HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe Clinton News Record, 1937-04-08, Page 7PAGE 6
THE CLINTON NEWS -RECORD
THURS., APRIL 8, 1937 "
NEWS AND HAPPENINGS OF
Timely Information for the
Bug Farmer
(Furnished by the Department of Agriculture)
Selection of Eggs • for Hatching
The Department of Poultry Hus-
bandry, O.A.C., Guelph, in Bulletin
379, "Farm- Poultry," advise to "se-
lect eggs for size, shape and colour.
In view of the weight standard for
market eggs, it is wise to select eggs
for hatching which are two ounces or
better in weight. It is well to keep
in mind that two -ounce pullet eggs
are equal to,a somewhat heavier egg
from the same bird as a hen. Contin-
uous selection,year after year, will
give results. Do not select dirty eggs
or handle eggs with soiled hands. The
egg shell is porous, hence there is a
possibility of contamination."
"Eggs deteriorate in hatching qual-
ity .with age. When holding eggs for
hatching, keep them in a cool place
at about fifty to sixty degrees Fah-
renheit. The temperature should be
uniform. Be sure that the place is
clean and not musty. Eggs for
hatching should be kept not longer
than 'ten days, and the sooner the
eggs are set after being laicl, the bet-
ter the hatch is likely to be."
Planting On The Farm
Woodland on the farm is considered
an asset by most farmers. The own-
er of a 10-15 acre woodlot is indepen-
dent in regard to fuelwood and lum-
ber for repairs and minor . building
around the farm. An agricultural dis-
trict will grow better crops and liv-
ing conditions are improved if 10-15
per cent. of the area is in woodland.
It is a windbreak for the crops in
winter and summer and helps to con-
trol floods by holding back and re-
ducing the surface run-off. Wood-
land acts as a resorvoir that tends to
keep a regular supply of water in the
wells and springs.
The areain woodland should be in-
creased in many districts and most
farms would be better if some plant-
ing was done. Each farmer should
carefully survey his farm, and decide
on the locations that should be plant-
ed.
Very little planting is necessary or
will be successful in .a woodlot that
has not been pastured 'for years, as
nature Inas attended to the starting of
a new crop of trees. Planted trees
would be crowded out by the vigorous
trees that have started from seed.
Trees may be planted in a corner that
has not deeded up or an evergreen
windbreak may be needed on the north
and west ides of the woods.
Planting will be successful in an
open pastured woodlot. The planting
will speed up the restocking, and it
gives the owner an opportunity to in-
troduce valuable species such as pine,
spruce, walnut, oak and white ash.
White spruce, white pine and sugar
maple will grow under the shade of
light foliaged trees such as poplar
and paper birch. The trees in the pas-
tured woods and underplanting under
poplar do not require the 6 foot spac-
ing that is recommended for open
land planting as there will be natural
reproduction starting if the stock are
kept out.
There are areas on many farms
that would be better growing trees.
It may be a steep hillside that is dif-
ficult to work, or that is eroding.
Sandy -and gravelly soils are often a
liability if they are not growing trees.
There are small irregular fields that
are cut off by a creek, road or rail-
road.
Every farm should have a wind-
break to protect the, farm buildings.
It improves living conditions by
breaking the force of the winds, re-
duces snow -drifting on roads and a-
round buildings if properly located
and gives a beautiful setting for the
buildings.
There are odd corners around the
farm buildings that are not and never
will be utilized. These corners' if
planted would improve the appearance
of the farm, keep down weeds and be
growing something of value.
Landowners in Ontario may secure
free shall trees for planting wind-
breaks, plantations and restocking
1eS\AASH IOT CL
PUNT "DODGING"
3L
Pictures may be improved during en
"shadow
WREN an advanced amateur
T• or professional photograpber
shows some of his beautiful salon
pictures to a group of interested but
uninitiated people, some of them
are euro to ask questions such as
these:
"How in the world do you get
those lovely tones? How did you
make this picture so dark in this
part and light in that? How did you
get the soft effect in this one? How
did you get the light to :shine so
brightly on the principal object and
scarcely at all on the rest of the pic-
ture? How do you make these ob-
jects in the shadowy parts dim yet
visible; and objects in the light
parts to stand out so distinctly? My
camera won't take pictures like
that."
And the cryptic answer is likely.
to be, "Neither will mine, exactly."
"Then, how do you get all these
' different gradations- in shadow
tones? These pictures are like paint-
ings. Do you touch up the negative
with something?"
And the answer will be, "No, I do
not touch up the negative; I dodge
the print."
"Dodge the print? What do you
paean—'dodge?' "
Then conies an explanation of a
method whereby a very ordinary
picture, as recorded on the nega-
tive, niay often be transformed into
a work of art in the process of mak-
ing an enlarged print of it. "Dodg-
ing," in the slang of photography,
means . interrupting some of the
light passing through the negative
to ,the sensitized paper during the
printing of the picture. ".Dodging"
lamina by controlling tones with a
brush."
may be done in contact printing,
but more effectively in ;making en-
largemente. It is done by holding
something opaque between the light
source and the paper, such as a
piece of cardboard, in such a way
as •to keep the light from striking
a certain area for a certain portion
of the time. Thus, that part which
continues to receive . the full light
will print darker than the part from
which the light is held back. In
other words, the light is caused to
"dodge" a certain aSea.
Virtually, the shadow from the
cardboard in the hands of the pho-
tographer is used as a paint brush.
It serves to light the dark parts.
In another way, a print 18 "dodged"
by using a piece of cardboard with
a hole in it. The hole lets through
a pencil of light, which is manipu-
lated over the surface of the paper
and serves to darken the light parts.
'Pike intelligent use of a' "shadow
brush" or "light brush" in •this fash-
ion requires a preliminary study
of the negative or a contact print
as it would ordinarily register in
order to discover where "dodging"
would improve the picture. Often it
means a number of trials before the
result is satisfactory,
Amateurs who .do not enlarge
their own negatives may suggest
to their photo, finisher how they
think a print may be improved by
"dodging," and ask him for a spoeial
job on it. Of course, the greater sat-
isfaction conies from doing this
work yourself, But that is the way
many of the lovely effects we see in
salon photographs ars obtained.
126 JOHN VAN GUILDER.
INTEREST TO
woodlots. Application forms and de-
scriptive literature may be secured
by applying to The Forestry Branch,
Parliament Building's, Toronto, tree
nurseries at St. Williams, Midhurt
and Orono, or the county agricultural
offices.
Conservation Committees
There has been a conservation com-
mittee ' appointed by many of the
county councils this year. One of the
first• questions asked is what activi-
ties should' and will the committee
sponsor? Naturally they wish to ac-
complish something tangible, and this
often leads to a planting scheme:
Planting • is necessary and all work
along this line is to be commended.
Is planting the most important and
is it not over -emphasized when com-
ported to other activities that a con-
servation committee night carry on?
Is not the conservation of the re-
maining woodland the most important
I
consideration? • Most people realize'
that planting would not be necessary
today if 10 acres of woods had been
left on every 100-200 acro farm and
all the sub -marginal land left in tim-
ber rather than clearing for agricul-
tural crops and allowing fire to run
through cut -over lands.
How can we encourage farmers to
take measures to preserve the wood-•
land that remains on their farms, If
a farmer considers the woodlot an
asset, he will preserve it. A woodlot
that pays dividends is more liable to
be preserved than one that doesn't.
Much larger returns will be received
over a period of years by following
forestry principles in the management
than in carrying on the common prac-
tices of clear -cutting: young growth,
allowing trees to decay, cutting all
valuable species and leaving weed
trees' to seed up the woods, Partners
will plant trees more readily if their
neighbor is making money from his
woods.
All woodland should have small
trees coming on ready to take the
place of the large trees that are cut.
This reproduction may be secured
naturally, that is from the seed that
falls from the large trees and the
farmer does not have to make a cash
outlay., It is a -guarantee that there
will be a woodlot there 50-75 years
hence. The natural reproduction is
interfered with and in many woodlots.
eliminated by the graing of livestock.
Moro reforestation could be secured
M a few years from natural repro-
duction
eproduction if all woodlots had the stock
shut out than will be planting in the
next fifty years.
The main activity of a conserva-
tion committee should be education,
and the following phases should be
emphasized:
1. The value of woodlots to the far-
aner, community and . province.
2. Forestry principles that may
economically be prat ;sed in woodland
on Southern Ontario woodlots.
3. The necessity and the technique
of establishing plantations and wind
breaks. Municipalities should take
the lead in planting, as they can wait
the 50-75 years that it takes trees to
grow to merchantable size.
HOG SITUATION IN
CANADA
The highest number of hogs on
farms jn Canada for the past six
years was recorded in the December
survey of 1936, the estimater number
being 4,422,400. All the provinces of
the Dominion contributed to the in-
crease which represent an advance of
7 per cent over the number of hogs
on Canadian farms, at June 1, 1986,
ani 12 per cent greater than the es-
timated number on December 1, 1935.
The 1936 increase is partly attribut-
able to the abundant and relatively
low-priced supplies of feed grains
which were available during the lat-
ter part of 1985 and the early part
of 1936.
An increase of 20 per cent is also
shown in the number of hogs intend-
ed for market and for farm slaughter
from December 1936 to May 1937 as
compared with the corresponding
period in 1935-86. Large increases in
numbers to be marketed are report-
ed from Ontario, Manitoba, and Sas-
katchewan. During Sanitary and
February of 1937, marketings Con-
tinued appreciably higher than they
were in the corresponding period a
year ago.
However, production prospects for
1937 have been affected by the high
price and shortage of feed grains,
particularly in the Prairie. Provinces
and Ontario, Farmers reported at
December 1 a•decrease of 8 per cent
in the number of sows expected to
farrow in the spring of 1937 as com-
pared with the expected farrowingsi
of the spring of 1936. It is expected'
that higher feed prices since the date,.
of reporting may lead to a scone -
What greater decline in farrowings•l
than was anticipated at December 11
1986.
The total number of hogs estimats
ed on farms in Canada as at Decem-
ber 1, 1936 by provinces is as fol-
lows—Prince Edward Island, 41,100;
Nova Scotia, 54,300; New Brunswick,
74,900; Quebec, 730,000; Ontario, 1,-
639,900; Manitoba, 244;100; Saskat-
chewan, 666,900; Alberta; 855,700;
British Columbia, 65-,200;;gvaud;total
4,422,400.
FARMERS
Farm Lands' Swept lip High Winds for Lack average farm world Hover be missed SIIARP•INCREASE
J1L FL and time we would all be mighty
of Bush Lot
Present Generation Paying For Ruthless $ewing Down of Trees By An-
cestors; Reforestation the Way to Better Farming, Happier Living.
(:Che following article written by
Mackellar McArthur, in The London
Free Press, is an interesting: item that
could be written about many Huron
farms• and
we publish this in the hope
of getting more trees planted: this
It isn't often that I feel anything
resembling sympathy for a -crow, but
1 did have some such feeling the oth-
er day when I saw a bunch trying
to .fly against a strong north wind.
They were zooming rip and down,
close to the, ground, and seemed to be
having altogether a hard time of it.
Why they were flying north" I don't
know; perhaps there was good pick-
ing in a cornfield in that direction.
The feeling of sympathy came from
their difficulty in bucking the wind.
It seems to me ever since we came
back to the country after an absence
of over two years that I have been.
doing all my work to the accompani-
ment of strong winds. I hear the
wind when I wake up in the morning,
it tears at my clothes all day and at
night it roars in the trees and shakes
the house every once in a while, just
to give us a hint of what it might do
if it really got down to business.
Two years isn't a long time, and 1
know this is the windy season of the
year, but it is easy to see why the
winds a r e stronger and steadier.
There are fewer trees jn the country
and we can see miles in directions
which were formerly blocked by
woodlots on nearly every farm. The
fame which has a few acres of bush -
land is now becoming a rarity and
many a farm has scarcely a standing
tree, except for a few scattered pines
around the buildings. Some even lack
windbreaks. And the winds whoop
across country from, all points of the
eolnpass, increasing in destructive
power each year and making farming
more difficult.
The other day I picked up a for-
eigner on the road and after we had
driven away I began to question him
about his reactions to this country.
Ile' had :one complaint,. and 1 was quite
ready to agree with him.
"To much wind, this country," he
said. "Mine- country wind blow one,
two hours, then stop. This country
same like West country; wind blow
alfa time." Otherwise he was satis-
fled.
The agremente in favor of refores-
tation have been repeated almost to
the point of weariness, but with the
exception of a few attempts at plant-
ing trees very little has been done
about it, in this district at least, and
from observations tirade :in other sec-
tions I doubt if very much is being
done in Western Ontario. Most far -
niers will agree about the menace of
the increasing winds and that some-
thing .should be done about it, but it
still remains for some concerted plan
to be put into effect and really car-
ried out. I know the Provincial Gov-
ernment and most of, the counties
have reforestation policies, but there
will have to be a lot of planting be-
fore the force of the wind will- be
broken as it sweeps across this pen -
Our own woodlot of nine acres
stretches across the back of the farm.
In the past 20 years some 10,000 trees
have been set out andthousands of
young native seedlings ,are trying to
find a place in the sun. But the
woodlot is fat too narrow for its
length and it gets the full force of
the winds from all directions.' It
seems to me that woodlots should be
at the back of farms, where the four
corners join, about four acres to the
farm, giving a soundblock of 16.
acres, enough to resist winds and in-
cidentally to conserve moisture and
eventually grow into valuable timber.
For two or three generations Cana-
dians have been hacking away at
trees' to obtain more and more clear-
ed land. For a time such d policy was
certainly necessary, but most of us
now have more land than we can
properly work. Four acres on the
glad to have a chance to go to the
bush for a stick or two of timber to
zepair barns which are continually
being torn at by high winds.
Planting trees requires the long-
time view, but 9t is surprising how
quickly tiny seedlings will grow.
Many of the first trees planted in our
woodlot are now 30 feet or more in.
height and •Will : measure eight or 10
inchces: in diameter. Many have been
held back because they were set out
too near scrubby ,beech, but they have
hung• tenaciously on and the beech
will gradually be cut out for firewood.
One section of the woodlot was al-
most cleated of -big trees 10 years
ago, when we built the barn, and now
the ground is coyered with Maple
saplings as thick as hair on a dog's
back. The forester who drops 'a-
round occasionally tells me they
should be, -thinned out. Maybe next
winter, when I am more in need of
exercise than just now, I will sharpen
up my axe and spend a few days back
there.
R.O.P. COCKERELS
In the 1956-37 season a total of
11,500 R.O.P. (Record of Perfor-
mance) cockerels wet' approved and,
banded in Canada. This number is
a sharp increase over the 1935-36 sea-
son when the number was 7,575. In
1934-35'the total was 8,400. The rea-
son for the better showing last seas
son is that more commercial hatcher-
ies are using R.O.P. males to head l
their flocks in order to sell R.O.P.
sired' chicks. One commercial hatch-
eayis using over 2,000 of these birds,
every one of which has at least taro
generations on the male and female
tide behind it of 200 egg, blood test-
ed hens.
The advantages that R.O.P. breed-
ing, a policy operated by the Live
Stock Branch, 'Dominion. Department
of Agriculture, means to everyone:
engaged in poultry raising are becom-
ing in or e generally appreciated).
throughout the Dominion,
I t
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IN C i
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Write for complete details. isal
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