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HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe Seaforth News, 1955-07-07, Page 3The story of how an eroded, fire -devastated, and near worth- , less 1,000 -acre Australian tarin was made to blossom again in - reduces to the farmers of the world Australia's "Keyline tory.' The Keyline story began in 1944, when Percival A. Yeomans and his wife Rita walked over their fire -blackened acres seek - Ing. the solution to a formidable problem. Their new house was tartly burnt, the fences were gone, and the stock had disap- peared, driven before the thrust of the great bushfire. The land Itself stood valued at about 24 Bents an acre. « a a As Rita Yeomans has told in the foreword to her husband's widely acclaimed book, "The Keyline Plan," which has cap- tured the interest of thousands bf Australian farmers, Mr. Yeo - mane was a man who'had made a long and intensive study of Land problems from a profes- sional engineering background, « 4 * "Nevailan," t he run-down, burnt-out farm, was really a sideline to a busy life filled with larger professional and business Interests. But the "sideline" turned into "Keyline" and sky- rocketed this Australian engi- neer to the forefront among re- search scientists in agricultural and soil management techniques. It is doubtful whether the Yeomans realized that in their decision to rebuild "Nevailan," they would evolve one of the turning points in Australian agriculture and perhaps, as time may yet show, in world agricel- ture. * * a As Mrs. `Yeomans tells it, her husband began marshaling his Ji!. ideas, tramping across Nevallan. in the middle- of the night dur- ing heavy rain, observing the ef- fect of the rain on the soil, ex- perimenting here, experimenting there, oblivious to all else, visu- alizing long-term effects and snaking notes on short-term ones observed. * a * If cost money and took lunch lime but he persisted in face of pessimistic opinions, firm in his own view that this type of poor, steep country was a worthwhile proposition ancl that a payable solution to its problems was ON TOUR - Burma's anti-Com- munist Prime Minister U Nu is on a world tour which when finished, will have taken him to Israel, Yugoslavia, Great Bri- tain, Japan and the United much more important than others realized, a a « The wide acceptance of Key - line farming is its own proof that what Percival Yeomans found was not only to his own profit, but also se system that all farmers everywhere could un- derstand and use. Moreover, this plan proved to be cheap and simple to operate, and could be brought to production in a com- paratively short time, yielding results in a season or two. * * ,b Soil fertility and water distri- bution are the -basis for Keyline farming. Many types of fertile soil are more naturally resistant than worn, leached soils to ero- sion. Fertj a soils tend to stay put except )n extreme topogra- phical conditions. It Ts only when their level of fertility has been drastically reduced that they begin to move. a * « Keyline farming greatly ac- celerates those processes which occur naturally in the building of fertile soils. It is therefore essentially a soil building tech- nique which aims broadly to do two things: (1) conserve rainfall right where it falls; (2) release the vast store of fertility building materials which exist ,below the top three inches or so of soil on which farmers gen- erally depend for results. . «« On this vital aspect, Mr. Yeo- mans has said: "There is little evidence anywhere in nature to support the 'take.and put' theory of farming where farmers are taught to 'put back into the soil each year what they 'take out' in crops. "So much of what is taken out is composed of materials that are available in unlimited sup- ply from the sun, air, and moi- sture- moisture alone requiring conservation -- that if farmers cease to 'mine' the top inches of soil and farm the land, little if anything else need be put bark. • e a "Fertilizers should be used when they are necessary, but they are ,rarely the 'first' need. This is true of most of our farm- ing and grazing lands. "Corrective cultivation is a means of progressively improv- ing soil structure and soil fertili- ty, thereby developing a greater depth 'of fertile soil. Better crop production is incidental to the process" - To Keyline farming, Mr. Yee - mons discovered the basic im- portance to the entire farm of finding and working from the Keyline, which practically every farm possesses. This Keyline is the line drawn through the farm, sometimes by the planting of a belt of trees, which marks the division where the higher land begins to give way to the lower as, for ex- ample, across a valley. « * « Tillage is parallel to this Key - line in fairly tight rows below it until the boundary is reached. It is also parallel above it but not so loosely spaced because of the progressively steeper nature of the land. When rain falls on a valley, it naturally concentrates in the floor throughout the entire length to form a stream. Key - line cultivation puts a barrier across this line of concentration. It drifts the water away from its center of gravity on the vat - CROSSWOR OR PUZZLE 9. Siamese a coins t,�,r 10. Concerning it, Weare away 12, nater 17. Cotton - seeding mach lite 20. walks Unsteadily 22 Branch of theology 24. Answer toe purpose 26 Seed coverings 95, Cereal grass 20 Poem* ACROSS 1 1 Bright yellow bird 7 Had merry 13. Sound of Talo 12. 'nth 16, p'otn' 16. wild asses 19. About ' 15 Insect's egg 21 Apart 22 Prelim Mountain 22 rlandrou of Adana 23 rmmmsse Point ' 26. War god '27 Restrains 29 greet sensitive 31 Ilndeavor 12 Rackets .33, Po anal] team 26 Recover the inside '89. Nina 40. Netherland, commune 42. Scrutinize 43. Being 44. (rep ertine^re 46. }Told -a session 47, And Mal.) 48. Parts of • grain 10. 'French article 61. Withdraw 78, Slave ship 66. Severe critte ,52. Cold dishes' f(nowr7 1, Th ull�ltt 2 Corge 3 That thing 4 Siouan Indian 1 Siberian_ river • 6. Sago ,tres 7..Seandl- naviatts 9 Pee 31 Turkish titles 34. neer frame :13. Net so far 31. tntermisnion 37 'Fastened securely 33. Cones in 41 Ault payment 44. withered 41. Feminine name 42. Set or tools 40 Salt 2. Symbol for tantalum 54 Ola Dominion state (nb.l 7 2 ©9 5 ' .' /.+-•¢ wr E©I1 MERg©Bg- © 9, 9 /0 // /2 IMIIMI ©0 Mn IS 7 16 1111 4 IB 1 ■ ■■■■M 22■■ V. 27 ■■■ga■�i3° ■■ ■ ^Ftui 31 �. % ,/ 32 ii�YE i %. ®1■■■drA" 3o 37 37 38 ■yJ■� ■■43 .47 ■ , 4a ■ ■■■�9' • • v■■ �/�ii O ■ SI ■SP ■■. `fr 1111 55 1111 ga 11111 Answer else elm on this page. O Fashion Hints .. THE PRESIDENT OF THE ASSOCIATION OF CANADIAN COU- TURIERS, has sculptured this stunning bridal gown out of shim- mering snow-white acetate satin. The molded bodice features a decollete edged with pleatedcrystelette. The full length sleeves finish over the hands in a split -petal effect. Bands of the crystelette are woven through the voluminous skirt which which sweeps into a train. col Puts Waves into Hair Is your hair naturally curly? If so, then you are the envy of many women. On the other hand, perhaps you are one of the millions who derive their hair curl by artificial means. Whatever your lot, most w0 - men seem to believe that curled or waved hair is more becom- ing, even though nature might have deemed otherwise. And, of course, hair which has some curl in it offers so much more scope for ringing the changes with re- gard to styles. Women now arrays are perhaps hair -conscious as never before. Doubtless this is influnced by the fact that waves and curls can be induced into hair by arti- ficial means; and cheaply, too, since in its latest machineless form, a permanent wave can be applied at the cost of only a few shillings. These days "permed" hair need not look dry, frizzy and artificial for the first month or so. Thanks to the cold or machineless "perm" it is possible to get a very natural and lasting effect which follows today's trend for waved rather than tightly curled hair. For this admirable aid to gla- mour, women have to thank the sheep. Not many people realize that research on th_e structure of wool fibres'led to the invention of cold permanent waving. This, by the way, came accidentally after some thirty years of scien- tific study on various aspects of wool. This discovery is not so aston- ishing when one is aware that sheep's wool and human hair are chemically almost alike. For that reason, the results of chem- ical research on wool can often be applied to human hair. The sheep, therefore, is an obvious ally of the hair -dresser, for far more money and time are devot- et to research on wool than on human hair. • But how does the cold "perm" work? Both hair and wool have a complex structure. Although there still remains much to xe- plore, the basic principles of the fundatiiental build-up are now established. These fibres are composed of minute particles or molecules. each of which consists of long chains of atoms of a spring-like structure, linked to- gether lengthwise by means of bridges or bonds at intervals. •ley floor, out along the sides, thus ensuring an even distribu- tion, easily absorbed by the soil • and minus any capacity to erode. a * ar NQ special and costly drain- age systems are needed in this distribution pattern. All that is needed is a controlled deep til- lage, parallel to the Keyline, using a chisel plow outfit, which will merge the subsoil horizons, overcome compaction, and al- low air and moisture to pene- trate and release the fertility building materials in the lower depths. * a That Keyline farming pays off, at least under some condi- , tions, is attested by the amazing- ly lush and fertile condition of Nevallan's once worthless and burnt-out acres. In wool this is an asset, for it means that articles of wool cloth- ing will retain their shape and the pile of wool carpeting will spring back after being crushed by feet or furniture. Yet when it comes to curling hair, it is a disadvantage. It is quite easy to twist a strand of hair round your ringer because of the chair -like struc- ture of the fibres. But when you release it, the fibre springs back to its original position. This is due to the resilience of the inter- linked chains. In short, when the hair fibre is curled, the "springs" bend and stretch to accommodate to the new posi- tion. At the same time, strains are set up within the fibre and the chains try to slip past each. other. The bridges, however, stop the chains from sliding. To enable wool or hair to be- come permanently curled, there- fore, it is necessary to break down the bridge structures and allow the chains of atoms to slip past each other; this permits the molecules to rearrange them- selves with the fibre in its new curled form. Working on wool, scientists found that by certain chemical action they could modify or re- move these bridges. This was done not for the sake of perma- nent waving but to explain the basic properties of wool fibre or to try and produce wool with modified properties for special purposes; also because wool is "set" in the finishing of cloth, just as hair is set by the coif- feuse. Scientists proved that a fibre with some of its inter -chain bridges broken could be . bent and stretched much more easily than an untreated fibre. While this process yielded advantage- ous results in wool if applied to human hair it would permit it to curl more easily, but unless the bridges were rebuilt the curled effect would not be last- ing because the hair would be too Limp. ' What the scientists next had to discover was some means of breaking down the bridges fol- lowed by a second treatment to join the chains together again while the hair is still curled. This is exactly what happens during the course of permanent- ly waving hair. 'The hair is soak- ed in a solution technically call- ed ammonium thioglycollate, which oreaks one type of inter- chain bridge known as the di- sulphide bend. Incidentally, thi- oglycollic acid is one of the sub- stances used in research work on the chemical modification of wool. After the bond -breaking solu- tion has had time to act, and the chains have' settled down in their new place, it is necessary to re -unite the chains. A second solution achieves this by slowing down the process of the first solution and rebuilding new bridges, thus forcing the hair to remain in its curled position. The solution is known as a "neutral- izer" iter" and is urns ly,of potassium bromate. More recently, a cold wave process has'been developed using only one solution. The first et - feat' of the solution is to break the bridges as before, but it con - MY SCHOOL LESSON R. Barclay Warren, B.A., B.D, Signs of National Decay Jeremiah 22:1-9, 24-25 Memory Selections: Woe unto him that buildeth his house by unrighteot.sness, and his chamb- ers by wrong; that useth his neighbour's service without wages, and giveth him not for his work. Jeremiah 22:13. Israel, the northern kingdom had been taken captive by the Assyhians. Judah, the southern kingdom showed signs of moral decay. Jeremiah, often called the 'weeping prophets' tried to forestall Judah's destruction. He exhorted the king, "Execute ye judgment and righteousness, and deliver the spoiled out of the hand of the oppressor: and do no work, do no violence to the stranger, the fatherless, nor the widow, neither shed innocent blood in this place." But Jehoia ltim paid no heed. He planned to build himself a wide house in the most luxurious style and compel men to work without wages in carrying his project through. Jeremiah didn't give up• He dictated his message of warning to Baruch, the scribe, who wrote it upon a scroll. Baruch read it in the temple and then to the princess on their request. They were filled with fear and told the king. He ordered one of his scribes to read- it before him. from God in utter contempt. With his penkife he cut off the pieces as they woke read and cast them into the fireplace. But this did not stop God's mes- sage. Jeremiah promptly dictat- ed a second version of it in which he repeated all he had said before and in addition "many like words." The welfare of a nation is not indicated by its national in- come but by its attitude toward God's revelation through the Bible. There are still leaders - and some of them are in the church, who are cutting out those portions of Scripture which o,:fend their taste. Eternal puni- shment and many of the records of miracle are relegated to the fire. But that does not change the truth. We are in danger as a nation of disdaining God's Word. Sun- day if fast becoming a holiday rather than a holy day. Church membership is substituted for membership in the body of Christ by way of the new birth. It may be said that we are "lovers of pleasure rather than lovers of God," tains a second chemical which, in co-operation with the oxygen of the air, re -unites the chains after the first action has been completed. Thus, whether you use a one -solution or a two -solu- tion technique, your hair is fin- ally restored to its original chemical state, except that it now has a permanent wave. It is of interest that the action of heat and moisture in the or- dinary permanent waving pro- cess is thought to be similar to the action of the chemicals in the cold wave process. In the older type of permanent wave, the hair is moistened and heat is applied. The steam thus gene- rated has a breaking and re -seal- ing action on some of the inter - chair bridges rather like the cold wave. Incidentally, there is a similarity between these steam treatmens atnd ones used in blow- Hints For Swimmers The swimming season is new in full swing and thus the im• portant point of water safety arises. Here is a list of rule* which will help you avoid dang- erous accidents in and around the water, writes Lloyd Perci- val, famous Canadian sportut coach and authority. The best way to avoid water accidents is to avoid the things that cause these accidents. 1. Never let your pals kid ole dare you into trying to swims farther or dive from a greater height than you are used to. « * a 2. Always make sure you swims wherepeople can see or heat you. Then, if you do get intp trouble, there will be someone around to help you out. * « « 3. No matter how strong e swimmer you are, you should never go for a long swim, unlesta you are accompanied by some- one in a boat who is capable of pulling you to safety, if you get into trouble. a « b 4. Neves' dive into water that you don't know all about. Go its without diving and sink feet first to make your investigation. 4 a * 5. Take a tip and swim along the shore. Don't go out into deep water and then turn to coma back. It's just as much fun and it's a hundred per cent safer, * 6, Never laugh and avoid chewing gum when in deep water- you may swallow water accidentally and start to choke. 7. If you like boating, learn to swim first. Never go out alone in a small boat if you can't swim. If children are in the bog( or non -swimmers make sure you take along life* preservers. « a 8. When using water wings or inner tubes, etc., if you can't swim, don't play in water out of your depth. a « a 9. Make sure you go into the water slowly, taking a complete ducking or two before you de any swimming. * a « 10. If you want to change seate in a boat pull in to shore and change there. ing and decatizing wool cloth -to process which allows steam through wool fabrics to take the curliness from the yarn. In addition to heaping to feed and clothe us, and providing lanolin, the basis Of many eec- meties, the sheep is the basica means by which scientists havto developed a method of gibing every woman curly hair -if she wants it. Caption One of the latest creations of Vasco of London, this attractive hairstyle is very suitable for hair permanently waved by the cold or machineless method. Upsidedown to Prevent Peeking COOL IDEAS FOR BABY - Comfort spells "fashion" for the nursery crowd. Little lady at left models a combed chambray sunsuit in aqua with white stripes. Billowing bloomers and solid -color top fit without slipping. At, right, the man of the house sports a collar -and -tie effect on his dacron shill; blue - striped pants fasten with grippers, are plastic lined. ©MINEN ©i ®ir ©ON©' ©©©UD ©©®0D©, ©WEMEE® ©E©O©i ©D0 E©I1 MERg©Bg- © ©0 '©MU mIEM it ME PEORT ©Ei ©' :•©SWE 00 ©© 0 3 11 ®D ©L ©Illi(`,•''' ©EENU©©G MOB Ma] ©0 Mn COOL IDEAS FOR BABY - Comfort spells "fashion" for the nursery crowd. Little lady at left models a combed chambray sunsuit in aqua with white stripes. Billowing bloomers and solid -color top fit without slipping. At, right, the man of the house sports a collar -and -tie effect on his dacron shill; blue - striped pants fasten with grippers, are plastic lined.