is iSasily Made by the Home Carpenter..
An toeless Refrigerator.
Country homes without ico•housee may have an icolese refrigerator as a
good substitute,
This convenience comprises a simple wooden frame with a covering of
canton flannel made to ilt so that little air is admitted into it.
Wicks made of the same material as the cover are tacked on top of
each side of the cover and extend over into the pan of water eating on top of
the frame. This water is taken up by the wicks and carried down the sides
df the cover by capillary attraction, when evaporation takes place, drawing
the heat from the inside and lowering the temperature, The more rapid
the evaporation, the lower the temperature. The refrigerator should there.
fore be kept in a shady place where there is a free circulation of air. Keep
the wicks In a supply of fresh water in the top pan. The whole refrigerator
should stand in a larger pan which catches the drippings from the cover.
The frame may be made of pine, painted white. About 5% yards of
white canton flannel will be needed. Put the smooth side out, care being
taken that the cover comes to the lower edge of the frame. The wicks are
made half the length of the sides and sewed on the top edge at each side.
They must extend three inches into the water, The three shelves are made
of zinc. Cover the whole frame with wire screening to protect from flies.
A SILO ON EVERY FARM
Pays For Itself in Two 'Winters With Twenty -Cow Dairy—How
to Get It—Where to Put It.
If there is anything a farmer is
justified in going into debt for it is a
silo. No implement will pay for it-
self so quickly as the silo. The ques-
tion, Will it pay? is no longer debat-
able. With a dairy of twenty cows
it will pay for itself in two winters'
feeding. The only questions nowa-
days are, How can I get one? What
kind shall I get? Where shall I put
it, and how shall I pay for it?
Wideawake fruit farmers have
found that dairying filled a unique and
profitable place in their farming sys-
tem. And modern dairying is not
profitably possible without a silo.
An rcre of corn made into good
silage has about forty per cent. great-
er feeding value than when fed as
crib corn and dry fodder.
Cows need succulent feed during
the winter months and silage furnishes
it in convenient, economical form.
Steers and lambs make faster and
cheaper gains when silage is part of
the ration.
There is a further urgent reason
for erecting a silo this season—the
prices of all feeds are unusually high
and the saving with silage is con-
sequently greater than ever before.
The first silos built were of the
pit type, dug in the ground. It was
soon found that the ensilage in these
pit silos rapidly became moldy and
unsuitable for feed. The silos first
constructed above ground were of
wood, being square in shape or eight
sided; but they were not a success on
account of the air pockets in the corn-
ers, which caused the silage to spoil.
It was not until the round stave silos,
with hoops that could be tightened or
loosened as the silo swelled or shrunk,
were put on the market, that silos be-
came a practical success"
The expense of word silos depends
on the sort of wood used.
A silo ten feet in diameter is the
best size for from twelve to fourteen
head o£ cattle, as enough silage is
taken out each day to keep it fresh.
This is a very important point. A
silo twenty feet in diameter would re-
quire a herd of from thirty-five to
forty head of cattle: to eat enough off
each day to keep the silage fresh. A
silo ten feet in diameter and thirty
feet high is the best size for the
small -sized herd. Thio will hold
forty-six tons of ensilage, enough for
inforced, and the doors must be air-
tight.
There are five kinds of silos on the
market, those made of wood, solid ce-
ment, cement blocks, hollow tile and
iron.
The wood silo was the first com-
mercially introduced and has been
greatly improved. In selecting
a wood silo, the writer would go to the
expense of having the staves made in
one piece. This costs a little more.
Cement silos, and silos made of hol-
low cement blocks have been used, but
do not seem to be growing in favor.
Every silo, however, no matter of what
material it is constructed, should have
a sdlid foundation of masonry or ce-
ment, preferably cement.
A Modern Silo.
Seven
or eight years ago
gen to be made of hollow tile,
steadily gaining in popularity.
manufacturers claim they will last for
generations, are wind and moisture
proof and fireproof.
Metal silos are being built and ex-
tensively exploited in the United
States, being put up in sections all
bolted together, the joints Laing filled
up with suitable paste. The manu-
facturers claim the work of erecting
these silos is so simple that a farmer
with ordinary judgment can put them
up, using the help on the farm. When
silos
and are
The
be -
eleven cows, each getting forty pounds I the silo is complete and erected, it
a day, for 200 days, and allowing some resistst'.o action of heat and cold, the
fcr loss. walls being absolu',e1•r air -tight, and
The absolutely eseential features the silage will keep well; but there
about a good silo are: The walls must no doubt that the silo of this type
be air and moisture proof, the inner should be kept painted, particularly
sirface must be smooth and porpendi- inside, where it night be eaten with
cular, the walls must be strongly re- rust.
LI ill
Afie,.'2i.
Mothers and daughters of all ages are cordlall Invited to write to till!
department, Initials .only will be publlehed with eaph question and Its
*newer as a means of identification, but full . name and address meet bo
given to each letter, Write on one side of paper only, Answer* vim bo
mailed direct If stamped and addressed envelope Is enclosed,
Address all correspondence for thls department to Mre, Helen Law, 235
Woodbine Ave„ Toronto.
J. L. 0.;---.1. It takes a submarine
from three to eight minutes to sub-
merge, The record for submerged
speed, so far as known, is 12 knots.
Generally ten miles an hour is the
best underwater speed. 2. A forestry
regiment is composed of lumbermen
who cut timber and prepare for
engineers for the building of bridges,
railroads, trench supports, etc. 3.
The River Isonzo, a short Austrian
strewn, just across the Austro
Italian border, runs north and south
along the battle -front in this sector.
It empties into the Gulf of Trieste and
the Adriatic Sea.
"Housekeeper":—.Honey is a very
valuable food. It is especially good
for children who need a great deal of
sugar, because of the fact that the
skin surface, that is, the radiating sur-
face of the child's body, Is much larger
in proportion than that of the adult.
This means that children's bodies lose
heat rapidly, and therefore they need
a great deal of sugar which produces
heat and energy. Honey supplies
sugar in its most dig till f d
enters into the ciraul
atton at once.
the edge of a carpet, a hot Iran is 00
excellent exterminator. Dampen the
edge of the carpet and iron with the
hot iron. If of velvet or Brussels,
hold the iron close to the carpet, but
do not press it down. The hot steam
will ]till all moths, and without the
THE FORESTS OF
BRITISH INDIA
WOODED STATE OF .couNTRTr
IMPRESSES TRAY13BLER,
Difference Between Habits of Xndiell
and Canadian in ileg,A•d to
Forest Clearing.
The first Meek to a Canadian tva-
veiling in India is the wooded state
of the country, writee IL B.. MacMi1-
fan, former Chief Forester of X3ritish
Columbia, One expecte that hun-
dreds of millions 01 people warring
least injury to the carpet. 4. When through thousands of years and final.
sealing jelly, melt paraffin in an old ly under a century of pease crowding.
teapot or tea steeper, It is the moat agriculturally 300 to 000 to the square
satisfactory way of pouring the wax mile would have produced a denuded
over the jelly when sealing it. No land, Such is not the case—except in
drops will be spilled upon tiro table, tits arfd Indus valley—the whole land,
"lliary -To remove stains caused viewed from a railway carriage, ap-
by handling fresh fruit, before wash pears forested, and even the Ganges
ing rub the hands with half a lemon. Plain with its agricultural half thou -
Or take a stalk of rhubarb, peel and sand to the square mile is so . dotted
bruise and rub the hands with it. with trees as to appear at a distance
"Botanist":—The national flowers Of less than a mile an unbroken wall
of the allies aro, so far as known: of forest. The temperament which
England, rose; Scotland, thistle; Ire- leaves trees to grow, in groves, rows,
land, shamrock, Wales, leek; Canada, and scattered throughout the most
maple leaf; Australia, fern; France, valuable fields without even the pro
lily; Japan, chrysanthemum; Italy, tection of the fence row, which saves
lily. There is no floral national em. a few trees in America, must have
blem accepted by the other allies, Rus- been an important factor in leaving
sia, Belgium, Serbia, Rumania, Monte- any forests for the British to admin -
negro, Portugal, United States and ister in India,
S. B,:—To make Hollandaise sauce
diger:tilde e ora, an Cuba. The forest area of British India now
Honey also contains minerals :Aces- for fish put 2 tablespoonfuls of but- per for the human body, one of these ter and 4 tablespoonfuls of vinegar in
being iron.
"Lucy": -1, Spread a thin film of
butter over cheese that is to be put
away and it will not dry or crack. 2.
Lengthen the stitch on your sewing -
machine to its fullest extent, and
stitch the part to be shirred. Adjust
your gathers by ,pulling the lower
thread, and your gathers will be per-
fectly even. 3. For moths around
stands at about 336,000 square miles,
or 31.1 cont. of the total land
area, Though the forest cannot all be
considered as productive timber land,
or even as wooded land, as will be ex-
plained later, the proportion of actual
forest must to a Westerner appear
very large, especially when the age,
history and population of the country
are considered.
Indian Not an Emigrant.
The large proportionate area of for-
est is explained by three or four con-
ditions wherein India differs funda-
mentally from American conditions,
which act as brakes on forest destruc-
tion in India.
Recent Canadian experience to the
contrary, the Indian is not an emi-
grant. The strongest human tendency
in Canada and the United States has
been to move west along the parallels
of latitude and destroy forest. The
native North American has not wait-
ed either for pressure of population or
for a market for the timber in the vir-
gin Western forests to furnish the
stimulus for the Western movement of
population. The Indian, the direct an-
tithesis of this man, even when the
agricultural populationhas reached
600 to the square mile; has not felt
impelled to leave his ancestral paddy
field and move a few hundred miles
to another part of his native province
or to another province of India, even -
though bountiful paddy fields have
already been proved there, settled
government established and railroads
laid down for easy transport.
Forests of Assam and Burma.
a saucepan, bring to a boil, add yolk of
ono egg, cook till thick, remove and
season with 14, teaspoonful salt and a
dash of pepper.
A course in Domestic Science will
shortly commence in the Household
Department. If you clip out the les-
sons as they appear and paste in a
scrap -book, you will have the com-
plete series for future reference.
A little oil cake added to the skim
milk will make an excellent substitute
for fat in the calf's feed after the
whole milk has been cut off.
Milk warm from the separator, with
a little flaxseed jelly added to supply
the extracted butterfat (at less cost),
is an ideal feed for calves.
The calf feeding pails should be kept
as clean asthe milk pails. One feed-
ing of stale or sour milk will often
cause serious indigestion and scours.
It is better for a calf to miss a
feed than to have a feeding of sour
milk.
After drinking the milk a handful of
ground grain should be put in a feed-
ing box.
The pregnant heifer should receive
a liberal ration containing a high per
cent. of protein and ash, as these are
necessary for the development of the
foetus,
The best time to start feeding the
heifer to produce a good milk cow is
when it is young,
"BETTER THAN USUAL"
Is the slogan of the Toronto Fat Stock
Show, who annoainee their Eighth An-
nual Exhibition in this issue, to be held
at the Union Stook Yards, on Decem-
ber 7th and 8th next, Our readers will
remember the record prices paid at the
Auction Sale at last year's show, the,
Grand Champion being bought by the
T. Eaton Company at 50o, per lb„ live
weight. Premium lists will be out in
n few days and will contain all the
old and several new classes.
Ware
The symptoms for disease of the
side -bone are, in some cases, lameness,
and -a hard, unyielding enlargement'
surrounding the heel on one or both
sides of the foot. ff
if lameness be .,present, blistering '� AT
tends to effect a cure; if not lame no
treatment is advisable.
Use three or four horses in a team
wherever possible.
The neck and shoulders of most
horses are all the time changing. The
collar that may be all right this year
The strength of the pig when far-
rowed exerts possibly the greatest ef-
fect on the ultimate economy of pro-
duction.
Second only to this point in import-•
ante is the influence of wisdom in the
feeding and management of the suck-
ing and the weaned pig,
More good litters are ruined—and
more swine -feeders baffled and dis-
couraged—by improper feeds and
feeding and ill-advised methods at the
period mentioned, then possibly dur-
Ing any other phase of the pig's ex-
istence.
Teach the litter to cat three weeks
before weaning.
For best results milk
practically a necessity,
ings.
A few handfuls of dry grain scat-
tered in the bedding insures the pigs
taking exercise. Avoid overfeeding,
and make exercise necessary.
Gradually increase middlings until
weaning. If skim -milk is available,
and two litters per year are anticipat-
ed, wean at six weeks of age; other-
wise wean at eight weeks.
Rape makes excellent • forage for
hogs. And rape, sown on land kept
under clean cl 1tivation until July, will
assist in land cleaning.
War is not made by word of mouth,
but by man ,grower.
Milk records prove that the cow is
an individual and not merely a me-
chanical contrivance for producing
milk.
products are
with middl-
EIGHTH ANNUAL
TORONTO
Mon Stock Yards
TORONTO
DEC. 7th & 8th, 1917
may need considerable readjusting an-
other year. I WRITE -
It is difficult to find a better collar
than a good curled hair collar. FOR
Some blacksmiths seem to think!
they must earn their money paring off
the hor'se's hoof. Result, thousands
of poor sore -footed horses.
PREMIUM
LIST
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The Indian will assuredly cut down
the forest bordering his field and
village if allowed, but he will not
migrate to attack a new forest area.
Nearly every province contains a fair
proportion of forest, some of it seem-
ingly on good agricultural land and
only a hundred miles or so from dis-
tricts so densely populated that to use
Kipling's description of Canton you
feel that if you knocked a corner off
a house it would bleed. Other pro-•
winces, rich beyond dreams, in the
capacity for growth of myriad, crops,
such as Assam and Burma, lying in
the direct line between the hordes of
China and the swarms of India to this
day cry aloud for population and all
through the past have suffered little
or no forest destruction.
A large proportion of the forest .
wealth of India is in these two pro-
vinces. If they are omitted the
forest in India sinks to 21 per cent, of
the land area. One should be per-
mitted to dream a moment what
would be the situation in North
America to -day if we had possessed'
only a little of the Indian's charac-
teristics of pausing to make each acre
to denude
before passing on d nude
another. We should have been still
somewhere East of the Appalachians
and the beaver would not yet have
been driven out of Canadian rivers to
take refuge in the.:folds of the, flag.
..--
Sugar Dressing.
Powdered sugar dressing for sup-
purating and contaminated wounds is.
receiving a thorough test in the Ger-
man army and has proved highly sat-
isfactory, according to Di, F. Harsher,
who reports to the Muenchener Mecli-
zinsche Wochensehift the experiences
of himself and fifty other army . sur-
geons in the use of it.. He has used it
`in more than one thousand cases. Dr,
Hereher says that powdered sugar
makes it unnecessary to rinse out or
irrigate a wound, as it causes such a
profuse oozing of the fluid that the
wound is copiot sly washed from with-
in. Its efficiency is due mainly to its
stimulation of secretion, and this di-
lutes and washes away the pus.
If woolens are hung out cit the lht3
dripping wet instead of being wrung
out they will not shrink,
With Europe an immense battlefield,
its millions consuming and not endue,
ing, the food shortage will naturally
become worse as the was' centimes,