HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe Seaforth News, 1938-03-03, Page 7ij
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THURSDAY, MARCH 3, 1938
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Sempson was one of those pitty-
patty people who, when they see e
piece of cotton or thread on a 'person
cannot resist the temptation to pick
it off,
iHe was in the theatre one night;
saw a :piece of wool on a ,girl's col-
lar. He reached out and pidked it off,
THE SEAFORTH NEWS
and 'kept on pulling until he found
that he had a large (ball of wool in
his hands. Quickly he dropped it on
the door and vanished from the
theatre.
The next morning the victim of
Sempsoo,'s attentions said to her sis-
ter: 'Ve funny thing 'happened at the
theatre east ,night --sI host my vest!"
PAGE SEVEN
SUPER HI' illi 'A.Y
Throughout most of the night,
plows had been )bucking shoulder -
high drifts on Western Ontario's
highway network. Side roads were
blocked, and gangs • of men armed.
with shovels were dim wraiths in the
whirling White gloom ass they dog out
stalled cars. Only on the main routes
was traffic still 'movi'ng, says 'Ken W.
,M'acTaggart in C. T, L. (Oval.
At the top of a hill, remote from
the old 'Niagara highway, stood a lit-
tle group of ,bem'uffled men, Their
heads were bent 50 the 'biting zero.
wind, though 'they all gazed fixedly
into the shallow valley. Beside them
a motion picture photographer crouch-
ed at ;his machine, a watering eye
peering through the range -finder,
One of the men waved this arm, The
earth !trembled and from the valley
rose a giant geyser of earth, like a
tremendous mushroom born 'to a roar-
ing aecotnpauiment of .thunder, The
vast noise seemed to rumble into fhe
storm :and fade slowly as 'huge 'chunks
of earth came whopping down on all
sides, The 'little group of men paid
!tlhe spectacle scant attention; they
'hung .eagerly 'forward and peered
down at the 'floor of the valley.
And where they peered, where a
smooth 'field of snow had been, was
a 'black, ridged, ugly morass of mud,
soft mud that swept away in receding
heaps for hundreds of feet from the
spot Where the dynamite had explod-
ed. Two and one-quarter tons of dyn-
amite had acted as a Gargantuan pile-
driver, wedging soft earth to one side,
compacting the firmer earth !beneath
and s'ha'king down tons of hard clay
to fill the gap.
Thus, despite snow And cold, .was
Canada's .first super -highway 'being
built. The little group of men were
highways engineers and explosives
experts engaged in overcoming the
barriers that hitherto had made stature
triumphant 'and had !forced roads to
curve -and twist. This road would be
r
straight, straight and wide old as safe
as 'highways could be 'built.
Safe because, in addition to its
straightness, grades are being mini-
mized, the few -curves are wide and
banked, the -traffic 'lanes are brodd.
Froin Niagara 'Falls to the Quebec
border, when completed,it will be all
concrete, with two lanes in either di-
rection and the opposite 'flow of traf-
fic separated 'by a wide 'boulevard in
the centre. i.t will Ibe 11104 'feet wide, in
all, with 'ltl-foot lanes, except in a few
short sections in crowded suburban
areas where one foot was sacrificed.
Because the lHa-milton-Toronto sec•
tion of the new highway is complete;
and for several month's now 'has been
the main route between these two
cities, a 'brief trip. over it reveals to
an observer some ,of the details which
have been incorporated into its con-
struction and which' will be followed
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throughout the whole project. West
from Toronto the 'highway curves-
slightly
urvesslightly into the main Straightaway.
Straightaway aptly describes it.
Startlingly . different 'from the old
highways, which 'followed to some de-
gree, the lines of least resistance, this
highway unfolds itself as a straight
following the direct lie between
main. :junctions. Automatically oper-
ated traffic 'lights, operated 'by the
passage of motor cars ape/roachireg
the intersections, control traffic 'flow
at such points. 'Reflector signs, visible
even in foggy weather, are placed at
one thousand -foot distances 'from
lights to warn motorists to observe
oattion on approaching these cross-
ings. B-ut 'at the intersection of the
new'higthway with !Ontario No. IVO, is
seen the 'first vivid evidence of the
elalborate extent to which highway
officials have gone to prevent accid-
ents. At this intersection the greatest
volume of cross -!flow traffic would'
occur. So here was 'built the first of
the grade crossings which 'have 'be-
come dubbed "cloverleaf intersec-
tions." .Number 1110 .crosses the .new
highway :by a concrete viaduct. Mot-
orists driving south and wishing to
swing east into Toronto continue
across this viaduct .and part way
down -the ;Grade 'beyond. There they
swing right. spiralling in this right
turn until they come to the new
highway at the lower level Thus they
come into that -highway on the right
'hand side. edging into the traffic 'flow
instead of crossing it.
'Every tuns, .because -of this set-up,
is a right turn. 'Right :turns from
either highway are accomplished by
a direct turn -out of the ,one current.
of traffic, via a gentle, ,banked curve
up or down a grade into the other
highway's 'flow. 'Left turns are always
accomplished by swinging right from
one 'highway, after crossing over or
under the other, and .then spiralling
tip or down into the other,
Such intersections are 'being bn'1
t
at all main highway •crossovers. The
next such on the Hamilton -Toronto
section is the Burlington cut-off to
the 'Niagara 'Peninsula.
Eventually, however, the new high-
way will follow its own route to and
through 'Niagara, traversing the Bur-
lington area on its own 'bed. Few
motorists will ever realize that in this
section, particularly. problems were
met and solved which have already
become important engineering hist-
ory, and that -this is where modern
pioneers, batelcin:g nature's whimsy,
evolved a method of establishing a
firm road-Ihed across Brant's pond
(historically significant 'because it db-
tains its name from 'famous Six Na-
tions Chief �Toseph Brant).
'From the report made 'hy Jack N.
T.augment, :departmental engineer, in
charge of the new highway's con-
struction from Burlington to ',Niagara
Falls, a picture of this -engineering
achievement is obtained. Brant',
Pond, orignally .a 'hay contiguous to
Burlington 'Bay, 'had to be traversed
to maintain the straight-line principle
followed by the 'highway's builders.
The water in the pond was shallow.
ranging up to four feet deep, About
three inches of red clay formed the
immediate bottom, 'deposited there !by
a stream 'feeding the pond, with a lay-
er of vegetable matter, soft blue clay
and. 'finally, soft olay 'beneath.
To provide the 'fill for the roadway,
the contracting 'firm :of !Aiken and
Madl,aughlin pumped :1,201).00V cubic
yards of sand from the bottom of the
bay, forming an embankment across
the 'pond. Mr. Langman reported that
filling was carried on in such a way
as to shove the unstable ,bottom out
into the -bay as much as ,possible slat
but that, nevertheless. a "floating"
section was noticeable When the fill
was completed.
The problem of packing this down,
known in engineering parlance as
',compacting;" then presented itself.
The solution was started :by putting
-dawn a series of three-inch holes
through the 'fill, soft tb:ottom and clay
into the basic clay. Secondhand pipe
was used, with a wooden plug in the
'bottom. When the recruired depth
was reached, the pipe was pulled up
a 'few inches, 'leaving some 'open
space 'below. The wooden :plug was
tapped out, a case -('50 pounds of 40
per 'cent. 'C -I -L .gelatin) was packed
down the :pipe, and then the charge
was fired. The result, by using care -
Tully computed amounts were -exact-
ly spaced, was that the whole fill was
shaken down two to three feet, none
of fhe fill was •displaced and only
water was forced out.
The net result -of this scheme,
which 'attracted the attention of many
engineers who ,canoe to study ,the re-
sult, is summed up by Mr. Langman
in the conclusion of his own report:
'The hydraulic fill was started in Oc-
tober, 'IIP% closed down- front De-
-umber till 'April and completed at
the end of May, 9199317. The settlement
was ,obtained in 'June and !July, and a
conorete pavement was laid across in
Septen'ber, '19$7."
yust'a -few miles away, in the coun-
try ,where Lantra Second made her
historic bush trek, still another -phase
of this same 'kind of problem was fac- I .ecce.
ing. the engineers. At Fifteen and!
Sixteen Mile creeks, the high -way was 4
to -cross at the estuary of the creeks
which, annually, was tflooded, badly. -A
considerable -volume of water was
handled by these !roadways every
year a a
and thisentailed showing con-
tinuance of this flooding—even if to a
controlled degree—and at the same
time building a highway across the
twin valleys,
Each valley sae approximately 'fif-
teen hundred feet wide, The height ,of
fhe 'highway above -the normal water
level reached a minimum of
eighteen feet. -Beneath the shallow
water depth of one foot (during nor-
mal height) was about .nine feet of
silt, based -on soft 'blue clay which
gradually changed to hard clay at a
depth of about thirty feet below the
water level. The problem was to get
the 'fill on a sound foundation. Fol-
lowing tentative efforts to make a
bench Iby dragline and to dump the
fill by truck, in which rouch move-
ment of the !fill occurred, !dans were
changed at the suggestion of A.
"Lap" LaPrairie, manager of the con-
tract section, explosives division of
Canadian Industries Limited, accord-
ing to Mr. Langnian. 'From each side
of the valley, fill was dumpecl, the 'fill
being clay dredged from the cuts
which were being made through the
ridges at each side of the valley. This
fill was started from !booth sides, like
long piers ju'ttitvg out from the ridges
toward each other.
Hales were then .drilled down
through the unstable ,bottom, about
four 'feet -from the toe or bottom of
the -fill and jtist ahead of it, The holes
were spaced about twenty feet apart
and each was filled with a 'caseeach
of High explosive. When these were
fired, the effect was to pound down
•the !bottom. throw the -unstable mat-
erial out ahead and to the sides, and
to shale drown or compact the fill be-
hind the blast. In a series of such
progressions, the two 'abutments of
fill were :gradually brought together
across the valley.
The effect was s
oust ing likethts•
the heavy earth was piled in a long
pier on the soft unstable 'b.ottom. The
si.
explo,tte then took the role of a giant
'hand that reached underneath the
whole works, scooped out the soft
bottom at the toe of the pier and al-
lowed the heavy, solid earth of the fill
to fall down and take -the .place of
the 'bottom. As proof of this effect,
gradually succeeding rims of soft clay
and vegetable matter emerged from
the !surface of the water at the sides
and toe of the fill. ft gradually climb-
ed to points six feet above the normal
water level.
But when the fill from each side
finally came together the engineers
faced the possibility of driving this
soft bottom under the toe of the op-
posite fill. So explosives •charges were
placed in the forth of a V, the -bottom.
of this V facing toward the opposite
fill. -!'hie resulted in the soft subsoil
'heinc driven "tit to thy sides instead
of directly ahead and the tills were
then thrmight close together, .A final
dump of fill linked them into tine
emit.
To settle this final junction. and to
drive out the snhsnil, charges here
placed alcmg the sides. Two .and one-
quarter tunas of exph'.ire were placed
in this series of holes, all being fired
simultaneously. The soft subsoil was
thrown out to the sides to such an
extent that it was noticeable, because
of snow on the surface, that the un-
stable •underlvinu' material was -driven
out several hundred feet, rising at the
same time another two to three feet.
and chopping the 'fill compactly into
place.
Thus was hnilt the fill for the high-
way at those points.: :1t the present
time, !Litre now provide for the delib•'I
crate rill int of gaps through these
fills and the construction of concrete
bridges which will ,he -fitted so that'.
they can act as Sams. 'Tr! other words.
the highway bases were built com-
pletely across 'both creeks, were then
cut in the centre to allow passage of
the flood waters, will he ,bridged. but
will also be equipped to form dams
which will henceforth provide two
little artificial lakes less than a quar-
ter mile from Lake 'Ontario,
Bks an instance of en sneering pro-
gress, this settlement fill -project has
been interesting. 'As an instance of
the part played -by the representatives
of the companies which serve engin-
eering, it is only usual. 'Fill settlement
schemes of a nature comparable to.
this have been undertaken before:
Pete 'Nelson on Ontario highway No.
7 settled :fill by an adaptation of dhe
method; and the ,first instance ofan
explosive order from the Ontario
government for this specific purpose
occurredfor a swamp fill on the road
!between 'Verona and H'arrow•sntith,
i\fillenns motorists. ofu tort.' within the
next few year.s, will skirl this nets
modern highway. They Ctrl I flash
through the two little valley,, ,casual-
ly notice two little lakes. On the hill
they will see a -big stone house; fur -
'thee along they will see neatly placed
houses at the side of the road as it
p, Wines
Chiropractor
Office — Commercial Hotel
Housblur andsr —. Thurs. after
Electro Therapist — Massage
noon and by appointment
FOOT CORR'ECTIO'N
by manipulation—Sun-ray treat-
ment
Phone
207.
enters and eeaves lGrimslby.
They will not 'know the story that
lies 'behind She .carefully'studied plans
for moving those houses ---the prob-
lem of moving those house, and of
blasting Bear others. Originally, :those
houses stood in the •path of the high-
way. Now they are comfortably set
back from the concrete, with not •a
crack in the walls or a !picture out of
place. And they won't 'even think
about the ways and means that many
Inert evolved to make that highway
solid and stable and safe,
Soil -Testing Important
Agricultural leaders of Canada have
become increasingly worried in e•ecelrt
years over sod depletion and while
conditions in :Ontario are not nearly
so grave as in some parts dE .the Can-
adian West, it is common 'knowledge
that -many 'Ontario 'farms have been
missed until there is but little fertility
remaining. The 'Ontario 'Departihent
of Agriculture is fully alive to the
danger with the result that the De-
partment, through the IO.A:C. is un-
cltrta'king• an :enlarged program of re-
search and demonstration work for
11915$ in soil fertility.
in discussing the situation, Dr. G. I-
Ohristie, 'President of the O.'A:C.,
Guelph, points out ,that many Ontario
soils have been 'faro?ed more than '1100
years. Some 'have been wisely handled
and have become increasingly :produc-
tive. But on the other stand, many
have 'been thoroughly mined; soils
have 'become poor, hard to work, 'and
give low yielding 'crops.
"On other farms, while good Prac-
tice
ar c -
t
tice'has'been'followed, fertility'has be-
come unbalanced," says 'Dr. -Christie.
"One or more elements have been re-
duced in available quantities. It may
-be phosphate, potash or nitrogen. 1-0
many cases it has 'been found to be
boron, an;ategauese or magnesium, 'It is
through recognition of these problems
that O.A.C. has undertaken an exten-
sive research program."
Dr. ,Citrisite reviewed work done in
Norfolk -County by the Chemistry
Dept, 10.'A.C., Which .lo-cated soils
able for growing 'flue -cured tobacco,
The crop this year ;sold for so -me $d15,-
000,000. -Part of 'Brant and 'Oxford
Counties are 'being surveyed 'for to-
bacco through the co-operation of
Central ,Experimental 'Farm, Ottawa.
Tu iD'urhant and Narth•umberland,
Ottawa and 10.A.C, were conducting'
soil surveys to .determine if possible
balance of fertility and absence of •im-
portant elements, said Dr. Christie.
The Horticultural Division, Ottawa.
under M. [3..Paris, was establishing
an orchard where definite experi-
ment, could 'be carried out over a
number of years and serve as a centre
of information for apple growers, with
special attention paid to orchard man-
agement, fertilizing, pruning and han-
dlisi of frut.
As part oif the soil program, a soil
testing laboratory was established at
the O,A,C. Last year over 0,5410 sam-
Ales of soil from all over the province
were tested and tecannnendations
made to the ;farmers, A serious situa-
tion in Waterloo C'onnty in being
gradually corrected. Cereal crops
were attacked by nematodes, snail
ell worms which form clusters on the
roots and seriously interfere with
growth and 'development of -the
plants. The County 'Council 'leased a
badly infected field for ten years
where .the O4A,C. is carrying out re-
search work, Last year there were -de-
finite indications that 'balancing -of fer-
tility will :correct the trouble and more
work is planned for this year.
'Pasture studies carried out by Ot-
tawa and 'O.A.C. Chemistry Dept.
have brought to light many new prob-
lemt in Western and 'Eastern iOntario.
Following up these surveys, the :fields
are fertilized and cattle and s'l'eep are
used to check the results. These ani-
mals are being fed balanced cations
this winter -with special attention to
mineral needs. These experiments are
under way at Ailsa Craig, Holyrood
and other points.
'As part df this work in the 'field, a
special experiment is 'being carried out
int Oxiord County -with a ,group of 35
farmers. The A:griculltural iRepresenta-
tive, Reg. !Green, in. co-operation with
the Ontario
r o Livestock $•raatch and
O.A,C., has supplied minerals for the
cattle and has invade an .accurate test
of all milk produced and .supplied to
cheese 'factories. Results indicate :larg-
er returns of milk, and the condition
of the animals has been improved gen-
erally,