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HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe Clinton News Record, 1936-11-19, Page 6PAGE 6 THE ON NEWS -RECORD `I URS., NOV. 19, 1930 NEWS Timely Information for the Bush Farmer (Furnished by the Department of Agriculture) Cutting the Fuehvood The farmer who is fortunate to own a woodiot will be cutting the fuelwood for the next winter soon. More owners each year are giving consideration to' the fuelwood cutting as they realize that the amount of in- come that will be received from the woods in years to come is largely determined on the management that is given to the woods now. Trees whose removal ' will benefit future growing -conditions should be selected for cuetting. It may take a few days longer to cut the wood, but the farmer has spare time and men may be hired cheaply during the win- ter season. Often the fuelwood ,may be secured and the woodiot .will be • more: valuable. The following types of trees may be removed in an improvement cut- ting and they will yield a considerable amount of fuelwood. 1. Dead trees. 2. Trees with partly dead tops. 3. Decayed trees and those infested with insects. ' 4. Weed trees. .Trees of the .less valuable species should be removed from the woodiot. 5. Thinnings — Second growth stands require thinning. There is of- ten stagnation and few of the trees are making satisfactory growth. The removal of a percentage of the trees , will improve growing conditions con- siderably. Trees of the less valuable Species, crooked ones, dead trees and those infected with decay should be .kemoved and the straight sound trees of the more valuable species are left to grow into valuable timber trees. A second"growth woods will require a thinning every 1525 years and the material that is taken from a 15-25 acre woods has supplied the ordinary farmhouse with sufficient fuelwood for years. • 6. Trees that ere shading and in- terfering with the growth of trees beneath them. !Trees are ruined often by large trees. Many of the shaded trees die because they are not receiving suffi- cient sunlight. The leaders of ever- -greens are whipped and the deciduous trees g :w crooked trunks The large sound trees should be ut- ilized in order to receive the highest financial returns. Many farmers al- low trees in their woodiot to decay, who would consider themselves shift- less if the grain and hay crops were allowed to deteriorate in the fields. Many in the.past have not consid- ered the emsd!otsn e set, because the `revenue from it ]las beau small, and the reason for the low returns is that no trees aro-cut unless they•are dead or defeetivis. Cate should be taken to protect the small trees. Damage may be elimin- ated largely by care in felling, and a road system is essential in order that the traffic with teamswill not be all over the }foods. , Horeshoe Pitching Horseshoe pitching the one Canadian farm gamewhich is racy of the soil, will reach its climax at the Royal Winter Fair in the last week -in Nov- ember when the singles championship under the Dominion of Canada Rorse- shoe Pitchers' Association will be decided. This is the recognized champ- ionship for the whole country. It will be part of of a four night program of pitching beginning on Monday November 23rd and concluding with the championship contest. First-class pitches are being prepared in the judging ring of the East Building:, The lighting and general conditions are excellent. Rules and shoes are those of the Association. All events, including Senior A and B doubles and singles, are under the auspices of ry the Royal Winter Pair through an ap- o` t p m ed committee, Entries are re- portedto include some of the most interesting players in Ontario and some new talent is expected . to be seen. Potatoes and. Corn The yield per acre ofn otatoes in Ontario is above the very low yield of last year but considerably below normal. Total production is estimat- ed at 14,500,000 bushels as competed with 13,130,000. bushels in 1935, and an average crop of around 18,000,000 bushels. The total Canadian crop of 64,190,000 bushels is only slightly less than a year ago. Corn for ensilage was checked by the drought and total production will amount to 2,425,000 tons as against 3,034,000 tons Iast year. Dairy far- mers'in Central Ontario will be hit by the reduction in the yield of fodder corn as grain yields on many farms in this section were also below nor- mal and .a large number are finding it necessary to purchase feedstuffs in an effort to produce a normal sup- ply of fluid milk this winter. The Xuropean corn borer was much more numerous this fall in the eastern part of Ontario and in the County of Essex, but in the areas where drought occurred, an improvement is report- ed. For instance, in Norfolk. County, where drought was intense, borers were only about one-third as -numer- ous as in 1935. Effects of Drought For the first time in many years a large part of Old Ontario was vis- ited by a severe drought last summer, The more obvious effects of this lack of rain has been, of course, the cur- tailment of crop yields, but there were other serious effects which were not so obvious during the dry spells but are showing ,up . now. According to a report made by Prof. 0. McConkey of the Ontario Agricultural College, "farmers in some esctions of the province have been experiencing difficulties because the feeds grown on their farms are too low in the essential minerals to maintain healthy stock. Animals show symptoms of mineral deficiency troubles by depraved appetite, i.e., chewing bones and sticks, lack of thriftiness, decline in milk production,. and breeding' troubles. An analysis of 105 samples of hay from different farms in Ontario showed that the protein content ranged from 5 per cent to 21.75 per cent and the calcium content from .22 to 3.99, while the phosphorus content ranged from .06 to .22. According to recognized authorities on this sub- ject hay should contain at least .16 per cent phosphorus and .7 of cal- cium. The above survey shows that some farms are producing hay which is 4 times higher in protein than others, and that a considerable percentage 'of the hay is too low in the essential minerals to maintain healthy animals. Where drought has occurred min- eral' deficiencies will be more acute during the coming winter. Feeds -will probably contain less • phosphorus than usual, and it will be a wise pre- caution to start feeding a recognized mineral supplement early in the sta bio feeding period to prevent trouble pad loss. '+ Mice Injure Orchards One of the greatest hazards in the growing of an apple orchard is the danger of girdling by mice. This is especially true in orchards under sod culture, although even orchards un- der clean cultivation are frequently subject to considerable damage from this cause. The amount of damage caused by these animals varies great- ly from year to year, depending largely upon their available supply of food. Galvanized wire screen makes the most effective protection. The initial cost is high, but as it only has to be placed once and will last for a large number of years, it will be found cheaper in the long tun. This wire should be cut into pieces large e- nough to encircle the trunk and leave room for expansion of the trunk, as the tree grows, The lower end should be buried about one inch in the soil, in order to prevent mice from working underneath. Turkeys in Winter Breeding turkeys should not be confined to houses during the winter months but allowed to roam at will during the day. The only shelter, that is required for them at night is a straw barn or closed -in shed. They should not be kept in a draughty place, but any building that will pro- vide shelter from wind, rain, and snow is, quite suitable. Never house turkeys with hens or m heated hous- es because colds which later develop into roup are almost sure• to follow. During the winter months the breed- ing turkeys should receive only lim- ited rations, as they havea tendency to become over fat if well fed. Hard grain should be given in, preference to mash or ground grains. Equal parts of oats, wheat, and buckwheat are quite suitable during the cold months, • but when the weather moder- ates in spring, the buckwheat should be discontinued. Once daily, during winter is often enough to -feed, and fresh water should be providedat least once a day. Canadian cattle exported to the United States from January 1 to Oc- tober 15, 1936, totalled 200,306 head, comprising 139,277 beef cattle; 10,647 dairy cattle, and 50,382 calves. The total exported .during the corre- sponding period of 1935 was 111,611 head. With regard to cattle weigh- ing 700 pounds or more, official fi- gures of the U.S. Treasury Depart- ment show that 97.6 per cent of the quota allowable under the Canada— U.S. Trade Treaty- wasreached on October 3. HAPPENINGS OF INTEREST MR. GEORGE H. LANGAN of Stratford, in charge of Ontario Employment Service for Perth, Hu- ron and Bruce, who says unemploy- ment in his district is gradually de- creasing. Unemployment Is Lessen ing In This Part Of West- ern -Ontario ' • In a recent interview, cheering in- formation about the gradual, lessening of unemployment in his district was given by Mr. George H. Langan, Superintendent of the Ontario Employ- ment Service for Perth, Huron and Bruce Counties. "I an very much encouraged by the steadily increasing demand for la- bour," said Mr. Langan. In the two years he has occupied his. present position Mr. Langan. has made strenuous efforts to widen the usefulness of the Ontario Employ- meat Service by going out into man municipalities in his district and in viting municipal clerks to co-operat by registering applicants in their own area, so that contract work will be more equitably distributed among those who have struggled to keep off relief but whose plight may be even worse than those on relief. Splendid success has met his efforts in this regard. Every effort will be made, Mr Langan said, to persuade employers to encourage their workers when they were Iaid off temporarily or perman- ently, to register at the Employment Service office in Stratford, Steps will be taken, too, he said, to try to encourage employers to use the ser- vices of the government bureau. Heads of industries will be asked to not only report their labour needs, but to advise the Employment Service when inenare employed. "Men who register at our office. when seeking work have the advan- tage of a service which is provincial- wide,i, paid Mr, Langan, "It would be mere beneficial to employees and employer alike if our services were more widely used," •s ;r',, fir° r ietro ®p t Pt% we FARMERS BY ''ETHERITE REFUGEE FROM WAR-TORN SPAIN BECOMES 'CEC ARTIST A T HALIFAX DECEMBER "CONC ERT HALL" BROADCASTS TO BE DEVOTED TO MUSIC ;DF FRENCH COMPOSERS. A refugee from war-torn Beret lona where, with family and friends, she was evacuated recently under most thrilling cirmustances, Jeanne Schaefer, brilliant Canadian who. -be- came famous throughout Spain as an. operatic singer, has joined the Hali- fax studios of the Canadian Broad- casting Corporation and will be fea- tured atan early date on the Cor- poration's weekly "Acadian Seren- ade" programs presented over the eastern and midwest networks" Canadian by Birth Fleeing from the country almost in direct line of ,fire from rifles and machine guns of Spain's warring fac- tions, Miss Schaefer escaped to. Eng- land and from there sailed to Canada where she had spent most of her childhood days. A Canadian by birth, daughter- of Hon. J. J. Fraser, one tinge lieutenant -governor o f New Brunswick, she was educated• in mu- sic first at -the Halifax Conservatory. It was not until six years ago that she began serious and intensive voice study. This was in Barcelona where she was introduced at a state function to Madame Gali Marcoff, wife of the war -time consul -general of Russia. Madame Marcoff was an outstanding Y figure in 'the cultural life .of Czarist - Russia and her name.was angted-one e in the musical salons of St. Peters- burg and Moscow; Talented Singer Madame Marcoff, becoming inter- ested in. Miss Schaefer, for eight months taught her routine work ,and • after a thorough schooling in funda- mentals, she passed on to Lieder, finally to the field of opera. Miss Schaefer' later . niet maestro Jose Sabater, director of the Limo (opera) in Barcelona. Sabater immediately recognized in her voice great and un- usual talent and was her teacher un- til she completed her operatic train- ing. It was through him also that she met Baltasar Semper, one of the finest of Catalan composers, whose "MalIorcan Symphony" was introduc- ed to the new world audiences by Tschaikowsky and his Philadelphia Symphony last season, Semper, who was also director of the Radio As- sociation at Cataluna, took a persona interest in Miss Schaefer and train- ed her thoroughly for radio work in Lieder and popular ballads, She sub- equently won a great reputation in Spain and a tremendous following by "Black List" Of Weeds In s Canada a Itis believed that eighty per cent la of the many varieties of weeds now found in Canada were introduced in- li to this country from Europe, prin- w eipally through the medium of im- ported seed. ' • With the object of Checking the spread of some of the more trouble- some weeds already established, and th of preventing the introduction into th Canada of bad weeds from other countries, a "prohibited list" of weeds ex has been included in a recent revis- sh ion of the regulations under the Seeds Act, and it is now unlawful to sell g in Canada any seed containing the !n ransiating into Spanish and giving it recitals of popular English bol- ds. It was her voice many short wave steners have heard broadcasting orld news in English from Spain. "Concert Hall of the Air" "Men who must needs put aside eir own draems find them again in e artist's fancies, only in a more alted shape and with a finer. truth. Thus, others beside the artist are in his work and to that extent ain admittance to the world he lives This explanation of the pleasure to e gained from a work of art, taken am the writings of Hugh Goitein, every critic and biographer of Sir homes Moore, is to a' large extent e principle which has inspired the building of the "Canadian Concert Pat Terry's Vancouver programs.. . seeds of "prohibited weeds". This "prohibited list" as at present b constituted includes Field bind -weed, lit Dodder, 'Johnson grass, Hoary cress, Leafy spurge and Russian knapweed. th Field bindweed and dodder are al- ready established in Canada but in- festations are limited to particular localities. The other weeds of the "prohibited list", if at all known in Canada, are present to only a slight extent. As occasion requires, additions will be made to the "prohibited list" in order to protect Canada against the introduction from outside sources of new and objectionable weeds. New York Big Market.' For Christmas Trees It will not be long before the sea- sonal traffic in Christmas trees from Eastern Canada to United States cit- ies will commence. While there seems to be an increasing demand for pot- ted trees and rather costly artificial trees; the traditional tree is holding its own. There have been marked, in- creases in the number of trees ex- ported from Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and the province of Que- bec during the past two seasons, 1935 totalling' 3,513,642 with a value .of 5364,135. New York City is the main consuming centre, taking an- nually; between 400 and 425 cars of from 1,500 to 2,000 trees, with Bos- ton, Philadelphia, Detroit, Pittsburgh and ether points within .these areas taking somewhat smaller quantities. The trees in demand range in height from 12 feet down, the most common' sizes being from 6 to 10 feet. l Hall of the Air program being pre- sented every Tuesday evening from the Montreal studios of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, Guest Artist It is anticipated that the Little Symphony under the baton of Dr. Gagner—already the recipient of high .praise of its' -work in the pre- vious cycles of music—will attract in- creased attention through its inter- pretation of the French cycle. As usual, outstanding guest artists will be presented on the programs : Ger- maine Lebel, soprano; Pleurette Beau- champ, pianist; Leopol Morin, pianist, and the Montreal Vocal Symphony under the direction of Paul Corbeil. Cycle of French Music With the object of re -reading those dreams of "a more exalted shape 'and finer truth," the "Canadian Concert Hall of the Air" is attempting a cyc- Beal review of -the major aspects of instrumental music. During October there were presented concerts in a cycle devoted to five of the greatest German composers Bach, Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven, and Wagner. No- vember was devoted to a review of the musical art of Russia. Now. comes the announcement that December will be devoted exclusively to the music of the great French composers. At best, only the highlights of France's contribution to the history of music can be touched upon in four half-hour concerts. Realizing this limitation, Dr. J. 3. Gagnier, conduc- tor of the Little Symphony, and H. Rooney Pelletier, Montreal, program director, have not attempted to in- clude 'works by all the French com- posers of note. Studio Chatter There's one trio heard as members of the "Fanfare" orchestra that play any time at all — whether there's a cheque waiting afterward or not. The night clerk in a small uptown hotel tells this one about "Les" Alexander, who is a permanent guest and who is saxaphonist and singer with the band; and about Dave Henderson, violinist, and "Pike" DeMille, guitar and ban- jo player. "One morning about three o'clock I thought I heard music from the upper regions. I shot up to the fourth floor with fire in my eye Iook- ing forward to meeting dozens of ir- ate guests. But when I stepped into. the corridor, there were nearly thirty transients and permanents standing outside Alexander's room." Not one of thein was disturbed at the idea of being awakened, it appears, and would not allow the clerk to break up the trio which had been playing steadily since midnight for their own amuse- ment and the enjoyment of the "house" . . . "Jig" Watson and Aubrey Wilband, "The Nightmares" team featured on "Fanfare, " Canadian Broadcasting s Corporation program presented every Monday night from, the Saint John d studios, have a keen sense of humor e that cannot be suppressed, First they originated "Romeo and Juli-et," then came "Time Staggers Backward," and now Aubrey has suggested "I Sat on the'Waterspout," being a take -off on i MAKE A COMBINATION SEED AND FERTILIZER SOWER AT LITTLE COST The stnrdyPreston Fertilatorbolts on to the grain hopper of your old seed drill and gives you proper placement of the fertilizer—down the spouts with the grain! Sows any make of fertilizer. From 539.00 'to 544.00,. according tosize. Special�terms on earlybookings for Spring delivery. Write for complete information. OTHER EASTERN STEEL PRODUCTS s,,,,� The Jaand ay line ofponln y equipment Lithe most aael., l reliable and complete in Canada. Tile -Lep or Rib -Roll anetalrootingis durable, envie apply (rightovoryour mate old roof) and inexpensive. Send ridge and rafter -- measurements for free costestimate. ridge and Guelph Street, Preston, Ontario Truest Barns—Fire-proof, weatherproof, rustproof. Factories also at Most popular company -built barns in Canada. MONTREAL and TORONTO money. The- man chiefly responsi for the policies and operations of huge steel company should, in m judgement, be paid very handsomer The bad management of many large corporation has meant million of dollars of loss to the company to the shareholders. .Over and ove it has happened that the re placement' of a chief executive in company losing millions of dollars year has resulted in stopping thes gigantic losses, and the eventua earning of millions of dollars. Share holders have been willing to pay th new money -making executive a Saler of $1,000,000 a. year. They foun that it was profitable to do so. Ole some are worth vastly more than are a others as measured in terns of mon-- y ey. y. What I am trying to get at is this r a When a farmer, or a carpenter, or a s road mender or a -bookkeeper hears., - of men earning far more than he- r er earns, he ought not to think or say that there is great injustice, or that. a he—the farmer, or carpenter, or a bookkeeper or road mender=-shoulde get just as much, .in the way of in- 1aConte or salary, as does the Holly- - Wood star, or the president of a e large life insurance company or of y a huge industrial company. d I have this to say to young men v. if you are bent on being a large earn- er, then you must become the bearer of large responsibilities—you must . make yourself commercially valuable e in large measure. School' 'teachers, in my opinion should be well-paid — this becaus they are responsible for the .educe tion 'of many children. And preach els, likewise, should be well-paid, fo the same sort of reason. All thos carrying heavy responsibilities, relat ed to many persons, ought to be bet ter paid than those of light reapon sibilities. Take the case of a docto whose patient is a millionaire—a man of heavy and Iarge responsibilities. I is quite right that the doctor respon Bible for the good health and fitnes of a millionaire should be paid mor for his service than the doctor whose patient is an artisan. It is not jus a question of skill or ability: it is al so a question of the commercial value of the property represented by the Individual. The commercial value of human be- ings is not the same for everybody Every man has a commercial value— an insurable value. One man's insur- able value may be 51000,000 or $10; 000,000. Thus, Henry Ford's insur- able value is large. It is incompar- ably larger than that of the captain of a tug -boat or than that of a car- penter. The insurable value of a hu- man being is determined as is the insurable value of a horse: what is the earning power or value of a man —of a horse? What loss would be incurred by the owners of the man or of the horse should he or it die? Not all horses have the same earn- ing power or value. A race -horse may earn' for its owners 5100,000 a year. A 'farm horse or a dray -horse may earn for its owner 5200 a year. In the case of Fleury Ford, his value to the business which employs 'him — vhich uses his genius and experience and vision—is millions of money. In the case of the man at the soda foun- ain of a drug store, his value to his employer can be reckoned in hundreds of dollars, Or take the case of a Hollywood tar. His or her value to a moving picture company may be a million oilers; whereas the value of the amera man in the same company may be only a few thousand dollars. Or take the value of a great in- ventor, or of a great chemist: his commercial value is many times arger than that of the janitor of the building where both work, I hope that I have made it clear that the commercial value of all hu- man beings is not the sane — that _ What we earn in this world is not ✓ governed by our moral Worth, or by- e the quality of our education. It is . governed by our Cash value to those _ who employ us, or to those whom we _ serve. If you want an income of ✓ those who employ us, - or to those whom we serve. If you want an in-. t come of $10,000 a year, you must - make yourself valuable to many per - s sons simultaneously—must have do- e million over the • welfare, safety or fortunes of many persons. You must,. t by your genius and energy, save a tat . _ of money for others—this by prevent- ing its waste or loss; or you must make a lot of money for others. You must acquire knowledge of special kind in excess of others—knowledge which, in exercise or employment, • will make you a money-maker in large measure for others, Men who make only a small a- mount of money, for themselves or for others, have to be content with a small income, for there is a direct . and an immediate relationship be- tween the amount of one's income and what one makes for the enrich- ment of others. So, when you read or hear of the large incomes made by this man or that man, be sure that he is commer- cially valuable in large measure to • those who pay him his large salary. YOUR WORLD AND MINE byJOHN J HN c: • xlRxw001) (Copyright) .61VIP`.'.W.'.',r.'r`rY.`.'Lh'.iY1i'eW.". r'.SYR' Men who earn little—whose annual income may be less than 51000 or less than $2000—are offended when they read or hear of men earning salaries several tines larger than what they earn. They may say, "I work just as hard as Brown does, and I'n just as good as Brown is. It is not right —his getting 54000 a year and my getting only $1000." Now, I. am going to put forward this point of view, namely: men who carry heavy responsibilities these hi relation to many persons—should be paid more than those of light re- sponsibilities which are related to only themselves or to a very small nu'csber of persons. ` Take the case of . the captain of the Queen Mary ship. I do not recall what this ship cost, but let us say that it cost 510,- 000,000. Now, the Captain of the Quoen Mary is responsible for the preservation and the safety of a ship costing millions of money; also, he is responsible for the safety and wel- fare of 2000 ,passengers and the crew. So this captain's remuneration should have relation to both the char- acter and the. measure of his respon- sibilities. I .believe that . the man behind the counter receiving no more than 5800. a year will admit readily that the captain of the Queen Mary should' be paid more than he him- self receives. e Take another example: there is: the president of a large insurance com- pany. Ile, representing his company, is responsible for the safety of mil- lions of dollars , of policy -holders' funds. These funds must be invested wisely. Clearly it ; takes a man of very large expdrience and knowledge of a particular kind to fill acceptab- ly'the office' of president of a large life insurance company. I believe that all of us will agree that the man filling such a post should be paid more than 51000, per annum—more than $10,000 per annum. Let us take 'another ease—the head of a great steel corporation, using millions of dollars of the public's Thenumbers of livestock on farms . in Canada, as at June 1, 1936, accord- ing to the preliminary official esti- mate, are—horses, 2,918,900, a de- crease of 12,400 from 1935; cattle, 8,- 819,100, a -decrease of.1,500 from.1935; hogs, 4,159,700, an increase of 780,- 000 on 1935; sheep, 3,370,000, a de- crease of 198,600 from 1935, AVIATION AND MARINE RADIO OPERATING We are prepared to consider'a few more young men for training in Radio as required by the Dominion Government for Ist and 2nd class licensed operators. Only Canadian citizens possessing good character and health plus two roars High School: or the equivalent, acceptable. Unless you can fulfill theabove requirements please do not apply, RADIO COLLEGE OT' CANADA. 963.. BAY ST., TORONTO CENA- T MILE ROUND U TRIP BARGAIN FARES (Minimum Fares: Adult 75c.: Child 40c.). FROM CLINTONgjAND ALL ADJACENT C.N.R. STATIONS FRI. NOV. 27tQ Whitby, Oshawa, Bowinanville, Port Hope, Cobourg, Trenton Jct., Belle- ville, Napanee, Kingston, Gananoque, Brockville, Prescott, Morris - burg, Cornwall, Uxbridge, Lindsay, Peterboro, Campbell'ford, New- market, Allendale, Penetang, CoIlingwood, Meaford, Barrie, Orilla, . Midland, Gravenhurt, Bracebridge, Huntsville, Callander, North Bay, Parry Sound, Sudbury. All towns in New Ontario on line of Tendis- kanring & Northern Ontario Ely.; Nipissing Central Illy.; Kapus- kasing, Longlae, Geraldton, Jellicoe, Beardmore. SAT. NOV 28 to Toronto Also to Brantford, Chatham, . Chesley, Clinton,. Durham, Exeter, Fergus,.Goderieh, Guelph, Hamilton, Hanover, Harriston, Ing- ersoll, Kincardine, Kitchener,' London, Listowel, Mitchell, Niagara •. Falls, Owen Sound, Paisley,.. Palmerston, Paris, Port Elgin, St. Cath- arines, St. Marys, Sarnia, Southampton, Stratford, Strathroy, Walk- erton, Wiarton, Wingham, Woodstock. SATNOV28 Locally between Important Stations at . e . which Excursion Tickets are sold—Ask Ticket Agent. For Fares, Return Limits, Train Information, Tickets, consult near- est Agent. See handbills for complete list of destinations, T100SA. ATTRAC'T'IONS ..- . , TORONTO ..— .., SAT. NOVEMBER 2, . ART GALLERY of TORONTO—Exhibition of paintings by the . m- ous artist VINCENT VAN GOGH, French Post Impressionist. 'roe showing includes such masterpieces as "SUNFLOWERS", "BRIDGE ' AT ARLES", "CYPRESSES", "HAYSTACKS", Seen by 160,000 people in Chicago in a single month, . NATIONAL LEAGUE HOCKEY Toronto "Maple Leafs" vs. Montreal "Canadiens" •CANADIAN NATIONAL ®NAL