HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe Clinton News Record, 1938-06-02, Page 6'PXOE 6
CLINTON NEWS -RECORD,
1: •
THURS., JUNK 2, 11381,
Timelg Information for the
Busy Farmer
(Furnished by the Department of Agriculture)
LIVESTOCK BEDDING water supply is handy, is a ready
Straw is the bedding material for
livestock almost universally used on
• the farm in Canada. It will absorb
two or three times its weight of
liquid:, Peat moss used as bedding
will absorb about ten times its weight
of liquid. Other suitable kinds of
bedding for livestock are sawdust and
air-dried muck and peat.
• FARM LAND VALUES
For the third year in succession,
average value of occupied farm lands
in Canada are estimated at $24 per
acre. Farm land values have been
declining since 1928 when they were
reported at $38 per acre. A low point
of $23 per acre was reached in 1934
and an increase of $24 occurred in
• 1935 since when the values have re-
mained at that figure. •
01.•••••••••••
TENT CATERPILLAR
Now is the time to control tent
caterpillars. The whitish webs con-
structed by the insects are only too
commonly seen on neglected fruit
trees, and on roadside trees, espec-
ially -wild chenies. The caterpillars
may be readily killed by spraying in-
fested trees with lead arsenate 2
pounds in 40 gallons, or by destroy-
ing the tents by hand when the cater-
pillars are inside them, which is us-
ually on cloudy days and early in the
morning: Burning the nests with a
torch is very effective, but care Must
be taken not to burn the tree.
e It is possible to destroy these tents
early and thus save labor and loss
of fruit later.
precaution to nut out small fires be-
fore they get beyond control. Where
it is possible, however small the cOin-
munity, a fire department should be
organized and the work not left tin -
organized to, the overzwilling efforts
of neighbors.
CULTURAL CONTROL OF WEEDS
IN LAWNS
(Experimental Farms Note)
Unfortunately there is as yet no
easy and simple method of eradicat-
ing weeds in a lawn. A. considerable
number of experhnents have been con-
ducted with chemical weed -killers on
turf, but so far most of the results
obtained have been relatively unsiic-
cessful. It is improbable that any
one chemical treatment will kill all
the weeds and leave the turf unln-
jnred. If chemical weed -killers are to
be applied, every epecies of weed must
be Considered and such factors as the
species of grass in the lawn, the type
of soil, the rainfall, sunlight, etc.,
must be taken into account, as they
all influence the action of the chem-
ical. Improper or careless applications
of weed -killers often result in serious
damage to the turf and, until a great
deal more is known about these chem-
icals layman would do well to turn
towards cultural methods of combat-
ing weeds in lawns.
For general purposes lawn weeds
may be divided into two main classes:
annuals, which live only one season
and thus can only reappear if they
produce seed; and perennial weeds
which live through the winter and
grow again the following season.
The logical control of annual weeds
is to prevent them from seeding them-
selves. As soon as they show signs
of flowering, the lawn should be raked
so as to raise these flowering shoots
off the ground, Then cut the grass
SOYBEAN EXPERIMENT
- 'After fourteen years of experinf-
ental work with soybeans at the Har-
row Experimental Station Kent
county, Ontario, the list of suitable with a mower fitted with a good
varieties recommended has been liar- grass -catching attachment, and de -
rowed down to four. One of these, the stroy the cuttings. It is a good policy
Mandarin, is suited to Eastern Ont- to rake and cut the lawn a second
ario, since it matures in 110 days and time, the second raking to cross the
is a good type. The variety O.A.O. I first at right angles so that all the
211 requires an extra week to mature potential seed -heads are raised up and
and is adapted to southwestern dist- destroyed,
ricts of Ontario. Manchu, a medium If perennial weeds such as dande-
late sort requires about 123 days to lions are present in the lawn the sur -
mature and the A. K. (Harrow est method is to hand weed the infest -
strain) takes 127 days. Both may be 1 ed areas, cutting the plants as far
grown in favorable seasons and the below the crown as possible. Just as
A. K. Harrow is desirable on account' soon as this hand weeding is com-
alength 0 *talk and high yield. Ipleted, a light. seeding of grass and
Plantings of different varieties, white clover on the bare spots breated
have been made at Harrow as early by the removal of weeds will help .to
as April 23 and at weekly intervals keep other weeds from becoming
until May 15. Under most conditiolis I established. This hand weeding may
it has been found that the soil does1 have to be repeated several times
throughout the first season to entirely
rid the land of these pests.
One of the best systems of control, -
ling both annuals and perennial weeds
is by doing everything possible to pro -
so that for Southwestern Ontario mote a dense and vigorous growth of
May 15 to May 20 may be recom- turf. A dressing of a good complete
Mended for planting. fertilizer, applied at the rate recom-
Birds Do More Good
Than Harm
Some of the birds that save mil-
lionof dollars in • crops each year
are still misjudged, Fruit raisers
often look ,on robins as enemies be-
causa of the rolairt'S appetite for cher-
ries. Y(4 rabble consume insects
harmful •to !fruit crops (throughout
the year, and only during the flock-
ing periods in June and July do they
eat cultivated fruit to any extent.
Wild berries, as soon as they are
ripe, form the greater part of their
Woodpeckers are often suspected
of damaging trees by their drillings,
Each hole drilled means that the bird
, .
has located the larvae of a destruct-
ive wood -boring insect. Woodpeckers
are among the most valuable forest
conservationists. With their heavy
bffis they capture insects that other
birds cannot get.
When swallows' nests are torn from
the eaves of barns, some of the best
friends of the farm have been turned
away. Swallows, catching their food
on the wing, consume vast numbers
of harmful flying insects, especially
during the nesting and moulting per-
iods when they, like most other birds,
eat little beside animal food. Young
birds inside the nest often eat more
insects than their parents. Swallows
should be encouraged to build on barn
eaves by providing mud for nest
mortar and a shelf to support nests.
Even small entrance holes might be
cut in barn gables.
In the fruit districts, the oriole has
been accused of damaging grapes and
garden pear, but the oriole's food con-
sists principally of caterpillars. It
also eats quantities of plant and bark
lice, ants, wasps, grasshoppers, spid-
ers, and weevils.
PREPARING FOR SOY ,BEANS
The growing of soy beans it increasing in popularity in, the dis-
tricts surrounding Clinton, and the acreage sown, each year is
gradually getting large)...•
EffectiveWay For
Cockroach Control
The common cockroach is the po-
tential carrier of disease organisms,
including certain kinds of pathogenic
bacteria and protozoa, and it may also
serve as the secondary or intermediate
host of parasitic nematodes or round-
worms. In view of the menace of
cockroaches as potential disease car-
riers, and because they contaminate
human food with fetid glandular
secretions, their control ie of wide-
spread public. interest. These insects
have flattened, horny bodiee, and
large spiny legs, which enable them
to move quickly and take refuge in
cracks and other small crevices, where
they usually remain hidden during the
day and emerge at night in search of
food. The eggs of cockroaches de-
velop within a small horny capsule
carried about by the female within
the end of the abdomen until shortly
before the young or symphs batch.
The most widespread species is the
small, so-called, German cockroach
Blatella germanica L, which is very
prevalent in apartment and dwelling
houses, hotels, restaurants, stores,
etc., where warm moist conditions and
a plentiful food supply are to be
found. Sometimes, during the sum-
mer months, this species lives and
multiplies in garbage dumps.
According to the Division of En-
tomology, Science Service, Dominion
Department of Agriculture, Ottawa,
cockroaches may be controlled with
sodium fluoride. The powder should
be dusted lightly where the insects
occur, or blown by means of a dust
gun or insecticide puffer into cracks
and crevices which shelter them. Ow-
ing to the somewhat poisonous char-
acter of this insecticide reasonable
precautions should be taken to pre-
vent accidental poisoning. Two other
materials often used are pyrethrum
and borax. Pyrethrum insect powder
is non-poisonius to humans, but less
satisfactory than sodium fluoride, as
it loses its effectiveness quickly on
exposure to air and has to be used
in larger quantities. Borax, too, is
less effective than sodium fluoride.
If used it should be mixed with equal
parts of powdered sweet chocolate.
Fly sprays containing pyrethrum ex-
tract are also commonly used, but
these kill only by direct contact. A
pamphlet dealing with cockroaches
may be secured by writing to the
Publicity and Extension Division,
Department of Agriculture, Ottawa,
not warm up sufficiently until the
middle of May. A. severe frost will
:ruin the young plants. With- late
maturing varieties there is need to
plant in good time to obtain, ripe seed
PREVENTING FARM FIRES
It is well known that in Canada
every year losses due to farm fires
amount to an enormous sum, yet j2jl good Watering a week will give much
many cases the damage to a certain more satisfactory results than several
extent might have been prevented by light sprinklings. A lawn should be
simple measures, cut frequently but not too severely.
One precaution is not to put wet Kentucky blue grass, which is the
or uncured hay in barns, nor to put principal lawn grass in eastern Can -
dry hay in barns that have leaky
roofs. It is also risky to smoke in
or around these buildings. With
regard to electric equipment, it is inches.
dangerous to use fuses of too great Top soil often contains as many as
amperage and no article should be ten thousand weed seeds per cubic yd.
used in place of a fuse. Care should
be taken to seethat lightning rods
remain properly grounded, and de-
fective electrical wiring should be re- atively free front weeds. For the same
paired promptly. reason farmyard manure should only
The use of kerosene or gasolene to
kindle fires or quicken a slow fire
has been responsible not only for
many fires but also for many deaths
• on farms and just because there has
never been a fire on the farm, it is
dangerous to neglect precautions un-
der the belief that the buildings will
never take fire. Insurance gives an
unwarranted sense of security but in-
surance cannot give compensation
for all the financial losses and it
cannot replace loss of life. Extreme
care shoula always be taken in hand-
ling and using gasolene. The gas-
olene containers should be tightly using it another step is taken towards
closed, painted a bright red, and la- obtaining a turf free from weeds,
Above is Roy Keys breaking up a field of alfalfa sod on the farm
• of Nelson. Reid-, Varna, which will be prepared for the
sowing of soy beans.
The Composition and Uses
• of Soy Beans
The world production. of this val- an enamel, the base of which is a
synthetic resin produced from the soy
bean. The resin also finds application
in the manufacture of electrical equip-
ment. Because of its drying propert-
ies, the linoleum and oilcloth indust-
ries use large amounts of soy bean
oil.
Much of the oil finds its way to
the soap vats. Here it is especially
suitable for automobile soaps. Glycer-
ine is produced as a by-product.
Some other uses for the oil are, as
rubber substitutes, celluloid, printers
inks, explosives, salad oil, lighting
and lubricating oils, as core binders
for foundry- work. The partly hydrog-
enated crude oil has been found use-
ful as a stabilizer for shortening com-
pounds.
ficient in this respect.
Soy bean oil contains lecithin, a For human use, the beans provide
phosphorised fat, and is displacing many forms of foodstuffs. The green
egg yolk to some extent as a source beans may be served as a vegetable
of this material used in medicine. or in salads. Flour made from pro -
Of interest too, along medical lines, ceased beans, high in fat content, is
is the disappearanre of food allergies, now found in the products of many
particularly those caused by protein, bakeries. Since starch is absent, soy
following theingestion of specially beanflour is marketed in diabetic
foods.
The dried beans have been used as
a coffee substitute, in soups, as a
source of casein, as a milk substitute
sheep, beef and dairy cattle and brood and cheese.
sows. It should, however be used with As the composition of both the fat
caution in the rations of market hogs, and the proteins of soy beans more
since it produces soft pork. nearly approach the composition of
As a protein supplement, the oil these constituents found in animals,
meal is of value in the rations of beef soy beans could be used to replace
cattle, dairy cows, sheep and poultx-y. meat in the diet.
A simple mineral mixture is advent- The uses of this interesting plant
are finding inereasMg application.
uable legume is probably in excess of
7 million: tons annually. Manchuria
the largest producer, is followed by
Japan and the United States. Stat-
istics relative to the Russian crop are
not available.
Canadian production is, as yet, too
small to exert much influence on the
world market, but there is an increas-
ing interest in the soy bean crop.
Varieties suitable for domestic pro-
duction are gradually replacing the
imported beans.
Chemical analysis have been cone
ducted for some years by the Division
of Chemistry, Central Experimental
Farm. The protein content, it has
been found, fops from approximat-
ely 31 per cent to 39 per cent, while
the oil constitutes fygm 14 per cent
to 18.5 per cent of the beam Of two
varieties, having charaeterietice spit,
able for Canadian cultivation, the un-
saturated acids in the oil range from
82,2 per cent to 84.3 per cent. The
iodine numbers show a variation from
125.0 to 134.2. These data indicate
the value of the oil for industrial ap- refined oil. •
plications where readily oxidisable oils The beans furnish a homegrown
are demanded. The inorganic salts, nitrogenous concentrate for animal
containing valuable mineral matter, feeding, being a source of protein for
approximate 5 per cent of the weight
of the bean.
The uses of soy beans are many
and varied. Considerable amounts of
the oil are used in paint mixture in
conjunction with linseed and tune oils.
A prominent automobile manufactur-
er, who maintains a staff of chemists
now finishes his product by utilizing ageously added, since the meal is,de-
mended by the manufacturer, in the
spring or early summer will help con-
siderably in this regard. Generally
it is not necessary to water a lawn
every night, and in most cases one
ada, should not be cut shorter than
one inch, but on the other hand should
not be allowed over two and a half
Notes for the Apiarist•theb •
very ,young ees, brood in all!.
• '• stages 4ncl young qneens still hi 1".eir
Primary Mut Secondary Swarms'
, • Gene. .Aliout eight days after , the,
Swarming is the bees method of PrimerY strarmleaves the hive, the
first of :the young queens will hava
emerged feorn her cell and,, 'provide
the weather is 'euitable, is 'ready to:
lead out a secondary swarm: ,
A colony, may send out several of
these swarms at intervals of two days,.
until' finally it is either too weak to,
swarm or 'is queenless. If the weath-
er is unsuitable for, swarming at the.
time the first 'young queen emerges,
from her cell, she will immediately •
destroy the other cells or fight to,
death any virgin that may have em-
erged. When a swarm emerges it
usually clusters on some nearby ob-
ject, such as a tree. or shrub from,
which it may be easily taken and re --
Mg. At first eggs are laid in worker hived.
cells only, and these in due course
produce worker bees. As the spring
advances and new. nectar and pollen
are being gathered from the early
flowers, a greater number of eggs are
laid daily. Consequently. as new bees
emerge, the colony becomes stronger
and stronger. As it increases in vation and reforestation committees:
strength, drones or male bees are pro- that sanction from some authority
duced. Finally the brood nest•becomes be obtained before immature , wood
congested with bees, brood and stores, growth could be cut, brings up the,.
their new queen cells are started in question .of property rights, personal
which the queen will ultimately de- freedom rights, personal freedom and
the principles of democracy. These
are grand old British traditions, but
what are we going to do about
drought, floods, soil erosion and a.
shortage of water for domestic use,
if we go on heedlessly draining the •
swamps and denuding the country-
side. There must be some way of -
preserving democracy and at the.
same time guarding the welfare of
the rural population.
The thought back of the recom-
mendation to prohibit the cutting of
immature wood growth is to conserve
our forest and woodlots and not allow
thenr to be slaughtered by timber
hunters, too many of whom think only
of immediate gain. There are now
men living out of buying standing
timber who are ready to endorse the
recommendation because merchant-
able timber is becoming so scarce that
their livelihood is threatened.
Certainly the proppsed legislation
would not go so far as to prohibit
the property owner, taking out needed
timber or trees for wood and repairs.
The legislation ought even to permit
a land owner to convert a bush into
a cultivable field if under that treat-
ment it would be more profitable to
him. What it should prevent is thous-
ands of acres of cut -over land, ravish-
ed and useless.
In the opinion of the Farmer's Ad-
vocate the reeve or the clerk of the
township should be one to decide
when immature wood growth should
or should not be cut.
propogating the race, and at one time
the greater the number of swarms
that issued from an apiary the more
successful was the owner considered
as a beekeeper. Natural swarining
and honey production, however, are
not compatible, therefore, the modern
beekeeper seeks to suppress the form-
er, and thus increase the latter. In
spite of the suppression, however,
natural swarming, occurs far too fre-
quently, especially in poorly kept
apiaries.
The events leading up to swarm-
ing are briefly as follows:- Upon the
approach of spring the queen of the
colony resumes her work of egg lay -
Folly Of Cutting Immature
Wood
(From the Farmer's Advocate)
The suggestion made by the censer.,
posit eggs. The eggs hatch in three
days and the young larvae emerging
from them are fed a special food for
aproximately five and a half days.
On the sixth day, from the hatch-
ing of the egg, the larvae are full
grown and the cells containing them
are then sealed over, this is the time
usually chosen by the bees to swarm.
This swarm will consist of the old
queen and a large percentage of the
field bees of the colony, and because
of this, is usually called the Primary
Swarm. Left in the parent hive are
and should only be used as top -dres-
sing on a lewn when it is known to
have come from an area which is rel -
be applied to turf if it has been well
rotted in such a manner that all weed
seeds have been killed. If weeds in
close proximity to the lawn are er-
adicated, or at least kept from seed-
ing another source of infestation will
have been removed.
One of the most common methods of
introducing weeds to a lawn is to
actually sow them along with grass
seed. The Department af Agriculture
officially' grades all lawn grass seed
sold in, Canada, and if only Grade No.
1 seed is puchased the buyer may feel
assured that this is clean and thus by
belled "gasolene".
Chimneys are one of the most com-
mon causes of farm house fires, so
that periodiadly the chimneys should
be examined, tested for cracks, and
cleaned regularly. A good chemical
fire extinguisher, or a pail kept in
readiness for the purpose where the
PICOBAC
--- PIPE --
TOBACCO
FOR.A MILE), COOL SMOKE
Jonee was sitting with his wife be-
hind a palm on a veranda late one
night when a young man and a girl
came and sat down on a bench near
them. The yonng man beg -an to tell
the girl how pretty and lovable he
thought she was.
Hidden behind the palm, lVfrs. Jones
whispered to her husband.
"Oh, John he doesn't know we're
here, and he's going to propose.
Whistle to warn him."
"What for?" said Jones. "Nobody
whistled to warn me."
Plant A Tree This Tear
Throughout the province, trees are
being planted by the thousands this
year, and the undertaking- is one that
deserves the support of every resid-
ent, for almost too late, we have be-
gun to realize that too many trees
were removed—without another being
planted in its place.
The education of planting trees
should begin in our schools, for in the
school can really be taught the true
value of a tree. The children of the
present generation will never see the
forests as did their grand parents, but
nevertheless in years to come the chil-
dren of today- will be able to point
with pride and remark "I planted that
tree in 1938.' If the young folks are
trained to see the necessity of pre-
serving our forest wealth, when they
reach maturity, they will be all the
better prepared' to co-operate in every
project to restore the forest assets
of the rite:mince.
Lately' a free has come to be recog-
nized as a valuable asset, not as seine -
thing to be wilfully and carelessly de-
stroyed: Plan to plant a tree this year.
•
The Open Road
SUPPOSE you came suddenly upon two roads. One straight, well -
trodden . . . the other thin and twisting off into undergrowth. If
you didn't want to arrive at any place in particular, you might
choose the latter. But not otherwise.
Before you, as buyer, run two roads. One is the road of know-
ledge, of an advertised product. Thousands use it. There's no
mystery about it, no doubting, nothing hidden. It leads the way
definitely to a fountain pen, a floor wax, a tooth -paste that will
give you satisfaction. When you use an advertisement, you use
an open road.
When you don't use advertisements, you go the doubtful road.
You have only hazy knowledge of the product ahead. No trade-
mark or name to depend upon guides you. The result may or may
not be worth the effort. You don't know.
Read the advertisements.' Anything widely advertised—break-
fast food, hammer, hair tonic—has proved itself good by advertising.
Advertisements put you on the
open road to satisfaction
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