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The Clinton News Record, 1938-04-21, Page 6PAGE 6 THE CLINTON NEWS -RECORD THURS., A'PRIL``21, 1938.— TieIg Informatioin for the Busy Farmer ;(Furnishedby the Department of Agriculture) Animal Nutrition Hon, P, M. Dewan, Ontario Minis- ter of Agriculture, concerned and alarmed over mineral deficiencies as hown in livestock in many of the ' older counties in Ontario, deems the matter so important that a new' de- partment of anima nutrition is be- ing opened' in the near future at the Ontario 'Agriculto a1 College, Guelph, under the personal direction and sup- ervision of Dr. H. D. `Brannion-a nu- trition ,expert at present attached to the 4.A.C. Poultry Department.. Wrong Fertilizers The 1938 recommendations of the Advisory Board for Ontario are avail- able iii pamphlet form to any farther who applies for his copy to the On- tario Department of Agriculture; To- ronto. Those who follow these re- commendations will be spending their money for fertilizers to good advan- tage. Modern knowledge of fertiliz- ers and their uses proves which to use: and how they should be applied for best results and at lowest east. There are many kinds and analysis of fertilizers in the market and their unwise selection loss and disappoint- ment. Fertilizers for each class ofcrop are specified in the recommendations. Most garden crops for example re- quire fertilizer of different analysis than for most farm crops. Likewise fertilizers for orchards are different than for any other crops, Then too; materials such as superphosphate, ni- trate itrate of soda, etc., have special and limited uses. These and many other points regarding suitable fertilizers for different crops and soils are ex- plained in the recommendations. Far- mers should be cautious of buying fer- tilizer other than recommended by the Board. Clever advertising and entic- ing claims have brought foss to many a buyer. This should be prevented by following the recommendations of the Ontario Fertilizer Board. T.B. Testing of Cattle "The success or failure of our cat- tle business will be directly propor-i 'Lionel to our ability to maintain and develop our present export market— Great Britain and the United States", declared L. E. O'Neill, director of the Live Stock Branch, Ontario Depart- ment of Agriculture, in discussing the cattle situation in Ontario. "With the efforts we are making to improve the health status of On- tario cattle and eradicate bovine tub- erculosis, it is evident that within a short period of time, the whole Pro- vince of Ontario will be •a restricted area", continued Mr, O'Neill. "Would it not be good business for Western owner cattle to put their cattle on. a status so that they can freely supply without hindrance the feeder market in Ontario and the feeder market in United States where the cattle are all tested?" Mr. O'Neill pointed out that Great Britain was fully conscious of the terrific toll T. Bi was taking of Bri tish cattle. The British government was spending the tremendous sum of. three million dollars a year to stamp out bovine tuberculosis t in Old 06un- try cattle. It was expected 40 per cent.' would react to the. test. "Therefore is it not reasonable to suppose that in this cleanup there will be an enlarged market for Canadian dairy cows", eked. Mr. O'Neill. "And we should be in a position to supply this market when it develops. This means that we will have to clean house ourselves." "Our other big market is United States. With practically all the States already tested for T.B., and with the state and federal regulations becom- ing more stringent, we must keep pace with the country that takes our greatest surplus of cattle." Discussing the progress of T. B. testing in Ontario, Mr. O'Neill stated. the following 15 counties and four dis- tricts had been tested and were now T. B. free areas: Carleton, Prescott, Russell, Glengarry, Stormont, Duna das, Grenville, Leeds, Prince Edward,, Durham, Northumberland, Ontario, York, Peel, Halton, Manitoulin Island, Kenora, Thunder Bay and Timiskam- ing. Counties where farmers have sign- ed up for cattle tests and are now a- waiting action by Federal government veterinarians, are Lanark, Peterbor- ough, Victoria, Simcoe, Grey, Lincoln, and Rainy River. Lennox and Ad- dington have filed a petition for all territory* south of Highway No. 7, )which takes in most of the cattle dis- trict. In addition ,the townships of Mara and Rama in Ontario county, which were not tested when the balance of that county was gazetted, have now filed a petition asking their cattle tested when work is being done in Victoria county. Counties where work is actively progressing and where the value of T, B. testing for the entire area is be- ing explained to all the farmers, in- clude, Oxford, Hastings, Wentworth, Weiland,. Haldimand, Norfolk, Elgin, Middlesex, Brant, Waterloo, Dufferin, Bruce and Esesx. Two counties where work will be started in the near future are Free tense and Perth, There has been no activity as yet outside a few educa- tional meetings in the counties of Wellington, Huron, Lambton, Kent and Renfrew, I ,�I - i l�r ..SNP A S TCU� iL PICTURES WITH WEAK LIGHT Hard to take? No! A box camera gets 1t with a 4 -second exposure. Other cameras, 1 second at Y.6.3. Exposure is short because the tight is near her face. TT IS surprising how little light' is a needed to make a picture if the light is placed close to the subject. For instance, look at the, snapshot shove. The only light is the weak little electric candle lamp, held about a foot from the child's face. With the lamp at that distance, a box camera loaded with supersensi- tive film can get the picture with a four -second time exposure. Lamp two feet from her, exposure would be sixteen seconds—four times as long. Lamp three feet away, expo- sure is. thirty -rix seconds -- nine Ones as long. Reason: When light is close up, it Is concentrated on a small area. Far- ther away, the same amount of light spreads over a much larger area, and your subject gets very little of it. The distance between the light and the camera doesn't matter. It's the distance from light to subject that counts. To take a picture like the a one above, use a frosted white bulb, and have it as near the center of the picture as possible. Seen pictures are worth trying, Sometimes you miss—but the good ones you get are so unusual that they justify your ex- periments. 183 John van Guilder g this acs This will take And this will take 36 seconds Itemise (� 4 seconds... ��.5-�� - /� tis seconds.,. /light scatters 9 times as much. Set below. ^ 1i4#L/ ?"f 2i,. ' 'L:J tS 311 sO At 1 toot disance, light is concentrated on small area - r At 2 feet, same light scatters 2,2 times, exposure is 4 times as long'—.--......–,....–gss At 3 loci, light semen 3 st3 times, aepoiuso io 9 times a, long, and sa en ".4 NEIN MINIM The nearer the light to subject, the Tess exposure required. ('Die ance from , camera .:to.subject doesn't matter.) If your indoor pictures are comingout: too dark, try usingmore light, have bulbs closer to subject, or give nger exposures., HOW TO MINIMIZE .FIRES ON THE FARM There is often a particularly, paths tic feature associated with a farm fire. The isolation clue'. to the fact thait the farm, is frequently distant from a fire fighting serviceandcon sequently in many casesthe helpless nese to prevent the destruction: of the home adds pathos to the disaster. Her oic work and'gallantry,in the absence of organization, may be of no avail It is well known that in Canada ev- ery year losses due to farm fires a- mount to an enormous sum, yet in many' cases the damage to a certain extent might have been minimized or prevented by 'simple precautionary measures. One precaution is not to put wet or uncured. hay in beams, nor to put dry hay in barns that have leaky roofs. It is also risky to smoke in or around these buildings. With regard to elec- tric equipment, it is dangerous to use fuses of too great amperage, and no article should be used in place of a fuse. Care should' be taken to see that lightning rods remainproperly grounded, and defective electrical wir- sing should be repaired promptly. The'uee of kerosene or gasolene to kindle fires or quicken a slaw fire has been. responsible not only for tnany fires but also for many deaths on farms and just because there has never been a. fire on the farm, it is dangerous to neglect precautions un- der the belief that the buildings will never take fire. Insurance gives an unwarranted sense of security, but in- surance cannot give compensation for all the ,financial losses and it cannot replace loss of life. Extreme care should always a • be taken in handling g and using gasolene. The gasolene containers should be tightly closed, painted a bright red, and labelled "gasolene." Chimneys are one of the most com- mon cause of farm house tires, so that periodically' the chimneys should be examined, tested for cracks, and cleaned regularly. A good chemical fire extinguisher or a pail, kept in readiness for the purpose where the water supply is handy, is a ready pre- caution to nut out small fires before they get beyond control. Where it is possible, however small the commun- ity, a fire department should be or- ganized and the work not -left unor- ganized to the ever -willing efforts of neighbours.. Factors to be Considered In Raising Veal Calves (Experimental Farms Note) Veal production during the past few years has offered very fair re- turns in comparisonwith the price of butter fat. This year, there has been a marked advance in butter pri- ces, while the beef market has re- mained dull. It is therefore, only nat- ural to expect that during this spring season, when calves are plentiful, the return on veal will not be as attrac- tive as it was in the past. The production of veal, however, still remains profitable during many months of the year. It provides an outlet for surplus dairy and beef` cal- ves that are vigorous and show tigns of being good feeders. The market demands a calf weighing from 150- 180 pounds.' It requires in the neigh- bourhood of 650 pounds of milk to raise a calf to this stage. It can be roughly estimated, according to the present price of butter, that veal at six cents per pound would return to the farrier about the same price fox the milk consumed, as if he had mar- keted his cream for the'enannfacture of butter. With veal at ten cents, per pound, as was the ease during the winter of 1938, it can readily be seen that veal offers very attraetive re- turns at certain seasons of the year. The condition in many sections of Quebec is that many spring calves are not marketed as veal, but are kept throughout the summer and sold in the fall as grassers. This type of stock is not wanted on the markets, and, as a result, is decidedly unprofit able to the farmers. The practice is an unfortunate one, for if these cal- ves were turned into veal at five to seven weeks of age, the returns would be materially higher than for the same calves six months older as grassers. From a market standpoint, there is probably no single factor that has more of a depressing effect than the marketing of poor quality veal. Young unfinished calves and calves that'heve been brought along slowly by being fed' frons pails and allowed to eat hay or grass produce a very inferior veal. carcass that tends to spoil the market for good veal. In raising calves for veal, it must always be remembered that they must be handled in such a way as to pro- duce the maximum amount of flesh in the shortest possible time. To do this the calf should always, ire allowed to nurse the cow. The amount of exer- cise should be controlled so that the energy that should be used for flesh- ing will not be wasted, In order" to do this, the .calf should be confined to a small, clean peas that, particularly in warm weather, can be kept fairly dark. i o lo• he Some farmers f l w t practice of letting the cal£ stay with the cow in a box stall. This saves labour and has the advantage of allowing the calf to nurse more often. Tt is pre- ferable, under these conditions, to keep the stall" reasonably dark so that fIVE-YER9 FORESIRY PLAN. LAUNCHEO BY 40 COUNTIES Would Plant, Swamp and Poor Farm Land With Trees. Representatives o f reforestation committees in forty counties of the province met recently in York Coun- ty Council chambers and farrnulated an•Ontario Reforestation and Conser- vation. Association whose ultimate aim will be the converting of hun- dreds of thousands of acres of swamp andpoor agricultural land into for- ests. The slogan, of the -new, association will be trees instead of swamps and the conservation of poor farm Iand by forestry instead of agriculture. Its newly elected officers are Reeve James Rennie of Markham Township, president; Reeve W. H. C'asselman, Chesterville, vice-president; W. / A• Porter, Landon, secretary; W. W. Gardhouse, York County, treasurer. Determined to have its widespread program of reforestation started as soon as possible, the association un- animously adopted a resolution erg - ing the Provincial Department of Re- forestation started as soon as possible, the association unanimously adopted a resolution urging the Provincial De- partment of Reforestation to conduct a detailed survey of the five refores- tation zones in the province of which the forty counties are a part. ON FIVE-YEAR PLAN FI L AN The survey, asproposed by the as- sociation, would include the condition of all water heads, the percentage of municipality owned lands andthe a- mount of swamp and waste land suit -i abler for tree planting. It was con. tended that at least one zone could be thoroughly covered this year and the other four in the following years, making the enterprise somewhat of a five-year plan. The Provincial Government was al- so asked by the' association, in a re- solution, to enact immediate legislaa tion to prevent the destruction of small trees, it being pointed out that hundreds of people invade the for- ests around Christmas time and cut down thousands of young pine trees as well as destroying many more. It was this ruthless ddstruction that was annoying to the association. Support was also given to a resolu- tion sponsored by Reeve James Ren- nie opposing any proposed - abolition ,1 CHICK MASH For Baby Chicks In the feeding of baby chicks, most of the commercial chick starters are satisfactory but care should be taken to see that they do not contain too high a percentage of fibre. The fel- (owing is a starter which can be re- commended as it has been used at the r,entral Experimental Farm in corn- parison with many of the much high- er priced feeds and has invariably given good results: -- One part shorts, one part mid- dlings, one part ground yellow corn, one part ground groats, one-half part animal feed mixture. To this add 5 per cent of salt. The animal feed mixture used is made up of equal parts ground beef scrap, fish meal, and milk powder. Where liquid milk can be had the milk powder is omit- ted and where fish meal is not read- ily available its replacement by eith- er of the other ingredients will not greatly interfere with the results. If changing the ration materially at any time it should be done gradu- ally, feeding the new' ration in eon- junction with the one the birds have been used to rather than switching abruptly from one to the other. Sim- ilarly when; adding scratchgrain to the ration a small quantity should be fed when the chicks area couple of weeks of age and this gradually in- creased until the time the chicks are on range at about twelve to fourteen weeks of age it may be fed with mash ad libitum. The growing mash is identical with the chick mash except that when the chicks get on to good range the cod liver oil and alfalfa may be omitted and bran may be 'substituted for the shorts. If home-grown grains are available they may be -ground and used to ad- vantage at this time. . The . rate of sexual development is largely depen- dent on the amount of animal feed supplied. Where mullets are develop ing too rapidly, increase the percen- tage of whole' grain feed and the ten- dency will be to grow frame rather than hasten sexual maturity. An ideal range for chicks is a clov- er field beside a eorn field, or an or- chard, where they can get all the sue- culent green feed they can eat and still • have shade as required. Given these conditions, once the chicks go. upon range they can be reared with very little labour, dependence lining placed largely on hopper -feeding. the calf will not waste to much ener- gy in exercise. In, cases where the stall is large, it may be advisable to tie the calf and allow it to nurse only at regular intervals. of county councils on, the ground that such councils were essential for the economical administration of pooled services of the ,various' townships, towns and villages. The mass conference of representa- tives from, all counties was arranged by W. H. Porter, of the Farmer's Ad- vocate, w'ho was responsible for hav- ing the province divided several years ago into five reforestation zones, Marshall Rathwell, representing the Eastern Ontario Counties. of Ren- frew, Lanark, Careltpn, Grenville, Prescott, Russell, Dundas and West Stormont, Glengarry, East Stormont, Leeds and Frontenac, declared that if democracy is to be maintained in Can- adaits rural areas must be conserved for they are the backbone of the na- tion. "We are faced with a serious prob- lem down east," stated Mr. Rathwell. "Fifteen per cent. of all our land is light, sandy soil, unsuitable for agri- cultural purposes and temporarily valueless to the fainter. There are 760,000 acres in all, of which 35,000 are owned by municipalities. It is ideal planting ground for light soft- wood trees and pines. It's an ideal site for a gigantic reforestation pro- ject." ro- ject" While the majority of the eastern counties have realized the impor- tance of reforestation and have start- ed their own programs, some have encountered great difficulties, accord- ing to Mr. Rathwell, The successful counties have between 1,000 and 3.000 acres of land under reforestation, he said. URGR NERD IN -EAST The all-time record rise of the Na- tion River through the counties of Dundas, Prescott and Glengarry caus- ed tremendous havoc this year, and in the opinion of Mr. Rathwell revealed the immediate need for a government reforestation centre in those terri- tories. W. A. Anderson, Peterborough, re- porting for Zone 4, which takes in all the counties between Kingston and Toronto, with the exception of York; declared that of the 5,000,000 acres of land in those territories, -1,300,000 were only suitable for woodlands •and forests. He said there were thous- ands of acres adjacent to the roads of the various municipalities that were suitable for tree planting. "What a wonderful scope for re- forestation," he said. "Instead of having our highways a n d county roads cluttered up with snow fences we could have them protected by a belt of trees. Not only would it be picturesque but most practical. It would also be cheaper to the farmer and profitable to the municipality in the long run." COUNTIES NOW AT WORK Reeve A. E. James of Uxbridge re- ported that his area has a reforesta- tion tract of 1,500 acres and 1,500,000 trees. es. Other counties experimenting along that line are Durham with 1,000 acres, Northumberland with 1,200 and Victoria with 2,000 Hast- ings has several thousand privately owned acres under growth. The western zones, 'pioneers in re- forestation programs, are somewhat ahead of the others in progress, with Simcoe leading the way with 4,000 acres under cultivation, Bruce with 1,600 and Norfolk with 1,200. Monroe London, of Simcoe, declar- ed the western zones were making school children conscious of refores- tation values. Each school has a see- tion eation of land set aside for tree plant- ing and a variety of species are grown. The conservation and refor- estation is being included as part of the school ,curriculum. MUST LABEL FERTILIZERS Every mixed fertilizer on sale in Canada must contain at least 14 per cent nitrogen, phosphoric acid, and potash, singly or combined. Minimum quantities for each are established. Fertilizer constituent materials are standardized and subject to minimum percentages of plant food substances. Every fertilizer must be labelled to show the brand names and guaranteed analysis. Canada imports palm oil, principal- ly for soap making, the provisional estimate for 1936 being fixed at. 22,- 000 tans, of which some palm kernel oil was included. Two kinds of oil are produced from the fruit of the oil palm—palm oil which is extracted ie the countries of production from the fleshy, pericarp, and palm kernel. oil which as a rule isextracted from the palm kernels in the importing coun- tries. Palm is used mainly in the manufacture of soap and candles, as a flux for tin-plating, and to a Lesser extent for margarine. Palm kernel oil which is similar to cocoanut oil, is extensively used in soapruaking,,and also for margarine, The manufac- ture of margarine, a substitute for butter, is illegal ie. Canada. Oanadian merchandise imported in- to Northern Rhodesia in 1036 to the value of over $300,000 included among other items condensed milk, agricult- ural machinery, and preserved veget- ables. T17LEPllO'NV TALKS 170 THE JACK ROBERTS and Sally have been.' "friends" for some time. But Jack took Sally by surprise (she really hadn't expected'. a ring this spring) and in this case one ring naturally led to another. Sally just has to call :• Mother who is visiting out-of-town. "We're :: to be married right away," she says happily. And Sally will call some of her out-of-town i.. friends as well, who will appreciate having;;, the news "first".. Wouldn't you? Reductions in telephone rates—local and long distance—in 1935, '36 and '37 have effected savings to telephone users in Ontario and. Quebec of nearly one million dollars yearly. •� DOINGS IN THE SCOUT WORLD • A snowshoe hike to the top of Mount Orford, 2,800 feet, was a March feat' of the .lst Magog, Que., Troop. Montreal's Mayor On Scouting "The Boy Scout movement brings home to the youth of the land the principle that they must learn. to obey before learning to command." -Mayor Adhemar Raynault of Mon- treal. Headmaster of Lower Canada College On Scouting "Personally, I know of no other or- ganization or movement that is doing such a splendid Werk in training young men to be good citizens." — V. C. Wansbrough, headmaster Low- er Canada College. Austrian Scouts Face Disbandment. Compulsory disbandment, as in the ease of the Boy Scouts of Germany, Italy and Russia, is now faced by the Boy Scouts of Austria, as a result of the absorption of that at country by Hit- ler. Dictators have no use for youth organizations whose principles in- clude international friendship. The world Scout census of 1937 gave Aus- tria 10.466 Scouts and leaders. Punjab Scouts Teach Camel 'Drivers Traffic Rules India's first big Safety First Week was. recently organized and carried out by the 60,000 Boy Scouts of the Punjab. The programme included the carrying of banners and slogans, and singing to attract crowds, to whom the necessity of simple traffic rules was explained. Groups of Scouts taught hand signals to drivers of carts, while others in the country walked alongside camel and mule dri- vers on their way to the cities, ex- plaining and arguing the importance of traffic regulations. A difficult Problem for :many young Scouts was the task of persuading their Milne - diets elders of the necessity of road laws. In some towns and villages the campaign was taken in good spi- rit, in others the• Scouts at first were laughed at, and lorry and tonga dri vers.gave the boys abuse. Unexpect- ed help was given. by gangs of small children., who went about chanting the scout traffic songs and'. slogans, as a species of new game. Other Indian states. are considering following the example of the Punjab Scouts and organizing like Safety :Weeks. AccidenI and .1 Compensation During the month of March there was 5,075 accidents reported to The Workmen's Compensation Board, as compared with 4,937 during February and 5,369 during March a year ago. The benefits awarded amounted to $627,469.81, $507,132,24 of which was for compensation and $120,337.57 for medical aid . ' This brings the number of accidents. reported during the first quarter of 1938 ttr 15,408, being 408 more than the number for the sante period of 1937, and the benefits awarded' during the first three months this year ant- minted to $1,622,720,11, as compared with $1,568,796.87 during the eorres- ponding•period of 1987. Weed Control, and Cultiva- • tion of Vegetables ,(Experimental Farms Note) With proper cultivation throughout-. the season there should be little or no, trouble in controlling weeds in the vegetable garden, It is said that one year's seeding means seven years' weeding, but observation indicates that it sometimes means considerably more than seven years' weeding. The first cultivation should be given just when the seeds are breaking through the soil. A fine, bright, sunny day when the sail is not too wet should be chosen and the row should be gone over with an iron rake, drawing the rake parallel with the row. This will disturb the weed seeds that are ger- minating, and also loosen the soil a- round the young vegetable plants, About ten days later, when the plants show up well in the row, the Dutch hoe should be used, pushing it ahead close to the row, just skimming the plants. This should be repeated every ten days, or oftener when the weather is suitable. The Dutch hoe is the most valuable tool that any gardener can have; no gardener should be without one. It does much better work than the draw hoe gen- erally used, is easier to handle and dons not disturb the roots as does the ordinarya draw hoe hoe. Th is use- ful for what its name implies, to draw soil towards the plants if they should require this. It is not as effective to kill weeds, and if deep hoeing is prac- tised, may cut off many of the feed- ing roots of the plants. The Dutelr hoe, on the other hand, exposes the weeds to the sun, where they wither up in a few hours; it gives shallow cultivation and leaves the surface loose. The horse cultivator should be used between the rows as soon as 'the weeds are showing. Fairly deep cul- tivation at this time may be done but later all cultivation must be shallow so that the roots of the plants will not be disturbed. Cultivating should on no account iss clone when the land is too wet; it is better to wait for a . clear sunny day. The spike -tooth har- row is best for the later cultivation. Hand weeding will be necessary for some kinds of vegetables, This should be done early before the weeds become well established. Weeds in seed should be pulled out roots and all and ta- ken off the land, where they nay be piled to rot for Compost, to kill all the seed. Where couch grass is troubesome • in a garden it can be got rid of by "keeping it on the move," not allow- ing any green grass to appear. Purslane should be kept from seed- ing by hoeing regularly and often, be- fore the seed pods have formed enough to ripen after the punts have been pulled out. A few old plants left to'seed cause the greatest spread of this weed. If seeding is not al- lowed to take place, this weed can goon be eliminated. The plant seeds • very young and its destruction when young is very important. Old plants withseed formed: should be removed from the area entirely' and placed where they will not grow, or buried six inches below the surface, The plant is very succulent and an old cut-off plant will ripen seed even if exposed to a: bright sun, Frequent hoeing to hill Usa plants when young is very important. A11 weeds are easily controlled when: they, are young.. With proper toalS, and advantage taken of 'good weather for cultivating there should be pie excuse for weeds' seeding in any vegetable garden. The Irisltrnan's slo- gan, "Kill the weeds before you see them", might well be adopted by alt who till the soil.