The Clinton News Record, 1937-02-25, Page 6RAGE 6
THE CLINTON NEWS -RECORD
THUD
FEB. 25. 1937*
NEWS AND HAPPENINC$ OF INTEREST TO FARMERS
Timeig Information for the
Buri Farmer
(Furnished by the Department of Agriculture)
Poultry Prices Down
Anyone marketing live poultry
especially chickens, will find the
price down around four cents a pound
from last year. The fact that feed is
considerably higher has nothing to
do with setting the price for fowl.
The law of supply and demand is
supposed to be the ruling factor. It
was pretty well broadcast early in
the fall that the supply of fowl was
above average. Unfortunately too
many of the birds being marketed
are not in as prime flesh as they
should be. One produce dealer who
pays a higher price proportionately
for diseased birds, if they are good,
than he does for live birds, claims he
much prefers buying dressed birds,as
he can then see what he is getting. At
ten or eleven cents a pound for five
to six -pound birds, there should be
increased consumption of fowl on the
farm and a considerable quantity
canned for spring use. If birds are
crate or stall fed, it will pay to dress
them rather than sell alive.
Seedmen's Annual
Fifteen thousand bushels of On-
tario variegated alfalfa seed, valued
at mo re than $250,000, w as purchas-
ed by the Soviet Government last
year for use in Russia, according to
an announcement made during the
annual meeting of the Ontario Field
Crop and Seed Association in Toron-
to.
Ten years ago two bushels of the
Ontario variegated seed were sent to
Russia, which also secured United
States Grimm and Western Canada
Grimm for experimental purposes, a
delegate announced.
"And," he added, "the Russian Gov-
ernment last year purchased '15,000
bushels of Ontario variegated alfalfa.
The purchase was of considerable im-
portance to our business."
Speakers during theannual meet-
ing were: Dr. Gordon McRostie of
the Ontario Agricultural College; W.
E. Nixon, M.L.A., of New' Liskeard;
W. R. Reek of Ridgetown Experhnen••
tal Farm; Prof. G. W. Ruhnke and
James Laughland of the Ontario Ag-
ricultural College, and EIliot Moses
of Ohsweken.
The following officers were elected:
Pion. President, J. Leckie. Wilson;
President Alex. M. Stewart, Ailsa
Craig; Vice -President, B, L. Scott,
City View; Secretary, W. J. Step-
hens; Treasurer, D. H. Andrews. Exe-
cutive: W. C. Barrie, Galt; H. A. Dol -
son, Georgetown; Elliot Moses, Oh -
awoken; R. J. McCormick, Paris, and
L. H. Hanlan, I{apuskasing,
Other directors are: Clark Young,
Milliken; L. J. C. Bull, Brampton; L.
C. Fraser, Streetsville; J. A. Carroll,
Toronto; W. R. Reek, Ridgetown; H.
A. Cormaelc, Arthur; Will C. Barrie,
Galt; Alex. Hunter, Melancthon;
James McLean, Richmond Hill; A: C.
Porter, Jarvis; George E. Foster,
Honeywood; and J. W. MacRae, Alex-
andria.
Current Farm Reports
Durham County reports that the
majority of farmers have enough
roughage to carry their stock until
spring, but the supply will be pretty
well exhausted by the time the pas-
tures re ready. The initial T.B. test
of cattle there will be completed in
mid -Match. Livestock are on the thin
side in Northumberland dee to short-
age of feed. Large quantities of seed
grain are required there. Prince Ed-
ward reports that due to lack of snow
and lower temperatures, fall wheat is
looking brown and farmers in some
districts report clover to be, heaving.
The market for horses there remains
keen at satisfactory prices. Live-
stock are in good condition in From
tenac. Hay prices there have advanc-
ed with good quality timoth at $9.00
per ton, baled and mixed hay, includ-
ing red clover and alfalfa, selling at
$10.00 per ton baled. Glengarry re-
ports a considerable movement of
Ayrshire and Holstein cattle, with
American buyers paying $45 to $70
for grades and $90 and up for pure-
breds. Milk production in Grenville
is a little above average for this time
of year, with several cheese factories
making cheese throughout the winter
months. Continued lack of sleighing
in Leeds has slowed up farm work,
with hauling of wood,logs and ice al-
most at a standstill. Movement of
hay has been light and prices low in
Renfrew. An increased demand for
seed grain is noted there and seed
dealers seem assured that all avail-
able supplies of seed grain will be
cleaned up at an early date. Wonder-
ful winter weather is reported from
Manitoulin Island, with working con-
ditions in the woods excellent.
Potatoes For Seed
All growers of seed, whether it be
'seed grain, vegetable seed, or any'
other kind of seed, should endeavour
to produce seed of superior quality
by starting with the most suitable
varieties and strain, and selecting the
very best seed for their own plant-
ings. In the production of seed pota-
toes, there is much room for improve-
ment, and all too frequently bruised,
damaged, small off -type, or otherwise
inferior left -over potatoes are plant-
ed, particularly if prices have been al-
luring. Actual selection of superior
strains of potatoes is apparently not
receiving the attention that is so fun-
damental to success and yet the seed
potato grower may be producers of
really high quality cattle and other
live stock, and would not for a mo-
ment think of using the same tactics
In their breeding program. Why then,
not apply similar care and principles
to the production of high quality
seed potatoes.
The Seed Potato Certification Ser-
vice has beeh advocating such a sys-
tem for many years with varying suc-
cess. It is true, that diseases have
been controlled, or methods for their
control practised, but that is not the
whole story. An effort should be
made by every seed potato grower,
through selection to produce stock,
which in addition . to being more or
less free from serious diseases, is al-
so apparently disease resistant. Good
seed should be true to type, high
yielding, and of good appearance,
That is to say, tuber shape, colour of
skin and eye characters should all be
considered and an effort made to cull
any not conforming to a certain set
standard of excellence. In other
words, seed selection.
The tuber unit method of planting,
of which much has been written, is
one big step leading toward such an
end and growers would be well advis-
ed to practise every means by which
the quality of seed may be improved.
Powdery Mildew Of
Raspberries
(Experimental Farms Note)
Lathams are Susceptible
It would appear that in eastern
Canada the. Latham is the only rasp-
berry seriously affected by the ,pow-
dery mildew disease. This variety
has been extensively planted in re-
cent years on account of its hardi-
ness, and consequently the disease
is likely to become more widely dis-
tributed and injurious. All growers
of Latham raspberries should be fa-
miliar with the appearance of this
disease and how to control it.
.A Fungus Disease
Powdery mildew is disease of fun-
gus origin. The fungus, named
Sphaerotheca Humuli, grows on the
leaves and on the green tips of the
canes, causing white or greyish pow-
dery patches. It is worse on the un-
derside of the leaves, and light in-
fections are difficult to detect on ac-
ccunt of the abundant whitish hairs.
This disease is more severe during
a dry season. A small amount of
moisture, such as tient rain or heavy
clew, is needed for the spores of the
fungus to germinate and infect the
raspberry plants; but once infection
has taken place the fungus grows
better if the weather is fairly dry.
The fungus apparently overwinters
in the buds at the top; of the canes.
It spends the winter inside of the
buds in a dormant state.
injury to Plants
The fungus lives at the expense of
the raspberry plants, using up their
food supply, and stunting their
growth. In severe cases the tips of
the canes may be killed and the
leaves crinkled and distorted. Stunt-
ed canes will bear a reduced crop the
next season. This disease may also
severely attack nursery stocks
How to Control the Disease.
The best way to control powdery
mildew is by planting varieties oth-
er than Lathams, as they are all re-
sistant to the disease, However,
where growers wish to plant Lathams
on account of their hardiness, much
can be done to eliminate or reduce
the disease on this variety. New plan-
tations should . be set out with dis-
ease free canes. The best canes
that can be purchased are those pro-
duced in certified nurseries.
When powdery mildew has become
established in a fruiting plantation,
it should be heavily fertilized in or-
der that the canes make good growth.
In early spring the tips of the canes
should be cut off, together with all
ur.,dersi•zed .canes and suckers, and
burned. This will greatly reduce the
number of bide in which the fungus
would have overwintered.
In nurseries where certified stock
is grown, all the plants, even the l3@ th
smallest ones, should be dugin the P Of Fertilizer
fall, leaving nothing above ground.
This will 'eliminate the places where
the fungus might have overwintered,
and the plants that shall grow up the
next season will be free from the dis-
ease.
In theory spraying or dusting with
fcngicides should control powdery
mildew, but the experiments made so
far have not given satisfactory re-
sults, and therefore spraying and
dusting are not recommended.
Landmark In The
Cheesemaker's Art
Rome in Italy, the Eternal City,
has been famous down through the
ages, but comparatively little has
been heard about Rome, N.Y. Re-
cently, however, it gained some prom-
inence when a monument to the foun-
der of the cheese factory system in
the United States was unveiled in
that city . The monument has been
erected to Jesse Williams, a farmer
at Rome, N.Y., who in 1851 opened
his first commercial cheese factory,.
using the milk from herds other than
his own. As in' Canada, all' cheese
prior to that date -had been made on
individual farms.
An interesting story is attached to
the •origin of the enterprise. Like
most of his neighbours, Jesse Wil-
liams was making cheese from milk
of his own herd and was known local-
ly for the fine cheese he produced.
When his son married and started
farming on his own account, the
father suggested to the cheese buyer
that he should purchase the son's
cbeese under the same contract as
his, the father's. The son, however,
was somewhat fearful that he would
not be able to produce as good cheese
as. his father and thereby ruin his
father's reputation as a cheesemaker.
At fust, Jesse Williams planned to
go to his son's farm every day and
help him in his cheesemaking, but
eventually it was decided for the soh
to take the milk to his father's farnt
every day and the milk from both
farms simultaneously' converted into
cheese. Other neighbours asked to
be allowed to send their milk, so in
1851 the first cheese factory was
built, capable of dealing with the milk
of the neighbourhood.
In Canada, in the Province of On-
tario, the first record of a cheese
factory is dated 1864, and from that
time both in Ontario and Quebec the
development of the industry was ra-
pid. By 1901 there were 2947 cheese
factories in Canada, 558 of which
made both butter and cheese 1,223 of
the factories operating in Quebec pro-
vince and 1,548 in Ontario. Although
production figures are not available
for the years immediately succeeding
1900, the record of cheese exports for
the year ending June 30, 1904, as re-
ported by the Dairy Branch, Domin-
ion Department of Agriculture, shows
that 233,980,716 pounds of cheese
were exported, which taken to indi-
cate that the production of cheese in
1903 was the largest in the history of
the industry. Since then there has
been decline both in the number of
factories and production.
Why Not Grow Nuts?
The interview which George H.
Corsan, of Echo Valley, Islington,
gave the Free Press is worthy of
study by Canadian farmers, and par-
ticularly by residents of this district,
which seems to be particularly suited
to the production of nuts.
Mr. Corsair's experiments afford
conclusive proof that a wide variety
of valuable nuts can be grown in Ont-
ario. These are both nutritious and:
palatable, and when so much emphas-
is is being laid on reforestation' it
might be well to include nut -produc-
ing trees among the ones being plant-
ed or set out.
The black walnut grows rapidly,
andis a very valuable wood, More
satisfactory types of walnut from a
nut standpoint can be grafted on the
native black'walunt stock. In addit-
ion to rapid growing qualities many
of the nut trees are ornamental, and a
few around the farm house aid in
creating a homey atmosphere, and
also provide food for squirrels and
small boys.
As a commercial proposition the
nut crop seems to have been over-
looked by Canadians. The Canada
Year Book shows that in 1935 nuts
Valued at $2,812,416 were imported.
In 1932 the total was well over three
and a half million. Almost five mil-
lion pounds of shelled 'walnuts were
included in this. When it is rememb-
ered that Canada's production of wool
for 1935 was only valued at a little
1 more than two millions, and honey
was about the same, the possibilities
cf the nut industry may be appreciat-
ed. Of course we cannot produce our
own coconuts, and probably will con-
tinue to import peanuts, although we
can grow them in Southern Ontario,
but there is no reason why many of
the other varieties' could not be pro-
duced here.
Here is a subject the Ontario Dep-
artment of Agriculture might take
up in earnest. It is not as nutty an
idea as it may sound. )
—London Free Pess,
In Field And Garden
The correct placement of fertiliz-
ers is of primary importance to
farmers. Experiments show that fer-
tilizers shouid be placed at about the
same` depth or slightly below the
feeding roots, so as to permit the let=
ter to reach the plant -food easily and
quickly. The best results with grain
crops is obtained when the drill has
a fertilizer attachment which sows
the fertilizer directly with the grain
at the same depth. The planter for
potatoes should be designed to place
the fertilizer in a narrow band 2 to 4
inches away from each side of the
sets and on the same level or slightly'
below the sets.
For garden crops the fertilizer;
shouldbe placed in a narrow band on
each side and 2 to 4 inches away
from the plants, or when the plants
will come up in the row, and about
the depth of the feeding roots (which
means 2 to 3 inches). Grain drills
and potato planters with suitable fer-
tilizer attachments for placing the
fertilizer as described above have
been available for a number of years,
and there is now a hand implement on
the market for fertilizing garden
crops in the approved "hand -way."
Here's A Real Dishwashing
Job 1
There are few travellers using the
train services who do not, at one time
or another, patronize the dining cars,
and there are few who do not find
the management of the Dining Car
Service one of the most entertaining
mysteries of everyday life. A day
never .passes without the stewards,
waiters or some other members of
the dining car staff being asked many
questions as to the method by which
the food is ordered and preserved. The
travelling public, as a whole, are un-
able to grasp the complexities of a
system which can care for so many
people, so adequately, with such com-
paratively small space as its disposal.
Housewives to whom an ordinary
pile of dishes assumes mountainous
proportions at times, when they have
to be washed, may take consolation
s.111•11=10
in the fact that there is at least one
individual who regularly washes ` a-
bout ten times that number with a
smile; He is the dishwasher in the
closely confined quarters of a kitchen
in a dining car of the Canadian Na-
tional Railways, who cleans an ave-
rage of 1,000 pieces of tablewear
during a meal period at a sink less,
than two ' feet square. Although
housewives have many other duties
besides this usually monotonous task
of cleaning up table and kitchenware
after the family has left the table ful-
ly s atisfied with the tasty meal she
prepared, most of them will neverthe-
less concede that this daily feat on a
dining car is enough to earn the kit-
chenman the title of "champion dish-
washer", even if he does nothing else.
A dining ear on the Canadian Na-
tional Railways begins its journey
equipped with 900 pieces of china, 200
pieces of glassware, 500 pieces of sil-
verware and 200 pantry and kitchen-
ware items, most of which must be
cleaned all spick and span after ev-
ery meal within a space which leaves
little more than elbow room. 'Of
course, a dining car also carries oth-
er items such as 950 cloths and nap-
kins, and a lot of other things inci-
dental to the dining table, on its regu-
lar run but with these the kitchen
dishwasher, has nothing to do. Most
people will agree, however, that his
job is quite enough to keep him busy,
when it is remembered that on long
runs, such as 8 transcontinental trip,
three meals a day are served over
protracted periods.
The total overseas clearances from
Canadian ports, and imports into the
United States for consumption and
milling in bond for re-export, of
Canadian wheat from August 1, 1936
to January 29, 1937, amounted to
123,409,361 bushels as against -100,-
204,894 in the corresponding period
of 1935-36. The export clearances
from Canadian ports totalled 93,295,-
495 bushels in the 1936.37 period
mentioned, as against 71,939,430 bush-
els in the corresponding 1935-36 per-
iod, and the imports of Canadian
wheat into the United States for
consumption and milling in bond for
re-export was 30,113,866 bushels, as
against 28,265,464 bushels in the cor-
responding 1935-36 period.
EXETER: Mr. Thos. Appleton,
aged eighty-two had the misfortune
to fall on the icy sidewalk on Main
street on Thursday evening last. He
fell on his shoulder and was unable
to rise until assisted to his feet by a'
passerby. For several days hesuf-r
fered considerable pain but is again
GODI+IRICH: Mr. and Mrs. A. E.
Jennings are new residents of the
lake shore district, at Sunset Eeach.
Mr. Jennings has purchased property
there and intends to erect tourist cab-
ins and alto to establish a riding
school. He comes from , Port Lamb-
ton, where he was a county constable,
and he is a former member of the
Royal Canadian Mounted Police. The
Sunset Beach district will be more
active than ever this coming season.
With a view to extending its stu-
dies of the economics of producing
smaller turkeys in England for which
there is a steadily increasing demand,
the National Institute of Poultry
Husbandry of Harper Adams College,
England, has secured a pen of breed-
ing turkeys from Quebec Province.
READ . ALL THE ADS. IN
THE NEWS -RECORD
BACK TO THE TOWN
(continued from page 3)
in the way we are going, relief costs,:,
and the pressure of the unemployed
will in the end lower the standard of
living and compel a reduction in real.!
wages not only in the city but..,
throughout the whole country. If we
lower the other costs of production,.,
there will then be more available in `O'
the form of real wages for the men
who work. Nominal wages might in
some cases be lower real wages
could not fail to increase. It is to
benefit to labor to raise wages and.
then take back from the worker by in-.
crease in the cost of living far more-.
than you have g iven him. We stand
at the economic crossroads—we must.
lower the cost of production or face
still further reduction in purchasing
power with continuing pressure upon
our basic industries. We must move -
in some direction—we cannot stand
still. What other course is there to •
follow? The way I have suggested
offers hope. Can this be said of the.
other suggestions which appear from •
time to time.
:PICQB,�R�1,C,'
PIPE
`.TOBACC,O`
Frani all Stations in Eastern Canada
GOING DAILY—FEB. 20 to MARC 6 inclusive-
Return Lima: 45 days
TICKETS GOOD IN
0 COACHES at fares approximately is per mile.
0 TOURIST SLEEPING. CARS at fares approximately t Iepermile.
5 STANDARD SLEEPING CARS at fares approximately 13 ss per mile.
COST OF ACCOMMODATION IN SLEEPING CARS ADDITIONAL
T113
BAGGAGE,Checked. Stopovers atPart Arthur. Armstrong, Chicago and west,
Tickets, Slee/ring Car reservations, and alliaforn:allan from any agent. ASIC PDR HANDBILL
r, Yt'�' t ,
n
1
B!GGES
IN C
ti' 4
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