HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe Seaforth News, 1938-05-12, Page 7THURSDAY, MAY 12, 1938
THE SEAFORTH NEWS
PAGE 'SEVEN
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SPRING DRIVE
Spring! Open tvindo•ws to ;let in
the sun. That's spring in the cities, a
temporary relaxation from work in
anticipation hof 'the approaching sum-
mer with its sport, its 'boating and
swimming in the 'lakes.
But 'back in the snow=clad hills of
the :forest lands the same ;warm rays
of sunshine aud the music of trick-
ling water signal the zero hour for
the 'busiest season of the year—drive
time, says George Douglas in the
C -I -+L Oval.
.On the Gatineau, the Ottawa, the
St, Maurice, all through the Lauren-
tians down into the forests of New
Brunswick, armies 'of lemnbeejaoks are
treleking into the camps, some on
foot, some by bus, truck a•nd sled: All
summer and fall the axes attacked
the forests and all winter long the
sleigh (bells jingled and 'the tractors
snorted as the iweod was 'hauled to
the river banks. Now, :piled high
along the .sides of rivers and creeks,
millions of cords of pulpwood: lie
ready tee Start their exciting journey
downstream.
Swarming into these areas go the
luntiber-(jacks, adding fresh color to
she landscape of Ibiue, white and green
with their :checkered shirts,
Lumbering to most of thein is a
banililar (business. Their great-grand-
fathers and their grandfathers help
log some of these same min streams.
Succeeding generations hof .bhese
hardy pioneers have watched the for-
ests recede and the wood on the riv-
ers .change from 'the great logs which
the old-timers rode in spiked boots
to the four -foot lengths which today
chemicals turn into pulp. They have
seen many of the saw mills ;become
Obsolete. 'Meanwhile the drive has
changed 'from •a. 'business of tossing
readily accessible timber into the
broad waters of the main stream
down creeks which, in the summer-
time, supply hardily sufficient .drink-
ing water 'for a timber 'camp. The
days in which the great logs jammed
the main stream and daring lumber-
jacks, each 'balanced on a single tog
out in the racing white w.aters,, wrest-
led with ip.eavy and pike pole to
loosen the jumble, are almost a thing
of the past and with them has gone
touch o'f the told -time. glamour of the
drive, But far the 'forest indusbries as
a whole a new and greater era ,is only
just begin'ging. Today, •thnou'gh the
application of chemistry, the drive en-
joys a much ;greater significance..
Next year's 'fashions and the 'price of
stockings 'can all be affected iby the
extent of this &prlag's ,logging oper-
ations, and the forest industries now
canri'bute to the glamour attached to
a Schiaparslli rayon creation and ;the
sparkling appeal of "'Cellophane."
Twenty-five years ago a Clog was
destined for stns manufacture either of
lumber or paper, but a log 'which this
spring goes 'balblbing and spinning
down the rapids may turn up in the
9!43)9 Easter parade as a slide fesbeneie.
while another, ;which 'bakes all the
brawn of a six-foot lumberjack to
lift, may eventuality entwine ;the
throat of his daughter as a rayon
scarf. IAio longer is the wood alone
important. Today ;chemical research
and development put the emphasis on
cellulose: .Fifty per cent of spruce
wood is eelinrlose and from 'cellulose
it is estimated that 4101,000 articles ;in
everyday .use are now ;being made.
Originally cotton (linters—;the short
fibres left on the :cotton after ginning
has removed the long fibres—was the
principal material for the manufacture
,of 'viscose products, the chief of
which are "Cellophane" and rayon.
Then the increasing demand for these
two (products stimulated the chemists
to consider other sources of cellulose.
Soon bleached sutphite 'pulp, derived
from ;the wood of the tall spruce, be-
gan to replace cotton linters for these
purposes. Already great Canadian in-
dustries •ha:ve arisen as the result of
these 'disooveries. Rayon mills hum
merrily in Ontario, New Brunswick
and Quebec. As recently as 1192 the
manufacture of 'SC•ellophane" was first
commenced in Canada by Canadian
Industries Limited at Shawnigan
Falls, Quebec,
But much as the old-time lumber-
man might gape in wonderment at
the miraeles which turn wood into
textiles and into glittering transparent
film, he would find that the drive is
basically still very much the same—
a water -drenched period of from six
to eight 'weeks spent in •day=long 'tus-
sles with the wood and the fury of
flooded streams in an effort to get the
lags on the way to the mills -while the
fast .tuelting snows and the spring
rains keep the waterways at high
level. Staged amid the tall fir trees,
the rugged hills and the white rivers
of Canada's eastern forest lands,
spectacle boasts an .unrivalled setting.
Resting on the snow-covered !banks
of a creek, a group of iuniberjeoks
wait for the 'dam to back :up the
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NAME
STREET OR R.R
•TOWN AND PROVINCE
t tiid SEAFORTH NEWS
Form 400
SEAFORTH. ONTARIO.
water. Since bhe gates were closed
they 'shave filled the ereetk 'with logs
jerked from the piles with their 'pulp
hooks. Now, lower down the 'bank of
the gulfey they rest, swapping yarn's
with 'their partners on the opposite
;bank or drowsing in the afternoon
sun, for they have been working since
daybreak. ,Below them the main river
ewirls along 'buoying thousands of
logs ibriom other creeks down to bhe
mills, and •from some far-off place in
the hills come the 'echoing 'boom of a
dynamite blast used to break up a
jam or cut a channel through the still
frozen lakes,
'Presently the men are roused to
activity by a warning hall. The dam
has been opened. Each roan grabs a
pike pole and the ;group stations it-
self about the !banks ready to aid 'the
wood along should it show signs of
faltering in its 'headlong ;charge. The.
creek tfillls rapidly as the vanguard of
the pent-ap waters sweeps down.
Stranded togs are snatched up by
the current an•d streak down -stream.
Higher and higher •clitelb 'bhe racing
waters and the Clogs s:hoot like .bul-
lets. Then, barely audible'above the
fury of thetorrent, en ominous rumb-
ling warns the workers that the main
head is approaching. Fifty yards up
the creek it sweeps into view, a
mighty pile •df bunebling, 'foam -necked'
pulpwood, crashing through the for-
est with a roar that'starts the trees
shuddering and the ground trembling.
Caught in the onslaught, a young
birch snaps likes a match and :disap-
pears under the writhing mass.
Down cones the head, changing
the .creek, just now the size of a
small river, into a surging wave of
wood. For a few seconds the channel
is alive with a hundred bons of ani-
mated wood which glistens in the
sun, swarths tip over dhe banks and
goes careening down to the main
stream with a thundering rumble that
leaves the yelling lumberjacks deaf-
ened and stakes the rush of the hol-
lowing waters seem by comparison as
gentle as a rivulet in a rock garden.
Such is the business of starting the
wood on its way to the mills. Four-
teen or ;more such heads may pass
down a single creek in .a day.
Throughout the forest lands, where -
ever wood is 'being .driven, bite spec-
tacle is repeated until all the logs are
out in the main stream. Then,' bobbing
and swimming, they tumble through
the rapids past lumber camps, fishing
camps and summer cottages, out of
the forest lands to' glide past peaceful
farms until they come to rest in the
ponds of the mills.
And thus the spring drive in the
Canadian hinterland, already a factor
of importance to Parisian dress de-
signers and the retail trade through
the introduction of rayon and "Cello-
phane," seems scheduled for an even
more significant station in Canadian
and world industrial life, for when
the dams are opened a few years front'
now and the first heads come charg-
ing down the creeks, they may 'bring
with then a potential supply of cel-
lulose for the myriads of things
which the industrial chemist has yet
to give the world.
,hent to estimate •with any degreeof l
accuracy the 'honey crop for 1938, but
with an increase in the number of 'bee
colonies reported, the capacity 'for
production has increased over previ-
ous years. I't is quite possible, how-
ever, that winter ioss•es may offset bhis
increase. Fu:nthernore, reports inele-
ca;te a !possible shortage of major nec-
bar securing Plants in 1119138 due to the
'heavy •winter -killing of 10316-317, cod a
shortage of clover seed.
Records Reveal Cost of Raising '
Pullets
In order to ascertain the cost of
raising pullets of maturity, that is
the age at which they lay their first
eggs, a record of all feed. coal, and
litter used was kept during the 1037
season at the experimental station,
Suntmerland, B.C.
Starting with 180 White 4\ryan-
dotte chicks hatched on three differ-
ent dates, /April 6, tl'4, and 20, respec-
tively, and 'brooded under coal brood-
ers, e"011 were sold as •broilers and
roasters, and a 'few as ready -to -lay
pullets. These latter have 'been includ-
ed for purposes of experiment at their
actual weights and the prevailing five
price per pound. Morbality, caused
mostly by hawks and coyotes, ac-
counted for '48 birds. The 'balance of
;elk represents the ,number of pullets.
coming into laying 'from September
3 onwards. No eggs laid by these
birds have Ibsen credited, as such in-
clusion would only create a fictitious
profit 'or unfairly reduce the cost of
rearing.
The number of chicks brooded
'night easily have 'been cared for by
two .brooders instead of three if
batching Babes allowed this, thereby
reducing the ;amount and cost of coal
wised.
As anyone knows Who kept poultry
in 1907, feed prices were high. Wheat
fon this experiment cast 1$510:110 .per
ton, hone -mixed developer tn'ash of
which large'q.uantities were ,consumed
cost pang per ton.
Ln order that the 'figures may be of
some !benefit to those poultry -keep-
ers who raise their pullets from pur-
chased day-old chicks, the cost of the
original 680 chicks has ;been reckoned
at 13114.10 per hundred, tee agproxi-
nrate price of heavy ]breeds in the Ok-
anragan Valley, In . calculating the
cost of raising the 'birds, .no charge
has been made for labour:
Honey Outlook
It is impossible at the present in
Ontario Potatoes in Ontario Markets
:(By 3. T. Casein, .Potato tFieldman)
Why are Ontario 'Potatoes (being
discriminated against to the extent of
25'c to 36e per bag on Ontario mar-
kets? Is it 'because potatoes of good
cooking quality cannot 'be produced
in Ontario? No.
But too many Ontario pottaboes are
poorly graded and have not good
cooking.quality,'resulting from imma-
turity, frost injury and diseases.
Many of the consuming public have
been so dissatisfied with Ontario po-
tatoes that they refuse to buy ;them.
In Toronto some chain stores and.
many independents do not handle On-
taris at all, others 'report that 715 per
cent of their tpobato ;trade is with
Maritime stock.
It appears that in tO,ctober end No-
vember many potatoes affected with
field frost, Fusarium Witt and 'Fusar-
ium ,Eumartii and poorly graded were
rushed to market. They were unsatis-
factory :to the consumers and many of
thein turned to 'Maritime potatoes.
The demand for •Ontario potatoes has
fallen off and many growers are re-
ceiving only 315c to 40c per bog while
Prince ;Edward Islands are selling at
9.0c •per hag in carloads 'an tract To-
ronto. Even well graded lOntarios of
good quality move slowly at 'Ilk be-
low IP:E;t.'s !because so many are af-
raid to buy 'Ontario potatoes. Confid-
ence once lost is difficult to regain.
At the present time some well graded
potatoes are being offered with 75 per
cent 'Fusarium Wilt and Fusarium
Eumartii and some hollow heart and
frost injury to make conditions
worse,
There is very little that canbe done
this season •to correct or improve con-
ditions, but efforts should be made to
make preparations :for the 103e crop.
Where seed potatoes infected with
these diseases are planted in the soil
these fields will become infected and
Another crop of diseased potatoes
produced. with results similar to those
existing at present: The importance
of using seed that is free from dis-
ease cannot be too strongly impressed
upon potato growers. Farmers who
have potatoes beating these diseases
should cook then when feeding them
to livestock. If fed uncooked infec-
tion will be carried to the soil in the
manure and suceedine potato crops
will be infected.
The amount of certified seed pota-
toes in Ontario is very I!mited, There
were tete than 1,3110 acres of potatoes
that :received. and passed inspection in
Ontario last year, This is less than n
per cent of the 'Ontario crop. There
were very few fielcle of uncertified
stock that did not have these diseases
in therm. Much of the certified crop
has been marketed for table usr.
Growers elto need a change of seed
should not delay in arranging for ¢heir
supplies, while it is yet possible to get
them.
District Repreeentatives will be
furnished with the names of certified
seed growers and the varieties grown.
Ontario potato growers are losing
many thonaands of dollars by using
seed that is disease infected. They are
also encouraging Maritime grower,: to
increase their acreage. when there is
a demand in Ontario markets for their
potatoes. Forty per cent of the 'P,1.I.
crop was planted front certified seed
and less than 1 per cent of Ontario's
crop. This very welt explain: the dif-
ference in price in Ontario markets.
GROWINGPLANTS WITHOUT
SOIL
(Experimental Farms Note)
A good rich soil is not always nec-
essary
eo-essary to produce strong, healthy. vig-
orous plants. 'Plante can he ,rowan
just as well or better in ordinary sand
as in a good, rich compost soil.
The advantages of using sand are
many. The initial cost is very small.
The ,and is clean and easily handled.
It does away with the difficulty of ob-
taining composting sod and the work
of preparing compost sols-.. It is not
exhausted and discarded after .growing
one or two crops but may he used r.-
peatedly. All that is necessary when a
crop .has been removed front a sand
bed is to thoroughly hose rite bed so
that any residual strbatances 'left by
the previous crop will be washed out.
Thea leaves the sand ready for the
next crop.
A great deal ni study has been done
at the Horticultural Division at Ot-
tawa on growing plants in sand. Very
good :success was obtained with ;carn-
ations grown •in sand. The procedure
is not at all di'fficu'lt. The cuttings are
rooted in the usual •nanin•er :and the
young plants potted and allowed to
develop until they ere planted out.
D. He McInnes
Chiropractor
Office — • Commercial Hotel
Hours -,Mon. and Thurs. after
Electro Therapist — Massage
noon and 'by appointment
FOOT CORRECTION
by manipulation—Stan-ray breat-,
ment
Phone 2i f7.
When 'the 'plants are brought !back
intothe greenhouse from the ;field
they are ;planted or 'benched in 'bhe
bed of sand instead of soil. The sand
should' be six or eight inches deep and
the plants spaced ten inches by :ten
inches in the ;bed.
Naturally there is no Mood in the
sand. The plants must be fed with a
fertiliser. 'It is the 'fertiliser which
snakes this type of artificla'1 culture
successful. The sand ;neerety'haldls bhe
fertiliser so the roots can reach it and
acts as a support through which the
roots may grow.
A fertiliser mixture which has con-
stantly given good growth and excel-
lent high quality yield may be made
up with the following quantites:
Comtnercial ammonium sulphate -
9 lb„ Qt? oz,; :commercial muriate of
potash -1 Ib., 1151 oz.; ;commercial sup-
erphosp'hate '(1116%)' — p Nb„ 8 oz.;
tt ►gnesium sulphate I('Etpsom salts)• --
6 lb., 113 oz,
These substances should the ,ground
to a fine powder and thoroughly mix-
ed. When this has been done add, -
6 grams of fine boric acid.
6110 grams of 'fine manganese sul-
phate and unix thoroughly.
This fertilizer mixture is applied a't
the rate of one=half ounce per square
yard. The best 'way to apply it is bo
measure out bhe amount according
to the size of the bed and mix it
thoroughly with fine sand then dust
it evenly over the surface of the bed.
In addition, dissolve 112 •ounces of
calcium chloride in •ane gallon of
water. This is kept as a. stock solu-
tion. When applying the fertiliser
measure one ;fluid ounce of the stook
solution of calcium ichloeide into 2
quarts of water, 'per square yard of
bed, and sprinkle •evenly over the
sand.
The ifertiliser and solution are ap-
plied once every three weeks and may
be gradually increased' if desired to
once per week as the ;plants grow.
The bed is watered as necessary.
H'OW TO MINIMIZE
FIRES ON THE FARM
There is often a particularly pathet-
ic feature associated with a farm fire.
The isolation, due to the fact that the
farm is frequently distant from a fire
fighting service ;anti consequently in
many cases the helplessness to pre-
vent the destruction of the home adds
pathos to the disaster. Heroic work
and gallantry, in the absence of orga-
nization, inay be of no avail. It is web
known that in Canada every year loss-
es due to farm fires amount to an en-
ormous sum, yet in many cases the da-
mage to a certain extent might have
been minimized or prev:nted by sim-
ple precautionary measures.
One precaution is not to 'put wet or
uncured hay in barns, nor to put dry
hay in harps 'that have leaky roofs.
It k also ri.ky to emote:, in er around
thee; 'hni!dings. With regard to elec-
tric equipment, it is dangerous to use
fuses of too great aniper :ge. and no
article should be 'used in place of a
fuse. Care should be taken to .see that
lightning rods retrain' properly
;grounded, :and defective electrical wir-
ing should be repaired promptly.
The use .ef kerosene or .gasolene to
kindle fires or quicken a slow 'fire has
been ros.ponsibte not only for many
fires but also for many deaths on
farms and just !because there has nev-
er been a fire on ;the farm, it is dang-
erous 10 neglect precautions under the
belief that the 'h.uiildings will never
take fire. Insurance gives an unwar-
ranted sense'of security,' but insurance
cannot 'give compensation :for all the
financial losses and it cannot replace
loss of life. :Extreme 'care should el -
ways he taken in handling and using
gasolene. The gasolene 'containers
should be tightly closed, painted a
bright red, and labelled "gasolene.'
Chimneye are one of the most com-
mon causes of farm house fires, so
that periodically the chimneys should
be exerninvd, tested 'for cracks, and
cleaned regularly. A 'goo•d chemical
fire extinguisher, or a pail 'kept in
reacliness for the purpose where the
water eupply is handy, is a ready pre-
caution to pact out small fires 'before
they get 'beyond control, Where it is
possible, however small 'the 'commun-
ity, a (fire department should he or-
ganized and
r-ganized.-and the work not left unor-
ganized to the over -willing efforts of
neighbours.
Notice to Creditors, 3 wks. 'for $2.150