Loading...
HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe Clinton News Record, 1935-08-15, Page 6PAGE' '6 THURS., AUG. 15, 1935 .imely Information for the Farmer F r ( F`ur;aiehed by the Department of Agriculture ) Apples for Sweet Cider Tests conducted in the Fruit Pro- ducts Laboratory at the Central Ex- lerimental Farm have shown that Rufus, Ribston, Scott Winter, Bald- win, Mavis, Russet, and a blend of hen Davis and Spy are excellent va- tieties of apples' for making good cider. Indians Organize Interesit in good ,plowing is not confined to a few' Counties in Central Ontario, A branch of the Ontario Plowmen's Associationhas just 'been formed by the Indians on the Unceded Reserve Manitoulin Island. No doubt this will improve plow- :'ing and cUiltural methods' in Wik- wemikong vicinity. Weekly Crop Report Barley and oats are now being out and, while the crop is heavy, the yield will be reduced through lodg- ing.. Rains have lowered the quality of a heavy hay crop. A satisfactory pack of peas has been completed. Root crops are progressing satisfac- torily. Corn is malting excellent headway and promises well. Small fruits are plentiful and the yield of peaches is expected to be above the average. Canning tomatoes are Making rapid growth. Priming of tobacco is under way and a good crop is indicated. Controlling Mustard In an experiment conducted on the Central Experimental Farm, mustard was controlled in the following man- ner. Buokwheat, which is a fast growing smother crop was seeded a- bout June 15. The mustard seed I'. ing in the first Ph inches of soil ger- minated about the same time as the buckwheat hut the mustard seedlings were soon killed by the faster grow- ing smother crop. After harvesting the buckwheat, the land was not cul. tivated or disturbed inany way. The following spring, oats were seeded on the buckwheat stubble, directly with the seed drill, with no previous cultivation, Some mustard came up in the grain but the infestation was so small that the plants were hand pulled with little difficulty and the yield of the grain was higher than on adjoining plots seeded in the or- dinary way, Northern .Agsiculturai Societies The officers .of Agricultural Socie- ties in the newer parts of Ontario are charged with even greater re- sponsibilities than those in the South. Apparently these duties ars assumed in an enthsuiastic way, as Very successful District Meetings were held recently in Muskoka, Nip - lasing, Manitoulin Island and Al- goma. Progressive Society The South Brant Agricultural So- ciety is to be congratulated on a very fine field crop competition in barley. The judge, Illi. W. A. Galbraith of Iona Statioh reports very keen com- petition and has emphasized parti- cularly the trimming of all fields. A new feature was attractive signs about 2 feet square, announcing each field as an entry in the competition in the South Brant Agricultural So- ciety. fdr. Galbraith added "a num- ber of the fields were located an the highway and constituted good ad- Vertising for the district." Lakehurst Agricultural Society This society has recently purchas- "ed the imported percheron stallion "Jassivre" front G. A. Pedden of ''Strathroy. For many years the Lakehurst So- ciety has consistently followeda pol- icy of miantaining pure bred :bulls for the use of its members. This progres- sive work, covering a period of years, has resulted in a uniformly high standard of feeder cattle, for which Market channels are open. The dis- trict is well known to cattle buyers. Apparently a similar policy is now being, adopted to serve horse inter- ests in the area. Outbreak of Moths The moths that 'have been flying 'so numerously in Western Ontario this summer and especially during the hast days of June are the adult form of the sod webmvornis which some- times do considerable damage in old pastures. 'Commenting on these in. 'sects under date of July 4, Professor Lawson Caesar, Provincial Entomolo- gist, has this' to say; "It is possible that we may have a serious outbreak of this pest in an- other two or three Weeks. The out- break will likely be most destructive —if it does eame—to golf grounds and sod pastures: Often, however, we get a`lot of these moths without any serious outbreak Sod webworms have been doing some damage in Es- sex and Kent and probably in Middle- sev, both in old pastures and to corn." Improvement of Pastures The improvement of grasses for both hay and pasture is being given a great deal of attention at the pre- sent time. A notable advance during recent years has been the discovery of the remarkably high feeding value of fresh young grass. So rich is young grass in protein that it may be .re- garded as a high protein concentrate. it is also rich in vitamin content and in the essential minerals which are eo importat in feeding milk proude- ing animals. No other crop iscap- able of manufacturing live stock for five months of last year at iso low a feed and labour cost. The digest- ibility of young grass is considerably greater than that of hay, and there is no loss of nutrients in curing, which in hay may amount to front 30 to 50 per cent. The discovery of these facts has led to a new apprecia- tion ofpastures, and to a closer study of the factors which influence their productivity. Care of the Growing Flock 5fanegement, feeding and hygiene are the chief considerations in the successful handling of a growing flock of poultry. Under "manage- ment" come numerous factors of great importance. Where chicks are placed in a broader house they should not be overcrowded. A 10 by 12 foot colony house will accom- modate a maximum of 300 chicks. Larger numbers are dangerous' from the standpoint of physical comfort and disease. Sufficient hopper space, should be available so that all the chicks may feed comfortably. This requirement will generally be satis- fied by one inch per chick, at the start, with a gradual increase as they become larger. During the whole of the rearing period, when practicable, the birds should have access to free range of as good quality as can be made a- vailable. When the pullets 'begin to lay, they should be taken into the Iayieg houses in order to avoid dif- ficulty in teaching them to use the nests' and so that their feeding may be adjusted to take care of the in- creased demands of egg production. In so far as feeding is concerned, in view of the importance of the growth period upon the eventual production of the pullets, the use of cheap feeds is boor economy, Bean Anthracnose (Experimental Farms Note) Bean anthracnose, or pod spot, is widely distributed • in 'Canada. • It •oc- curs upon field and garden varieties and is caused by a fungus' which at- tacks pods, steins, and leaves. The most conspicuous symptoms are the small, brownish or purplish, event- ually dark and sunken spots on the pods. These spots frequently join together and form irregular sunken areas. In these spots the•funguii pro- duces thousands' of spores which stick together when dry but separate when wet. Usually the fungus penetrates the pods dawn' to the seeds causing their infection. The Division of Botany, of the Dominion Experimental Farms, re- commends crop rotation, good drain- age and weed eradication as safety measures to reduce the severity or anthracnose. It is important to a. void cultivating, working among or picking the beans during wet wea- ther, for this disperses the spores front plant to plant and sets up new centres of infection. In attempting to eontrol this ' dis- ease first emphasis must he placed, on the production or use of anthracnose - free seed as follows': sort out the dis- eased pods' by hand picking; select seed from anthracnose—tree pods and maintain a seed plot for the produc- tion of disease-free eeed;, procure seed from localities in which anthrac- nose does not occur. Bear in mind al- so that it is highly important to plant. the beans sufficiently far from in- fested fields to prevent contamination CROP REPORT Below will be found a brief synop- sis' of telegraphic reports received •at the Head Office of_ the Bank af Mon- treal from its Branches. General Crop prospects over the Prairie Provinees vary greatly, with rust af- fecting an increasing proportion of the wheat crop in 'Manitoba and Sas- katchewan. Over large areas of Al- berta and Saskatchewan lank ofmois- ture, while partially relieved by re- cent rains,' will reduce the yield con- siderably. In Quebec crops, with the exception of apples and, to same ex. tent, tobacco, are generally 'satisfac. tory. Warm dry weather is needed. (harvesting of grain in Ontario is Progressing rapidly under favourable conditions and threshing will be gen- eral this week. Fall wheat is now expected to yield an average of front 25 to 30 bushels' per acre of average quality grain, In the Maritime Pro- vinces crops generally are in good condeti'ose with appljesi promdsiing well. In (British 'Columbia craps generally are progressing satisfac- torily, -with indicated yields' of grains good, and of tree fruits somewhat below average. Details follow. Prairie Provincea Alberta—During the past week heavy rains were general in all Areas except in the :South. Conditions • are generally satisfactory in the Central and Northern areas, although the crop ie ten days late. Some lodging of grain, owing to heavy straw, has been reported. Crops in the South- ern area have suffered from drought and the yield 'will be poor, The beet crop is average. Fifrther hail da. mage has been reported. Saskatche- wan—Recent rains in the North, while .beneficial, have caused serious lodging of grain in a number of districts. Rust continues to take a heavy toll over a large area and the wheat crop generally will be much below expectations. Coarse grains vary from poor to good, while pas- tures and the hay crop are satisfac- tory. IIvlanitoba--Wheat continues to deteriorate from rust infection and it is now evident that a large acre- age of bread grain will not be fit to harvest. Durum wheat and coarse Igrains are less 'seriously affected, and fair to good yields are expected. Province of Quebec In the lower St, Lawrence and Lake St, John districts .grains and hay are average crops. Harvesting of the latter has been delayed by { rains. Root crops are fair to good and pasturage is in good condition, In the Eastern Townships and Ottawa Valley, while frequent rains have fav- oured grain. crops, which give good promise, they have delayed the com- pletion of the harvesting' of an above average crop of hay. Satisfactory yields of root crops appear assured, and pasturage continues abundant. Some hail damage to tobacco has been reported. Hints on Spraying to ` Control Late Blight of Potatoes (Ekperimental Farms Note) iAs a general rule spraying to pre vent late blight shoulkl be •started. when the plants are six to eight in- ches high and repeated at intervals of two weeks. Four applications are considered sufficient in Canada, ex- cept in the Maritime Provinces where it may benecessary to 'spray at ten- day intervals, repeating five er six tunes for Irish 'Cobblers, and six to eight tines for Green Moiintains, Be- fore the spraying season, begins, go carefully over the sprayer, checking up on, such items as pump packing, hose connections, rust accumulations in thenozzles, orac;ied fittings, etc., and replace useless dsics with new ones. Remember also to clean out the ,sprayeretheroughly before put- ting it away for the 'winter. Power sprayers apply approximate- ly 80 gallons per acre. If hand sprayers are used it is advisable to give the field two .sprays in opposite directions on each occasion ,the se- cond application being .made as soon as the first is dry. In this way about eighty gallons of spray will .be used per acre. Lighter applications than this will probably prove disappoint- ing. The spray machine should 'be driven slowly at all times, particular- ly hand powered outfits. The spray most commonly used is known as Bordeaux Mixture and Is made up as follows: Copper sulphate (bluestone), 4 pounds; lime (hydratei or properly slaked stone lime-, 4 pounds; water 40 gallons. To obtain the .best possible solution the lime and hluestone are first dissolved sep- arately in water and the two sola- tions mixed together in the most dil- ute form possible, otherwise a heavy precipitate will form and clog the nozzles. The Division mixture of Botany of the Dominion Expesimen- tal Farms recommends the prepara- tion of Bordeaux mixture from "stock solutions." Farmers and gardeners, Maritime Provinces In New Brunswick and Nova Scotia harvesting of an average crop of good quality hay is well advanced. Grains promise a fair yield on a light stand. Root crops are average, with fair yields of potatoes expected. Pastures are fair to good, with nota. tura required in some areas. The ap- ple crop is promising. In Prince Ed - Ward Island grains are in satisfac- tory condition. A good hay Crop le being harvested. Potatoes premise a below average yield. Pastures are good. Province of British Columbia Recent heavy rains have delayed the harvest and caused some damage to the hay and tomato crops. Hail has occurred in the 'Okanagan Valley but the extent and damage are said to he slight. Grain 'crops are ripens. ing and indicate a good yield. AR roots and vegetables' are a good crop and are moving to market in fair volume. Tree fruits are sizing nor. mall , and the following yields are nw indicated --Dapples end pears 90 per cent of average, peaches and ap' ricots 40 per cent, plums and prunes 75 per cent. Pasturage on the main- land is' .good and water for irrigation is plentiful by spores carried over by the wind. Seed treatment has nat proved sat- isfactory, simply because the chemi- cals used for this purpose impair germination and do not penetrate the seed sufficiently to destroy the parasite. •Spraying with Bordeaux mixture provides a fair measure of control provided the applications are begun soon after the plants have ap. peered above ground and continued at intervals of 10 days until' the pods are formed. READ ALL THE ADS. IN THE NEWS -RECORD IT WILL FAT TO i— 0 therefore, who are not familiar with this method should enquire about it at the nearest Dominion Laboratory of Plant Pathology. For best results spray applications should be made with three nozzles' to each row, one to direct the spray downward upon the tops of the plants, the other two being arranged so as to have the spray directed up- wards to cover the lower surfaces of the leaves. It mast Inciunderstood that success in spraying cannot be realizedunless the leaves are com- pletely coated with the spray, and in order to make this possible it is ne- cessary to maintain high •pressure and pay careful attention to the boom and nozzle adjustments. Same spray outfits 'have a tendency, to lose pressure at the end of the rows, but this objection' may be effectively over- come by skipping every four rows go- ing one way and spraying them on the return trip, for by doing this the sprayer covers sufficient 'distance on the turn to maintain the required pressure. How An Egg Is Made (Experimental '[alis Note) iginating from the ovary and the pit - It has always been recognized that uitary gland respectively. The form - extremely complex processes are in- volved in the manufacture of eggs by the laying hen. The ovary and the oviduct constitute the reproduction tract. The yolks are formed in the ovary and pass' through the oviduct in which the various layers of album, en, the shell membranes and the s'heIl are built into the egg. Different parts of the oviduct manufacture dif- ferent components of the egg, such as thick white, thin white, shell mem- branes and shell. The general char, acteristies of an egg, such as colour, size and shape -are determined by the kind of material that composes the nucleus of the cells of the individual hen. This material is inherited by the hen from her parents. These facts 'have been known for some time but the interesting thing Which has been discovered recently Is the fact that the activity of the ovi- duct and ovary is regulated by chem- ical substances carried by the blood stream. There are several of these chemical substances known as repro- ductive hormones, each originating from a patricular gland and each hav- ing a definite function in the process of egg formation. Of these there are two main hormones, the female hor- mone and the pituitary hormone or- er causes the oviduct to grow and enlarge until it reaches the stage. where it can produce albumen, while the latter is ananufactured and thrown into the blood stream by the pituitary gland and causes the ovary to grew and develop yolks and to pour female hormones into the blood stream. . The pituitary gland is the instiga- toe df the reproductive processes. Up- • - on removal of this gland the repro- ductive organs of both male and fe- male birds shrink to an extremely email size; the males look like true • capons and the females like Poul. ardes, The study of sex hormones in do- mestic poultry is one of considerable content importance since these her - manes regulate not only the prones set concerned' in producing eggs, but those concerned in producing fertile eggs of high hatching qualities. Stud- ies are at present in progress, at the Central Experimental farm, dealing - with the relation between these :hor- mones and the mechanics of egg formation from, which several inter- esting points have emerged. SURE ON ONE POINT Teacher—Now, Bobby, how much., do six and four make? Bobby -eleven. Teacher -Guess again. Bobby (douhtfullfy)--Twelve—nine -• —thirteen. Teacher—ffow about • ten? Bobby—Oh, now, you can't mix me hp that way—five and five make ten, , JUST RIGHT from the Farmers' point of view One thing, in particular, farmers like about the Western Fair. This great exhibition is large enough and important enough to include exhibits by Canada's leading manufacturers and fo give farmers an excel - tent chance to see price•winning exhibits in every branch of agriculture: yet compact enough that he need not miss any of the things he'd like to see. No holiday is more enjoyable than one or two days at the Western Fair. Farmers and their families will find so very much to interest them -- Government exhibits—agricultural displays—farm machinery—manufac- tures—automobile show—horse races and Night Norse Show—midway— hundreds of interesting and unique attractions. WESTERN FAIR 01,14. Saunders LONDON - ONTARIO �+ w. D. Jacksons: ,President Sept. 9th to 14th, 1936 Secretary' 37 saidgbareaserstebowaseselgaseers Customers Have To Be Bought Worth -while things cost money. This means that retailers must part with money in order to get custom- ers. Customers require to be bought just as one's merchandise has to be bought. Customers are not likely to .be ob- tained apart from seeking them. They must be pursued, and they must be asked to do business with the retailer who wants their eustbm. You would think that all this is as plain as is the nose on one's face. But stop! ;Answer this' question: What have yon, a retailer, done in the past month—to go no farther bask --.to seek and get new custom- ers? How many son -customers of your store have received invitations fro2n you to db business with you? Hew many persons have received communications from ybu, request- ing their custom? How many per- sons have you informed, in their heones, about your blusiness, your merchandise, your policies? How much money have you spent Otte past mnoth on the purchase of cus- tomers? Just waiting for customers is the acine of folly., Just relying on the conviction that the public ought to do business with you is folly. Just soothing yourself with the refiee- tions that you are honest, that yens give the public a square deal, that your store has a good location, that. you price merchandise fairly—these are passive things. It is action which counts in get- ting the things which we want. An infant cries. This is its way of snaking its mother or nurse know that it wants something. Is it fair to a business to be doing nothing in a planned way to get new eustomers• for it? :Advertising by all businesses will make and keep our town a gotrd shopping centre. The Clinton News4tecord $1.50 a year. Words More AND IT'S A GOOD ADVERTISING ' MEDIUM