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The Clinton News Record, 1937-03-25, Page 6THE CLINTON NEWS -RECORD MMON11•1•1•M•111•10Olik THURS., MARCH 25, 1937 NEWS ...1.41101/41.1.11•1011•MIIIMMINIINIIIMEN. AND. HAPPENINGS OF INTEREST TO FARMERS Timelg information for the Busg Farmer. (Furnished by the Department of Agriculture) An Evergreen Windbreak For the Farm A farmer who plants a windbreak and shade trees around the farm buildings show foresight, as they will enhance the value and appearance of his farm, and improve living .condi- lions. The foresight is indicated as small trees have to be planted and a number of years will pass before they make an appreciable difference in surroundings. A fine and effective windbreak can be grown in 10 years with the trees that are supplied free by the Ontario Forestry Branch or with cedars taken from the woods. • Evergreens should , be planted in permanent locations when small, as •it is difficult to transplant success- fully trees larger than three to four feet. The trees that are supplied by the Forestry Branch may be planted! • permanently in the windbreak, or may be placed in nursery lines and cultivated for a few years. The labor • of transplanting and the setback in growth that trees have when moved are eliminated if they are planted in the windbreak. They may either be placed on plowed ground and eulti- vated or spot planted in sod. Culti- vation stimulates considerably the groeeth of small trees and an effec- tive windbreak will be grown more quickly if the trees are cultivated. There is space and the trees are more liable to be cultivated if a here crop is grown with them the first two years. The advantages of a tree nursery are that the trees are cul- tivated and it is generally easier to protect the small trees in nursery lines. Careful consideration should be given to the location of the wind- break, the number of rows, and the spacing of the trees. More than one row makes a much better windbreak than a single row, and usually they will be protected better. Spruce or pine should not be planted closer than 8-12 feet in a single row, but if three or more rows are planted they may be placed 5-6 feet and man- aged the same as a forest planta- tion. Early spring as soon as the frost is out of the ground is the best sea- son to transplant trees in Ontario, and care should be taken to protect the toots from the sun and wind. Application forms for trees and descriptive literature may be se- cured from the Forestry Branch, Par- liament Buildings, Toronto, the Pro- vincial Tree Nurseries at St, Wil- liams, Midhurst and Orono or the County Agricultural Office. O.A.C. College Royal The 1937 "College Royal" was held at the Agricultural College on Wed- nesday, March Srd, Year after year this 'unique show improves in char- acter and interest, While only stu- dents of the Ontario Agricultural College and the Ontario Veterinary College are eligible to compete, the number of visiting farmers is rapidly increasing. The main interest centres in the showmanship of the exhibitors, since the prizes are awarded for showman- ship; but visitors are also anxious to see the College livestock and farm and garden, products in show condi- tion, and to inspect the quite remark- able range of educational exhibits designed and staged by the students. Then, too, there is much to admire in the competitive displays of student craftsmanship, in leather rope, rope work, wood •work and forge work; and from the women students, in sewing and cookery. In this show an unusual kind of award, which might be termed a "supdtegrand-championship," is made by the executive to the student who is considered worthy of the distinc- tion of being called"Best All -Round Showman." This was won by Mr. P. J. Bell, a senior student in agricul- ture, whose home is at Oshawa. Perhaps the-enost coveted award, however, is the grand championship trophy -which goes to the student dis- playing the highest degree of show- manship in the livestock division of the show. This was won by Mr. Bruce Beer, a third year student in agriculture, whose home is at Beth- any in Durham County. Mr. Beer showed a Clydesdale mare, and won first place in his class, then cham- pionship in the horse section, and fin- ally grand championship in the whole animal husbandry- division. More than one hundred pure-bred animals are used in this division of the show, and in order to win the grand cham- pionship the competitor must demon- strate his ability in showing all classes —horses, cattle, sheep and pigs. In the educational exhibit division, the exhibits are prepared by distinct groups of students, each group rep- resenting a different division of Col- lege study. In this class the trophy went to the group making a special study of animal husbandry. I Other grand championship winners were as follows; in the Field Crops Division, F. J. Bell, a senior student in agriculture whose home is at Osh- awa; in the Dairy Division, E. Car- ter, a third year student in agricul- ture, whose home is at Guelph; in the Horticulture Division, R. S. Thorpe, of Ottawa, a senior student in agri- culture; in the Agricultural Engineer- ing Division, A. A. Lindhorst, of Hes- peler, a second year student in agri- culture; in the Apiculture Division, G. F. Townsend of gumber Bay, a third year student in agriculture; in the Household Science Division, Miss Jean Bain, of Vancouver, 13.C., a stu- dent in home economics; and in the Art Division, Miss Janet Blackwood, of Guelph, a student in home econom- ics. DOMINION DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE TO MAKE DISTRIBUTION OF RUST RESISTANT WHEAT SEED • After several years of exacting re- search work the Cereal Division, Ex- perimental Farms Branch, Dominion Department of Agriculture, announce es that it is now ready to make its first large-scale distribution of a rust resistant wheat variety to farmers in the rust -affected areas of the Prairie Provinces. In a letter now being addressed to farmers in the areas that have been, affected by wheat rust and whose names appear on the list of those who have signified a 'desire to obtain some of this wheat, Dr. L. H. Newman, Dominion Cerealist, states "We are now able to advise you that the Dominion Government is finally in a position to make its first distribution of a rust resistant wheat. The new variety, which has been named Renown, was developed under Dr. Goulden of the Cereal Division staff at the Dominion Rust Research Laboratory located at Winnipeg. The distribution will be made front • the following points: Indian Read, Bran- don, Portage la Prairie, Arborg, D11.- gald, Gilbert Plains, Gunton, Kat- • rime, Petersfield, ?llamas, Roblin, Silverton, Swan River and Pipestone, as long as the supply lasts. • All or- ders, however, are to be placed with the Dominion Cerealist, Experimental Farm, Ottawa, in order to avoid con- fusion. • "Owing to the large number of ap- plications received, it has been de- cided to limit the amount available to any one applicant to two bushels. The price set is $2.00 per bushel, F. O.B. shipping, point. "Should any appreciable quantity of seed remain after this initial dis- tribution is completed, those who have signified a wish to obtain a larger quantity ,will be given an opportunity to do so. "Should you decide to place an or- der for this wheat, kindly fill out the enclosed order form carefully, and return it to the Dominion Cerealist, Ottawa, without delay. from Renown appear rather more de- still much to be done before the per- sirable than the mother variety. One of these may eventually come to take its place. This variety, theref&e, is not to be regarded as the "last word" as other types now in process of de- velopment appear destined to excel on the part of plant breeders, plant it in certain respects at least. pathologists and other scientists of Renown is not reconnnended at the Dominion and Provincial Govern - present for districts which are not subject to rust. "It. should be understood that the seed under consideration does not pos- sess any special standing other than that of belonging to a new variety capable of resisting rust. We want you to give it a fair trial, and would appreciate a report from you, next autumn, giving your observations as to how it compares with other varie- ties grown near by. "You may have noticed in the Press, no doubt, certain references to two other rust resistant wheat va- rieties bearing the name Apex and Thatcher. • In order to avoid confus- ion, these varieties along with Re- nown, are described and discussed in the. attached circular. There you will I note that Thatcher is already in the ! farmers' hands while Apex is being I distributed in Saskatchewan by the 'University of Saskatchewan, Saska toon, The Dominion Department of Agriculture is concerned officially on ly with the distribution of Renown. Dr. Newman gives the following information concerning the three rust resistant wheat varieties:— Renown—This variety was produc- ed at the Dominion Rust Research Laboratory, Winnipeg, from a cross between'Reward and a rust resistant type bearing the number H-44-24 While reasonably uniform in type fon a new variety, certain selections made feet wheat is even approached. 'rhc successful development of va- rieties of wheat which are capable of withstanding rust is the result of 20 years'patient and exacting efforts Apex-7This variety was developed at the University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, from a composite crossing programme involving the varieties II -44-24, Marquis, Kanred and Inte- rne,. , As in the case of Renown, Apex is likely to be excelled by !subsequent production now under 'tea. This variety is being distributed this win- ter by the University in parts of Sas- katchewan to which it is believed to be reasonably well adapted. Thatcher—This variety was pro- duced from a cross made at the Min- tiesota Agricultural Experimental Station, St. Paul, Minn., between (Marquis x x (Marquis x Kanred). It was grown on farms quite widely throughout Manitoba and Saskatchewan in 1936, for •the first time, and appears- to have proven generally satisfactory insofar as yields are concerned, The size and colour of kernel, however, have not received universal endorsation. A summary of comparative tests of Renown, Apex and Thatcher con- ducted in Manitoba and Saskatche- wan in 1933, 1934, 1985 and 1936 dis- closes:- 1. Disease Resistance—Of the three rust resistant varieties herein con- sidered, Thatcher is the least rests - maturity, but must also measure up taut to stent rust, leaf rust and bunt! to the high degree of excellence in ments and the Universities. During the 20 years there have been six ser- ious epidemics of wheat rust. The Dominion Rust Research Lab- oratory became, and still is, the main western centre of the rust research activities, though certain associated institutions, notably the Dominion Ex- perimental Farm at Brandon and the Universities of Manitoba, Saskatche- wan and Alberta have also made val- uable contributions. In the initiation of their breeding programme it is only fair to point out that the Canadian breeders 'obtained valuable foundation material from collaborators in the United States. This consisted of a number of types of wheat which were highly resistant to stem rust, although not good enough in themselves to be grown commercially in Canada. The Ameri- can varieties, however, had that much sought -for but little understood char- acteristic, namely, the ability to re- sist rust. It only remained for Can- adian plant breeders to apply their! best technique and unite by artificial crossing the rust resistance a the American importations with the high quality and other desirable character- istics of the Dominion's own good, standard varieties. • The varieties of wheat desired must not only be rust resistant and satis- factory as regards yielding ability, strength of straw, weight, colour and or stinking smut, but the most resis- tant to loose smut and black -chaff. Both Renown and Apex carry a type of resistance which render them prac- tically resistant to all forms of stem rust. Thatcher does not possess this type of resietanae. During the severe rust epidemic of 1935 in Western Canada, all three varieties suffered very little damage under conditions which practically de- stroyed Marquis and Ceres. As regards resistance to root rot, there is little difference between the three varieties, but all are more re sistant than are Marquis, Ceres or Reward. 2. Yield—Thatcher yielded highest of all varieties during each of the four years. Renown, Apex and Mar- quis yielded much the same in the absence of rust, but all three yielded less than Thatcher. 'Under the! rust conditions of 1935, Thatcher gave highest returns while Renown and Apex yielded appreciably less. Mar- quis and Ceres were almost complete failures. 3. Days to Ripen—In days to reachmatunity, maturity, the following varieties ri- pen in the order given, viz.:—Reward, Thatcher, Renown, Apex and Mar- quis. Thatcher usually ripens mid- way between Reward and Marquis, that is, about 2-3 days earlier than Marquis and from 2-4 days later than Reward. Renown matures alraost as early as Thatcher and sometimes just as early 'while Apex usually ripens ei- ther with Marquis or about a day a- head of it. 4. Strength of Straw—Under condi- tions •whiela tend to promote lodging, Thatcher and Marquis have proven a- bout equal in strength of straw, fol- lowed in turn by Renown which is on- ly slightly eveaker .a.nd Apex which is often inclined to show considerable weakness. 5. Height—No great difference be- tween the above varieties. 6. Type of Head—The three new wheats, like Marquis, are awnless. 7. Weight—In 1933, 1934 and 1936, when rust was not serious, Renown excelled both Apex and Thatcher, and equalled Marquis in weight per bushel. In size of kernel, Apex and Marquis are very similar while Re- nown is slightly largei.:. and Thatcher usually smaller. In 1935, when rust practically ruin- ed Marquis and Ceres in Manitoba and 'Eastern Saskatchewan, Renown aver- aged 62.8 lb. per bushel; Apex, 61 lb., and Thatcher 60.6 lb. at 10 stations in Manitoba and Saskatchewan. 8. Colour and Appearance of Grain —Renown and Apex are both super- ior to Thatcher in kernel appearance, the last named variety often display- ing a rather poor kernel colour, be- ing somewhat dull or bleached in ap- pearance. This may sometimes result in Thatcher being graded somewhat lower than Renown or Apex. I 9. Milling and Baking Values ---,In flour colour, Apex is rated equal to Marquis, followed in turn by Thatcher and Renown, but none of these exhi- bit the yellow colour 'of Garnet. In baking strength as measured by leaf volume, the three varieties would milling and baking qualities possessed by the standard variety, Marquis. As a result of all these efforts cen- tralized as they have been around a common problem and co-operatively handled in the most approved fashion, the long -looked -for day has come when rust resistant varieties of wheat of good baking quality and of ac- ceptable yielding ability are now a- vailable commercial propagation. Who place in the following order That- cher, Apex and Renown. , In general milling and baking qual- ities, all three varieties exhibit the properties of hard red spring wheats of the Manitoba Northern class. While the introduction of these new varieties of wheat marks a notable advance in wheat production, there is for have been the principals in this great scientific epic? So many Poultry Exports Froin Canada More dressed poultry was packed for export from Canada during the marketing' season of 1936 than for many years previously, and a corre- spondingly large export trade to Great Britain in 1937 appears to be in prospect. The feeding of poultry in packing plants, • particularly in Western Canada, increased consider- ably during the past season and cor- respond to seine extent with a fal- ling off in farm finishing,. Poultry of the Milided class is expected to have contributed and have played im- portant parts that it would be im- practicable to attempt to single out all who are entitled to honourable mention. Only some of the leaders will be named. The Dominion plant pathologists' have carried on their work under Dr. H. T. Gussow, Domin- ion Botanist for the Dominion Depart - merit of Agriculture. As soon as the Rust Research Laboratory was corn- pleted at Winnipeg, Dr. D. L. Bailey was appointed to conduct the patho- logical work until he went to the Uni- versity of Toronto.as Professor of Plant Pathology,. when he was suc- ceeded by Dr. H. Craigie. The plant breeding work for the, Dominion De- partment of. Agriculture which has been directed principally by Dr. L. H. Newman, Dominion Cerealist, has been carried out under Dr. C. H. Goulden, who represents the Cereal Division at the Rust Laboratory. The eo-related work has been supported and assisted by the following two sub -committees: the Associate Com- mittee on Field Crop Diseases and the Associate Committee on Grain Re- search of the National Research Council and the Dominion Department of Agriculture. Of the latter com- mittee the Director of the Council and the Deputy Minister of the Dominion Department of Agriculture are joint chairmen. The Dominion Cerealist states that the present supply of Renown will be entirely exhausted when the list of applicants for it has been supplied. make up 50 per cent of the total ex port movement during 1937, as com- paxed with 36 per cent in 1936 and less than 3 per cent in 1935. Under present marketing condi- tions in Great Britain, Canadian poul- try sells _Cicely in dompetition with European birds when landed at a price of around 25 cents per pound. If this trade is to be developed pro- fitably to Canadian producers, the most economical methods of growing and finishing birds of the desirable export weights of about four pounds must be followed, the poultry author- ities of the Dominion Department of Agriculture point out, In many in- stances birds are ,kept on the farm long after they 'might have been marketed profitably, any small added weight gained by delay by no means making up for the additional feed consumed. Exports of live poultry to the Uni- ted States increased considerably in 1936. For ten months of 1936 end- ing October, these exports totalled 311,934 head, as compared with 23,- 328 head for the corresponding per- iod of 1935. • There was an increase in exports of dressed poultry to the United States during 1936, although this trade remains relatively small as compared with exports to the UnitedKingdom. Kingdom. Over one quarter of a million• pounds of dressed poultry were shipped from Canada to the West Indies in 1936. In contrast to the British market, where a medimn weight chicken is desired, the demand from the West Indies has been for a heavy bird. The number of hogs graded in Canada during 1936 was 3,745,498 as against 2,969,311 in 1935, an increase of 776,187. The details of the 1936 hog grading are—by carcass, 447,- 507; alive at stock yards, 1,171,844, and alive at packing plants, 2,126,- 147. Over 45,000,000 pounds of Cana- dian branded beef were sold in the Dominion .cluring 1986, showing an increase over 1935 of nearly 5,500,000 pounds. The exact figures are -45,- 226,775 lb. in 1936 and 39,763,306 lb. in 1935, an increase of 5,468,469 lb. Notice Re Horned Cattle The proposal to make an attempt to rid cattle markets of the evil, of horns has been generally endorsed throughout the country. Due to the high standard set by buyers on the export market, packet's 'and shippers find it necessary to take steps whereby the bruising ei beef caused by horned cattle during shipment will be eliminated. The methods of treatment for the removal of horns have been widely circulated. The general opinion a- mong farmers is that cattle are bet- ter without horns, but through care- lessness and indifference, the percen- tage of cattle marketed has increased rather than decreased. Since it appears that farmers will not take the matter seriously unless it affects the price they receive for their cattle, buyers propose to pay $1.00 per head less for all cattle with horns, effective. May 1st, 1987. This notice gives ample opportun- ity to have horns on cattle removed,. ansi preparations should be made to prevent the growth of horns on all calves in the future. March is the harvest month in Egypt,.Tripoli, Morocco, and India, while in April crops are harvested in Persia, Mesopotamia, Arabia, Asia Minor, Syria, Cyprus and Mexico. "Five years ago," said Sir John Orr in his adrdess on "Agriculture and Public Health" to the British Associa- tion, "if a paper on human diet had appeared on the programme of the Agricultural Section, it would have been regarded as a printer's error, but much had happened in the last few years to warrant agriculture/ chemists studying food requirements and also to warrant those interested in public health studying agricultural economics." BIGGEST ;,ARGAIN IN CLINTON Because an overwhelming majority of homes in the Clinton Community "just can't get along without The News -Record," The Clinton News -Record ranks high as a real Household Necessity. More than that, at the low subscription rate of $1,50 a year, or five cents a single copy, The Clinton News -Record is a bargain. 1 will buy only one of these things: A package of chewing gum- . . Eone cigar ... a cup of coffee ... a candy bar ... a hamburger sand- wich ... the tax on one and two-thirds cheques...ten minutes (more or less) at a movie ... three aspirins for a headache ... a package of lifesavers .. . almost enough stamps to mail two letters. (Some of these are bargains, some are not.) c invested in a copy of The News -Record (8 cents when paid by the year) will do all of these: Keep you in touch with the happenings of the Clinton Commenity ... bring you the messages and "pocketbook news" of Clinton stores and business instituitions, with opportunities of saving money . tell you about Your church, your school, your lodge, your club, your neighbors and friends, yourself ... give you a share in a home enterprise devoted to the good of your community. . 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