HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe Clinton News Record, 1939-03-16, Page 6PAGE 6
Timely Information for the
iasj Farmer
(Furnished by the Department of Agriculture)
PRUNING APPLE, TREES All cuts should be neatly made at
the juncture' of the limbto be re -
(Experimental Farms News) moved and another branch. If' stubs
Apple tree benefit from a certain are left they rot 'back and cause
',amount of corrective pruning to re- breakages. Large limbs should be cut
movedead or diseased branches, ex- half way through from the underside
cess sucker growth, crossing and and at a short distance from where
overlying limbs and to generally the final cut is to be made. -Another
shape a tree to permit of efficient cut on the upper side, but nearer
spraying and picking operations, the trunk, will sever the branch from
states ll. G. White, Dominion Eh- the tree, after which the stub may
perimenfal Station, F'rederickton,- N. be cut off flush with the other limb.
B. • This avoids the nasty jagged .splint -
The ultimate aim of the pruner is ering which often occurs if only one
to produce large, strongly built trees cut from the top is made. When
that have a large bearing surface pruning operations are complete,
and will be able towithstand the paint all eats over, two inches in
weight of heavy crops of fruit or the diameter with a white lead paint to
strain of severe storms. Rooney trees which may be added a little lamp -
with a thirty foot spread or more and black to give it a grey colour. When
having a maximum height for effic- mixing the paint, use raw linseed oil
tent spraying and picking operations as a spreader, not the boiled form.
should be the idea in mind when Any forth, of dried, such as turpen
pruning. At the Fredertektoa Ex- tine, is best left out as it injures
perimental Station, this work is done the wood. The paint keeps the wood
in late March and early April, al- covered and preserves the cut sur-
lowing sufficient time to cover all face until Healing occurs.
the orchards before the sap begins! Prunings may be hauled away to
to flow in the spring. The only tool''a brush heap and left until dry, or
necessary are a pair of pruning else may be burned immediately by
sheillrs and an adjustable pruning starting the fire with dry wood and
saw. I the green branches piled on snugly.
Pruning begins, with the young They will burn quite readily.
tree at planning time. The latest' BY following these practices; those
practice is not to ,head back the in charge of the Station orchards
young tree. To offset the loss of have obtained trees of the desired
roots cut off at digging time, remove stature.
crowding limbs so as to provide a
modified' central leader type of tree
with four or fve spirally arranged
scaffold branches spaced approxima-
tely eight inches .apart. The first
limb is situated about thirty inches
from the ground and the Ieader is
headed back after 'the fifth branch
has been established. When possible,
branches with sharp angled crotches MILE PRODUCTION PER COW
should be cut out, as these sharp IMPORTANT
tingles may have bark intrusions'
which render them weak and liable Increased production per cow has
to break when subjected to a severe often been given as one means by
strain. The nearer a right angle a which the dairy farmer can increase
limb is to the trunk the stronger his income on the farm. This is true
it is usually. Very litlt1e pruning within certain limits as shown by the
is given for the next few years as first year results of the Dairy Farm
the trees grew faster and come into Management Study carried out in
bearing earlier if given only slight Ontario, by the Dominion and Pro -
pruning during this period. Only vincial Departments of Agriculture,
those branches having a detrimental On farms shipping milk to city
effect on the future shape of the tree markets there was an increase of
should be -cut 'out, leaving all the nearly $200 in labor earnings for
leaf surface :possible to stimulate every increase of 1500 lb. production
rapid development. per cow up to 9,000lb, but on farms
Older trees and nature ones are with a production exceeding this
gone over each spring to remove dead mark a slight decrease of labour
or excess wood. Sucker growth is earnings \vas disclosed. On the farms
-usually the greatest offender as it a high production may be attained
generally starts from some main by paying less attention to some
limb and grows perpendicularly other farm work. With each increase
through the tree, irrespective of tree of 1500 Ib. production per cow, the
shape. This type of growth is also cost of production per 100 lb. was
Structurally weak, breaking . easily. reduced by approximately 15 cents.
It is advisable to remove the reaj-! Among the shippers 'to the proces-
ority of these suckers except where sed milk markets (cheese, condensed
a hold may be filled to advantage. milk, milk powder and cream), there
At one time, some thinning of -the is usually less specialization in dairy -
outer twigs Was considered good ing. In these groups there is a pro
pruning. The feeling today is that nounced rise in operator labour earn-
the majority of the .high grade fruit ings with an increase in the pro-
fs borne at the sides and top of the duction per cow. The cost of produe-
tree and that the younger wood is tion • per 100 Ib. of milk, however,
not likely, to grow too densely. If does not change appreciably, Because
the, thin, unproductive wood is taken of the varying types of farms in
out of the lower centre to open it this processed group, 'the production
up for spraying and to eliminate the per cow serves more as a gabge of a
poor fruit it products, that. should farmer's ability rather than as an
be sufficient, keeping in mind the important factor in the efficiency of
idea that `where possible the scaffold his milk production.
limbs should have side-branches arts-' Production per cow is an important
ing within, two or three feet of the factor affecting farm returns. There
main trunk. , 'are a few farmers prodneing milk
Varieties differ in their habit of profitably with an average produc-
growth, some like the'MeIntosh being tion per cow ranging from 6,000' to
of a spreading nature, others such over 10,000 lb. ' Tliis wide range at
as the Canada Baldwin and Sandew which milk may beproducel profit-
being erect. In general, however, ably indictsiles the action of other
the principles to apply are the same factors which cannot be ignored eom-
for each ease namely, a modified pletely.
central leader with four or five
Scaffold branches, side branches , CORRECTION
'within two or three feet of the trunk,' In last week'(1 "Little Chats on
the removal of dead and diseased Farm Management", No. 6, the -state-
wood, crossing and crowding limbs ment in the fourth paraghaph read:
and of suckers. Little if any cutting .1'Ojn the farms where the records
is done where the best fruit is pro.' show an index above 120, the labour
duced, with the lower centre opened earnings were $965 and the cost of
up slightly to removethin unproduc-' producing 100 lb. of milk was $263.
tive wood and allowing space, for in -,This should have .read $2.03.
side spraying. Snipping of " small
twigs is to. be avoided.
•
LITTLE CHATS
on
FARM MANAGEMENT
No. '7
This.is a
reproduction of
TiTE-LAP
Metal Roofing
so widely used, on
farm buildings.
Easy to put on,
permanent, fire-
proof, minimum
upkeep. Write for
cost estimate.
J
TO BILL MOTHS IN FURS
Research work has shown that
moth larvae in: furs are most effect-
ively killed by repeated exposures to
sudden changes in temperatures,
kttown as the "shock" method. Ap-
proved procedure calls for refrigera-
tion of furs after cleaning, first to
a 'temperature of 15 to 18 degrees
TILE CLINTON NEWS -RECORD
TRUI
., MARCH 16, 11'30i,,
SOIL 5IANAGEMENT IS MAJOR
FACTOR FERTILITY
PROBLEM
The development of serious fertil-
ity problems in Ontario soils is larg-
ely the result of inherent low pot-
ential fertility its certain poor soil
types, and secondly, depletion of rich
soils through improper management
under continued cultivation and crop-
ping,' and failure to replace these
fertility losses, states Prof, G. N.
Retake head of the Chemistry Dept.,
O.A.C. Guelph.
Faulty land . utilization and poor
soil management combined are the
major factors responsible for most
soil fertility problems at the present
time, Prof. Ruhnke declares, adding
that tillage and rotation practices.
many alleviate or intensify tosses of
valuable surface soil by water, or
wind erosion. Fall sown cover crops
should bd used where possible to re-
duce erosion. Prof. Ruhnke suggests
limited use of rolling and hilly land
for cultivated or hoe crops and more
extensive use of this type of land for
hay and meadows.
Shortage of manure necessitates
the use of green -manuring crops as
a supplement. WhRe legumes are
best for this purpose, non -legumes
may be used, particularly if they are
handled as "green" manuring crops
should be. Two tons of cereal straw
per acre plus 200 pounds per sere
of a nitrogen fertilizer will provide
approximately as much active or-
ganic matter as ten tons of average
farmyard manure. It is essential that.
the nitrogen be applied with the
straw when it is (turned down or
nitrogen starvation may seriously
reduce the crop that follows.
Outside the Niagara Peninsula
counties where at least 80 per cent
of .the soils are lime deficient in
varying degrees, the acidity problem
is purely local and soils should be
tested before lime applied, Prof.
Ruhnke advisee, Soil tests are a
valuable means for detection of de-
ficiencies and farmers should consult
their Agricultural Representatives as
to the nearest soil testing station of
the Ontario Dept. of Agriculture.
It is no longer heresy to advocate
the use of commercial fertilizer as
a necessary farm practice if crop
yields are to be maintained, and to
get the maximum results front com-
mercial fertilizers, fanners should
know just what their soil lacks by
having it tested.
TOBACCO' GROWING IN THE
DOMINION
The history of tobacco growing in
Canada reaches pack into the early
French' colonial days, The French
settlers on the banks of the St.
Lawrence found the custom of tobac-
co smoking to be general among the
natives. For some years very few
of the whites acquired the - habit,
partly because of government opposi-
tion. Eventually, however, smoking
became general and farmers began to
grow the -plant; but it was not until
about 1735 that the home gopernment
in France-aetually encouraged 'tobac-
co growing in Canada.
Tobacco growing continued under,
British rule a
nd production on gradual-
ly
1-
ly ,reached its peak in 1988 with a
crop of approximately 96,000,000
pounds. 'Phe tobacco now grown in
Canada consists mainly of the types
and icultivated varietes
i
n the United
States. An exception to this is found
in the pipe tobaccos produced in the
province of Quebec, These comprise
a sometvhat mixed group of varieties,
the origin of some reaching back into
the days of the French regime in
Canada, while the seed of others was
brought from Europe more recently.
In a new bulletin an attempt is
made to deal briefly with the more
important phases of ,tobacco produc-
tion. Subjects such as types of seed
beds, cultural practices, methods of
harvesting and curing, diseases and
insects are discussed in an easily
understood way. No attempt is made
to deal exhaustively with these or
related problems. The purpose of the
bulletin is to meet only the require
meths of persons •' desiring general
information and to provide thein with
the results obtained from recent ex-
perimental work (throughout the
Dominion.The bulletin ,is well illust-
rated and may be obtained free on
application from the Publicity, and
Extension Division, Dominion, Depart-
mentof Agriculture.
R)'EGISTRATION OF FIREARMS. •
Owners of pistols and revolvers are
required by regulations to register
those firearms with police depart-
ments. Chief Fremlin has received
word that the registraton must be
completed by July 1st
Residents of Clinton are to register
their small arms' with the police de-
partment' here. When . small aims
Fahrenheit. After two or three days are registered three registration
at these temperatures, furs are ex- papers have to be filled out. The or -
posed to 45 to 50 'degrees P. temp-
eratures. It was found that the dup-
lication of this process two or three
times kills all moths, eggs and
larvae. The highest relative humid-
ity for the storage of furs has been
found to be from 55 to 65 per cent owns a revolver or pistol and fails
Although well developed moth larvae to have it registered; is liable to a
may withstand a temperature of 18 prison term of 80 days or fine, or
degrees F. for a long period of time, both,
with the possibility of 'changing from ` It is pointed, out that registration
a dormant to an active state when of such arms is entirely separate
temperatures return to normal, the from purchase of a license for 'the
repeated exposures to extremes with- arms. The fact that a person has a
in the 15 to 50 degrees F. tempera- license does not mean that the guns
tulle range are fatal forall moth are registered and owners are asked
larvae endangering furs. ' / to bear this point in mind.
igintii sheet is detained by the own
er ofthe revolver or pistol. The
second forst goes to Ottawa and the
third copy is retained by the local
police. -
Accordingto law any person who
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C. Ii. SCOTCIIMER
BAYFIELD.
A. BUCHANAN
VARNA.
Mirror of
The Nation
By "Commoner"
Blyth Service Station
I3LYTH.
Watkins' Service Station
CLINTON
Manion's action in revealing the act- "TIiE SHAMROCK OF ERIN"
nal situation in Parliament. The oc- "There's a dear little plant that
casion for Dr. Manion's statement grows in our isle,
St. Patrick himself, sure,
,
who set it."
Thus the old song gives to St. Pat--
lves. The Opposition Leaders review- rick the honor of introducing into,
ad the activities of the House of Com, he Emerald Isle the dear little.
mons for the two months of the ses- Shamrock of Ireland." But author-
mons
cion. In doing so he compared the re- ities throughout the centuries have
,solutions proposed by private mem-
continued 'to differ as to the origin
bots with the proposals se far sub.' of the shamrock. "St. Patrick is be-
mitted by the Government and show -
claims
to Have lived about A. D. 377,"
A. ringing challenge to action a on the part of the Administration 'ed that the former were much the claims one writer, "yet the legend.
more important. Whereas . private connecting his name with the nation:
challenge that reflects- growing con -'have Manioed this condition, members had introduced resolutions al badge of Ireland does not make
cern in the country was :presented to � Dr. 1VTanion's challenge is pat•ticul- its a
the Prime Minister in the Commons °n unemployment affecting nearly pnearance in literature of the
airy si ea to an i coming at this time. half a million Canadians, the pip- • eountty until 1681.
this week by the Leader of the Op- It serves to spike a plan which some The Trinitytradiion,which first:
position, lion. R. J. Manion. The chal- .poli'tical observers believe Mr. Mao -
ac blains relating to youth, the mann- a
lenge came after nearly two months n. ing t er of the expenditure of $68,000,000• liPeared in literature in 1727, relates.
kenzie Ring. has been ever ng to he gt that "the tanby pe
Op-
of
failure by the Government to m- last few days. The plan, according to °'n defence agriculture and other plant worn the a.
troduae and proceed with legislation' outstanding :questions, including the plc in their hats cit the seventeenth
dealing with matters of urgent nat- these observers, was that of attempt- fisheries, and most important of rho day of March yearly, which is called
ional concern. It came in answer to ing to shift from the Government it- Ministry's measures, apart from the Saint Patrick's Day, it being current
an attempt `the Prime Minister to , self to Parliament responsibility for •ads treaty resolution, had to do, tradition that by this three -leaved.
P bygrass,he saint emblematically set
place on Parliament, and particular- • with the penitentiaries affecting the ' Y
lack of action in the matters mem-
ly on the .Opposition, parties, blame tioned by Dr. Manion and of seeking condition of some 4,000 convicts, the`foryh the mystery of the Holy Win -
for the failure of th Government to to achieve this ,purpose by a sudden annual grant to the city of Ottawa, itY.
actin these matters.dissolution of P'arlitment shortly a bill dealing wih lipstick and other Ireland's ancient literature refers
rafter the conclusion of Their Majes- cosmetics and the bill regarding re- to the shamrock by various Haines as
Said Dr. Manion:
was the Prime Minister's motion to
ideprive private members of the last
day of the session left to bring up
propcsals originating with themsel-
i ties' visit and before the inadequacy gardiug refinancing, the principal seamsog, shanrote, ehambroch, shant-
"1 challenge the Government now of government legislation was fully effect of the introduction of which lug, shamrocks, seanirog, snamrogh,
to get down to business: to introduce, revealed, ' was a prolonged discussion on Social seamen-oge. The word shamrock,
for .example; legislation to deal with
Credit theories. claims an authority, is Erse and de
the great unemployed problems, 'or The political strategy of this plan 'rived from seamrog, a compound, of
the youth problems, or with national was that it would be made to appear With 180 members behind him the seamar, meaning trefoil, and og, little
understanding if you lilts, andwith that Parliament was blocking action Prime Minister was in a position, at —cover.
House taxes andouse
on vital national problems and that
debt — to name only a any time front the commencement of Today pots of shamrock eonttibute
few of the great problems. If lie. Mr. Ring was asking the country to the session, to have had the a delightful touch of emeraly to the
Govern -
proceeds to deal with these import -,give him a, new Parliament to deal of Commons proceed with Govern windows of florists stores and finds
with them, notwithstanding that he went business, Dr. Manion pointed a ready sale for table decoration in
ant subjects 'I think the Rt. iron.' ottt. "I Ie could have done that at
Gentleman would be well within. his had presented no program to the homes eelebratihg St. Patrick's Day
rights in askingthe House to, o on old Parliament. 114r. Ring's cense lrr any time unless he writhed to abdicate festivities. Florists also snake gro-
grecent days has supported. the view his position as Leader of thus House", vision for folk of Irish 'descent who
ocheGovernment business and for Dr. declared, The leaderless
other Icon. Gentleman to stop, talk- that this plan was in preparation. On wish to honor the patron Saint by'
ingprivate resolutions. Until he several .occassions lately he has ac -character of the Government was "the wearin' o' the green", and Iarge
does that I think private members cased the house of Commas of demonstrated by the fact that this bunches of single shamrock leaves
certain] leave the edge on the ar -. wasting tints and blocking progress course had not been taken. No the in readiness to be worn a button-
Y t a g measures, of an importance had been
umetrt because the subjects which despite' the fact Hitt the resolution Y hole bouquets. Practically all of frac
for the adoption of the trade treaty brought, :forward,lry the Government season is Canadian-grawit, claim the
which is already in force, is the : only and the Prime Munster had con- florists. Sonia years ago it was cis,
piece of business' of any consequence plaint because Parliament took time sonar, to import quantities from, Ire -
that the Adminsttation has introduo- to discuss ineatiployinent, the distress land, and it is sad that many years
ed. These efforts of the Prince Min- of the • fishing industry and the ago annual import was made .from
.n ister to shelve tbo blame for inaction, awarding, of munitions contracts to Downpatrick, Ireland, where St. Pat -
In one respect this was the most coupled with instructions going out Political favioritcl:, withoutcompeti rielc lies buried.
important utterance in Parliament so to 'electoral off;cers in the country tion. 1
far this session. It is important to get redly for an election, aro In 'view of the increasing discon
because it. places squarely on 'the largely the basis for eurreatt rumors tent tlu•oughout'the country with af- Government, in itsown political in-
Oovernineait` responsibility fon Per- that Mr. Icing has been developing fairs at Ottawa it is felt here that forests, to bring forward such meas-
lianent's lack of action se far this the idea :of " dissolving Parliament Dr, Manion's statement on the 'situa - ores as'it can devise for dealing with,
suddenly in the' midst of the session, tion if likely to affect' the .course of internal economic conditions. The ills
perhaps about, the end of .June or the session from now on. Old solution plan would have permitted
early its July. ' 'parliametttarions believe it will coin- the Government to avoid dealing with
The plan, if it was taking shapo,ipel the abandonment of any phut for these matters except innew election)
will be considerably upset by Dr.' early dissolution; and 1:1oi'stuade the promises.
their resolutions deal are very much
more important' than anything the
Prime Minister has brought tip thus
far this session"
year. This lack of action has been
provoking] tocreasing .]popular dis-
content. The leader of the Conservat-
ive Party made it clear that leaeler-
lessness azul Concentrated inactivity