The Seaforth News, 1925-01-29, Page 7Andress communications to Agronomist, 73 Adelaide St. West, Toronto
HARVESTING THE ICE CROP.
The ice crop is the only one the loading a relatively easy task. Let
farmer harvests that does not rob his the ropes extend across the load from
soil of fertility and, considering the the tramway; hitch a horse to it and
advantages- of .a good home supply of drag the blocks from the water onto
ice, no improvement is more satis-'the load,
factory than a good stock of ice. I The third gang of men should be at
"laeep cool" is exceptionally good the ice house to place each load in'po-
.sice :to the politieal spellbinder; it'sition and pack, sadwust around it as
ams even better to the farm family on rapidly as possible. Eight men with
hot summer days when the glass reg- - three teams can work rapidly in har-
isters around ninety in the shade and vestileg a crop of .ice by this co-oper-
the folks wish to preservefruit and ative method..
vegetables, and when cool drinks are, Where the ice is not quite thick
so delicious. Then there is the milk enough. to `meet the need the snow
and cream to be cooled and kept cold should be scraped off the surface the
until ready for "market. t day before the cutting,is started, if
Eighty per cent.. of the dairy +indications are that the night will be
g Aral severely cold, The snow acts as an
ducts of' the farm require artificial .
q insulation and retards freezing, and
cooling beforeuse,
they are ready for mar- when it is removed not only is the
let or home use while thirtyper cent.
of the value of dairy products is lost 'entire mass of ice better frozen, but a
w inches in thickness is added.
through the failure or inability tocool few
small p
ponds the snow'may be
egnick\t to a low temperature, Abun-I removed to the shore, but on large
Tdant testimony can begiven by thefields, .especially if - the snow is deep,'
manager c ofthe , as want, cheese. foe- it is ion raeticable to scrape the snow
tory or creamery, as well as buyers of P
cream and eggs. entirely off the field. It becomes neces
ace on the farm is not a luxus It eary,'therefore, to pile it in windrows.
y' laser Tag OAKES UNIFORM.
is •a money saver and at the same After the snow is off the field is
time adds to the comfort of the living ready to be marked for rutting. The
during at least three months of the marking must • be done carefully so
year. Six months is a long time to that all cakes will be rectangular,
leek ahead, and these winter days do which aids in economical handling and
not suggest the added heat of June, packing in the icehouse. If the proper
July and August. But now is the time start is made in marking off the ice
to "can next summer's cold." field no trouble will be experienced,
When Jack Frost snaps a way' in but if not, subsequent cuttings will be
January or February, it's a sign for difficult.
the farmers to prepare for next sum- Success in marking depends largely
mar's heat and the ice season is at on getting the first line straight,
hand. There is no crop that is pro- which may be done by placing a stake
duced so cheaply and brings higher at each end ofthe proposed line to
returns than the ice crop. Instead of serve as a guide.
depleting the pocketbook it enriches - A straight -edge, consisting of an
the farmer and makes life more at- ordinary board about fourteen feet
tractive to his family, because ft sup long, . is then aligned with the two
plies a wider variety of high-grade stakes and the cutting tool or hand
foods in summer, plow run along its edge, sifter which
Co-operation in ice harvesting is the board is pushed forward and
more important perhaps, than the again aligned with the stakes. This
common community get-together at is continued until the entire distance
threshing time., Ras best that the ice between the stakes has been covered.
be cut out and hauled to the storage Another way is to stretch a line be -
,%house as anon as possible to permit
the ice to form while it is yet cold,
and of preventing waste if freezing
weather is passing. Then, too, the
Work can he done mndh more efficient-
ly . when there are enough men and
teams to do all the operations at the
same time.
To harvest toe efficiently a few ice
tools will be needed. A steel scraper
is desirable; sometypes of road scrap- be made. Care should be taken to
tween the stakes and do the marking
with a hand -plow, though 'this is not
so satisfactory, as the hand -plow can
not be operated in so straight a
with the board. After the first line
has been cut it can be used as a guide
for the horse marker, if -this imple-
ment is used,
After the ice field has been lined of
in one direction, the cross -lines should
•e`a can be used for this work, ora have these at right angles to those'
very good home-made scraper may be first drawn, which is accomplished by
fashioned of wood and faced with an use of a square. A suitable square
old crosscut saw.' An ice -plow is al- may be made easily by first nailing
most essential if any groat quantity the ends of two boards together with
of ice is to be harvested. This faotli- a single nail. Measure a distance of
tates the removalof the porous sur- eight feet on the outer edge of one
face ice and greatly simplifies cutting board and six feet on the outer edge take away the trees and the place, if
into blocks.. Half a dozen: pike poles,;of the other board, then nail a third up dwellings for sale to set out some looked at at all, would be regarded
bearing vertical points. and horizontal board: diagonally across the two, ad -
hooks, are needed In- floating the ice jesting it until the two marks are ex-
, to the loading platform. An ice saw actly ten feet apart on a straight line.
may be useful or an ordinary crosscut Nail the boards together- securely,
saw, may be used by removing one forming the desired square. If the a purchaser. One does not require a
handle. first cross is drawn with care it is' very vivid imagination to realize the
Ice cutting is best. conducted by easy to draw the remaining linesrvalue of this practice. A fine Iooking
throe squads of men, each with a parallel. house that is completed and the grad -
team. The first squad removes the HOW TO ESTIMATE QUANTITY NEEDED, ing only commenced is much less at -
snow or spongy ice from the surface To calculate the amount of ice need- tractive than another of similar type facturing plants and warehouses are
of the field and plows, saws and cute ed on a dairy farm, take the number presenting a grassy lawn and founda- being requested to join the movement
the ice into blocks of a size most con. of cows kept as a basis. If the aver- tion shrubbery set out with judgment. by cleaning up their properties facing
venient to handle. if the ice is more age cow produces 8;600 pounds of 8.71A very slight planting adds an air the railways and by maldng them as
than twelve inches thick blocks two per Cent. milk per year, which is equal' of. mellowness and links the dwelling attractive as possible. Plots of shrub -
feet square on the surface would be to 481 pounds of thirty : per cent.( with its surroundings. It makes it berg and beautiful lawns are being
DAIRY
The dairyman who pians to`bave
his cows freshen during thefall -and'
early, winter months finds himself eon-;
fronted with the problem of.• stabling
a number of young calves. The coon
mon practice among dairymen is to
stable a number of calves in one pen,
stanchioning while feeding, and turn-
ing; them loose for exercise. I have
never been very successful in rearing
a number, ote calves together. They,
contract bad habits that not only im-',
pairs their growth, but gives trouble
later in life. • I
Young calves eleould be given the
best of care. They should not be bunt-
ed and jostled around. I find it a good.
way to provide small pens' about four
by six feet to'keep the calves in for
the., ,first .few weeks. These pens are
made of` light panels and can be very
easily put up and taken down., Each
pen has a email feed box and rack for
feeding,
`Too' much stress cannot be placed
upon „the importance of having light,
dry„ well ventilated • quarters for
young calves., Damp, poorly -lighted
quarters are productive of many of
the troubles attacking young•, calves,
and' causes heavy - losses. Plenty of
bedding, I find, helps to keep the pens
dry ' and comfortable. Frequently
cleaning of the pens is necessary, and,
in case of -bad odor, the use of pow-
dered lime keeps the pen clean and
sweet.
For: the first few' weeks during the
whiter months, I like to keep the
calves in.a warm part of the stable.
Young calves are tender and sensitive
to sudden weather changes. Later, as
the calves get older, :they will stand
considerable cold if 'the Pens are kept
clean and dry. Give the young calves
'plenty of exercise.
Well -Earned Rest.
Qua day.a .farmer went to the coun-
try fair and his hard-working wife re-
mained at home to see that the farm
suffered no loss during his absence. He
returned about dark, and coming out
on the porch he inquired:
"I'm about tired; out, Mary. Is the
cows in the barn?"
"Yes, long since," replied: the wife.
"Is the bosses unharnessed an' fed?"
"Yes."
"Fowls locked up?"
"Yes."
"Wood chopped fes morels'?"
"Irk,,.
"Be them ducks plucked an' dressed
fes market?"
„Ir63 n
"Wagon wheel mended an' ready to
start in hauling wood to -morrow morn-
ing?"
"Yes."
"Well; then,"'he concluded, with a
sigh of relief, "let me have my supper,
Mary, and I'll turn in. Fannin' is
beginnin' to tell on me."
The wrong variety of soy -beans
may get in wrong with the crop,
This 'is the latest : study oft Capt.
Anton Flettner,- inventor of the "new
saillese boat, which has became the
centre of attention in all engineering'
I circles on the continent and in Ameri-
Oa.
Something Good Coming.
Of the forty leading varieties of
winter wheat under test in each of
the past five years the six kinds which
gave the highest average yields per
acre were all produced at the College
by cross fertilization and selection,
some ofv which have' not yet been dis-
tributed throughout Ontario.
Of the fifty-two varieties of winter
wheat grown under test in the past
year the thirteen (18) highest yielders
acre were' all produced at the O.A,C.
!through 'hybridization and selection
with but two exceptions, namely, Daw-
sons Golden ,Chaff which came fourth
and Red Rock which came tenth.
Sports in Their Proper Place.
College (dead—"And sports, have
their proper place In our'curriculum,
Student's Dad—"Glad to hear it—
glad to know my boy will have some
chance to study, you know." •
The dairyman should ever keep in
mind these facts: That the ration
with a wide nutritive ratio has a ten-
dency to put on fat, while one with a
narrow, nutritive ratio tends to pro-
mote milk 'production.
gam Education
'The Child's.First School is tits .Felnlly"-Proebr6"
Profitable Fussing --By Mary S. Stoner.
A successful primary teacher of my
acquaintance is an advocate of close
supervision: in both work and play, so
she sharply criticized the methods of
a certain new -style private school.
While visiting there she found one
child fussing by herself with various
boxes and other objects, on a small
table.
"What are you, doing?" she asked,
The child tossed her curls and replied
in a fretful tone, "I don't know what
I'm doing." '
The visitor regarded this as strong
evidence against the school and
against every other planned along the
lines of incidental education, To me,
the happening by itself was not con-
clusive. Surely : it isn't well to get
children in the way of aimless work,
play or idling, yet why shouldn't they
fuss away sometimes, even irritably
and resentfully, without knowing
what will come of their efforts? All
worthy creative workers have gone
through hour 'after hour of such me-
'periences.
Often, even as children, these future
artisans and artists had a.definite
goal in' mind but would have hesitated
'to disclose it for fear of ridicule. At
other times their manipulations were
purely experimental; the sum total of
profit to be shown—wand perhaps shown
only years afterward— was:mastery
of the tools of thought and hand. All
children need to spend much time just
getting acquainted with. things.
Rightly circumstanced boys and
girls will do enough of this outside;
bet how few in this.age are rightly
circumstanced for' normal childish de -
)a,
Two years ego Cana
first ambitious attempt
elaborate winter fair 'in, he
main, the city of'Toronto being
selected location, Spontaneously '-
blossomed
blossomed forth as an agricultural
event of the first importance, adleiev:
I ing immediately that national ane
international character 'desired, and
attaining at birth a rank which platen
it to the fore among similar events tee
the continent.
The first holding was declared, in
size and importance, to be a "runner-
up" to. the Chicago International
Show in many respects. it was the
finest •and most striking of tributes
to the international standing of Can-
ada's
an
ada's first industry of.agriculture.
The two events which have taken
place since that time have but served
to enhance the prestige of the Royal
IWinter Fair. The 1924 show was
larger and better than ever, the en.
tries being'more numerous, and of a
superior class, and the. entire exhibi-
tion being yet more representative of
the supreme in Canadian agriculture.
The international character.of the
show was more pronounced than in.
former years, and the Royal Winter
Fair •asserts its position more zealous-
ly and with greater justification as n
rival of the great annual show"at
Chicago,
It is most representative, in every
way, of Canadian agriculture in its
breadth of production and supremacy
of quality, There are no limits as to
classes, but all. Canadian agriculture,
in its minutest and most remote phase,
is represented there. Staged' on a few
acres is the entire. range of Canada's
first activity, the gamut of production
being epitomized in the best products.
No event has so successfully concen-
trated Canadian 'agriculture and -yet.
comprehensively disclosed its ehiher-
ateness. "
BEST r,IVESTOCE ENTERED,
The livestock showing in 1924 was
undoubtedly the greatest ever made in
Canada, comprising as it did a light
horse show declared comparable to the
Madison Square Garden event at New
York and an array of dairy cattle
which surpassed that of'the great
National Dairy Show. All the possi-
bilities of the horse were exhausted
in the arena, whilst it is merely suf-
jicient to say that the dairy classes
were representative'of the Dominion
without taking into account- entries
from all parts of the , United States,
The same was. true of sheep' and swine
and the varied products of these class
es of livestock.
There were 'draught horse entries
from all over Canada and the United
States, and 1,860 entries in the saddle
acid harness classes. Eight hundred
head of dairy cattle vied be competi-
tion, whilst the poultry exhibit,. with_
nearly 9,000 entries, was declared to
be the largest and best ever brought
together under one roof on • the Am-
erican continent, The fox exhibit, tie
representing what is coming to: be a
major Canadian industry, was large,.
the exhibit of silver -blacks, at the fair
having a purchase value of nearly
half a million dollars, 'A revelation
was the flower exhibit, disclosing the
wide possibilities, of Canadian produc-
tion in this connection. Fruit, birds
and fishes, dairy products, and all
other agricultural products testified to
the high excellence of Canadian pro-
duction,
There has never been any doubt as
to the success of the Royal Winter
Fair since it first blossomed. The
passing years merely serve to inceunao
its importance as an international
event. It is the clearest indication of
the supreme importance of Canadian
agriculture and the superior standard
of production that, at a single bound,
the Dominion can stage an event of
this kind which challenges interna-
tional interest.
velopment! Literally millions have
no 'suitable home play apace and play-
things; many. (rich, poor and middle
class) have their hours too crowded
with other things to allow•for develop,
ing individually 'outside of school,
They must have their chance there or
nowhere.
Directed play and study have their
place, but are they not given too large
a pl-.ce in the lives of most twentieth
century children? That means too lit-
tle margin for the experimenting, the
observation •and first hand thought,
the self -exploration and independent
actions which are basic -elements of all
true education.
"Do something; don't idle!" was the
frequent injunction of the mother of
a famous son. This was good counsel,
yet how often a child might fail to
know that he or she was truly."doing
something," •when engrossed' in a very
worth while way!
We have a homely word to describe
such employment of one's time. It is
"fussing." "I've been fussing over
that for a long while," says the suc-
cessful inventor, the author, the scien-
tific investigator, the statesman, Co
explain results over which we exclaim
with pleasure and respect.
What valuable creative work, or ex-
ecutive work of the higher types,
,
is ever performed by indiyiduals o
never spent long hours concerning
which they must honestly say that
they didn't know then what they were
doing? Failure is often the road to
success, and the habit of patient fuss-
ing is a profitable one for every child
to form.
••••••44.4444444444•4444014 .41.4444•44•444440
Triangle Experiments—O-12-'
i.
I
4—Best Yield and Largest
Profit.
This is the name applied to the Eosin
of experiments that the Chemistry
Dept. of the 0. A. College have been
using to ascertain the needs of certain
soils for certain crops. The plots are
not triangle but the name refers to
the arrangement of the quantities. of
the three fertilizer constituents which
are used on the different plots. The
experiment as conducted on six farms
growing potatoes in Rent, five in Wel-
lington, and
el-lington,'and four in Middlesex, called
for twenty-one plots, giving twenty-
one different arrangements of the
three fertilizer constituents. One of
the most important points that was
demonstrated by: means of these plots
throughout the season of 1922 'and
1928 eves that where clover was plow-
ed down and some manure used in pre-
paring ground for potatoes, no in-
crease in yield was obtained from
added nitrogen. Phosphoric acid in
the form o#'acid phosphate always has
a decided influence on the yield. The
FINANCIALresults of .the first two year's' "Peri -
It
VALUE OF FLORAL DECORATION
It has become the practice of house glimpse of such a home seen among
builders in some cities who have put the trees. Strip away the vines or
f -
shrubs and get them growing before with disfavor.
putting their property on the market. In the city of Toronto the apprecia-
Even a small amount of preliminary tion of horticultural ornamentation is
planting makes it much easier to find stirring some of the realtors of the
city to action. It is announced that a,
campaign has been started to make
more attractive the approaches to the
city.. The routes by. rail are to be
looked after first. Owners of menu -
most convenient; if it is thinner than; cream, it will require 491 times 1.18 appear to be at home and peaceful on planned by the realtors, and it is ex-.
this, blocks_threefeet square can bel pounds, or about 500 pounds of ice, tol its site, which will often attract a petted that in a few years the ap-
packed conveniently into the house.' cool the cream produced by each cow buyer that would otherwise make a preaches to Toronto will be of such a
But thick ice should be cut in proper: and keep it in good, sweet condition further search for his prospective character as to make a fine impression
blocks so as not to call forundue until delivered to market. In addition home. Ion the minds of the many thousands
lifting. it is best to store 500 pounds addition- The speculative builder who does of visitors to the capital city of then
The second squad of men cut looser al ice, or a total of 1,000 pounds per! planting does not do so from the good -province each year:
the blocks and float them to the side' •cow ' . This is sufficient to cool the ness of his heart or because of his The city of St. Thomas, by working
of the- open water where they are' cream. needed for household uses and eethetic sense. The few dollars,healong these lines through the instru-
ready to be loaded on the sleigh_: or: allow for reasonable waste. There -1 invests return , to him not only tire' mentality. of the Hort cultural Society,
wagon. Here a tramway with a pair fore, the twenty -cow dairy should have quicker sale of his house but a sub -'has worked a rev .cation not only in.
of hooks attached to a rope will make 100 tons of ice stored. stantial profit on the investment, \the appearance of the town but in the
In touring through the country one1 pride of the citizens in their streets
of several years' work on this ques- may go into raptures over a romantic , and homes.
tion: vine -covered cottage or theentrancing —Canadian Horticultural Council.
-' POULTRY
How to determine by an external
examination'whether'or not an egg is
fertile and, if hatched, what the sex of
the chick will be, has been the subject
of a' great deal of speculation,
Aa a matter of fact, the "sure meth-
ods" that have, been circulated from
time to time are unsupported by ex- 2. A temperature of 101 deg. Fe
perimental evidence'and are practical- throughout the period of incubation
ly worthless,
One of the more common beliefs is
Lit long, narrow eggs will hatch only
reale chicks, whereas short, round
eggs will in most oases . produce fe-
1. The optimum temperature for — _.. _ .- -----
the incubation of hens' eggs was be-
tween 100 and 108 deg. F., measured
by standing thermometers in a . hot.
air -type incubator, with the centre of
the bulb one end a half inches above
the egg tray. I
measured with a standing thee -mo -1'
meter, gave the best hatching results.!
3. The optimum temperature for
the incubation of white and brown I
eggs was the same.
males. Experimental observation in- 4. White eggs usually pipped' and,
dicates that in the long run both sorts hatched a ,few hours earlier than
of eggs produce about 60 per cent.. of brown eggs at the same temperature.
each sox. ' 5. Temperatures below the optimum
Similarly the position of the air cell tended to delay the hatch and gave a
is of no.value in determining the Sex large number of undesirable chicks.
of the chick that will hatch from an G. Temperatures above the optimum
egg. Other theories workout rill just brought the hatch off earlier, but gave
about the same way. One will do best a greater number of undesirable chicks
to plan on 50 per cent. in -ales and 50 than optimuni:oi• lower than, optimum
per cent, females, although in some temperatures, • • •
seasons` the actual results may vary 7. Standing thermometers with the
rite a bit from. this equal division of middle' of the bulb one and a half
to sexes. inches above the egg tray and near to
One of the snort important consul- but not touching the eggs gave the
orations in the successful operation of most dependable temperature for in- eseeaa
i •cubatiou, incubator that of maintaining a _____a—___ Thi"s new life saving apparatus is so constructed that the person inside
correct- temperature throughout the
Can float ou the' water and still have excellent shelter, It Is equipped with
incubation period. Fallowin are sonic Hard work is the ,best :oast with- t
of the conlusions reached as a result which to raisedough,". ' a small apertwe to permit fire firing of a pistol, to attract attention:
mental work all point to the fact that
a fertilizer mixture of 0-12-4 type was
most likely to give the best yield of
potatoes and largest profit.
This, year a little nitrogen in the
fertilizer mixture gave paying results.
This was probably due to the wet sea-
son which kept the ground cold and
delayed nitrification, thus nicking the
added nitrogen especially useful. The
results of the three years' experiments
bring out very clearly the possibility
of grooving sufficient nitrogen into the
ground to make the use of added nitro-
gen unnecessary for the potato crop
in most seasons. It has also been
shown that acid phosphate is •essential
for economical returns.
Triangle, experiments are also being
conducted co-operatively with bean
growers, sugar -beet growers, celery
and onion growers.
Corn Versus Sunflowers
for Silage.
Where corn does well it proves a
more profitable crop than sunflowers
for silage purposes. Not only do the
sunflowers give a smaller crop yield
but the crop is more difficult and ex-
:o handle, besides this the
quality of the silage is not quite as
satisfactory. It is in the colder parts
of Canada, where corn does not thrive
well, that sunflowers find a place. ..
The Dominion Field Husbandman in
his report for 1928 gives the yield of
sunflowers at the Central Experiment-
al Farm as 20 tons to the acre, while
the corn yielded about three-quarters
of a ton less. In dry matter, however,
which is a truer index of the value of
a fodder crop, corn gave -almost a ton
more. Both the sunflowers and corn
were planted with the grain drill in
rows 42 inches apart. In harvesting
the crop the sunflowers were not so
easily handled with the corn binder
and gave greater difficulty in hauling
and putting through the cutter. Sun-
flower silage, owing to the large am-
ount of, moisture' it contains, freezes
much. ore readily than corn in the
silo. This latter difficulty may, how-
ever, be reduced, states the, report, by
allowing the sunflowers to wilt foe a
time in the field before hauling to the
silage cutter.
Sonic men never'think to see if they
need gasotno until the car won't go
any more,,
Many women succeed in the, care, of
poultry under adverse conditions that
would cause men to quit in disgust: ..
Brains as well as feed are import-
ant factors ui poultry .culture. There
must not be a shortage of 'either.
•
THE CHILDREN'S
HOUR
THE DAIRYMAN OF PASS -
A -GRILLE.'
Nestling in the blue waters of the
Gulf of Mexico, a few miles off the
southwest coast of Florida, there is a
"little bit of Heaven" in the shape of
an islandknown as Pass -a -Grille, and
it is here that Silas Dent, the dairy -1
man, better known, however, as the
"Hernvit of Pass -a -Grille," lives with
his twenty-two cows, his horse, his
dog, and a few chickens.
His dairy is two and a half miles
from the little townwhich has its be-
ing on the south end of the island,' and
twice a day Silas makes the round
trip of five miles down the beach and
back in his wagon drawn by "Charlie,"
old _and faithful. Every one of his
cows and their calves are pals of
Silas; each has a name which he, or
she knows; and to which each gladly
responds. One calf is called "Jessa-
mine," a little Jersey who accompan,
les her owner on his delivery rounds,
riding in the wagon like a dog.
It is by no means unusual to find
Silas seated under is palm -tree with a
calf in his lap, tenderly stroking it or
scratching its head. It seems to be a
source of sorrow to both when the
calf outgrows the lap. Another sad
event is when a calf inadvertently
chances to be a male, and must go to
the butcher. On these occasions Silas
is invariably pensive for several days
preceding and following the transfer.
The friendly relations between man
and cows and the utter lack of fear on
the part of the cows, may have some.
thing -'a great deal, in fact—to. do
with the quality and output of the
milk. While not Insisting that every
dairyman shall rock his calves to sleep
in his arms, would it not be a good,
idea if more consideration were shown,
all cattle, in fact all animals?
Turkey Meat Healthful.
Scientists claim that turkey meat
has a much larger percentage of pro-
tein, or flesh -forming food, than beef.
It is more easily digested, because the
fibre is shorter and yields more read-
ily to the digestive process. Beef con-
tains a high percentage of extractive
matter which is nearly entirely lack.
ing in turkey.
Turkey diet is considered especially
beneficial to persons troubled with
acidity of the stomach, a condition
often caused by an excessive beef diet.
There are the same nutritive qualities
in turkey meat as in beef. Beef stim-
ulates the acid secretions of the stom-
ach, and if there is an excess of acid,
turkey counteracts the effects,
"Has George decided on your pre-
sent,yet?"
"Tet—and my future."
Tile.ejsdngi'el is.• a•haphazard cQ�ti1-
binatione neither elle thingg nor, the
other'''It is -'it 'weeds on the •: oul
P3
fiv"r'm
i ra
The Guild of Vintners.
The new Lord Mayor of London, Sir
Alfred Bower, belongs to the Worship -
fel Company of Vintners, one of the
twelve City Guilds. One creed not
make two guesses as to the meaning
of Vintner, although to -day the name
Is not used very frequently in common
speech.
The Vintners are the eleventh coon•
pany in order of procedure, the firs
three being the Mercers, Grooere, and
Drapers respectively. The larges)
Livery is the Haberdsliers, but the
'Wealthiest in the Mercers, with an an-
nual income exceeding '500,000.
The Vintners' 'were formerly divided
into two classes. The Vineterii im-
ported wine and the Tabernaril kept
taverns, hors, and cook=houses, In the
thirteenth century "early closing" was
in farce, no traverner beln'g allowed
to keep his doer open after curfew" -
ring under a penalty of hail a mark,
Moreover, all mietomete were ailoct'ed
wine drawn from the cask—hence the '
old notice still to, be seen in London:
"Wines from the Wood." It was 'an
offense for a taverner to hang ki cloth
Or a portiere ,before thodoor or hies
cellar. ••
This City Company's hail atte des.
troyed by the Great Fire, but tee Mas-
ter's Chair was saved and may still be
seen in the'Vintry In Themes Street.
The Vintners also still 1reservs
their State funeral peal made of cloth
of gold, with purple velvet pile. Only
five oth . companies have ps'es.wved
theirP, e .
,q
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