HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe Seaforth News, 1938-09-01, Page 7THURSDAY, +SEPT:FIVM,BER 1, 1938
THE SEAFORTH NEWS
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OIN THE CARPET
When 'buying a carpet the most
important ,thing to keep In mind is
that you are going to have to .live
with it. Day in, day out, your eyes
are going 'to encounter the .pattern
whidh, bo be companionable, must
never ,grow monotonous. Let some
peculiarity in the deslign stand out,
some splash .of color .command atten-
tion, and !before long you, will feel
like tossing your purchase out ,of the
house, says George Stanley, in the
C. I. L. 'Ova'(,
Like 'Classical literature, olassical
music, 'the :patterns is good rugs and
carpets are immortal. Five thousand
years ago rugs were used to kneel
upon in holy ;places and temples or as
decorative hangings an coach .cover-
ings in the home. They were not used
ns floor coverings until ,some time af-
ter the beginning of the Christian era.
Centuries of weaving ,have failed 16
make any 'basic improvements in the
design or colours of the ,Oriental rag.
Except for such ,occasional .fads as the
demand for modernistic patterns, rug
manufacturing still relies largely on
the o1•d.'Oriental 'masterpieces for in-
spiration. Broadly speaking, the whole
development of bhe craft of rug mak-
ing, which has spread slowly across
the world from the early civilizations
of Babylon and Nineveh, :has 'been the
development of manufacturing .meth-
ods by which the rich ,colours and im-
mortal patterns of the sOriental rung
can ibe .duplicated ata price within the
reach sof all. 'Until power loons were
introduced in 11841, all .rugs were wo-
ven by hand, but since the introduc-
tion of automatic ;tneehinery rapid
progress has been made. Today the
finest Canadian weave which you buy
is every bit as goad as the rug which
centuries ago was la'borieusly knotted
behind the mud walls of a Persian,
Turkish or Caucasian village for the
adornment of a sultan's palace or
rnosque.
with design and colour the ,two
most important factors in 'carpet ma-
nufacture (a rug •comes in one piece,
a carpet in strips). the rug 'designer
and colour -chemist are the director
and producer of the mug ,business.
There is no set formula for designing
successful rugs, although tradition of-
ten inlfluenees 'bhe production of a pat-
tern, rt is a,siignifi'cant fact that all' the
master designers in the lour Canadian
rug 'concerns hail ,from ;Kiddermin-
ster, the wodld-famous English carpet
centre, or gained their experience
with well-known Scottish manu'Factur-
ers, There they learned their profes-
sion, acquiring • the age-ord principles
from ;designers whose families had,
penhaps, been In bhe (business for ge-
nerations, principles that spread slow-
ly across the face •of Europe, and
came ,down the centuries from the
cradle of •eivilizatioe. Rug .patterning
is a craft linked with antiquity.
A rough ,glance at any c'lassica'l car-
pet pattern, with its glowing colours,
its intricate 'designs, twisting and
weaving in variations that • make it,
impassible to comprehend anything
but ,the whole !harmonious motif, sug-
gests t hat the artist ,can create •wibh
complete albandon, 'unhampered by
anything 'rut the size of the sag. But
such is not the case. In addition ,to'be-
inig a c'hampfo•n "doodler," your anode
ern designer ,has to be a niathemati-
elan, a colour artist, an interior ,deoor-
atter, a historian and a psychologist.
He must have a practical 'knowledge
of the complex machinery by which
modern carpets 'are fashioned and ad-
just This designs to suit the limitations
of the 'various types of dooms. He
must keep albmeast 'of, trends in inter-
ior •decorating 'by making periodical
trips to the big shows in New York
and other centres, and must plan his,
patterns to harmonize with what he
sees. There are a thousand and one
sources of ,rug designs. The 'majority
are adaptations of old !Oriental rugs,
often so •confusing and. modernized
that nothing 'but the complete effect
seems to have any relation ,to the
original, But usually what looks to
the layman like nothing more than a
pleasing medley of fantastic imag-
eries has 'been governed ,by some
motive that cart be translated into
meaning by the waist. In looking at
one rug, for instance, he might tell
you bhat the .curious looking squares
ati•d queer ,looking animals ,reflect bhe
free •tribal life and; rugged nature of
the wild'Kazak nomads who produced
the rug From which his modern adap-
tation was trade: a description which
incidentally suggests some of the ro-
mantic .background of the carpet in-
dustry. There are completely modern
designs inspired Iby "textile ,patterns,
by patterns in nature, by 'kaleido-
scopes, by siheercreative genius,
There is no standard, no gauge for
such designs, nothing but the peculiar
gift of the designer who knows in-
stinctively what will do for carpet
Mattern, what must he ruled out.
Usually drawn iamb in miniature.
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SEAFORTH. ONTARIO.
carpet designs are next transferred t
large streets of squared paper, enc
square representing a single tuft i
the finished rug. Since most rug
carry a repeat design it is seldo
necessary to !paint in more than
quarter of the final pattern, ibttt ev
with ,this simplitcation it is not un
usual for the designer 10 have to 'fill
in over half a million squares. -Doit
this 'is a tedious task, akin ibo orthes-
trating a symphony or indexing a Ib•10
graphy, The artist will be -doing wel
to "finish it in six weeks.
A successful ,canpet maybe 'con
pared to a best seller. Not even ,th
mast experienced publishing 'boas
a
can pickbest se'lier in .manuscrip
form, .and neither can ,the oldest
pet ,ntanufa.cturer tell in advance if a
new :design is going to meet with ,
good reception, No amount of Ibally
boo can push a (book's sale ,unless i
has successfully gauged the fickle
tastes of bhe public, and mo amount 'o
cajoling •can sell the wrong carpet
Emery ;carpet concern' has in its show-
roonis'a number of best sellers -rugs
and carpets which ,pleased the buying
public with (just the right ,pattern and
color. Of the two, color is the more
important, Old .designs issued incnew
color •combinations have 'l'eaped from
the obscurity of the store room to
popularity.
"Colour being of such vital import-
ance in the sales department, the sel-
ection of the right dyes is of the ut-
most importanoe in the production
department, The weavers of Asia
Minor won much of their renown be-
cause of the 'brilliance and lustre of
the colors they put into their nags -
colors which they obtained 'from jeal-
ously ,guard•ed formulas 'from vege-
table .dyes banded down from gener-
ation to generation. But more .thena
century of .experience has enabled the
industrial 'chemist ba produce a rain-
bow of synthetic 'collars equal in tone,
lustre and fastness to the colors in
the richest of Oriental •masterpieces,
Colors themselves, however, are not
enough, and various chemicals must
come into .play in order to bring
about a perfectly uniform dyeing of
the various ,blends of wool.
The most popular colors are rusts,
tans and greens, 'colors which har-
monize readily with almost any in-
terior setting. Specially bright carpets
in all manner of ibrilliaut colors are
made for theatres and other places
where subdued light is used.
The yarn is dyed after undergoing
a nnntber of ,processes that include
carding and spinning. 'Ordinary dom-
estic wool' does not possess the neces-
sa"r}• stiffness to -,give a lasting pleas-
ing pile, so various blends of British
Empire :and foreign wools, which
long experience has proved to be the
best, go into the manufacture ofrings. Canadian manufacturers Bost
their buyers in the big wool markets
of the world, strategic locations
where they can obtain for domestic
Production the world's finest carpet
wools. Much of it comes in huge
bales from Manchuria and British
India, South America ani Great Bri-
tain •to be mixed with vari nus ..rade
from other countries.
While there are almost as many
different carpet weaves as there are
sailors' knots, the majority are either
Wiltons 1V
or Axminster:. iltons are
limited to six frames of colors, and
are distinguished by a hidden ratite as
strands not visible in the :wile are
woven into the rug. Axminster: hive
no hidden value, all yarn being pert
of the pile or surface of the 'carnet,
but they can be woven in intutlimite !
variety of colors.
The mechanical problem of intro-
ducing the complex rug patterns into
the 'Wilton weave was solved by the
invention of the 'Jacquard process,
which is based on the use of 'perfor-
ated cards. The principle is Pike that
of the player ,piano, except that each
hole controls a thread instead of a
note, 'Wanking to a code, exper-
ienced ,girls punch thousands'of holes
in -these cards to 'correspond to the
colored squares on the .design paper.
The 'Jacquard principle may also be
applied to the Axtninster process, but
in doing so a limit 'is placed on the
member•o!f ,colors used.
In the Wilton process, anywhere
from two to six racks, called frames,
containing spools of yarn in an equi-
va1ient number of colors are attached
to the back in the loom. Each spool
of yarn -and there may be as many
as 1,000 in each ,frame -must 'be
painstaingly threaded through the
loons comb ,before the operation of
weaving can stark Setting a !loom
takes a couple of experienced men
three days.Then 'with the ,perforated
cards eat the top of bhe :loam control-
ling the yarns that are ,to make the
surface pattern -pulling each one up
as it is needed -the weaving 'begins.
'Chattering `,and 'humming, with itsslit ttel 'darting 'back and forth to bind
each exposed tuft into the warp of
Indian Jute and ,cotton, the loom
works at terrific speed. Soon the
complex pattern is taking shape, 'blue
rich colors glowing .in a slanting ray
of sunlight, which shines through the
factory window as a ;razor-edgedi
knife ,jiaterneys ,bo and 'fro slitting the
a loop of the !pile and ;allowing the tufts
h to stand up :and catch the light.
u To set up the Axminster looser may
s take eight days or more, but once
n ready it can make as •many as two
e hundred mugs of the same Ipatttern.
en Every tuft of wool in the design is
- represented "by a length of yarn-nul-
1 ficient for the required number of
ug carpets -wound around a long spool,
These •spools are inserted into a set-
- ting frame in such a way that the
1 arrangement of ,colors in each frame
corresponds to one rove on the design
- paper. The spoors ere then 'hoisted
e onto a wide sproa'ciket .chain. ,A' huge
e piece of machinery, the Axminster
t 'loon when set up is actually {folding
cat- the complete pattern of the carpet. in
suspension. The weaving process is
a comparatively simple. As the ,chain
- revolves the yarn for one row is car-
t ried down ibetween the warp strands,
bound in with the jute wef and out
f'' by broad knives 'tq the required
amount eie make the tuft or pile.
While the majority of •rugs ere
either ' Axminster or Wilton3, there
are various other popular ,methods
used by Canadian manufacturers. The
'Chenille, for instance, which is made
on a double loom, is oonsidered the
most luxurious of all weaves. Chen-
il es can be woven in any desired
shape or combination of shapes, and
are often made to order. It is possible
to weave a Chenille canpet that will
fit, without pleating, a eiroular flight
of stairs, run along apassage and
spread out to fill a room.
In addition, there are various kinds
of Tapestry and Velvet .rugs, disting-
uished by the .printing of the final
pattern right into the yarn, which is
laid out on huge rollers for the oper-
ation, and by the fact that the pile is
deft looped in a Tapestry rag and 'cut
in a Velvet ring.
We have mentioned
before that de-
sign and color are the two most im-
portant factors in ru.g manufacture,
and that the Canadian rug industry
can produce mugs of color and design
equal to those made anywhere in the
world, but the 'final tes t is, after all,
durability. Do Canadian rugs last?
Well, there is one manufacturer who
uses a test rug, which at frequent
intervals is spread on the sidewalk
oatside theatres and other popular
centres in large cities. '1o date over a
million .people ,have passed over it,
and it would still grace your dining
room..
SAFE BY AN EY'ELAS'H
As I stood at the top of along
snow-covered hill and watched a
crowd of boys and -girls .onlaying the
delights of coasting. I called to mind
an incident in my own life, when by
almost the fraction of an inch I ivas
saved from death,
The country town in which I lived
when a was built on bills, and to
get in or out of the tow's in any dire--
tion you had either to climb tip or
clown. 'Naturally in such a place we
'boys had plenty of cea,:tine. The inci-
dent referred to iutlrrel nearly .fifty
tears age when I ea. but nine er
em years old, The ..1 ter hie been an
exceptionally cold .ane with loot; at
motto, and for 'l y, at a time the
rolls would he as e'orad with ice,
'hat we h,oys, wnu1,1 ,r e'n e to skate
most of the way ta it,u,l
In those day.; the iris to see. were'
'1 ssnenaade, big strong sled;. sorts o' I
them big enough to hold fire •ir six
boys and girls. My own slue aa-
niade by the village W'+.ee erieh v.e 1
iron by my father. wee .vas the el.
lage. blacksmith. It +ens :t beauty.
Them were two hills is the town
:hat were considered .faneerees for
coasting. The two ;erects were at
right angles with each outer aad'be-
ween then was an embankment that
made it impossible far a c.is:ter on
one to see anything that aright he
conning down the other. 11 y !lime
happened to be in a street at the top
of ouc of these hills, :ntct on this par-
ticular day I was given an errand to
do at the village store. As usual I took
my sled to ride as much of the way as
possible.. A girl friend living near
was_ also about to start on a similar
errand, and so I invited her to go on
my sled.
We started, and about the same
time we left the top of the hill a wag-
on heavily laden with machinery left
the top of the other hill. We of course
being on the sled could not see the
teatu, ;but the driver, sitting high up
on the wagon; could see us start, and.
as he told it afterward, his heart
seemed to .jump up in leis throat as
he realized that the sled and his team
would reach the bottom of the has at
the same thee.
Both hills were casted with ice, and
to stop was impassible; so, ,feeling
that our safety lay in his reaching the
bottom first, fie whipped up his horses
and started them'down the hill at a
run. Bat as• he neared the bottom hc
saw that nothing could save us from
a coihlision; so he gave a last lash to
his horses, then closed his eyes rather
than see as crushed.' Fortunately for
us, the wagon was what is 'known as
a "long gear," the body long With the
front and, hind wheels well apart. 'As
we shot out from your street at the
D. H, McInnes
Chiropractor
Office - Commercial Hotel
st
Hours -Mo. and Thurs. after
Electro Therapist - Massage
noons and by appointment
FOOT CORRECTION
by manipulation -Sun -ray treat-
ment
Phone 2127.
+FALL FAIR DATES
Durham Sept, 9, 10
Elmira Sept, 2-5
Fergus Sept, 9, /111)
Tavistock Sept. 9, 1116
Chesley Sept, 13, 1
Clifford Sept. 16, 117
Hanover .... e. Sept. 115, 16
Kincardine . . , , Sept, 15, 16
New Hamburg .........Sept. 1116, ,17
Orangeville , , , . Sept. 116, 119
Wiarton Sept, 1115, !115
Acton .... ..... ,....., Sept. 120, 211
Atwood .... ..... Sept, 213, 24
Barrie Sept. 40-22
Exeter Sept. 211, 22
Forest Sept. 20, 20
Goderich Sept. 20, 01
Listowel ,.., ... Sept, 21, 22
Sarnia , . , ..... , . Sept, .2=:214
Seaforth... ... ....Sept. 22, 23
Stratford .. , . Sept. 19, 11
Aylmer ,r., ..L. .,Sept. 26-28
Bayfield Sept. 28, 120
Brampton Sept. 29, 30, Oct.1
Brussels , , , Sept. 29, 30
Collingwood .... Sept. 29, 30, ,Oct. 1
Drayton .............. Sept. 217, 28
Drumbo ... , .. Sept. 27, 28
Dundalk .... , Sept. 37, 28
Fordivich Sept. 310, Oct. 1
Georgetown ...... ..... Sept. 218, 29
Harriston ., ....,, Sept. 20, 30
Ilderton .......... ......... Sept, 28
Ingersoll .... . Sept. 29, 30
Kirkton Sept. 29, 30
Lucknow Sept. 29, 30
Mitchell ... ... Sept. 27, 28
Paisley Sept. 27, 218
Palmerston Sept. 37, 218
Parkhill Sept. 30
Port Elgin .... . Sept. 20, 30
Ripley .. , .... Sept. 217, 28
Strathroy Sept, 29, 30, 'Oct, 1
Zurich Sept. 26, 27
Arthur ,Oct. 6, 7
Dungannon Oct. 6, 7
Etnbro Oct. 5
Norfolk Cauhty (Simcoe) .. Oct. 3-6
Owen Sound Oct. 14
St. Marys Oct. 6, 7
Teeswater Oct, 4, 3.
bottom of the hill, we ran directly
into the wagon hut we passed between
bhe front and hind wheels. The hind•
wheel .did hit the sled about three
inches from. the end and turned It
completely around under the wagon,
but neither of us was thrown off. The
wagon, which was facing the sante
way- we were, passed over uswithoet
S,3 much as scratching either. We
went en calmly enough to the stere,
'a't: eeeeral ,oho had seen us haewle.!
a eel- _.nes with the st,lry.
home it was to be wel-
elte : ley --Bite-faced 'but thankful
narenti.
TO MAKE GLASS, SAND IS
• NEEDED
Veil ntay we speak of the shirring
sands, says a writer, for year by yee-
the eanteers _,f the sandy desert;
charge. In the 'Canary 1 -lanes ,tr
huge heaps of sand piled up by winds
that have •bi,iwn from the ;;ahara, ant
in Syria and Persia and Arabia the
sands .are forever drifting over the
ruins Of ancient cities. These hills and
valleys are never still, and when a
hurricane springs up and the sl;ndflie•
before the storm mets bury their Beads
and .crouch down with fear and trem-
bling.
But sand is useful. Without it we
should 'be at a loss to knave !how to
build our houses, and but for sand We
might have no glass. Though expert-
are not sure where ;glass nicking be-
gan it is believed to have been in
Egypt or Syria, •both countries 'haring
abundant sand.
It is possible that glass was acci-
dentally discovered by Phoenician
merchants who did their .cooking .ha
the sand and found that heat caused
it to run into a transparent glaze.
From that time to this sand has al-
ways been largely :used in the manu-
facture of ,glass.
Sand ,Iias long been used for meas-
uring time. We still have e'•gg.boilers
with their little Lot of sand, and in that
days before clocks were cheap the
sand -glass, or hoar -glass, was always
at hared,
S'Heldgl Is this the city 'bridge de-
partment?
"Yes. What can we do ,for you?'
"How many points do you get for
a little slant?"
D'oiblbs--"Do you really 'believe
that there is something which can tell
wile'tlier a roan is lying or not?"
Do'bib's - `tHow interesting. -Have
you seen one of 'bhe ins trunnente?"
Dibbs-"Seen one? 'I married one,'