Loading...
HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe Clinton News Record, 1934-10-18, Page 6PAGE 6 THE CLINTON NEWS -RECORD, THUR,S.; .00T 18, 1934 i TimelyInformation for the Busy Farmer ( Furnished by the Department of. Agriculture ) Cement Wash Helps The increased` use of wall -board in the construction and lining of poul- try hquses shows that 'birds some- times peek at the wall -board material and do considerable damage. An ef- fective way to overcome this difficulty isto use a mixture of equal parts ot• lime and cement mixed with water to the consistency of a thick paste, and apply with •a brush. This mixture forms a hard, 'durable surface • on which the birds can make no impret- eion. Information on Tomatoes Sincethevalue of the tomato has. been fully realized, its production and use has increased tremendously, un- til now in Eastern Ontario alone there are 2,000 growers supplying the canning factories. .They plant, in a normal year, over 8,000 acres of to- matoes. The centre where most to- matoes for canning are -grown -c'on- sists roughly of a strip of land five miles wide and extending along the shore of Lake Ontario from .Port Hope to Napanee. This includes all of Prince Edward County. In this district there are over seventy ;can- ning factories. In addition to the acreage grown for canning, there Is a considerable acreage grown for soup companies, who operate in'oth- er localities. The returns to the growers from this crop amount to ap- proximately $800,000 in a year. It is essential that these growers know the latest methods and the correct prevention of diseases and in- sects if they are' to succeed and to this end the Department has publish- ed an excellent' circular on the sub- ject which should be 'in the hands of every tomato grower. The bulletin is very concise and everything is tabu- lated and easy to and. The circular, No. 53, niay be obtained by writing to the Department of Agriculture, Parliament Buildings, Toronto. Keep the Pullets Well Fed The time is at hand When pullets should be confined to their winter quarters, but the pens should first be thoroughly ' cleaned and disinfect- ed. Birds will not do their best work H infested with lice or mites. It is during the winter months that the birds make their best profits, and for this reason they should be housed and fed in a manner that will keep them healthy and vigorous. They will re- quire a full ration of suitable feed, besides plenty of clean water, green feed, shell and grit. The eharge from the growing ra- tion to the laying mash should be made gradually. Home-grown grains cannot be sold for much on the mar- ket, and while they may form a large proportion of the birds' ration they do not supply all necessary ingred- ients for the production of eggs. The use of a high protein commercial mash mixed with chopped home- grown grains will give much better results than the .grains alone. Good Care Essential The properly, balanced 'ration ac- complishes wonderful results when fed to stock that is rightly bred, well managed and correctly housed. Houses and equipment, such as brooders, feed hoppers„ drinking pans etc., that are sufficient to :accommo. date 100 chicks will not take care of 500. Satisfactory growth cannot be made under such conditions. Growing stock needs lots of feed; provide a good grain feed and a good growing mash in hoppers so the birds can get it. The condition of a carcass when it is marketed depends ahnost entirely on the way the bird is cared for up to the time it is killed. This means the way in which it is grown and the way it is fattened for market. A poorly grown bird will not take on weight satisfactorily; its digestive organs have not developedsufficient- ly to handle the more or less concen- trated feed' that is fed during the fat- tening Period, nor does the bird have the vitality to stand up ' under this fattening .process. Planting of Evergreens The nurserymen's slogan, "It is not a home until it is planted," is very true;- and the farmhouse which has to stand on its own merits, and is of- ten set among unsightly outbuildings, would seem to be more in need of background and foundation planting than the town or city house which, in many cases, gains in value mad ap- pearance from the plantings on neigh- boring grounds. Evergreens are -be- ing etxensively used for foundation planting now and where circumstanc- es permit are unquestionably the most satisfactory. Once established evergreens require a minimum of at- tention and are attractive at all sea- sons, Dwarf Mountain Pine, Japanese Yew, and certain varieties of juniper and cedar' are most suitable for foundation planting; and, while the cost is greater than for many other shrubs, they are worth the difference. After Planning on the shrubs to be planted, the work can be accomplish- ed over a period of years, in this way the -outlay at any one time need not be unreasonably high. Watering can also be better attendedtowhen only a few are plantedat a time, be- cause evergreens .must not be allow- ed todry out during the first year. * * * Weekly 'Crop Report Mangels and turnips are reported to be a very good crop in many local- ities. Dufferin County farmers' have planted only 25 per cent of the acre- age of fall wheat seeded last year. Corn growers in North Simeoe have a surplus over the amount needed for silos..' Corn ear worm there has been serious, causing considerable loss in late crops of sweet corn. Demand for farm labour in Sinicoe County has exceeded the supply'. Fall plow- ing and after -harvest cultivation is well advanced in the majority - of dis- tricts. Livestock is in much improv- ed condition due to improved pastures. Cases of bloat amongcattlehave been reported in Lincoln County and some have died as the result of eating too much green alfalfa. A larger' quan- tity of alfalfa seed has been harvest- ed 'in Lincoln than for some years. Oxford reports a big improvement in the feed situation, with an 'abundance of feed everywhere. Heavy frost in Prince Edward County caught many tomato vines, pumpkin and other ten- der foliage. Many canning factories there -will cease operations at once. Spring seeding in Victoria County ap- pears to be excellent. Barley was an excellent crop there, selling as high as 72 cents a bushel. A numiber of cheese factories in Frontenac have closed owing to lack of sufficient -milk to carry on, Renfrew County reports the largest acreage of alfalfa that has ever been saved for seed, this year. Yields have reached as high as 350 to 400 lbs. per acre and red clover is giving about '150 lbs. to the acre. British Poultry Comments In view of the increasing interest being taken in the British market by the Canadian market poultry produc- ers and dealers, the following ex- tracts from a recent paper by Dudley Game, of Game •& Son, Smithfield Market, London, is of timely interest, "If I am asked: "What weight of chicken is required in the London Markets?' I should say plump chick- ens of all weights, but the prices of chickens under 3 pounds will inevit- ably be below the price for those over that weight." "Prior to the restrictions on im- ported poultry, large quantities of 21/ pound chickens were arriving from the Continent in a' frozen or chilled condition, and were finding a ready market at wholesale prices of 8d. to 1-. per pound. Those chickens were largely bought by caterers and also largely by fishmongers, butchers,' and provision merchants as a side -line, and could be kept in refrigeration and used as required. Further. they were meaty little birds, and very closely graded for weight. Certain brands had become well-known for their quality grading. They were -neither sold nor bought out of preference for foreign goods, hut because anything. similar in English goods was not obtainable, nor is it to -day." Egg and Poultry Market Review, Domin- ion Department of Agriculture. DON'T 'BELIEVE TT The 'small boy arrived home from school enthusiastic about his history lesson,' "We heard today," he said, "all about. Columbus who went 2,000 miles on a galleon." ' "You mustn't believe all you hear about those American cars," said his father. • HE KNEW Mother to her little boy, (after tel- ling her a He): "Do you know- what happens to little boys who tell lies?". "Yes, mother, they travel' half fare." Harvesting Swedes for Seed -Roots (Experimental Farms Note). When harvesting swede roots for seed production only those roots that aretypical of the varietywhich the Y represent should be saved. The roots should be smooth, without pronginess and have neat necks. In order that uniformity may be main- tained and improved, fully matured roots should be selected. 'Where con- siderable quantities are ' required, smaller roots may be selected for the main crop- and larger, fully matured roots for the seed plot, which should be grown at as :great a distance from the main crop as is possible. This practice will be somewhat more ec- onomical than - using large roots throughout and if seed for. further multiplication is always taken from the seed plot, reasonable uniformity can be maintained. Where a club -root resistant variety is being grown, seed roots should al- ways be grown on land that is defin- ately known to be infested with this disease and only roots that are ab- solutely free' from disease selected. Wfflen pulling the roots, do not cut any of the small rootlets, but simply shake off as much of the earth as is possible without undue injury :to the roots or rootlets. The tops should be cut off about an inch to' an inch and a half from the crown. The woody part of the neck should not be cut, as the main shoot from this will give a much more sat- isfactory growth next spring than will the Iateral shoots which develop when the main one is injured. Seed from the main shoots will ripen more. uniformly and plants with this type of growth are easier to work among with hoe and cultivator and do not break as readily with the wind. Seed roots can be stored either in pits out of doors, or in a dark, well ventilated cellar free from frost, yet sufficiently cool to keep them from sprouting too early in the spring. A Lecture on Cancer (continued from page 3) son this cell departs from the ordin- ary; habit, and not onlydevides but continues to subdivide indefinitely. Under the microscope one can observe the birth and growth of the cancer cell, can see it spread, invade and destroy the healthy tissues: one can distinguish cancer cells from the or- dinary tissue cells, and classification of the different types of cancer and tumour growth can be made. Cancer seems to be a local rebellion of a group of cells against the es- tablished order. The rebellious cells are unrestrained in their action; they are "bolshevists," and if the local riot is not properly checked it may develop so as to destroy life. The cause of this untoward action. on the part of the errant cell is un- known. Cancer is non-infectious; it is not hereditary; it is not introduced from without; it is generated within the body. There is no true germ or parasite to which tho growth of can- cer can be ascribed. Cancer itself is a parasite grafted upon the human organism upon which it acts in a de- structive fashion. Cancer may be a combination of diseases. Fifty years ago fever was a term used to cover a large variety of affections. The cause of most of these fevers having been discovered, they are now classified as typhus. and typhoid fever, pneumonia, mal- aria, etc. •Many physicians believe that cancer is similarly a general term that may cover a variety of dis- eases. It is well known that there are several types of cancer of the skin for example, and it may be that the light of future knowledge will separate cancer into its component parts. and aid in the solution of its - 'control. In addition to the true cancer there are other forms of it -regular growths known as benign tumours. These are all more or less associated with mal- ignant or cancer tumours but are'. comparatively harmless in themsel- ves. There are cell processes which precede true cancer and which are known as pre -cancerous conditions: These pre -cancerous -reactions of tissue cells appear to be due to the influence- of some external irritant or of some internal stimulus. Some of those growths result In cancer, and most cancers develop from some such primary overgrowth of cells. Thus it appears that there is a stage in the life history of earteer when " the - growth, while a departure from the normal, is not actually cancer. Ex- amples of x-amples'of this are seen in the pearly appearance of the Hp in smokers; in the white spots on the tongue or in- side the cheep, or in the scaly accum- ulations of epidermis on the faces of elderly persons. - These are not can- cer; they are pre -cancerous condi- tions which may and frequently do, become cancerous. As already pointed out, no real cause of cancer has so far been -dis covered. All the causes which we know of are predisposing or orbiting conditions which appear to be relat- ed to the origin of cancer. These in - elude: 1. 'Hereditary predispositions 2, Age • 3, Embryological faults 4. Irritation and %njury 5. Biochemical stimuli 6. Diet and civilization, - In both animals nthere e a dmen t re are those whose susceptibility to cancer is stronger or weaker than is - .the case with others. As in tu'berculosis and many other affections the tenden- cy to enden-cyto acquire the disease is higher in some than in other are relatively more other persons, their particular affection is more favourable s. Such persons susceptible than resistance to the is less, the soil to the growth of the disease. The .hereditary predis- position to cancer is, like that of tuberculosis, the true conception. There is no evidence that cancer is transferred from parent to child. Age is a definite factor in the on- set of cancer. W1 ile malignant growths may originate at any age, the liability to cancer increases with the years of Iife. The 'work of pre- ventive medicine has extended the length of" life of the individual. Through this extension there is pro- vided an additional number of potens tial cancer victims, The newer coun- tries with a younger population have, less cancer than the older civiliza- tions. As -the population becomes of more advanced. age, the mortality of cancer increases. The human body is a'eomplex and wonderful structure. Its elements are the product of a single cell. As in all.structures'there are "faults" in the body construction, and it is not uncommon for a tumour to grow from one of these faults. Only a few of such growths are dangerous; most of them are innocent. The great can- cers of the body, as a rule, take their origin from mature cells but now and then one develops from an embryoi- ogical fault. It is not known how irritation acts in exciting the growth of cancer, but there is no doubt that injury and chronic irritation of a part often in- duce cancer. The surface of the body and the alimentary canal .are among the chief sites of cancer. These re- gions also are the most subject to irritation. Many ehecimal and physi- cal agents are known to excite can- cer. Irritation is the commonest "cause" of cancers of the parts of the body subject to injurious influences. Knowledge of this fact is of assis- tance in the prevention of cancer. Avoidance of iritation or the removal of irritating agents are the potent measures in the reduction of cancer. The human body is a complex chem- ical laboratory. The growth of glan- dular cancer, and •perhaps of other forms, is probably excited by the in- fluence of the chemical processes of the body. In this field research may possibly uncover the real cause of cancer. Sine cancer occurs alike in vege- tarians, in meat eaters, and in those using a mixed diet, the kind of food consumed has probably no effect in originating cancer. No diet will pre- dispose to, nor prevent cancer in the individual. But the manner in which food is used may cause irritation, and thus excite a malignant growth. Foods taken too hot, er bolted with- out proper mastication, may act as irritants or cause indigestion, and so provoke cancer of the stomach or in- testines. Nor can civilization justly be blamed for the induction of can- cer. Certain civilized habits, higher life development and the greater av- erage age of civilization may account for the possible excessof the cancer of civilized people over that of prim- itive people. It is obviously impos- sible to disown the advantages of civ- ilized life and assume primitice hab- its. The remedy is rather to gain control of cancer by research and ap- plication of scientific knowledge. As already indicated, cancer grows by the proliferation of its cells to form additional canmr cells and that cancer spreads through invasion of adjacent tissue by the cancer cells or by their dissemination through the lymphatic vessels • and blood vessels to distant parts. The spread of the original growth to other parts of the body is known as metastasis. The great danger in cancer comes from this invasion. The rate of this in- vasion and the destructive effect of the invading cells vary greatly in dif- ferent cancers and .thus' some cancers are much more dangerous than oth- ers. The time for successful action is limited. -Diagnosis and treatment, to be' satisfactory, must be applied at the earliest possible opportunity. Destruction of a small cancer at its -beginning, or removal of irrita- tion and continued observationof pre- cancerous states would do much to limit the mortality of this dangerous disease. Cancer is at first a local disease, and if removed in the early stage is •curable. The early signs of cancer are fre- quently obscure. In, many there is no apparent tumour. Most of them are painless. They are painless until theirsize causes pressure on nerve filaments, or interferes with the func- tion of an organ. But usually there are danger signals. There is. a sore, say on the rip, the tongue or inside of salsammeen *am, the cheek, which fails to heal; there is the red flag of haemorrhage from the lower bowel or the internal or- gans of women; there is the Iump in , the breast the continued hoarseness j from a growth in the larynx; the pro- tracted indigestion which fails to re- spond to the usual remedies. These are facts which should be ?natters of. everyday Y knowledge. Any of these signs should be regarded with the gravest suspinion and every opportun- ity taken to prove or disprove their. association with cancer. Neither pa- tient nor doctor -can affordto gamble on the chances that any 'single one et these signs is an innocent Date.: Noth- ing should be left to ehanee. Every available means - of diagnosis, -under such circumstances, should be re- sorted to and the investigation of•. such signs should be pursued until the question of cancer oe no cancer is solved. It is a very great mistortune for the human' race that cancer in - its early stages is not often accompanied by pain. If cancer were only as pain- ful as toothache from the start, - thousands of those who procrastinate. until the disease is too far gone for curative measures, would be relieved of their troubles and cured of their disease. The chief, resources in the treat- ment of cancer are: Surgery, X-rays and Radium. Of these resources'that of surgery has long held the field, and surgery remains the most potent agent of treatment in cancer of the stomach, of the intestines, the fundus of the uterus, and other abdominal organs, though this field is being somewhat invaded by Medication either as an active -or as an auxiliary to surgical treatment; it is still the best resource in cancer of the larynx and oes- phagus, but in these fields also radium is taking a part. In treatment of cancer of the breast, surgery holds the chief place. Here again radion and X-rays are widely used in auxil- iary treatment and are considered by some clinicians to be the best method. In cancers of the surface of the body, the lips, buccal cavity, the jaws and throat and the uterine cervix, radium and X-rays afford very satis- factoryresults, especially if cases are seen early, a requisite that widely enhances 'the opportunity of cure by any method. It appears, therefore, that for the largest number of can- cers of the human body, surgery is still the method of choice, but it is equally apparent that both radium and X-rays are powerful and effec- tive methods of treatment, and that facilities for treatment of cases should include the best in all three lines. In addition to these methods there is a variety of therapeutic measures such as various serums, the use of colloidal lead, etc., the results from which are, so far, too remote as ser- iously to enter into competition with the proven results of the well-known triad mentioned. What the future holds in the direction of new treat- ment of cancer, it is impossible to say. It is the hope of everyone that sim- pler and even more effective thera- peutic agents in cancer treatment may, ere longrbe discovered. In an address of this nature it is unnecessary to dilate upon the value of surgical treatment. This form of treatment since the days of the im- mortal Lister has shown an extraor- dinary development, and some of the most prominent surgeons are of the opinion that its limits as a thera- peutic measure have almost been reached. Surgery still holds the field in cancer treatment; the surgeon has reached an astonishingly high de- gree.of skill; he is confident of:him- self, and it will only be by a discov- ery of newer, more exact, and simpler methods that he will be dethroned. The limited time in this address given to the consideration of the surgical treatment of cancer, fails to indicate the immense value of sur- gery as a therapeutic agent in mal- ignant growths. The surgical treat- ment of cancer is so well-known both within and without the profession that it seems out of place to say more than •that, in our present state of knowledge, surgery still holds the premier position; it is still the line of approach in ,the majority of can- cers. Opinion of the value of early surgi- cal measures in cancer is given by Lord Moynihan, one of the most dis- tinguished of British surgeons, as, follows: - - "No, better illustration of the value of early surgical interference in cases, for example, of cancer of the breast could be given thanthestat-. ictics published three' years ago by our Minister of health. Very brief- ly, it was found that when the opera tion for cancer - of this. origin was performed in the early stage of the disease, 90.1 per cent of women were alive and well ten years after opera- tion, 'whereas if the disease was very advanced. 94.4 per cent were dead within this period. Thenature of the disease was the same, the opera- tion the same;' the stage of the dis- ease made all the difference. - It is true to say that every single case of Dancer where the disease is accessible to the surgeon, is curable in the early stage, for cancer is at first a I local disease. It - is - quite obvious, therefore, that the future success of surgery very largely depends upon the education of the public in these matters and of a very clear recogni- tion of that fact that their only fear should be the fear of delay." Radium is a radio -active substance derived from pitch-blende, the chief. source ofwhich is the 4 w Belgian Con- go: In 1896 Becquerel discovered that the elemer t uranium, the im- portant constituent of pitchblende, emitted rays capable of passing through material substances, and 'a little later M. and Mme. Curie prov- ed that these rays were produced by the disintegration of the uranium. atom,' that a new element which they called radium was formed, and that this in its turn was subjeet to continuous disintegration, during which similar rays were emitted. The dotal (approximately of rad- ium available in the world is 25. ounces. The United States owns 50 grams, the British Isles 60 grams, and Fiance 50 grams. Radion is used in two forms, ant as the element which in appearance resembles white pepper, and, second, in solution from which an emanation or gas called radon, is produced: The dose in each form can be accur- ately measured and is usually re- ferred to as so many milligrams of radium element. The disintegration of radium is a slow process, one half disappearing in a period of 1690 years. Its final disposition is lead. During the pro- cess of disintegration energy is lib- erated in the form of alpha, beta and gamma rays. The emanation of rad- ium is a gas which will be lost unless ; the radium. from which it arises is kept in a sealed receptacle. In the sealed container radium emanation gradually accumulates in an increas- ing amount, and it is used chiefly in the form of "seeds,' which are tiny sealed receptacles of. gold or other material, and which may be inserted into or about the growth, the time employed and the quantity used con- stituting the dose. In a little less than four days the emanation (rad- on) loses half its strength. Radium is very expensive. Its pro- duction at presest is chiefly in the hands of the company called the Radium Belge with headquarters at Brussels. The company's works are at Colon, near Antwerp, and the op- eration of transforming pitch blende to radium, requires 67 processes. The effect of radium, element, of the emanation and of X-rays, is much the same, and preference for one or the other, is chiefly a matter of con- venience, accessibility of the growth, and personal experience. For the treatment of tumours, the hard or gamma rays are used, the softer rays being cut off by a filter of lead, plat- inum or other metal. The reason why these rays, in appropriate dose, de- stroy cancer cells, and at the same time have a minimum effect upon normal cells of the body, is largely because thecancer cells are in a con- stant state of division, and are, con- sequently, more sensitive to the rays than normal cells, In addition to this, the rays are believed to have an effect upon the surrounding tissues, which contributes to the cure of can- cer. Both X-rays and radium in exces- sive dose, are very dangerous,. so those in charge .of treatment must use the greatest care in prescribing the dosage used, and in adopting• safeguards necessary to the protec- . tion of both workers and patients. The use of irradiation, whether from X-rays or radium, ydemands prolong- ed experience and meticulous ear°. It is a form of treatment that can only be successful and be carried out. .• safely in an institution for the pur- pose, in the hands 0 l ha ds f skilled opera- tors; it is NOT one for .the general practitioner. Everywhere this fact must' be stressed'. The rays of rad- ium and the Roentgen rays are in- visible, potent against for good when properly used; they are dangerous in .• the hands of -persons , unskilled in. their use. The X-rays 'have much - the same• effect as the rays from radium, They are really the same thing but can be • used where the local situation of the . growth prevents the ready applica- tion of radium. In certain places in Germany, for - example, cancers of all kinds are treated with X-rays, the projector - of the rays being forced in close to the growth, in the abdomen or breast,. just as one can force one's fist into a. soft pillow. Both the rays of rad- ium and X-rays can be accurately- measured, there being an internation- al "yard -stick" for this •purpose, thus' ' allowing of the dose in one country being the same as.in another. Neither radium nor X-rays are - cure-alls; they are auxiliaries to eurgery in the treatment of cancer, with the fortunate exception that in cancers of the mouth, throat, lips, skin and the uterine cervix, they are - probably better methods of treat- ment than surgery. Thousands of reports of cancer have been accumulated all tending to - show that this disease of humanity is almost never hopeless; that cures :have been obtained in seemingly the most futile cases, and that the greatest obstacle to the improved ' treatment of the disease is the men- tal lethargy and the hopeless atti- tude of the general public. This public condition can be chang- ed only by education, by the use of ' the true facts about cancer, by the spread of knowledge as to newer and improved methods of treatment and ' by urging the public to present them- selves to the physician not when the - earliest signs appear, but yearly af- ter 35 years of age,, just as they vis it the dentist. Prevention of cancer may be a- chieved to a considerable degree by the education of the public and of ' doctors, nurses and dentists in the - early signs of the disease. - It is a lamentable fact that, all over the world, one see the majority - of cases coming too late for treat- ment. There is a fear of cancer. The only fear should be the fear of delay. Education in the early signs of can- cer will be of service; the great hope is the public health education of the child. In this work every profes- sional unit can assist; the doctor, the dentist, the teacher and the nurse. There must be wide publicity, through the press, by radio, by ex- hibits, by lectures, pamphlets, and ' by personal contact. These will cost , money, but no money could be more wisely spent. The periodical health-. • examination, like the yearly visit to • the dentist, would save many lives. READ THE ADVERTISEMENTS... IN THE NEWS -RECORD WHEN your boss is a czar .. and he expects you to be two places at the same time .. and he won't take excuses ... Use your telephone ... Long Distance, will help you do the impossible. As The telephone will take you to the next town or township or across the continent with equal facility. It's your quick, easy, de- pendable messenger in any emergency. And rt's inexpensive -100 miles for as little as 30c. See' list of rates in the front of your directory. 1