HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe Clinton News Record, 1935-10-24, Page 6PAGE 6
THE CLINTON NEWS -RECORD
T1mel Inforrn�ltion for the
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�armer
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• (Furnished by the Department of Agriculture )
Canadian Blue Grass Seed
The production of this seed in
Canada is confined mainly to the
counties of Haldimand, Norfolk,
Brant and Welland. in Ontario where
it hasbeen a cash crop for many
years. Faar' crops of some 90,000
pounds is expected this year but the
quality is said to be off due to dis-
coloration and lack of plumpness.
Prices to growers have not yet
been established _due to uncertainty
in the market. A fairly large crop
of Kentucky blue grass in the States
may prevent much export demand
there for our seed. However, the
domestic market should be able' to
absorb this year's production parti-
cularly as very little carry over from
last year is reported. Prices paid
growers for the short crop of 1934
.'ranged from 12 to 14c per pound.
Cheap Feeds for Finishing Poultry
In experiments in crate finishing
of poultry, it hasbeen found that
buckwheat screenings or stiandard
recleaned screenings, a byproduct
from the grain elevators consisting
largely of wild buckwhaet and brok-
en wheat with a small admixture of
wild oats, flaxseed and other weed
seeds, give excellent results both
as to quantity and, quality of flesh.
It was also shown in these experi-
ments that small unmarketable po-
tatoes may be used to advantage in
crate feeding. Fed in conjunction
with homegrown grains these pota-
toes gave a,s economical gains as
corn and produced better colour and
finer quality in skin and flesh. The
potatoes may .be fed either boiled
or mashed, or raw and finely chop-
ped, and mixed with the ground
grain and milk,
The Potato Crop
'Harvesting of the late potato crop
commenced about the first of Octo-
ber and has been general since then.
The crap suffered Beverly ''from
drought and the failure to germinate
of a considerable percentage of seed
tubers, which had been affected by
frost. Both acreage and yield per
acre show decreases. The production
is estimated at 12, 882,000 bushels
as compared with 19716,000 bus•heis
in 1934, representing a reduction of
over seven million bushels, The acre-
age was decreased by 11 per cent,
from 164,300 acres to 149,200 acres,
and the yield per acre shows a. dras-
tic decline, being placed, at 85 bush-
els per acre as against 120 bushels
last year. Potatoes in the eastern
provinces, hah'e also suffered from
unfavourable weather conditions, re-
ductions varying from 30 to 40 per
cent.
The supply situation may be re-
garded as distinctly favourable to
growers in Ontario. Producers are
marketing their crops slowly and
preparing to store a greater propor-
tion
roportion than usual in the hope of ob-
taining better prices later on.
Current Crop Report
The Department's' current crop
report states that though the weath-
er generally was colder in Septem-
ber than usual, late crops continued
to develop satisfactorily. Less fall
plowing was done than in the or-
dinary year, ,as farmers• were kept
busy , threshing their heavy grain
crops, and in a number of counties
the soil was too dry in the, first half
of the month to work aesily. The
acreage sown to fall wheat shows a
sharp eleesease from last year due to
these same factors, and in Central
and Eastern Ontario the disastrous
amount of winter -killing experienced
in the past two years further tended
to restruet the area sown tothis
crop.
Pastures are repotted to be standing
up well in most counties and milk
flow continues at a level slightly a-
bove normal. The total hay crop a-
mounts to 7,182,600 tons as com-
pared with 4,286,500 tons in 1934,
The yield of fodder corn is estimated
at 9.8 tons :per acre, considerably in
excess of the yield of 9.2 tons a
year ago and total production will a-
mount to 3,173,300 .tons as against
2,990,000 tons in 1934. In order to
make use of the abundant supply of
fodder available, farmers are plan-
ning to feed a considerably increas-
ed number of stockers.
Climate and Sugar Beets
Pram the datacollected during the
past twenty years, •a good general
idea, of where sugar beets can be
grown successfully has • been ob-
teined. Of the; two •main factors 'con-
eidered, namely soil' classification and
ielimatic conditions, .the latter ap-
pears to be the, determining factor
for both yield and sugar content. A
cool wet spring prevents seed ger
mination, and a poor stand is the're-
sult. A hot, dry summer retards
growth, giving small roots and a low
yield, and a cold dull autumn, often
with frosts before haryesting, pre-.
vents the proper maturing of the
beets at a time when sugar forma-
tion is taking place. Thus, the ideal
seasonal conditions are a warm
spring with sufficient precipitation
to ensure good seed germination, a
grelving season with plenty of rain
and a mild open •autumn with consid-
euable sunshine.. These conditions
vary every year and explain why one
district ,produces geed beets of high'
sugar content one year and beets of
poor quality the next. A dark loamy
soil seems to be best for sugar beet
growing. Beets are very susceptible
to soil acidity and liaising of the soil
i necessary. It is now recognized
that for best results plenty of fer-
tilizer must be used sand phospheric
acid seems to be the most important
element.
CROP REPORT
Oct. 17th, 1935
Below will be found a brief synop-
sis of telegraphic reports received at
the Head Office of the Bank of Mont-
real from its Branches.
General
This year's total wheat crop is es-
timated to be slightly higher than
that of last year, .but an outstanding
feature is the largo percentage of
low grade wheat. The f)ominion Bur-
eau of Statistics estimates the wheat
production of the three Prairie Pro-
vinoes at 272,000,000 bushels. This
is 8,000,000 in excess of last year's
figure and compares with a ten-year
average of 367,700,000 bushels. The
1935 wheat acreage in the Prairie
Provinces, estimated tat 23,293,000
acres, was practically the same as
that of last year. Production of
coarse grains was .substantially in-
creased and for the most part feed
supplies will be sufficient. Oats aro
estimated at 296,000,000 bushels, and
barley at 73,000,000. Threshing is
now pra'4tically completed, except
in the Peaee River district. Deliv-
eries of wheat by farmers to country
elevators from August lst to October
11th totalled 119,987,000 bushels,
compared with 109,861,000 bushels
during the same period last year. In
Quebec Province there were good
yields of coarse grain and hay, maple
syrup and tobacco, but the potato
crop was under average and the ap-
ple crop light. In Ontario there
were good crops of grain and a heavy
crop of hay. Roots were a fair crop,
and crops of peas, corn and tomatoes
were satisfactory, Small fruits were
average, with an exceptionally large
strawberry crop. Winter apples and
pears were a light crop, and peaches
plentiful but small. Tobacco was
an excellent crop. In the Maritima
Provinces crop yields generally were
fair, with apples an above average
Crop of good quality. In British
Columbia -there were good yields of
rain, limy and potatoes. The yield
of tomatoes was poor. Other vege•
table production was normal. The
apple crop was somewhat smaller
than that of last year but of geed
quality. Crops of cherries, apricots.
peaches and plums were below aver-
age.
Province Of Ontario
Abnormally high temperatures and
lack of rain during July caused pre•
mature ripening of crops and while
generally' good crps have been har-
vested yields and quality are below
earlier expectations. Fail' wheat
wintered well, but frosts and cold
winds during April did considerable
damage while rust and excessive heat
at the filling stage affected both
yield and sample. Heavy rains caus-
ed oats and barley to lodge badly,
The estimated acreage and yield per
acre of fall wheat, oats and barley
are respectively 555,100 acres and
23.9 bushels, 2,376,700 acres and 36.7
bushels, and 623,000 acres and 32.6
bushels, which compares with 425,600
acres and 15.8 bushels, 2,390,800 ac-
res and 34.1 bushels, 484,900 acres
and 30.4 bushels for 1934. Hay was
a heavy crop, estimated at 7,182,600
tons, compared with 4,286,500 tons
last year. The yield of fodder corn
Is estimated at 9.8 tons per acre and
the total crop at 3,173,300 tons a-
gainst 2,990,000 tons last year. Pas-
t{arage has been excellent during the
season and still affords good graz-
ing. Sugar beets are expected to
yield a tonnage of 366,000 compared
with 266,700 last year but plants this
Year suffered from leaf .blight which
will slightly lower the sugar content.
Insect Damage to Grain in Storage
Although, the `grain weevil has al-
ways been present in this district, it
has increased to its present injurious
state largely because growers have
been storing more grain in their bins
during recent years. Reports are
being received that weevils and
other grain insects are destroying
Last year's wheat in palrticular,
which is stored in farmers' graver
fes:
A grower 'with infested grain at
this time of year has to choose be-
tween either cleaning his grain as
well as he can selling it at once, or
he may fumigate at once to kill all
insects. Shovelling over grain in
zero weather will also kill the ween
lis, but if they are numerous enough
to cause the grain to heat, it would
be advisable to either clean and
sell or to fumigate, because by the
time cold weather arrives the grain
would be badly damaged.
Fumigation
There are several gases used to
fumigate grain bins, but the best for
general purposes is carbon •bisul-
phide. The fumigation cost is less
than one cent per bushel of grain.
Carbon .bisulphide is a clear liquid,
which upon exposure to air quickly
forms a gas whieh is very poisonous
when breathed by insects or other
animals; It is heavier than air, and
this property makes it penetrate in-
to the grain. The gas kills all stages
Potatoes are below normal, while
turnips and mangels are smaller in
size with a fair yield. A satisfac-
tory pack or peaa, corn and tomatoes
has been completed. Beans are a good
average crop. Small . fruits were
average with an exceptionally large
crop of strawberries. Early apples
were good, but winter varieties are a
light crop, grapes were damaged by
early frosts and the crop is now es-
timated at from 10 per rent to 15
per cent below normal, The flue-
cured tobacco crop is, one of the fin-
est ever produced in Ontario. Colour
and quality are above average, with
production from 31,000 acres placed
at 28,675,000 lbs., compared with 24,-
000 acres which produced 21,860,000
lbs., in 1934. The average yield of
burley tobacco which is of excelleut
quality and curing well is estimated
at 1,200 to 1,300 lbs. per acre result-
ing in an output of 11,250,000 lbs. as
compared with 7,950,000 lbs. last
year. There were 2,000 acres plant-
ed to dark tobacco which is of good
yield and quality.
,Preparing Poultry for
Market
To a great extent the ultimate
auceess of the poultry enterprise will
greatly depend on the manner in
which the products are , marketed.
The diseriminating customer will be
attracted by the well -fattened and
well-dressed chicken or fowl, and
will pay a .premium in price for ap-
pearance as well as quality.
Success in fattening and market-
ing will depend to a great extent on
the operator's knowledge and ability
to prepare his product in the most
economieal and attractive form, Spe-
cial feeidng fora week or two will
greatly imprclve the quality and pay
for the extra feed and labour involv-
ed.
As only birds with strong constitu-
tions can stand heavy feeding with
limited exercise, very young and ex-
tremely thin birds seldom make pro-
fitable gains in the fattening pens.
A serviceable crate, six feet long
by twenty-foor inches wide, and eigh-
teen inches high, may be made from
slats nailed one inch apart with a
galvanized pan beneath the slatted
floor for the droppings. Partitions
two feet apart will provide compart-
ments two feet sbuare, and will ac-
commodate four or five birds accord-
ing to size.
To insure freedom from lice, dust
the birds with flour of sulphur and
create a good appetite by starving
for the first twenty-four' hours. The
second day give only slight feed and
gradually increase the amount until.
the third day; from then until finish-
ed all they will eat twice daily at
regular intervals about twelve hours
apart. Mix to a batter that will
pour slowly from a pail, skimanilk or
buttermilk with two parts of corn-
meal 'tied one part finely ground eats.
Feed in troughs .suspended in front
of crate. 'A good finish should be'
obtained in ten to twenty-one days.
Feed enough to thoroughly satisfy
at each meal, ,but, leave nothing over
in the troughs to . stali the birds..
Starve for at Ieast twenty-four hours
of insects, but does net injure the
grain in any way.
The one fault with carbon bisul-
phide is that it is very explosive and
it therefore must be .handled intel-
ligently and carefully. Fire in any
ferns must be kept away while using
the gas, as a live well from a cigar-
ette or a spark from an electric
switch or from a hammer striking a
nail will cause the gas to explode.
For this reason, many insurance
companies prohibit its use in build-
ings insured by them, except under
special permission. There is no dan-
ger from using the gas if precautions
against fire and other accidents are
used. Many thousand farmers use
the material succesfully every year
without accidents.
To Use Carbon Bisulphide
(1) The bin containing the grain
to be fumigated must be tight e-
nough to hold the gas. All cracks
in walls, floor and doors must be
plugged tightly. It might even pay
to paste newspapers over the walls
just as wall -paper is used and by
means of a paste Reade .of flour and
water. (2) Measure the cubical con-
tents of the grain to determine a-
mount of carbon bisulphide neces-
sary. One pound is needed for ev-
ery one hundred' cubic feet of grain.
In a bin 10x12 with the grain three
feet deep, it would require a little
over three and one-half pounds of
the liquid. (3) The grain tempera-
ture must be above 70 degrees• Fah-
renheit or the fumigation will not be
a success. (4) Cover the grain with
blankets or tarpaulins and when ev-
erything is in readiness, lift blankets
at picked places and pour liquid on
grain. The blankets hold the gas to
the grain better. Close and lock the
door and leave building for at least
twelve hours. If the grain is deeper
than three feet, push old sacks down
into the grain at intervals to act as
wicks to carry liquid deeper into
grain, or use pipes for the same pur-
pose. To fumigate grain in three or
four bins, have several men do the
work, allocating a certain bin to
before killing, bleed by "sticking" in,
the roof of the mouth, and, dry pluck.
Grade to uniform size' and quality
and pack in neat boxes.
Detailed instructions on killing,
plucking, and.. grading may be had'
free from the Publicity and Exten-
sion Branch, Departmenm of Agrieul
ture, Ottawa.
each man, etc.
Grain • spilled on floor outside bins
to be fumigated should be swept up
and destroyed and the boards and
cracks in and around the ,granery.
sprayed with kerosene or gasoline to
kill insects present in these situa-
tiome, as it is only the insects inside
the bins and covered with the seeks'
or tarpaulins that will be killed by
the actual ,fumigation. If these in-
sects are overlooked, they will rein -
fest grain in the bins.
THURS., OCT. 24th, 1935;
fRflMEHS
The dominion Entomological ,Lab-
oratory, at Chatham, would welcome
reports from growers having infest-
ed grain, either direct or through the
Experimental Station, at Harrow.
Our Edible Mushrooms
(Experimental Farms Note)
Many different kinds of edible
mushrooms are found in Canada, to-
gether with a great number of worth-
less ones, and a few deadly poison-
ous toadstools. It is impossible for
the average person to learn to know
them all, but it is possible to learn
to recognize the best edible species
and the harmful and deadly poison-
ous kinds, It 'is lie more difficult
than learning the different kinds of
flowers in' a garden, although it is
much more difficult to get the infor-
mation. The best source of informa-
tion in Canada is the recently pub-
lished book from the Division of
Botany, on "Mushrooms and Toad-
stools,' which may be obtained from
the King's Printer, Ottawa. Another
is to get someone who is a student of
mushrooms to point out the different
kinds, or, information can be ob-
tained from the Dominion Laborator-
ies of Plant Pathology in the differ-
ent provinces.
The different kinds of edible mush-
rooms are so numerous that 'it is
not possible to mention more than a
few favorites. The best known are
the field mushroom and its large cou-
sin, the horse mushroom, both of
which are "pink" underneath and
grow in the open fields. If these are
the only mushrooms known by a per-
son, they should not be collected
from the edge of woods or near trees.
The fairy ring mushroom is found on
lawns during the summer and the
shaggy mane, on lawns in the fall.
The •smooth lepiota grows in culti-
vated fields and' orchards, looks like
a mushroom on top but is white un-
derneath, and resemblesthe death an
gel, In the spruce and fir woods, the
yellow chanterelle and the edible
boletus are found tharoughout the.
summer. Bach kind has to be known
and distinguished from some worth-
less or harmful species that resem-
bles it in some respect.
In gathering mushrooms to eat, the
great danger is in picking a deadly
toadstool. They are all tee common
and very few people know •them well.
The commonest deadly species is the
fly agaric which is so named because
it can be used as a fly paieon. The
most dangerous kind is .the death an-
gel, so named because of its stately
appearance and pure white colour.
No person should ever gather edible
mushrooms in the woods without
knowing this species for there is no
known antidote for its slow acting
poison.
NEWS OF HAPPENINGS
IN THE COUNTY AND
DISTRICT
EXETER: The Central Hotel was
the centre. of a large gathering when
the friends of T. Stafford Woods ten-
dered him a farewell banquet, fol-
lowed by an address and presenta-
tion. Mr. Woods came to Exeter 16
years ago as manager of the local
branch of the blolson's Bank and
continued in the same capacity when
the Bank of Montreal took charge
Mr. Woods has entered into the life
of the village, and his absence will
be felt when he leaves in the near
future for London.
GODE'RICH: Deep regret was ex-
pressed by memibers of Victoria
Home and School Club, at the regu-
lar meeting on Thursday night, in
the decision of the Public School
Board to discontinue the teaching or
M1.1510 in the schools, and a letter
Was authorized to be written to .the)
Board giving expression to this feel-
ing.
eeling. It was pointed out that num
bers of children never get any good'
music, which under instruction; in
the school they learn' to love and'
remember. The value could not be
measured in dollars and cents. It is -
likely to become a compulsory sub-
ject, and itwas felt that it would be
an advantage to be a year in ad-
wance. Both ITome and School Clubs
and the Women's Institute have eou-
tributed towards the salary of the,
instructor.
BRUSSELS: A quiet wedding took
place in the United. Church parson-
age, Brussels, Wednesday, October.
sixteenth, when Doris Myrtle, young-
est daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Austin
Raynard, became the bride of Walter•
MacFarlane, eldest son of. Mr. and"
Mrs. Jaanes MacFarlane, a11 of Grey
Township. R,ev. C. 3. Moorehouse of-
ficiated. The bride was becomingly
attired in navy blue crepe with ac-
cessories to match. The attendants
were Mr. and Mrs. Sylvester Ray -
nerd, brother and sister-in-law of
the bride. Following the ceremonies
supper was served at the bride's
home.
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You c • n't St t, y
Where You Are
YOU Turn through a kodak album and smile at old-style clothes.
Skirts cluttering the ankles ... hats perched high up on hair .
wasp waists ... awkward sleeves—odd how your taste has changed!
Yet day by day your taste changes in all you wear and do. You
don't like the same books, enjoy the same movies, choose the same
underwear, preferthe same soap you did a short while ago. You
are so used to the better, you wonder why you liked the old. Ad-
vertisements make you know the better as soon as it's proved to be
better. They tell of good hings arctepted as good taste in the hest
homes. The hosiery, glass -curtains, lighting fixtures other moderns
use; why their use is preferred. Advertisements influence so many
around you, sooner or later you'll feel the change. Even if you never
read an advertisement, you'll use in time some of the conveniences
which advertisements urge ypu to use today. Advertisements form
a tide of taste that sweeps you forward; you can't stand etill, Since
you'll enjoy what they advertise anyway, why not begin enjoying it
now?
Read the Advertisements to be
alert to the best today
The. Clinton News -Record
$1.50 A YEAR WORTH MORE
AND IT'S A GOOD AD'VERTIS'ING MEDIUM
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