HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe Clinton News Record, 1937-03-11, Page 6'11AGE .6
THE CLINTON , NEWS -RECORD
THURS., MARCH 11, 1937"
EWS
AND
HAPPENINGS
Timet' information for the
Busy Farmer
(Furnished by the Department of Agriculture)
Care in Fertilizers •p
Every farmer hopes to obtain the
best possible results from the fertilizer
which he will buy this spring. The
results depend of course on good
drainage of the land, the quantity of
humus in the soil that will hold mors-
tune, the suitability of the fertilizer
for the crop on which it is to be used
and the placement of the fertilizer
when it is applied.
Experiments disclose that the pro-
per placement of fertilizer is about as
important as the plant food content of
the fertilizer itself and that when
broadcast much waste of plant food is
bound to occur. Realization of this
fact is becoming more general every
day and farmers are advised to study
the fertilizer placement question with
a view to obtaining better results. In-
formation regarding this may be ob-
tained from Dominion Experimental
Farms and the Agricultural Colleges.
Carriers of Disease
Even though the laying flock was
apparently healthy las. year, the pul-
lets are apt to suffer severe losses if
the laying house is not kept thorough-
ly cleaned and disinfected. Many
times some of the hens are carriers of
highly infectious disease germs which
may infect the pullets, yet little af-
fect the old laying flock. For this
reason, pullets should always be hous-
ed in separate quarters.
To prepare the house for the pullets
the litter and droppings should be re-
moved and all extraneous matter
scraped loose from the floor, walls,
dropping boards, roosts, feeders, wat-
erers, and other moveable equipment.
These parts of the house should then
be well soaked and scrubbed with a
good disinfectant — using lye water
solution at the rate of one pound of
household lye to 12 or 15 gallons of
cold water. If tuberculosis has been
in the flock in the past, it is well to
spray the house with a cresol dip.
It should be remembered that even
a good disinfectant cannot penetrate
large cakes of filth and kill the hid-
ing disease germs'.' Complete re-
moval first of all dirt and filth is
necessary. It is well to move the
roosts, nests, and other equipment
out in the sun for a few days after
they are cleaned and disinfected.
Crushed Grain Laying Mash
The following rolled grain laying
mash is taken from Farm Poultry
bulletin Number 379, issued by the
Ontario Department of Agriculture,
O.A.C., Guelph.:
Crushed or rolled grain is prefer-
red by chickens to finely ground
grains, particularly such grains as
wheat, oats and barley. These grains
when ground and wet are of a sticky
nature, and this may, be the reason
for the hens' preference for crushed
grains. The refuse hulls should be
removed daily.
Good results in egg production and
hatching power of eggs were secured
M 1934 and 1935 from a ration con-
sisting of equal parts of crushed
oats, crushed wheat, crushed barley.
each one hundred pounds of the above
grains was added one quart of good
grade of cod liver oil from Novem-
ber 1st to April. It is necessary to
feed some clover leaves or hay, and
to supply animal protein such as milk
powder, beef meal or fish . meal, or
all three, in separate hoppers or con-
tainers. These feeds do not mix well
with crushed grains. Birds to date
have shown no disposition to: eat an
excess of these materials if supplied
constantly.
Skim -milk or buttermilk fed at the
rate of twenty-five pounds daily to
each hundred hens, provides enough
animal protein without supplying. any
other, such as fish meal or meat
meal.
The best hatches were secured
from the eggs laid by hens receiving
milk only as the animal protein.
Supply a hopper each of grit,
oyster shell and bone meal.
If care is given as to feeding a
reasonable amount of crushed grain
daily, there will be little wastage.
Where the birds are forced to' eat
all the hulls there is at times trouble
with their gizzards becoming impact
ed sufficiently to cause death.
Feed scratch grain as usual, of
the kinds of grain you have. You
could feed whole wheat as scratch
grain, and crushed oats and barley
as a mash.
Cod Liver Oil For Pigs
Pigs may be fed successfully dur-
ing the winter if conditions and feed
are satisfactory. One of the most
common' difficulties confronting the
winter feeder is crippling.
At the Dominion Experimental
Station at Scott, Sask., several tests
have been made comparing the use
of cod liver oil and'pilcha'rd' oil for
the purpose of preventing the crip-
pling of pigs in winter. It had been
observed that the trouble usually ap-
peared among pigs which had been
exposed to very little sunshine. Some
of the early tests were conducted
with fall pigs which were farrowed
in August and allowed to run outside
until the cold weather came, with the
result that no crippling occurred ane
practically no difference in gains
resulted from the different treat-
ments with or without oil. The foie
lowing year, fall pigs were confined
to buildings from birth where no di-
rect sunshine was received. Soon af-
ter weaning, these pigs were divided
as evenly as possible by placing pigs
from several litters in each pen and
weighing each pig individually. The
same grain ration was given to each
lot. Cod Iiver oil was added to the
chop for one lot at the rate of one
ounce per pig daily and the second
lot received no oil. A third lot was
given the same ration of chop with
one ounce of pilchard oil per pig
daily. The lot getting no oil showed
marked signs of crippling early in
December and one pig from this lot
died on the 53th day of the test, and
11 days later, another was lost from
the same lot. The trial was closed
on the 89th day when the six remain-
ing pigs were all lame and two re-
quired assistance to reach the trough.
In the two lots getting oil, there was
no sign of crippling and the average
gain per pig was 108 pounds in the
cod liver oil lot, 101 in the pilchard
oil lot and 79 pounds each for the
six remaining pigs in the lot which
received no oil.
These oils, practically equal in va-
lue, tan be purchased for about $1.00
per gallon but the pilchard oil is usu-
ally a little cheaper.
Both oils leave an undesirable
fishy taste in the pork unless discon-
tinued about six weeks before mar-
keting or killing for pork. This may
be done even in mid -winter without
danger of crippling if the oil has
been fed for some time previously.
The crippled pigs which had not
received any oil were given oil in
the chop at the rate of one ounce per
pig daily, after the test was complet-
ed. No further deaths occurred and
all pigs recovered 'from their lame-
ness in a short time and were event-
ually marketed, although some joints
were still crooked.
Farmers Helped By
Weather Records
In order to have meteorological re-
cords in convenient Sorra for farmers
for referencepurposes, certain of
these records, as reported by the Ex-
perimental Farms and Stations of the
Dominion Department of Agriculture
throughout Canada, have been incor-
porated in the Progress Report of the
Division of Field Husbandry for the
years 1931 to 1935, The Report which
has just been issued is published in
two parts, one dealing with Eastern
Canada and British Columbia, and
the other with the Prairie Provinces,
Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta.
These meteorological reports have
been prepared in co-operation with
the Meteorological Service of Canada.
As the Experimental Farms and
Stations are located in the principal
agricultural regions of Canada, the
weather records in the Report present
a fairly representative picture of the
climatic conditions of these regions.
Tables showing the average monthly
temperatures at the different stations,
the average monthly precipitation,
the average annual snowfall and rain-
fall, and the average monthly hours
of sunshine are giaen. In studying
the information contained in the Re-
port, it has to be kept in mind that
the figures in each table are the ave-
rage for the month or year, and have
been calculated from daily records:
Deviations occur, and the records in
a given month or year may be consid-
erably above or below the normal as
presented. It is the deviation from
this normal figure which most fre-
quently affects the yield of crops ab-
normally. In order to learn the ef-
fect of variations in weather upon
crop yields in a given year, it is ne-
cessary to have complete figures for
the year in question, rather than an
average for a period of years. Such
figures are available at all times in
the office of the Field Husbandry Di-
vision, Central Experimental Farm,
Ottawa.
With regard to sunshine records,
Dominion Experimental Stations at
which an average of more than 2,000
hours of bright sunshine are ,record-
ed annually include Ottawa, Harrow,
Ont, Saanichton and Summerland, B.
C., as well as all, Stations' located in
the Prairie Provinces, except Indian
Head, Sask.'
NTEREST
Poultry Cooperations
In' First Conference
Members and managers of the 16
Egg and Poultry Farmers Coopera-
tive Associations, which are now op-
erating in Eastern Ontario and Que-
bec, recently held their first united
meeting in the Confederation Build-
ing, Ottawa. They met to discuss
their common problems in connection
with marketing and other factors of
their business and it developed into a
very interesting and helpful session.
The first of these cooperative asso-
ciations was started at Oxford Mills,
Ont., in December 1984; the 10th was
formed on February 15th. Up to the
end of 1936 the Associations had mar-
keted 677,601 dozen eggs, 94,674 ]b.
of poultry and received in cash a to-
tal of $166,224.06, of which $149,-
1824.28 was paid to the farmer pro-
Iducers. The business in eggs was
done at an overhead cost of 2.42 cents
per dozen for all associations or 9.86
per cent of the total cash turnover.
This covers express, managers' com-
missions, egg cases and other inci-
dental charges.
Associations are now operating at
Finch, Moose Creek, Kemptville, Max-
Ville, Cobden, Plantagenet, EganvilIe,
Casselman, Bourget, Jasper, Lans-
downe, St. Isidore de Prescott, Al-
omnte, North Gower and Ashton in
Ontario and at Hull, Quebec. The 16
associations have a total membership
of about 2,400.
It is estimated that the operations
of the associations have brought the
prices for eggs, which the producers
have received, at least three cents
Closer to Montreal prices than was
previously paid by stores and itiner-
ant buyers. Montreal is the market
for fully 90 per cent of the eggs. Not
only the farmer members of the asso-
ciations have benefited from this co-
operative enterprise but other farm-
ers in the district in which the asso-
ciations are operating have been paid
a higher price.
Each association is controlled by a
president and a board of directors, ail
of whom are farmers. The directors
appoint the manager, who is a quali-
fied grader to grade, pack and sell
the egg and poultry to the best ad-
vantage. He is paid one cent per doz-
en for eggs and one-half cent per
pound, for poultry out of the funds of
the Association. Each association is
a self directed) and managed unit. At
the meeting it was decided to form a
central board, the five members of
which would deal with any particular.
problems common to all the associa-
tions. This board has appointed a
permanent Secretary in the person of
Irwin Anderson, Manager of tho Ox-
ford -on -Rideau Egg Producers' Asso-
ciation,
Kemptville. He is to be paid
a nominal salary.
In extending a welcome to those at-
tending Dr. G. S. H. Barton, Deputy
Minister, Dominion Department of
Agriculture, said that the poultry
business in Canada has developed in
recent years into one of the big un-
dertakings in the field of agriculture.
It now affects a very large number
of families on farms and in the rural
district. With the development of the
Industry new conditions have been
created and new problems have aris-
en, which must be met. Such associa-
tions of farmers marketing their
products on a cooperative basis are
particularly well equipped to meet
these new conditions and new prob-
lems.
He emphasized the advantage of
producing quality products and said
"A product properly produced is al-
ready more than half marketed". It
would be a good thing, he observed, if
the activities of all branches of agri-
culture were organized on the lines
of the Egg and Poultry Associations
of Eastern Ontario and Quebec.
Largest Exporter of
Wheat la The World
According to the International In-
stitute of Agriculture, the gross world
exports of wheat for the 10 year per-
iod 1926-35 reached their maximum
in the years 1927, 1928, and 1931,
when 740,453,820 bushels, 781,002,518
bushels, and 746,879,754 bushels re-
spectively were exported. Yearly de-
clines are shown in wheat exports for
the years 1932 to 1935, the result
largely of importing countries taking
steps to become self-sufficient in re-
gard to wheat production.
Canada is the largest exporter of
wheat in the world, according to the
five-year average (1926-1930). 'Can-
ada's average for the five -years was
257,862,886 bushels, comparedwith
the Argentine average for the same
period of 149,785,596 bushels. The
United States was third with 116,210,-
230 bushels. During the last five
years (1931 to 1935 inclusive) wheat
exports from Canada averaged 189,-
779,890 bushels annually, again plac-
ing Canada as the leading' wheat ex-
porting country. For the last five-
year period (1931-1935), annual ave-
rage exports from Argentina amount-
ed to 144,481,566 bushels placing Ar-
gentina again in. second place, while
Working To Develop
Perennial Wheat
As, the result of experiments car-
ried out under the direction of Dr. L.
E. Kirk, Dominion Agrostologist and
Chief of the Forage Plants Division,
Experimental Farms Branch, Domin-
ion Department of Agriculture; as-
sisted by the National Research
Council, considerable progress has
been made towards the production, of
perennial wheat.
Dr. Kirk states that the project of
developing a perennial wheat was be-
gun two years ago and since then it
has been vigorously prosecuted on a
rather extensive scale. About 20,000
cross pollinations were made in 1935
and about 50,000 in 1936, both in the
greenhouse under artificial light dur-
ing the winter months and in the
field during the summer. About a
dozen species and varieties of wheat,
and an equal number of species of
grains were used.
There still remains a great deal of
Australia replaced the United States
as third largest wheat exporter with
an annual average of 101,217,302bush-
els. The other principal wheat expor-
ters in order of annual average dur-
Ing the last five-year period (1931-
1985) were as follows: Soviet Russia,
United States, Hungary, Germany,
Roumania, Algeria, France, a n d
French Morocco.
The world exports when divided in-
to'British Empire and Foreign Coun-
tries for the five-year average (1921-
1935) amounted to 330,165,797 bushels
(British Empire) and 362,324,352
bushels (Foreign Countries). In 1931
British Empire exports were 329,282,-
424 bushels, while those of foreign
countries were 417,597,330 bushels.
In 1932, exports of British Empire
countries exceeded those of foreign
countries, the former being 353,445,-
436 bushels. Again in 1933, British
Empire exports were greater, 310,-
113,523 bushels against 251,277,864
bushels from foreign countries. Dur-
ing 1934 and 1935, the opposite situa-
tion developed, although the excess
was of a lesser degree.
work yet to be doge before the desir-
ed objectives are reached, Dr. Kirk
emphasizes. A wide range of hybrid
material is on hand from which selec-
tions can be made and it is at present
impossible to predict just what types
of plants out of this material will
be found most suitable and useful.
It is believed, however, that these
crosses between wheat and grasses
may easily result in new types of
forage plants of great value to ag-
riculture. It is altogether likely
that perennial wheat can be obtained
also,but it seems rather doubtful
whether wheats which will measure
up to the high standards of quality,
which are required in. Canada, will be
attained.
There are many and exacting diffi-
culties associated with plant breeding
work of this kind. Sterility which oc-
curs in the original hybrids is only
one example. In order to obtain seed
from "sterile" hybrids,sit is necessary
to back -cross them again, using pol-
len from the wheat parent. This
may have to be done for several gen-
erations, in order to obtain fertility
and seed production, but during this
process the plant characteristics most
desired may be lost. Fertile hybrids
are few and far between.
During the work of the project un-
der discussion by the plant breeders
in Ottawa and at the Dominion For-
age Laboratory at Saskatoon about
40 hybrid plants that exhibit almost
complete fertility have been secured.
Some of these have produced as many
as 2,000 seeds each. All of these hy-
brids are perennial in habit of
growth, and since they do not require
to be back -crossed, already one of the
chief difficulties has been overcome.
Meanwhile the experimental work is
being continued in Ottawa and at
Saskatoon.
FIRST BLACK FOX PELTS
BROUGHT $2,000 EACH
The fox farming industry on Prince
Edward Island is now a $3,000,000 a
year business. The first sale of
pelts began thirty years ago and they
brought $2,000. each on the London
market. At that time the breeding of
black foxes was more or less of a
secret business but along about 1909
St canie into the open market and has
steadily grown ever since.', With the
Increase in fox ranching, the output
of pelts grew and prices came down.
till today the average price paid for
a good pelt is around $40.00.At that,
however, it is a good paying business.
From Prince Edward Island fur
farming has spread throughout the
world, states the Industrial Depart-
ment of the Canadian National Rail-
ways.
An Orderly Mind
Suitor—I wish to marry your
daughter, sir.
Dad—Do you drink, young man?
Suitor -Thanks a lot, but let's
settle this other thing first.
Made Him Wild
Parent—From my observation of
hien last night I should say that that
young man of yours was rather wild.
Daughter -Of course.. It was your
--
watching him that; made him wild.
He wanted you to go upstairs and
leave us alone,
'TOBACCO
�'FOR�A MILD COQ6'9MQfC'Ej
s:.
SEED OATS
FARMERS BEWARE what seed•grain you
buy to sow this coming Spring. There is a
great deal of grain being offered for sale in
Ontario for feed. A grain shortage has resulted
in a -demand for Western Feed Oats. These oats
are being sold for Feed but some farmers may
re -clean them and use part of them for seed.
Germination Tests of samples of such oats
have shown as low percentages as from
20% to 70%.
The Sowing of Such Seed may have dis-
astrous results on the crops.
A survey of the grain held in Ontario would
indicate there is sufficient good seed to be
obtained at home, and all farmers who must
purchase seed grain this year should make
careful selection upon Germination Tests. A
farmer can make a simple and accurate test
at home by sprouting a number of kernels
either between two sheets of dampened blot-
ting paper or in a box of earth. The sample
sprouted must be a fair average of the lot.
WRITE
J. D. SMITH, Seed Branch, Department of Agriculture,
Toronto, or
DR. G. P. McROSTIE, Ontario Agricultural College,
Guelph, for information.
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
PROVINCE OF ONTARIO
HON. DUNCAN MA.RSIOALL J. B. PAIRBAIRN
Minister J.
Minister
Tit , tkopi 4'''' tFe?``3s{ivtf j °°rixr4.,�e? as:8 p
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