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HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe Seaforth News, 1924-12-25, Page 3t / Address communications to Agronomist; 73. Adelaide St. West, Toronta SHAPING THE YOUNG APPLE develop sire branches, and attention TREE. must be, given to the elimination of i' .• The directing of the growth duringsome of these, so that too many scaf-' the early years ,of the apple tree is of Fold branches maynot be formed. The Particular importance. The ideal tree whole aim should be to build up a P framework that will carry large crops is probably that, which has the first i of fruit and at the same time not have branches: about , inches from the an over -abundance of large branches. ground, and the ffve m• six ..branches which form _ the frame of the tree SELECTING --BREEDERS FOR spaced larly -, es far apart as possible. EGG PRODUCTION. Particularly -desirable is it to remove the nextto the last branch' at the As the time approaches when the top, which; if ieft,, will produce a weals breeding pens will have to be mated top because of the forked crotch Ione - ed with the top limb. it becomes necessary to give careful attention' to this, the most important Heading back at planting time is work of :the season. necessary ,to balance the loss of. roots The shale selected should be one cut off by digging: Tests made at who is the son not only of a high lay- tvine how .an average growth of ing . hen, but of. a hen having the 1{en s g ewer to transmit the quality, to her 4.82 inches the first year :and 20 inch- Pau 'titers. transmit after oarefnl study es the second Year, where newly plant g • ed is `use ed trees had 'three-quarters of their a records, it has been decided Ilse - growth removed, whereas similar• a male from a certaindam, the next trees not headed bash made a -growth Point is selection of a promising Speci- of one inch the first year and 2.4 men. Try to maintain size in the flock` inches the second year. by choosing a bird as near standard weight as possible. More important Strong .growth branches should be still however, is it to select a bird suppressed by heading basic and weak with constitutional vigor—one with branches not pruned ,at all. If the a broad back and with the width car -- whole tree 'ie weak, a severe heading ried: well back to the tail, and having back in the spring will throw greater also a good depth of body. The head— vigor ,into the remaining buds, aed: and this is most important, because . thus bring about a more vigorous des the vigor .of thebirdis expressed in erskopment. But, if there are weak his head and eye—should be clean-cut, free from coarseness, and with the face clear of wrinkles .The eye should be prominent and plercirg. To such a male mate ,he remade number of females. This will depend on the breed and the conditions under which the birds are be.nit. kept, For branches on, one side of a tree and strong ones on the other, the reduc- tion of the leaf area on the weak branches will tend further to weaken these Branches be -Cause of the strong er sap flow toward the greater foliage area. Obviously, therefore, a reduc- tion a s foliage area on the strong 'American 'breeds such as the Ply - branches will lessen this tendency and mouth Rock or 'Wyandotte from ten to throw more grew% toward the weals- twelve will make a satisfactory pen.. er branches: For Mediterraneanbreeds, such as The central branch should be allow- the Leghorn, •about fifteen females ed to maintain the. lead, not however, may be used; but in all cases where for the purpose of forming a pyre- the breeders have free range a larger midst tree with a central leader, but timelier of females rimy be used. that from it several well -spaced scaf- Pearling hens make ideal breeders, fold limbs' may be developed, thus but older hens or well .developed pul- ioi7ning,a more desirable type of tree lets will also give excellent results. than if the scaffold branches are de- In selecting these birds also keep con veloped on side limbs only. After a stitutional vigor in mind. Select those few good scaffold branches are formed • birds having capacity, as evinced, ht on .this central leader, further ten- long, broad and deep bodies. Fre deny toward a pyramidal for with 'quently a bird may be deficient in one central leader extending high into the of these dimensions, i.e,,, it" may be air and having many branches radiat- a little short in the, back; but if it is ing from it should be checked,, the broad and carries the width well to 'aim being to form a tree combining the tail; and shows a good depth, it ,the desirable features of the moderate may make up in extra breadth and pyramidal form and eliminating the depth what it lacks in length. undesirable open -centre type of tree: Here, again, as in the male, the head To balance the tree, the heading is most important. The clean-cut face back of :'strong growing branches is and prominent piercing eye are the necessary: This heading back tends to marks of vigor and productiveness. The 'river cow" is the popular name given to this mammal, after the order of whales, which inhabits the Amason River and its tributaries:, It is the largest fresh water fish in the world and weighs over 200 pounds when fully grown, ' APPLE GROWING IN CANADA BY J. B. SPENCER, B.S.A. considerable quantity of each year's crop exported. However, there` still remains good orchard lands untouch- ed. The now famous McIntosh Red apple, which for the second time in successive years has been declared the finest dessert' apple in the British Empirefi was first produced on the farm of the late John McIntosh at mem* area, so great in fact that '_if it Iroquois. were planted to apple trees the pro- Apple growing in British Columbia duct would be sufficient t0 supply the was only begun in comparatively re- cent years but the development, of commercial orcharding has been very rapid, the greatest planting taking place between the years 1909 and 1914. The most doted district is that of the Okanagan valley ,where some of the bestorchards in the province and in the Dominion are to- be found. In Prince Edward Island the cul- ture,of apples: has not developed as rapidly as the climate and soil would justify. Owing to the comparatively cool summer and autumn which causes slow ripening, the fruit keeps Fruit growing has become one .of the chief industries in Canada and by far the most important species, pro- duced fa the apple. This is due no doubt to the fact that the Dominion produces the best flavored, most high- ly colored, and longest keeping apples. The apple may be grown successfully in commercial quantities over an im- INDOOR TOILET FOR THE FARM HOME BY P. C. GROSS. Home. Education : -7he child's Fust *close! ie t!N Firallyi'--Ffeeh•V Persistent Misbehavior • in Small Children BY ZAHRAH' E. PREBLE. The great Chinese philosopher Con- might be wise first:. to ieveetigate fucius says: "I am not concerned at your own attitude toward, him. : Do not being ]mown; T seek to be worthy) You expect too much of him, or do you to be known! - - I neglect to give due praise and atten The reverse is often the case with tion to the l'ittle,iesee which"to him. children;: and at the bottom of much are quite 'vital? ' Judieloue praise is misbehavior. ` They are so mightily; like water to a' flower; ,it makes the concerned ;about being known and no- plant bloom more beautifully.' ticedthat.this reetdesire.niotivatesl ;That desire to be superior ,ll done, to be mgiven praise ter good deeds we g any of their actions, both desirable is not one 'to.lee destroyed. If directed and undesirable. If one ,wants to rightly, .it causes that part" of the understand a child and his. motives, Chinese proverb, "I seek to be worthy a'little knowledge of how his sub tobe kirown" to become the driving conscious mind directs his actions will) force. A' child soon recognizes that lead to a correction of the undesirablewhttl fo can command the attention he. actions which melte a child what we craves by being good instead of bad, term 'bad or `:naughty, or lis if the agents -wail alway notice and obedient" speak: of h, q and The feeling of being elighted is actions instead of his faults and mis- easily and, subtly 'developed after the behavior. But how often do you enter' age• of four and sometimes even a home and hear someone Baying, younger when other children aixive.n oyou' are a bad, naughty child!" And the family. Up to that time he usual - tion is repeated con f the fa dl laps that sue sw n.,sa7a+ A Social Experiment ". At no time le the histoev +rf world hue there been more interee rethe. matter o e'ffici,ene of publidr and private enterprises than that taken in the social experinient centres ing in Russia,- There an attempt tei direct th,eruse of weafth through pub-, lie agencies has been and is being tried upon:t nation-wide basis. ' In industrial production, thie at- tempt is well , nationalized. More than ninety-five per cent: of RuesiaSS industrial 'output le from plants in the hands of the government, But in agriculture, quite the opposite is true; The peasants hold the land, operate it and •sell the products according to their own discretion. The real test between public and private efficiency, however, can be seen in the distribution of the pro- ducts of farm and factory. Here the government agencies come in direct contact with private initiative. ''" It was not the intention of the gov- ernment to permit private traders" to $ge become a factor in the merchandising'' dy; is the centre„ o m y P tinua'11y, during, the years that follow, because of his infantile state. Then rmtil the rowing, thinking child be- of Russian goods; The government ' that constant attention is gradually gins to aet out the sub -conscious slug- had -powerful means at hand which relaxed and the child finds himself officials believed would' , snake it int, ` stions iven to it removed and its contents emptied and then returned to the closet and re- charged with the chemical -water mix- ture. The contents, when removed, need not beburied, as there is no odor. The chemical takes care of that. The success of the chemical toilet heirs neglected If a new baby has, There are problems which exhaust Possible: fox .private• enterprises to come there is a sense of being pushed the atience of both parents and child successfully compete: First, it could out of the centre of the picture, and -when he latter will not mind: or shape legislation to the advantage of he resolves, quite sub-consciously,to insists upon doing something he should state-controlled distribution; it cone become reinstated in that desirable not do. These roblems cannot be trolled practically the whole industrial condition of being "the whole show."i ores they have to be solved at the output of the country; it had a trade Many flares this results in persistent ,t me ink order to prevent recurrence. organization in the form of govern ly "bad" behavior. ens patience and under- mental departments and bureaus, and depends on two things—proper v Outdoor toilets, . locate'd some Mitt a tilatioe and proper chemical mixture. • t 1 R is fall down mis- It takes time, pa i ce the whole banking machines of the Sometimes such unwelcome deport standing to do it. The trouble ie that, g y men is only a spasmodic outbreak, too often the... aree a O. country at its back. distance from the house, have always The chemical odors must be carriedP not But in spite of the fact that the been one of the unpleasant things from the roomy just as the smoke and following. an unthinking rebuke by an: coolly on their end of the task by older member of the family. It mani-. sticldn to it long enough to' get_ et government had in its favor all of ' •about rural life, especially in winter gases from the cookstove must be car- g Pests itself M either a "`smarty" atti- she bottom of the trouble. The child these powerful agencies; it has not time. Aside from mere physical lis-vetelade o naughty and even e' T' o£ i 'ustice succeeded in competition with private p Y ried from the room. If adequate comforts, there are the dangers from tilation is provided, the chemical closet r g y v1 loos is thus left with a foe mg n0 capital; for, but the beginning of the: exposure to the ravages of cold and is designed to function just as setts actions, in order to attract the desired' Which roubles and causes the nustice 'the vent attention. of ch ranure l eughtinese; so the dleus present calendar year, according . to stormy weather. ' factory as the stove. 'Usually ! . 7 I row, until it appalls responsible soviet leaders, fully is i i passed through the wall to the x� any times the parents are to continues to g pP Thanks to engineering skill and p pe. s p d g eighty Per cent. of the retail: trade and outside o£ the house to secure the blame for this more than the child be -;both the child 'and the parents before cause they refuse to recognize th ttit is overcome if it ever is. necessary draught This is more eas- ily accomplished where the closet is the little individual has now reached al Misbehavior is just misspent en - located on an upper floor then when point where he: can and does think ergy; this energy need's directing into The reason ascribed by the pro- it ro it is on a' lower floor. things out for himself, and where he constructive instead o destructive a - resents unfairness very keenly. If channels—not an easy task but a satis portents, of the Russian state system . The chemical closet ties met the p Y for this failure are: The inefficiency proval of health authorities, as the Your child is persistently naughty, it ,fying one. chemical kills all germs and odors, of the state machinery• the the undue the skin and protects their monopolistic position; the undue: is harmless to , p o f. increase of prices; the failure to ren- container from rust. Wiz. p �i9 Yr the metal ,, der real service; a poor credit equip- ment : �y � Pe �^��.,, ..� �� .. er_ _ „-a3.u, and' the instability of currency. Some of these reasons are funda- mental that the house be - •-s <>i:s �' n ental to successful trading. and ` It is markets of the world. The crop of apples that will be harvested this year is estimated at 8,226,713 barrels, which is about 72 per cent of the 1923 crop • which reached 4,498;860" barrels: The extent of the industry may gather- ed from the following table showing the crop of apples in the five prin- cipal producingprovinces in 1923 and 1824i 1923 1924 (esti- /stated) Bbls. Bbls. New Brunswick;. 60,292 86,616 as long or longer than in any other recharging. ,The chemical is mixed Nova Scotia...:.1,821,064 :1,274,742 part of the Dominion. Apple treeswith waterin the container.. The cost Quebec . 66,094 87,876 were introduced into this province of .chemical has never exceeded 26c a Ontario• ......;-.1,804,400 913,.080 about 1763. month. The sanitary 'closet, once in - British' Coltmibia,1,234,000 863,400 _While apples in commercial quanti- stalled, demands little care. Every Historians differ as to just where ties have no so far been produced in three or.'four weeks the container is scientific research, satisfactory indoor closets have now been developed that meet the demands of any farmer's purse, and they can be used in houses without running water. Probably most folks would rather have the flush type- of toilet that ordinarily consti- tutes part of the bathroom equipment where water pressure is available. This type will eventually be used in many, many farm homes; it demands a greater expenditure for fixtures, as well as a water -pressure system and a cesspool or tank. The cesspool is a matter of no great consequence; a small amount of labor and expense will take care of that. A farmer can bullet a cesspool himself. And if he already has an electric lighting outfit, the matter of running water is likewise easily provided. Numerous outfits are now on the mar- ket (many of which cost less than $100) providing a compact unit, olee- tricaRy operated and automatically controlled, which can be placed in the basement, connected with the cis tern or well, and thereafter supply the water under pressure wherever need- ed throughout the house. busy most of the time. Litter on the But many farmers can not afford floor of the house, if fresh and clean, these more elaborate and expensive is an excellent means of keeping the conveniences, and still they need not layers busy. do without an indoor closet, A good Perhaps the best material for litter sahnary chemical closet can be pal' is wheat straw. It is not so stiff as chased for the price of a fat shote FIRST C fifty per cent, of the wholesale trade. had swung to the control of privato capital. POULTRY HORSE If a horse could talk; he would have 'many things to say, especially when made draft proof if it is not already so, but care should be taken to keep an abundance of pure air in circula- tion. ` The laying quarters should always be comfortable, if possible, but wallet& at the expense of dryness is never wise. Restricted ventilation is almost cer- tain to be accompanied by dampness, particularly if the house is a trifle overcrowded: Dampness in the hen- house at this season is an invitation to colds •and roup. ' A laying hen is always a. happy hen. A hen cannot be happy unless she is OST NOT HIGB. rye straw but neither does it break, Think of our own feehn s if struck u so easily as does oat straw.. Renew Dr. M; T. de Gerin, noted Parisian y g chemical closet is P Y The--littermuat physicians who 'recently arrived in every time you slipped or stumbled. The sanitary the supply frequently. N York with a cure for pneumonia Warm the bit before putting it in He would tell his driver how a should be given careful and contiinu- frosty bit stings and sears his lips and ous consideration by men everywhere tongue when it is thrust into his who are endeavoring to pool their mouth without being warmed first. strength in an effort to give a super - He would tell how it feels to have distribution servIce. nothing but ice cold water to drink, when he is already shivering from ^a the cold. Manure Values. Fie would tell of the bitter wind' that frosts his sides when. he halts, steam - worth ordinary stable. manure is ing from exertioi, and is tied for worth a dollar and a half a ton, pout- hours in an exposed place without a try manure. is worth five dollars. blanket. These relative values are arrived at He would talk- bf slippery streets byaneiyeis of'Plant food. and the 'sensations of falling on cruel An average ton of mixed cows and ' city cobblestones—the pressure of the horse manure contains ten pounds of load pushing him to the fall—the nitrogen,., five pounds of .phosphoric braised knees and wrenched joints, the acid and twelve pounde of potash, tightened straps and the feel of the 4 ion of poultry manure contains driver's lash, the panting nostrils and thirty-two pounds of nitrogen, thirty- : heaving flanks, and the horrible fright five pounde of phosphoric acid. and of it sill eighteen pounds of potash. When he stumbles don't whip him. The relative values of the two ma- nures are determined by the market princes of these three chemical ingre diems. ` The proper way to Handle poultry manure is to allow it to. dry' as quickly as possible and then keep It dry until time to spread on the soil Caustic lime,. should never be mixed withpoultry,'manure ae t s so orithis a , causes a loss of nitrogen. Poultry ma- nure isnot a complete fertilizer, being weak in phosphorous and overrich in nitrogen. These conditions may be corrected by mixing six, rounds of the manure with ten pounds of some dry filler and then adding four pounds of acid phosphate. the H l s." How p I want to say a word about the .ad- vansage of a good lawn- about the 'farm house. We all know that the Sawn helps to make the 'home more attractive to the occupants as well as to visitors, and it reduces deprecia- tion of the premises. But the -thing I want to meention is the fact that it also reducee dirt. The women folks can keep the house much cleaner when it is surrounded with •a neat lawn. And when we comp to'think about it, has not much of our progress toward better life "and a higher civilization been simply .our success in keeping our bodies and: our homes :cleaner? . Good lawns crossed by dry walks will go far in doing. tbis upon the average farm. ---E. S. IL Ran On Wooden Rails. The first railway in the united States was in Boston in 1807, having wooden raids. Beep the scratching shed or poultry house ,floor well bedded.': tory, .too. We pur absorb moisture from the mightixr and have droppings as attested by 600 suecessful cases his mouth. chased one several years ago a and in wet weather May have to be abalms that it will practically wipe out Take the chill off his drinking found it so We found quite a vrriety changed often orate y aatfsfac c of makes on the market, all embody- Care should betaken to use none all possibiities of death from the water when possible, if it is vers cold. in the same principle and d'ffferin • ease.- Give him enough to eat, and spread g P p 6 but clean bright straw.. Moldy straw plenty of clean bedding in his stall. little in service the difference was in is almost certain to cause trouble Put a blanket on him in the stable, — e for Poultry. • h n Feed f material and finis and • Green quality o - the . fY cold nights. q y on o g he best; Weather Comfort. 1 ted one of old a th t We AC W the !est. W of leave him standing in a cold Ile n tr .are .off the g Now that the owl l P. Y it cost us between $16 and $20 deliver- The majority of farmers own some range and no longer benefit by the wind without a blanket. Keep him in ed. 3t is made of heavy galvanized ldnd of an automobile and in the win-` picicing of fresh green feed at liberty, the sun, if possible: steel finished in a durable white ani- ter those who ride in' the back seat a. substitute should be provided. Keep him sharp -shod during the mel that matches regular bathroom usually complain of cold feet,, eepe- Mangels, kale, cabbage and sprouted winter. fixtures. It is equipped with a sten- pave - daily if the ride is a very long one.' oats do very well to supply in part Drive him carefully over icy pave - lard high-grade seat the same as a the very necessary vitammes A and merits. regular flush toilet. The vent pips is likewise white enameled.. NO ODORS,: NO DISEASE GERMS. The closet has an inside container which holds about eight gallons and will run three or four weeks without the. first apples were grown in Can- the Prairie Provinces—Manitoba, ride. Both Nova Scotia and Quebec Saskatchewan, and Alberta,—consid- claim the honor but one thing is as- enable attention is,being given to their sired and that is that for nearly three culture, more particularly in Mani- centurfea this species of. fruit has been toba. Small apples' or crab-apples can ripening in Eastern Canada. I be successfully grown in many .places Apples" have been, grown in com- in Saskatchewan, as well as some 'ap- mercial quantities in Nova Scotia for ple sof the very hardy Russian var- '.the last fifty or eixty years alts the ieties. The best results in apple grow- - row- "industry has now reached extensive ing in Alberta' have been secured in proportions. The largest crop .pro- the southern districts where a ,good duced tto date in Nova Scotia was her- quality tea been produced. vested.in `1921'"w!ihen 2,036,066 barrels I The; apples from Ontario, .Nova. See- ; were packed and sold from the Anna- tie, znd British Co:umbiia are well and • polis• and adjacent yalleys, which ferns' favoseble known in the markets of 'the great producing district "of' the Great Britain slid Europe and are 'in proving© and cover an area about 'one' 'constant demand. Quebec, New Bruns- hundred' miles long and from, six to' wick, fold Prince Edward Island aro eleven miles wide. • I at presene producing, only sufficient In Quebec utero ere records that quantities for home consumption not- ehow- that as'"eariy aa 1663: applese withstanding. the fact. that the pos- Were being produced in that province, I sible producing area is :Far in excess and it' is thought that the renowned • of that at present under crop and that Fareeu%•,epple;or'iginated there 'In!the climate and soil in all three met the °valleys ,of., the Ottawa and St, Lawrenoe rivers, and throughout; the Eastern •, Townships there are many thousands of acres 'bearing apples, while in many other parts of the pro- ' Alice good.apple producing areas 'are to'be found.' ` Ontario normally is one of the larg- e* y`'anduehea of 'apples Arid thereis a out • the Dominions vines make for the growing of ;large quantities' of the finest; fruit. Experi- ments lie being carried on in the Prairie Provinces with a view to de-. ve,cnaingvarietres more suitable o the .. ,,,:^ ,.:,.w. �,�,• ��•t-* ,.,..•, ,.,.,, -,- •.., 'a and when these are obtained - climate in ry , ;<unimpaired.' .T !• � r ever seven ,oars to, allow room for the calls to grbw there is no doubt that apples will be `� 77P1nngiPc�rest 15 thinned y Y grown much more ,generally through- :. lace and scenes'` r•eminiseent of the :Canadian woods are daily enacted, within Otftee mug is iiow to irin g P London. This can •be.avoided if a feather cush- ion is made for the bottom of the car. When killing poultry save all the feathers except the wing and tail fele- thers which have the large quills. Scald. the f4•athers,:then dry. thorough- ly. Take a cotton feed bag such as poultry mashmomes in, dye it a dark color, and fill it with the feathers. Sew up the end of the bag and use this for afoot cushion and there will be no snore. complaints of"cold feet when riding, in cold weather.—C. A. J. D, so essential to proper nutrition. A' When he falls, quickly loosen his little attention to a seemingly unini- harness, push back the wagon, and portant: point frequently means the help hfm to rise, without blows. difference between.success and failuire. Watch for the appearance of gall - with branding stock. At the O.A.C. spots, and allow nothing to touch them Poultry Dept. a liberal allowance -atill healed. Be humane with your green feed or roughage cbntaiiiing the horse. Treat him as well as he treats vital elements is always avatiabla t the stock.- Exposure of fowls to cold ,ruing will cause injury. he thin - miles of • Sante, Girl. "Son—"Dad, I want to marry Dottie Dimples, the chorus girl." Dad—"I wanted- to marry her my self when I was about your age!" The mongrel hen is fast disappear- ing. Gradually the Canadian farmer is waking up to the seedier value of She well-bred, strong, vigorouseproliflc hen over her mengrer sister, mid the latter is being sent to the s'hainliles. Get the incubators and brooders ready for "hatching broiler chicks. During the winter, on bright, Sumiy days, let the fowls outdoors. All-purpose breeds do not exist. There are general-purpose breeds, but • none equally good in all things.. There are breeds :for special ,purposes but none that combine -all. The majority of .faiitires in trying. to operate eoultry farms have been brought • about by t teng,'.,tc kA >s uo many eaw:s its the east. Begat.iitusu 1oma i scale and 'ic1t fe thee''