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HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe Seaforth News, 1956-09-06, Page 6TABLE TkLKS dam Andvews. The regular conductor of this column is away on well-earned and — we hope -- well -enjoy- ed holidays. However, iron her hideaway she sends us ibis clip- ping about how to make apple - butter And it sounds like REAL apple -butter. Which reminds us that Nye haven't tasted any of THAT since before Hickory Jim was weaned. e e * This morning I came in from the orchard with a half -bushel of Wealthy windfalls, I knew where to lay my hands en grandmother's recipe for ap- ple butter and eagerly I read again the words written on lined paper in her clear, firm hand, "Wash the apples in cold well water," the recipe began. The chromium faucet had to assist me there, and although the water had a distinct chlor- ine flavor, I 'plunged the apples into it. "Cut the apples into quarters. (Do not take time to cut out seeds, blossoms ends, or stems, They will not go through the colander,)" The parentheses are hers — pure Dutch thrift, even to the saving of a minute. I patiently quartered the ap- ples with one eye on the recipe. It has been in use in our fam- ily since the fall of 1856, two years after grandmother came down the Ohio and up the Mis- sissippi by the river boat to Minnesota. The cold well water grand- mother advised came from the well grandfather dug soon after he hal selected his farm site. Again I glanced at the recipe. "When the apples are ready, put them in a large iron kettle and rook them until they are aofi." How many hours would that have taken on grandmother's wood cook stove, I wondered. In twenty minutes the two large aluminum kettels were steam- ing on my electric stove, giving off that pungent aroma of apple sweetness that is matched by no other fruit, the handle and the sieving Is done. "Measure the fruit pulp with a china cup and add about two- thirds cup sugar for each cup of fruit. Taste for sweetness," the recipe continued. I knew what that tasting meant. Grandmother had a sweet tooth and I could still re- member the fun I used to have when I foraged her voluminus apron for the inevitable pink and white peppermint drops. "Now add spices, cinnamon. cloves, and allspice, a little of each " Grandmother was a born cook and "a little of each" was as accurate to her as the carefully measured amount in my bright- ly colored plastic spoon. But after the direction about the spices, 1 saw another famil- iar handwriting — my mother's, She, too, had used grandmoth- er's recipe and I had helpfully inserted these words: "11h tea- spoons cinnamon, '4 teaspoon allspice, Se teaspon cloves for 6 cups fruit." I took mother's` advice. Tha butter began to smell de- licious then, and the family came running this time. Again their ejaculations, "Um -m -m, apple butter, can't we have a taste right now?" But I merely beamed on them and kept stirring to prevent the precious mixture from even a suggest_on of scorching. At last it was done, when I dipped a wooden spoon and brought up the shining dark- ness, :t heaped upon the spoon, I turned again to grandmoth- er's writing.. "'When the butter is thick, ladle into stone crocks, cover with wax, and set in the milk safe in the root cellar." I looked over to the pantry shelf at my fovorite containers: stone jars from London, a mar- malade pot from Dundee, and a number of brown pottery jars that once held store jam. I ladeled some of the butter into these and the remainder into prosiac glass hjars twith ti hem tan covers, After beled, "Apple Butter, Wealthies, August, 1956," I glanced at the recipe for a final look. At the bottom was a notation in my own handwriting. "Do not that untilafter it Thanksgiving; by will taste its best." believed I suppose I really that when first I wrote it, but I have come to know that time has little effect on the taste. It is good butter any time because the recipe isa good cookdtogether, put ahundred byyears ago. The members of the family began to drift in toward the kitchen. "Um -m -m, applesauce," they said. I smiled but said nothing. I was looking atthe recipe. "Ladle the applesa colan- der and work through with po- tato masher." I remember that potato mash- er as on of my first toys. It would roll, it could be used to make a loud noise banged on the floor, and it was smooth to bite on. Grandfather had made 4 and years of use had given S a satiny smoothness. I don't Lave the potato masher but I lo have a food mill. How grand- nother would have loved my 'ood mill: five or six turns of FASHION HINT vr. ity and so on that we cannot control. We wanted to come up with a chemical compound that would do the same work as horse serum but which would contain only the chemicals we put into it," Parker's work had nothing to do .with polio. It is, in sup- ported to the tune of $25,000 per year by the. National Cancer In- stitute of Canada, a volunteer organization of medical men and others which suports nearly all cancer research in Canada. And the bulk of this money comes right out of the pockets of John Public during the annual cam- paign of the Canadian Cancer Society. Themethod of the Parker team was simply to keep mixing different chemicals together, grow mouse cells in them and see how long they could keep the cells alive. By 1951 they were working with their one hundred and ninety-ninth chemical com- pound, which contained no less than 60 life-giving chemicals and in which mouse cells would live for 40 days, (Parker has since. achieved his goal of a live -for- ever fluid, No. 858,) At this time Dr. Rhodes, Dr. A. E. Franklin and Dr. William Wood enter the picture. Work- ing on polio research in the same establishment as Parker, they knew all about his syn- thetic medium and decided to try to grow polio virus on mon- key kidney tissue in synthetic Medium No. 199• the virus As it turned out found 199 very much to its lik- ing and reproduced by the mil- lions. Since then, all the virus used in the Salk vaccine has been grown in Parker's 199, or in re- cently improved versions, By this time Solution 199 had gained considerable interna- tional reputation and requests were coming from laboratories in different countries for sup- plies of the miracle mixture. In 1953 Parker received such a re- quest from Dr. Jonas E. Salk, of Pittsburgh, who had been con- ducting extensive experiments with polio virus in horse serum. As Rhodes had done, Salk suc- cessfully grew the virus on mon- key kidney tissue in the Parker medium. Then he killed the virus with formaldehyde and had what is known as a "dead vac- cine. The principle of such a vac- cine is that even the dead virus can cause the body to build up its immunity, but cannot cause the disease. As with all new vaccines, the big problem was to test it on human beings. Salk solved this by trying the vaccine on himself and then on his wife and three sons, When no evil effects fol- lowed, he tried it on 200 school children in the Pittsburgh area. Suddenly Dr. Jonas E. Salk was internationally famous and mil- lions of mothers all over the world were filled with a breath - t kinThe first t+half of the problem had been solved—a dead vaccine had been produced and demon- strated to be harmless. Now, the 64 million dollar question was would it provide immunity against polio? The only way to find out was to try it, and here the National Foundation for In- fantile Paralysis steped into the picture. A field test, involving some 60,000 American, Cana- dian and Finnish children, was organized and the Connaught A scientific gentleman when explaining the term 'relative humidity' stated that only the other night he had been very conscious of its meaning when nursing his infant niece on his lap! Serve warm; generously buttered ... a delicious tea -time treat. If you bake at home there's never a • failure when you use dependable Fleischmann's Active Dry Yeast! 'stake a<.. AZAWOAJ2 77,///57-C 1 . Measure Into bowl 1 cup lukewarm water Stir fn 2 teaspoons granulated sugar Sprinkle with contents of 2envelopes Fleischmann's Active Dry Yeast Let stand 10 minutes,THEN stir well. 2. Cream 1/3 cup butter or margarine Blend in 1/2 cup granulated sugar 11/2 teaspoons salt Blend in, port of a time 2 well -beaten etms Md the yeast mixture and 1 teaspoon vanilla Stir in 2 cups once -sifted ail -purpose flour and beat until smooth and elastic. Work In an additional 21/9 cups (about) once - sifted all-purpose flour 3. Tem out on tightly -floured \board; knead until smooth and elastic; place in greased bowl. Brush top of dough with melted shortening. Cover. Let rise in worm place, free from draft, until doubled in bulk—about 1 hour. 4. Meantime prepare and com- bine nada And The Salk Vaccine In the great wave of publicity that hit the world concerning the development of the now - famous Salk polio vaccine, the part played by Canadian scien- tists caused not a ripple. Even today, more than two years af- ter the dramatic report that proved the vaccine a success, it is not generally known that a considerable part of the whole program depended upon workers in, and the facilities of, the. Uni- versity of Toronto's Connaught Medical Research Laboratories. As a matter of fact, the Con- naught labs not only manufac- tured all the vaccine used in Canada up until recently, but they also provided all the polio virus culture used to snake vac- cine for the history -making 1954 trials of half a million American, Canadia.) and Finnish children. Not only that, but the chemical solution used then and still used, in which to grow monkey liver tissue necessary for the vaccine, was developed by a Connaught researcher supported by funds provided by the Canadian pub- lic. The Connaught Laboratories, named after the Duke of Con- naught, (Canada's Governor Gen- eral when the first buildings were officially opened in 1917) consists of thirty-two buildings located in Toronto, and north of the city at the famous "farm 3/p cup finely -crushed cracker crumbs Y2 cup blanched almonds, finely -ground s/a cup granulated sugar 1 slightly -beaten egg 2 tablespoons water 11/2 teaspoons almond extract 5. Punch down dough. Turn out and halve the dough;. setone portion aside to shape later. Roll one portion Into a 12 -inch square. Spread ih of square with half the crumb mixture. Fold plain third of dough over crumb mixture, then fold remaining third over top— making 3 layers of dough and 2 of filling. Cut rectangle Into 18 stdps.Twist each strip twice; place on greased cookie sheet. Press 2 or 3 blanched almonds into filling of each twist.. Brush with molted butter or margarine; sprinkle with sugar. Shape second portion of dough in some manner. Cover. Let rhe until doubled In bulk—about 1 hour. Bake In moderate oven, 350°, 20 to 25 minutes. Yields 36 twists. FLEISCHHAHH' ...u,r re u„ YEAST; •�sar °isiuwuso, A 1 111,1"41 NEEDS NO REFRIGERATION The Connaught had its real beginning in 1914 when Dr. J. G. FitzGerald, a crusading, hard- working young U. of T. gradu- ate, borrowed enough money to buy a barn and five broken- down horses with which to make diptheria anti -toxin, which up to then had cost from $20 to $80 a treatment, "right here in Can- ada and cheap enough so that provincial governments could buy it and distribute it free of charge". Since that time, this combin- ation pharmaceutical h o u s e, school of hygiene and research center, has saved Canadians mil- lions of dollars by providing, at prices much below those in the U.S., medications for diphtheria, tetanus, rabies, typhoid, measles; glandular products for the treat- ment of pernicious anaemia, Ad- dison's disease, arthritis; peni- cillin; processed human Vinod and blood fractions; most o` country's veterinarian supplies and insulin. Connaught researchers, under the leadership of Dr. A. J. Rhodes had been working on the polio problem for 6 years. When gamma globulin was heralded as an immunity factor for polio a few years ago, pre- pared hundreds of this proved of ent. Unfortunately, t to be another scientific cndd alley as the immunity provided was only tetmporary. But science was hot on the trail of the killer, with scientists all over the world working on the problem of isolating the virus and growing it outside the body. If this could be done the virus could then be killed and made into a serum that would stimulate the body to build up its own immunity against the dis- ease. The picture began to clari- fy in 1949 when Dr. John Enders of Harvard succeeded in grow- ing polio virus in human embry- onic tissue in a horse blood serum. Previously other work- ers had grown the virus in ani- mal nerve tissues, but a vac- cine made in this way can cause a brain condition which is far worse than polio. Lab was assigned the job of preparing the virus culture needed for the job. that virus of beingCon- prepared in one naught's buildings. Although for there was a gr rector the virus culture, every precau- tion was taken with its manu- facture. The monkey tissue war finely minced in sterile roomy by technicians wearing caps and gowns and takingoperating room precautions against conta- mination. The minced tissue was then placed in large, flat glass flasks containing 199, which were placed on racks in rooms kept at body temperature. The racks gently rocked back and forth for six days, when polio virus was introduced into the mixture. The virus multiplied by the mil- lions for a fe+v more days ty andmen d then was tested for pi strength. A ticklish part of the opera- tion was delivering the live polie virus to pharmaceutical houses in the U.S. Each driver of a sta- tion wagon hauling a load of death -dealing substance carried cans of gasoline with which to burn up both car and cargo it case at an accident. Fortunatell this was never necessary. In the U.S. the live virus war killed by the addition of for- maldehyde, processed into polic vaccine and shipped out to the doctors, who were injecting every second child of selected groups with the vaccine while injecting the others with a non - potent liquid to serve as "con- trols," The test ultimately show- ed that the vaccine gave com- plete immunity in about 80 per cent, and lessened the severity of attacks in the other 20 per cent. Medical history had been made. --BY Max Braithwaite in "Imperial Oilways." In this odd world people are usually detested not for being wrong but -for being right, Horse serum, however, was not satisfactory either, because it contained other factors that were impossible to control, What was needed was a medium in which polio virus would grow and multiply by the millions but which contained no serum from an anima — a purely synthetic, life -supporting serum. And this is where the inter- dependence of scientists becomes apparent. Working away in a small lab at the back of the School of Hygiene building on College Street in Toronto (part of the Connaught Lab) was a team of researchers under the leader- ship of a lively little man with a bald head, cookie mustache and a weakness for bow ties — Dr. Raymond Parker. For five years Parker had been trying to do something that no other scientist anywhere had ever been able to accomplish — produce a synthetic medium in which body cells would grow and rnultipll indefinitely. Parker scribes the problem this way , "In all animal serum there factors of heredity, immun- "HIGH AS AN ELEPHANT'S EYE' is the corn above. Judy Mar shall hos to stand on top a ca to reach it. The stalks are of the form of Judy's dad, win says crop prospects are the bes since 1950. ISSUE 35 — 1956 KING-SIZE HATCHET MAN -- Lumberjack Chet Shandel stands with his giant axe, ready to swing into action when hep Y Paul Bunyon, fabled iunmberjack of the North woods. Shan. (lel, for rr boxer, will rule over the festivities at a ''Return of Paul 4-nyor" celebration.