The Seaforth News, 1917-02-22, Page 3I)�llp,(q,�j51'I�y In l''u�ia"k��
Conducted by Professor henry G. 13111.
l'he object of this department le to place at the
service of our farm readers the advice of an acknowl•,
edged authority on all oubjeots prctaining to soils and
crops,
Address all questions to Professor Henry G. Bell, In
care of The Wilson Publishing Company, Limited, To•
ionto, and answers will appear In this column In the
order In which they are received. As space le limited
It is advisable where Immediate reply la necessary that
a stamped and addressed envelope be enclosed with the
question, when the answer will bo mailed direct,
Raestion—IL C.—Would :t be pro-
fitable to put a piece of land into
spring wheat this spring, and would it
be alright to use artificial fertilizer if
no manure is used? What aro the
best varieties of seed? The soil is
gravelly loam?
Answer, --If tho price of wheat re-
mains anything near what it is at pres-
ent, spring wheat should be a very pro-
fitable crop in 1017. Prof, Zavitz of
Ontario Agricultural College advises
using from 1% bushels of seed per
acre. He recommends the Marquis
wheat which has done best of its typo
in tests throughout the various parts
of the province. Another good spring
wheat is Wild' 'Goose, which produces
an exceedingly hard kernel but one
not of very high quality. Early Java
spring wheat is another variety which
/is also successfully grown.
I believe it would bo advisable to ap-
ply at least 250 lbs. of fertilizer per
acre in order to insure a good vigor-
ous start of this money -crop. Por a
gravelly loam, I would apply a fertili-
zer carrying from 2 to 3% ammonia,
at least 8% phosphoric acid and 1 to
2% potash, This can be broadcasted
with a lime spreader, but is better ap,
plied through the fertilizer dropping
attachment of the grain drill.
W. 13, H,—The Maples—I have 500
acres pasture land and 700 acres
meadow. Am carrying a little over
100 head of beef cattle, .100 bogs and
35 sheep at present, Am anxious to
make nig land carry more. What
can you suggest?
Answer—If water stands on yodr
meadows or pastures late in spring,
obviously drainage is necessary. See
that surface drains are kept open, and
add tile drains as ypu are able until
all the land drains freely. Valuable
pasture and meadow grasses and cloys
era will not thrive in water-logged
soil,
If clover is scarce in the sod and
sheep sorrel grows freely, it is likely
your meadow or pastime land is sour.
Apply two to four tons of finely
ground limestone per acre, or its
equivalent of burnt lime o1• marl. This
can be spread on the land as 0000 as
it is dry enough to drive over it in
spring. A broadcast limesower is best
to use in spreading the lime,
It may bo the plantfood of your
grass land is getting scarce or inac-
tive. If so, spread from 5 to 10 loads
of manure on your meadow next spring
just as grass growth is starting.
Finally, the kinds of grasses grow-
ing in your meadow may be naturally
low yielders. If so, let your next
seeding be of high-grade seed of good
varieties. Prof. Zavitz of Ontario
Agricultural College, after 10 years'
tests, recommends the following mix-
ture,
Grasses, Lbs. per A.
Orchard 4
Meadow, Fescue ,..,4
Tall oats 3
Timothy a 2
Meadow Foxtail 2
The average 10 -yr, yield was 5.09
tons per acre.
Legiunes. Lbs. per A.
Alfalfa . 6
Alsike Clover 2
White Clover 1 -
Yellow Trefoil 1
Total 24 lbs.
POTATOES FOR ONT'
10
The Third of a Series of Five Special Articles
by Prof. Henry G. Belt
If Ontario produced in 1917 300 bus.
per acre of potatoes on the acreage
devoted to potatoes last year, she
could provide one pound of potatoes a
day for a'whole year for a population
of 8,250,000 people. Can she do it?
I believe she can. Such an accom-
plishment is but the result of applying
methods which have "proven out" no
further removed from Ontario than
Aroostock Co., Maine. The yield per
acre obtained in this county has fre-
quently exceeded 800 bus. for areas
not of 5 or 10 acres but on whole
farms of 75 to 150 acres.
Ontario for the most part has a
good potato soil. The range of tem-
perature and rainfall during the grow-
ing season is usually such as favors
good yields of potatoes. Labor or is very
Y
scarce, and potatoes probably require
more labor than most farm crops.
Nevertheless, if Ontario farmers
would individually or -co-operatively
equip themselves with modern potato
machinery, a great deal of hand labor
could be avoided, and large areas
handled with little more labor than it
now takes to work the common 3 to
5 a, potato patches. There are at
least five great essentials in growing
this crop, each of which must be care-
fully ob•3erved if big yields or first
quality are to be harvested:
1st—Potato soil must be fairly.
open, friable, and must be well drain-
ed.
Potatoes will not thrive in water-
logged soil. See that the open drains
are clear and the tile drains are doing
their work. Plant your crop on sod
land that was deeply plowed. The tu-
bers swell rapidly in July. They must
sot be constricted by heavy, closely
mocked soil. Disk and harrow the
seedbed till it is mellow.
2nd—Potatoes must have an abund-
ance of moisture, especially when the
tubers are filling.
"Ah, yes!" you say, "that is just
where we cannot control conditions."
Are you sure you cannot control the
moisture supply, at least to a con-
siderable extent?
Is your soil deeply fall plowed, so
that it can catch and retain the great
amount of water that falls upon it in
the shape of snow and rain during
winter and early spring?
Is your soil well stocked with de-
caying plant material—stubble, second
crop clover, strawy manure—humus?
It acts like a sponge, catching and
holding the moisture till it is needed.
3rd—Suitable well-bred varieties al-
ways outyield mongrel. stock. Seed
stock, whether early or late, should
be pure, otherwise there will be un-
equal ripening, and frequently a vari-
ation in size and quality which great-
ly discounts the product when it is
ready for market.
4th—Potatoes require an abundance
of well-balanced plant food, Remem-
ber, potatoes have to be fed Just like
your hogs, or calves, or poultry, if you
are to get largest yields of best qual-
ity.
Manure is the great farm plant
food supply. It will supply much ne-
cessary food to potatoes as well as to
other farm crops. however, in many
of the .large potato growing sections,
the growers prefer to put the manure
on land set apart for other crops such
as wheat or meadow, and to give the
potatoes their additional food in the
form of fertilizers. Stock manure,
especially if fresh, forms a splendid
lodging place for the spores or tiny
seeds of the potato scab diseases. A
good fertilizer for potatoes should
carry from 2 to 4 per cent. of am-
monia. It is the nitrogen which Forms
82 per cent. of the ammonia, which
greatly aids the rapid and sturdy
growth of the potato vine. The potato
fertilizer should also supply from 8
to 10 per cent. of available phosphoric
acid. It is the phos. acid which
causes the plant to ripen and form
its tubers. Before the war potato
growers were using from 15 to 10 per
cent. of potash in their potato plant
food, It Is this important food which
aids the starch to form and fill out
the tabor, Under present conditions
potato fertilizers had best terry 1 to
8 per cent. of potash,
If you have a quantity of wood
ashes you will do exceedingly web to
scatter it on your potato seedbed and
to work It into the soil. Well -stored
wood It. ,car carries from 2 to 3 per
cent. potash.
How much shall you use?
Prof, Zuvitz at the recent conven-
tion of the Ontario Experimental
Union reported that as a result of 96
tests of potato fertilizers throughout
the province during the last 5 years,
the experimenters obtained an aver-
age yield of 122,4 bus, per acre with-
out fertilizers, and 1419 bus. per
acre where 320 lbs. of fertilizer was
applied, and 161.9 bus, per aero
where 960 lbs. of fertilizer was added.
Dir•. Woods of Maine Exp. Sta. be-
gan a special fertilizer experiment in
1915 testing low potato fertilizers for
Maine potatoes, On one test where
potatoes followed sod he applied 1500
lbs. of fertilizer to the acre, and har-
vested the following:
Field
: 1'er A, . Plot Treatment Frush. Der A.
1000 lbs, r'ertlllzer supph•Ing ultro-
gen anti available phoephrn•lo
etcld, but no pnLash 224
1100 lbs. fertilirer analyslna
G'% Asan nla
5% Avn,11ab10 Phos• Acid
3%s Yatash 424
In applying fertilizers, as a rule
not more than 400 lbs. should be sown
in the potato drill or furrow. Amounts
in excess of this should be sown
broadcast over the potato seedbed and•
carefully bestowed or disked into the
soil before the potato drills are
"struck" of the crop is planted. Of
course the potato planter, with fertil-
izer dropping attachment deposits the
fertilizer in the row, to best advant-
age.
Proper potato fertilization is un-
doubtedly the secret of big Yields, It
is the measure that British agricul-
turists are so strongly advocating at
this moment. As long as they were
able to obtain available phosphoric
acid, potato fertilization was' what
made it possible for Britain's enemy
to produce such quantities of potato
food for man and beast,
6th—Control potato disease.
This is the great perquisite that to-
gether with the foregoing means lar-
gest yields and best quality potatoes,
This paper is already long, hence we
shall delay discussion of this large
subject for a subsequent article.
Rhmember that well brained land,
plentifully supplied with humus, en-
riched with suitable available,=fertil-
izer produces largest crops of best
quality potatoes, if good seed is plant-
ed and care is taken to control dia
ease•and insect pests.
Many losses in pig breeding can be
avoided by proper care of the sow
during the gestation period.
If a pig has a cough give it some
oil -meal in its feed. Oil -meal is
laxative and it will often help a slight
cold.
Wheat middlings made in a thick
slop is one of the best foods for grow-
ing pigs. Never feed meal c11:x to
pigs; make a thick slop always.
Don't forget to give the pigs lots
of bright clover hay or alfalfa. They
will eat 'it and it is the best thing in
the world for them in connection with
other feed.
Don't overfeed the brood sows and
get them too fat. A fat sow paver
has a good litter of pigs. Keep the
brood sows active.
ANOTHEiR RECORD SET.
Sun Life of Canada Makes Splendid
Showing.
To hold first place amongst Can-
adian life insurance companies in
amount of insurance in force, assets,
surplus and income is the distinction
of the San Life of Canada. New
business to the amount of over $42,-
700,000 was written daring the last
year, bringing the assurance in force
up to tt total of over $281,000,000,
which amount is three times as large
as that in force twelve years ago,
Itis to be noted that assets now
total practically $88,000,000, an in-
crease of over $8,500,000 for the year.
The net surplus over all liabilities and
capital also show an increase for the
year of close on $1,000,000. $7,678,000
were paid to policy holders during the
twelve months period just closed.
Further details of this company's
business for the past year will be
found elsewhere in this issue.
4110.-9/Wiee4e
9: e blending
ateeice5azoned •�
.r:�,... afire CI 1031: 6;312 :.�'^C?'.?'•-+ ry:',31-Ja
Su Life f nada
Sets New Records
ESULTS secured during the year 1916 re.affirm the position of the
Suet Life Assurance Company of Canada as the leading life assurance
organization in the Dominion. Once snore it leads the field among
Canadian Companies in each of the following respects
Kargegt RIM Bilsiness. Largest Business in Force. Largest Assets.
Largest Surplus Earnings. 11,argest Net Surplus. Largest income.
largest Distriblutiion of life Assurance Beneffits,
THE YEA1?'S RESULTS
The following largo and uniform increases registered during the year 1916 clearly demonstrate the
strength of the Company's position and the confidence and prestige It enjoys in the public naiad:
1916 1915 INCREASE
Assets as at December 31st . . .
Cash Income . c • •
Surplus paid or allotted to Policyholders.
Net Surplus es at December 31st. .
Total Payments to Polio holders. . .
Assurances lamed and Paid for in Cash.
Assurances in Force . . . . .
$82,948,996
18,499,131
1,110,900
8,509,865
7,578,016
42,772,298
281,434,700
974,828,423 98,622,878 11.651
16,972,872 2,826,459 15.851
986,487 125,413 12.7%
7,545,591 084,274 12.851
7,129,479 448,537 6.351
54,873,851 7,898,445 ( 22.8 X
237,404,100 24,030,540 ( 9.351
Coincident with the above increases, the Company succeeded during the year`in effecting a
substantial and important reduction in the ratio of expense, a feature which favourably effects
earnings on policyholders' account.
THE COMPANY'S GROWTH
YEAR
INCOME
ASSETS
LIFE ASSURANCES
IN FORCE
1872
$ 48,210.78
90,401.98
1,0644,860.00
1886
873,500.81
1,673,027.10
9,413,858.07
1896
1,886,238.00
6,8818,144.08
88,196,800.92
1908
8,212,615.02
24,292,692.65
102,638,808.10
1916 , , , , , . ,
18,499,131.82
82,948,996.06
281,434,699.94
91-.J144
HEAD OFFICE MONTREAL
1871 T, B. MACAULAY, President.
1917
"' fS.l II
V..� s ..
Mu ^ �r (t inrr iY 1i d J%ien Law ,.
Mothers and daughters of all ages are cordially Invited to write to this
dtpartmont. initials only will be published with each question and its
answer as a means of identification but full name and address must be
given in each letter. Write on one side of paper only. Answers will bo
mailed direct if stamped and addressed envelope Is enclosed.
Address ail correspondonoe for this department to Mrs. Helen LaW, 75
Castle Frank Road, Toronto.
business Girl: -1. It is impossible
to mix business with pleasure suc-
cessfully. All day in en office and
all evening at the social game burns
the candle at both ends, and spells
disaster. An occasional dissipation is
stimulating to all of us, and the tem-
porary loss of sleep it entails can be
made up; it is the constant drain that
tells. 2. If a girl who is entertaining
another girl at her home receives an
invitation to a party, she may with
perfect propriety ask the hostess for
permission to bring her guest..
Violet: -1. A cup of hot water or
cocoa taken before retiring will sooth
the nerves, and induce sleep. 2. For
a sallow skin, eliminate sweets, pas-
tries, rich gravies, fried foods, fat
meats, and use fruits and green vege-
tables as much as possible. Drink
two glasses of water (hot) on rising,
two more about 11 o'clock, two in the
early evening and two before retiring.
Mrs• L, H.:-1. Probably lack of
flavor in the meat is due to the manner
of cooking. Have the oven very hot
at first, then the meat will be seared
on the outside, and this will keep the
juices in. After twenty minutes the
temperature of the oven can be con-
siderably lowered. Steaks and chops
should be put into very hot pans, and
turned quickly, then temperature low-
ered. Meat should be seasoned just
before it has finished cooking. 2.
Scrambled eggs become watery when
they are allowed to coal: too long.
.Teacher:—The "Teutonic" territory
occupied by the Allies is about 748,-
860 square miles, including captured
colonies. The "Allied" territory 00.
cupied by the Central Powers is about
125,000 square miles.
STOMACH MEDICINES
DANGEROUS
DOCTORS NOW ADVISE MAGNESIA
Just how dangerous it is to indiscrim-
inately dose the stomach ivltlt drugs and
medicines is often not realized until too
late. It seems S0 Simple to swallow a
dose of some special mixture or taste tab-
lets of sods, pepsin,bismuth, etc., after
meals, and the folly of this drugging is
not apnar0nt unto, perhaps yoarS 5.fter-
ward, when it to found that gastric ,ul-
cers have almost eaten their way
through the Stomach walls. 110 rets are
then umL"1111ingg; 1t is 1n the 05212• Stages
when Indigestion. dyspepsia, heartburn.
tflatulence, etc., indicat50 excessive acidl-
y or the stomach and fermentation of
food contents that precaution should be
gtllten. Di'u5c rind Itledietnes are anellit-
1 tle or nn inliuenaenu upon harmful acid
p
l thel that is why doctors are di S0: Indi-
them and adiisntg sufrorors from tndl-
I gestlon and stomach trouble t0 get rid "t
the do s lila a arld swe Iteep 'lis food
202110,110 1210220 5.4211 sweet by tlknlg a
little pure bieura.ted magaeola instead,
Ilalsurstee 21004,20120 Is an absolutely pure
,anti -acid which ran bo retulily obtained
!from any drug e'o{e. It le uLwelutelS
hi11.11,1085, .lar practt0aily tear lele0s said n
teaspoonful taken In a little warm or
cold water after meals, will usually be
found quite 0urfletent to instantly nou-
tralize exeeSsi,'2 acidity of the stomatic
and 1
preve`It all Possibility of the food•
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YOM, I D COM>: NOME-
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HAVE
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Dangers That fault in
The pin is horn with millions c f
brothers and sisters, who leavehome
to travel all parts of the world, 0 1
their journey they come in contact
with us human beings and it might bo
interesting to take up what eomotime0
happens when they do so.
Suppose a pin found its way into the
laundry sot a shirt manufacturer, We
would be likely to hear of it, first in
the mouth of one of those folding the:
shirt and preparing it for shipment.
This ;lin, as well as others, Might per-
haps be making its firet intimate
acquaintance with the germ that pro-
duces sore throat. The shirt gets to
the consumer, who starts. to mike it
ready for use. For the 000012' time
the poor pin finds the human' mouth
again its abiding place. Possibly this
1.1100 it gets into an ulcerated mouth,
thence itg cyte into the pin ('005 on or
some other receptacle.
The pt r ons who handle these ran -
not recognize disease gtrin:a by the
naked eye, and therefore the pir, with
its cargo of germs, is ready'tol• a new
service, this time, perhaps, by a dress-
maker•. If ,he has the bad habit al-
ready alluded to she fills her xu:,uilr
with these phis while she cuts with her
patterns and fits various pieces to -
gather. This time for variation the ,
pin may have found lodgment in a
healthy mouth. Nevertheless, it is
not a pleasant fault, when you know
the pin's history thus far, to think of
any one making such use of it.
Many a mother who uses pins in
fastening a child's dress together
does the same thing. By this time.
in the pin's life history, it is' quit..
well armed with spores of germs and
really is accountable for much harm
along its path of travel. And now as
it is getting old and about ready to
close its life a little child may be
stricken with tonsilitis or diphtheria
or even scarlet fever, because some of
these diseases are easily communic-
able from throats so recently affected
by the disease that the danger is nut
recognized. The presenee. of the
germs that have been 'referred to on
the pin is a real danger, as the physi-
clan or laboratory, worker knows he
can plant these pins taken from
'everyday use and plant them in food-
stuffs that will make them grow and
multiply in great numbers, colonies
can be seen by the naked eye and the;;
can be injected into other living be-
jings and produce disease.
I The habit of putting pins into the
j mouth would not continue for a mo-
ment if every one knew this.
I The moral of this little story is,
never hold pins in the mouth, as they
spread diesease, even fatal diseases.
i x
i CHEMISTRY AND AGRICULTURE.
i Report of the Dominion Department
of Agriculture.
In the annual report of the Divi-
sion of Chemistry, Dominion Experi-
I mental Farm, for the year ending
March 31, 1910, prepared by frank T.
Shutt, M.A., D.Sc., Dominion Chem-
ist, and recently issued by the Do-
' minion s,Department of Agriculture,
considerable attention is devoted to
the study of the subject of "Sugar
Ipn "
Roots for Factory Purposes."
c..
In this report, Professor Shutt
states that this "investigation carried
on now a number of years, has 00a -
elusively shown that beets of excel-
lent quality for sugar extraction can
be grown in many widely distant por-
tions of the Dominion." Among the
factors to be considered, in sugar beet
growing, are the quality of the beet,
labor, with its availability" and cost.
Considerable space is.also given to
results of investigations carried on to
ascertain the delative value of field
roots. The results of these point out
clearly that care must be exercised in
.selecting the variety, or varieties, of
field roots grown. In the analysis of
some 86 varieties of mangles the rich-
est root contained 13 per cent. dry
matter and 5.06 per cent. sugar, while
the poorest contained 7.32 per cent.
dry matter and 2.86 per tent. sugar,
These great and important differences
represent real differences in feeding
values, The shine is true with tur-
nips, analysis, showing that between
the richest and poorest of some 33
varieties there existed a difrerenre of
5.58 per cent. dry matter, which, as-
suming that the feeding value is
measured by the percentage of dry
matter, means that 2,000- lb. of the
best variety are equivalent to 3,800
lb. of the poorest. Further investiga-
tions were carried on with regard to
fodders and feeding stuffs, and 0
large number of fertilizing materials
were analyzed during the year. The
report also contains the result of in-
vestigational work with fertilizers
conducted by supervisor B Leslie
lemslie on the Experimental Stations
at • Fredericton, ton NIL, and Kenti iIh , -
N S, This report, which contains
much valuable information, can beob-
tained on application to the Publica-
tions Branch, Department of Agrirul-
tuVe, Ottawa.
The average resident, silent'• oi' the United.
Ringdtm consumes about a 1p,t and
a half of tea each day.
To citable i ittonloei1e driverrr to sig.,
nal 1,, following vehicles an electric"
Islip to be worn on the back of the
e,•0. 1 44. tl invented.