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The Clinton News Record, 1938-04-14, Page 6PAGE 6 THE CLINTON NEWS -RECORD THURS., APRIL 14, 1938 Timely Information for the Busg Farmer (Furnished by the Department of Agriculture) Cheek' Farm Machinery Farm machinery is a big stent in the matter of farm capital and so de- serves more consideration than is usually given to it. On the average farmthis item will amount to about $1,500. Depreciation is one of the greatest factors the farmer has t contend with in this connection, an is usually figured at about ten pe cent.. In many cases, however, this figure will be nearly doubled, but with 'proper housing facilities or pro- per handling, it,can be reduped con- siderably, With another seasonof work not fa • away, now isthe opportune time ] w Y, PP ] to get drills, disk harrows, cultivat- ors and other machinery checked ov- er. A few hours'work tightening loose bolts and bearings, replacing g, p g worn or missing parts, will likely Preparing for Hatching Season Repeated experirnente have ,shows] that for egg production, pullets are superior to older birds. The heuba ,tion, hatching and rearing of a great many chicks is therefore a yearly ne- cessity. The tendency is towards large o hatcheries, supplying the smaller poul- tryman d and farmer.:,and the.sale of r day-old chicks,, sexed ,chicks and cross -bred chicks has increased hap- idly. The individual can: new purchase chicks from recognized agencies with assurance. The Department of .Agri- culture is nowg actin ehieks'as fol- lows: Purple label, R. 0. P. chicks from blood tested and Government recorded flocks; Red label, R.O.P. Sir- ed Chicks, from blood tested andGov- ernment G - v ernment a . rove rp d flocks; Blue label, Approved chicks, from. approved cock- erels, and approvedbanded and blood tested flocks. For those who wish to incubate their own eggs, the use of R.O.P., or approved malesis recommended, and it is advisable to secure males early hr order to get a good selection and to acclimatize them to local condi- tions. Incubators should be looked over and put in first class shape. They should be scrubbed and disinfected prior to incubation and also between hatches. It is always goodpolicy to have spare incubator supplies on hand, as many a hatch has been ruin- ed by something going wrong utter incubation has commenced and ne. spare parts on hand. Thermometers should be tested andplaced at pro- per levels as a. degree or an out may make considerable difference in size. and strength of the hatch. Sian'e phpuld be exercised in select- ing normal eggs of good shell texture and colour, Breeding pane of the best hens nutted to give.malas ahnutt receive the right feed and attention in order to obtain eggs that\will pro. duce strong chicks. Follow the di- rections supplied by the manufactur- er for operation of the incubator as the directions have been compiled af- ter considerable experimentation. save valuable time during the busy season. It is a paying proposition for the farmer an be able to take his ma- chinery, into. a-chinery,into. the field at the start of, the ,season in first class condition. Much of this work can be done now, such as sharpening disks, harrow teeth, cultivator shovels, etc., clean- ing and adjusting the disks and scrap- ers on the grain drill, seeing that oil- ing system are clean and in working order so that all ;farts of the ma- chine are properly lubricated, and so on. It is advisable to wash out the disks of the drill with kerosene and to make certain that these parts. are getting oil or grease to them and, that the disks are properly adjusted: Liberal use of oil or grease on ma- chinery is not a waste but rather a geed investlflene. Some parts will require mere oiling then others, but generally speaking, for the everege tillage machinery, proper oiling or greasing of all parts twice a day ie sufficient. Choosing a geed grade of 'lubricant is good eaonomy in the Iong run. Soya Bean Products Soya beans yield an oil which is Used in the manufacture of soap, Margarine and lard substitutes, and, owing to its semi -drying properties, may also be used as a substitute for linseed oil. The flour derived from the bean is used as a foodstuff and the oilcake as animal feed and fer- tilizer. In several countries, the soya bean is the principal forage crop, and in Canada it is giving every indica- tion of becoming a valuable addition to the field crops of Canada. Need Hogs of Right Weight Export of surplus Canadian perk products ensures a strong hog mar- ket, but the production of sufficient hogs suitable for export is a serious eroblem, particularly hogs of the de- sired weight (190 to 200 Ib.). For 1937 it is estimated that Canada's bacon exports will be approximately 190,000,000 ib., equivalent to 1,583,- 000 live hogs. In 1932 the exports of bacon, hams, and perk cuts to the United Kingdom totalled 35,820,000 lb.; in 1934, 129,410,200 lb., and in 1936, 158,049,600 Ib, Teacher: "What is the half of eight?" Tommy: "Which way?" Teacher: "Whatever do you mean?" Tommy: "Well, across it makes 0, and down it makes 8." Preparing Land For Vegetables Now is the time to get ready for the planting of vegetables, Sandy soils are not difficult to work up, and even if 'rather damp can be ploughed and worked without form- ing lumps. Clay soils, on the other: hand, are difficult to prepare unless the soil to the depth of the 'furrow has an even moisture content. It is better to surface -work soils likely to be lumpy, by harrowing the surface a few days before ploughing. This prevents baking of the surface soil during the period necessary for dry- ing out to the full depth Id the fur- row. The land after ploughing should be worked down as soon as it is dry enough to crumble from the action. of IIIECENTLY one of our cus- , tourers asked us why we were putting in new wires to his telephone. He said his ser- vice was all right and he did not know why the wises should be replaced. The facts were that a telephone employee, when making a regular snspec tion, found the insulation on the wires worn. Te is part of our everyday job to search forthings that might inter- rupt telephone service and to make repairs' to prevent future trouble . in accordance with our policy of providing the best possible ser- vice twills least cost to the public consistent with fair treatment of employees and financial safety. The Farmer As A Judge Of Dairy Cattle Nearly all fanners have some in- terest in live stock, and the man Who is desirous of maintaining uniformity in his herd should have a practical knowledge of live stock judging and breed type. It is often true that a good producing cow may not be very pleasing from a type standpoint, yet it is also a fact that production and true dairy type are a combination that should be sought' alter and Main- tained in farm herds. This will not only increase the owner's interest in the herd, but will be a distinct advan- tage when individuals are offered for sale. , Being able to select ani- mals that will be economical produe= ers and also conform to the desired breed type will be a decided asset to the stock farmer.. Four major points should be kept in mind in judging dairy cattle, First, the mammary system, which isthe udder, the milk, veins and the milk wells; these together; rate from 30 to 35 points out of a total of 100 When in full milk a good udder will be large, extending well forward and far up behind and firmly attached to the body. Its quarters should be eve n with very little separation between them, and the bottom nearly level. When milked out the udder should be much reduced hi size, pliable, and the skin -loose and soft. Always look out for defects, .such as lumps in the ud- der,'whch are an indication of mas- titis. The size and shape of the teats is very important from the standpoint of disease and of convenience in milk- ing. Mammary veins and milk wells should be well distributed and pro- nounced in the mature cow. The second point is dairy tempera- ment. This is a quality that indicates ability to convert food into milk. Cows of the dairy breeds should lack a beefy appearance, the bones being fairly prominent and not heavily fleshed. Size of udder is also consid- ered. Extreme thinness because of lack of feed, or fleshing before calv- ing, should not be confused with dairy temperament. The third point to consider is body capacity and size. All other things being equal the lamer cow is prefer: red, and all breeds have a Standard of weight. As it takes feed to pro- duce milk, the cow must have capac- ity for feed, this will mean a well - sprung rear rib, a- fairly long and deep body, good heart and lung ca- pacity and deep broad chest. The fourth point to consider is health and vigour. This should be ap- parent in all breeding animals; to stand the strain of bearing young and producing a profitable milk yield the animal must have a good consti- tution. The summary of these points 'is, that the cow to •be a profitable pro- ducer must have health, vigour, soundness, superior dairy tempera- ment, large capacity for feed, good heart, lungs and circulatory system, and a well-developed mammary sys- tem. If pure-breds are under considera- tion a knowledge of. breed type is needed. Although the points for a good cow hold true in. all breeds, breed type must be kept in mind when judging a pure-bred or a grade of a particular breed. Good type and high One man known to me who always production must be combined. buys a sweepstake ticket on the Grand National and the Derby tells me that he is sustained all through the year, in the matter of his spirit, by his hope. of winning's major prize. for him and his family, because of He dreams of getting $150,000, and so, too, do the members of his. fam- ily. Life is brighter, more buoyant, this hope—not expectation, mark you -of getting $150,000. From this point of view, the spend- ing of $5 a year to acquire hope is justified. We pay doctors many times $5 when we are low-spirited. If any doctor could assure us a certain uplifting of the spirit, for $5, then we would pay his fee cheerfully. Probably our general health would be better because of our hopefulness. And even when we learn that we lost our money—the money which we paid for a sweeptsake ticket, we are not downhearted: we proceed to buy an- other nother ticket, and we say to ourselves, 'I have absolutely no chance at all to win a prize if I have•no ticket. I have a chance -even though it be a very remote one—if I have a ticket. I want that chance, and I'll pay $2.50 for it, cheerfully." a5,"lr rices S aSsei5 °aWhY� r ese aWa ialSisesaii'a•■'r•." aVea•.•aVesrarad "eV YOUR WORLD AND MINE (Copyright) by JOHN C. KIRKWOOD si.Wil• AN's searedWeitiV "1Y,PWa'VL'h°.'■.AN`iW.WAW,riVAPL"i"a: In this contribution to the News-' Of course, betting and gambling Record I am disposed to examine my are to be condemned when they ;be. own mind in, regard to sweepstakes. come one's professed, business. "T cannot endorse ways, of making a liv- ing which do not represent equality of exchange. The man- who bets and who wins gives nothing to the loser: the loser is the poorer because of the transaction. Whatever 'nay be said of betting by those able to afford to lose, nothing can be said in defense of betting by those who cannot afford to lose. Good' persons will say, "Ali, it's the principle which matters". Well, I fear that few of us let our Iives Abe governed wholly by principle. If we. examined our practices and conduct in all things, hien I fear that much that we do would be a ;transgression against principle. We do not fear for the morals ce the young girl who bets her comrade a chocolate bar or an iceem so cat a da.e W are not much upset t when we see good women buy- ing a 10 -cent raffle ticket en a quilt. We are not alarmed when we see lads playing marbles for keeps. at does. not upset us when we see two men matching coins or tossing dice to de- termine who shall pay for a luncheon. The truth is that persons who in- sist on rigidity of practice and con- duct, patterned after Scriptural ex- amples or precepts, are usually ve]y dismal persons, Quite frankly I ad- mit that I am not upset when I hear a Than or woman say, "Good Lord". I have heard preachers say "damn"; and it does not make me feel myself to be a sinner when I say that I am not feeling up to the ]nark when someone asks me to go out with him to some dull meeting to which I do not wish, to go. Up to the present I have not tried to put into words my attitude toward sweepstakes. I may say,'Iiowever, to start off with that I am not either hot or cold for or against sweep- stakes. I have never bought a sweep- stake ticket 'on the Grand National or the Derby, but this is because no .one ever asked me to buy a ticket. Had I been solicited to buy a ticket I Prob- ably would have done so. The $2.50 which a tieketweeld cost would not have been a barrier. I am, always parting with money which does not return.Thus, the other day I had to have my watch repaired, and that cost me $3.50. And since then the main- spring of my watch broke, anti its replacement cost me $1.50. Also, I had to have my, shoes repaired, and that cost me $1.75. I mention these outpayments s b eeause they were un - looked for items of expense. I had to pay them despite the feet that I am always postponing certain pur- chases just because it is inconvenient to pay out money. Thus, I may want a suit of clothes, at a cost of say $35. Or it may be that I should like to buy an electric razor, whose cost would be el.5. Today I inquired about the 'price of 'a book wanted by me— price $5.50. e—price'$5.50. I wear my old hat long- er than it ought to be worn, because a new hat would cost at least $5. I should like to buy a pair of Dank shoes at $13.50, yet I go on wearing my old shoes. But when some emergency requires me to part with money, I find it, and forget about it. So if I paid out $2.50 for a sweepstake ticket, I would not be very conscious of it a week later. The point I am making is this:- those his;those who buy sweepstake tickets on the Grand National and the Derby do not seem to be poorer for their ac- tielli if SIE KM which a ticket ggsj Were not spent on a ticket, it would be spent foie something else—perhaps something of perishing value. The fact of the matter is that all of us with limited incomes are spend- ing money rather foolishly and ex- travagantly, and what we spend thus requires us to economize in some oth- er di}rection, I am continually being stupified by the sight of persons whose income is less than mine own- ing ]rotor cars. I could not possibly afford to own and operate a motor car. To do so would use up about $500 a year taking into account de- preciation, gas, insurance, license, washings, lubrication, incidental costs and the outlays inescapable from car ownership—parking charges, lancet - eons and dinners away from home, hotel feeswhen one is away over might, and so on.. Yet so many earn- ing Iess than I do seem to be able to afford a motor car. This may mean paying less for rent than I da, and practising a variety of economies. the harrow. Very often a few hours, bright sun and drying winds are suf- ficient. If left until it drys out too much, hard lumps difficult to work in- to good tilth may be formed. Should this condition result, working ,after a light fall of rain has moistened these lumps will aid very much in the de- velopment of a good seed -bed. It is generally planned to prepare the vegetable garden in the fall, ap- plying the manure before ploughing. If this has not been done, harrow up the surface, apply well rotted manure and plough it into the soil; usually the depth of ploughing is six inches. Spring ploughing to this depth is ad- visable even though the land was fall ploughed. Thorough preparation is very important as all vegetable crops after seeding can be cultivated only shallowly, and na surface cultivation can make up for a lack of good pre- paratory- tillage. ' The commercial fertilizer used is applied evenly broadcast, and harrow- ed in to a depth of four inches before seeding. If thw land is a sandy loam and wen drained, rolling to compact the surface soil or dragging a plank- er or leveller over it is practised to make the surface level On such soils all crops are usually planted on the level soil, without running up rid- ges for seeding on. In the case of wet lands not well drained and of a clay nature likely to puddle, the forming of ridges! is usually prac- tised. If rows are run up it is wise to complete the seeding on these rows while the land is still fresh and moist, as the crown, -of the row dries out very quickly and seed planted in dried -out rows cones: up veay'unev- enly. On'poor soils manure is applied at the rate of 20 to 30 tons, per acre. On previously cultivated areas 10 to 15 tons per acre is usually sufficient. Commercial fertilizer, a 5-9-8 mix- ture, at the rate of 900 to 1200 pounds. per acre. (3 to '4 ounces per .square yard) is usually considered yfrofitable. This fertilizer is worked into the ser - face soil before seeding or running. up the rows. .T I would not like to- see the state legalize all lotteries. I would not like to see an entire nation lottery -mad. I do not like to see men and women trying to make their living by bet- ting'. PO I gm not a particle upset by the proposal that we in Ontario should do as they are doing in Ire. land, as a means of raising money for hospitals. This hospital sweep- stake project is a particular way of raising money—money which will be respent in Canada by those receiving it. We pay $2.50 for a radio license fee, which money, collected from sev- eral hundred thousand persons, flows back to the public in due course. Not perhaps the identical persons who pay in this money, yet to the public at Iarge. In, this it is on all fours with the taxes which we pay. I own that all this controversy ov- er sweepstakes leaves tune cold. I cannot get excited over it. I do not foresee any great amount of moral corruption. I can see some hundreds of thousands of persons engaged in the agreeable pastime of building; castles in the air—dreaming how they would use $150,000 if they won a major prize. Modern Methods Of Chick Feeding The old methods of egg and wet - mash feeding of baby chicks so many. times a day at definite set periods may be alright for chicks -raised by hens under' natural methods but it is a thing of the past for chicks brooded by artificial methods. The poultry- keeper of today has no use for such time wasting. Modern feeding meth- ods are extremely simple. After the hatch is cleaned, the chicks are allowed to remain in the incubator or in chick boxes for a day to harden off. - They are then trans- ferred'to the brooder house which has been made ready for them. With the fountains filled with water from which the chill has been removed, the hoppers filled with grit, shell, senor- coal and dry mash and a IittIe coarse river sand, 'chick grit; or fine oyster shell scattered over the surface of the mash in the hoppers, the chicks are put in the house spread in a circle on the floor just outside the canopy and they are well started.- Feeding is al- lowed right from the start and every- thing is practically automatic, requir- ing very little time to attend to a About the morals of this sweep- colony. Tend thestoves regularly, stake business, I confess that I am seeing that. they are properly regal- not much. concerned. I would not feel ated. Keep the fountains filled with that I had sinned greatly if I bought fresh water and the feed hoppers with a ticket. Itr certain ways. I am gamb- dry mash. Weather peimritting, get ting somewhat similarly all the time. the chicks out on to the ground as Thus, I ]nay buy a first edition of a soon as they get used to their quart book in the hope that its value will ers, sayby a week or ten days, and rise in the years ahead. If I were a be sure that the ground is. clean and stamp collector, I would be buying uncontaminated. When this is done, stamps in the hope of getting- back a board about three feet leng ansi 12 some day, several times what I paid. inches high is placed about a foot Men are always buying land and back from the exit and another board houses in the hope that they will get front the top of this to the wall above 50 or 100 per cent profit on their in- the exit. This forms a passage for vestment. Fanciers are always gamb- the chicks to get to tete exit and pre - ling: they holo their wheat or cattle vents the winds from blowing in the or hay or hogs or potatoes in the hope' opening and directly under the hover. that their action will be Handsomely After ten days or a couple of weeks rewarded. Those' who buy and sell a little scratch feed may be given es: stocks are gambling. Most of us are, it may be omitted for several weeks quite ready to buy a raffle ticket until the chicks are out running from a service club or even from a about. If the weather is bad so that church organization. Those who bet, the chicks have to be kept in the whether in a ,pigmy- way or in a large house and clean sod is available, a way, are gambling. It does' not itis- few sods to tear at will keep them tress me when I ,see a main; buy pari- busy. Ire the absence of the sods, mutual tickets at horse races. sliced ntangels should be supplied. D/figa1M5y; WOO , rows°e5 /wore #71?Lc r,anaA,.reo ; + 011UHCILSTANOAR0 44,40E4550:40 e Protect your Buildings WITH METAL ROOFING Dry, rotted shingles catch fire liite kindling! But with Council Standard Tite-Lap roofing you needn't worry about flying embers or sparks: It is good for a lifetime and is sold with a 25 year guarantee. This guarantee is backed by a reliable firm with a background of years ofliervice to agriculture. Ask your banker. Tite-Lap roofing comes in large sheets that are easily handled. Fireproof, weather- proof—does not crack, bulge, shrink or curl. They may beri on ut Ill over your old roof. P g . Send ridge and rafter measurements for free cost estimate. Eat *eel bedutts a5Guelph Silent 'mated Factories a also al Preston. OeI Montreal and Townie. STATITE Led-Hed Hails-. with Screw Shenk Taketentintea.:, more force to wlthdrawthan standard barbed roof- ing nails. Beet roofngnailon: the market. Manufacturers of the.. aeons P estop Sleet Truss Ba ng, wetal bqdjams way Poultry Equipment.. Loathsome House Fly Breeder Of Disease The common, house fly is not only a nuisance but a serious health men- ace, especially in the waren months, from midsummer to autumn, when it reaches. its greatest abundance. It is a menace to health because it breeds M garbage, manure and human faeces, and may pass directly from filth and other infested matter to foodstuffs. Particles of decomposing organic matter, bacteria and other living or- ganisms adhere to its hairy body and legs, and sticky feet and mouthparts, or may be conveyed to food in its ex- creta and saliva. The house fly, known to scientists as Musca domes tica, is world-wide in distribution and notorious for the part it plays in the dissemination of dangerous diseases such as infantile diarrhoea, tubercul- osis, typhoid, cholera and dysentery, Tn C_angdg; the house fly is prgilahly the most important insect species concerned in disease transmission. On this account it is very important that measures be taken to control it and to prevent it from having access to hu- man foods. The most effective method of con- trolling house flies consists of elim- inating or reducing their breeding places by properly treating or dispos- ing of manure and garbage. Fresh horse manure is probably chiefly re- sponsible for the majority of flies in rural sections. In the cities, garbage is an important factor in fly produc- tion. To be fully effective, control measures should be organized on a community basis, as one negleeted manure heap or garbage dump may, infest a whole neighbourhood. Col- lections of manure should be removed from city stables and disposed of att rural least twice weekly. In sections, I where practicable, the manure should, be removed daily and spread thinly, in fields where the drying effect of sun and wind will prevent breeding, is An alternate method consists of tak-1 ing advantage of heat produced by fermentation when manure is placed in tightly packed piles. The manure pile should be constructed on hard ground or concrete. The sides of the pile should be clean cut and almost ; vertical, but sloping slightly towards the centre,. As fresh manure is ad- ded to the pile it should be tightly packed by means of a shovel. The • heat produced by fermentation de- stroys all fly eggs, larvae and pupae, , except possibly those close to thea surface of the top layer. The appli- cation with a watering- can or sprayer of a solution of borax consisting of 1. Lb. of borax in 6 gallons of water will destroy any fly stages in the top lay er. Six gallons of the solution is sufficient to treat 30 square feet of surface area. Steps should also be taken to pre-. vent the accumulation of manure from other domestic livestock such as pigs, cattle and poultry, as flies will breed in these substances, although : to a lesser extent, • Q AIt organic refuse such as house- hold garbage should be wrapped in paper and stored in fly -proof garbage cans until finally disposed of by' burning. The accumulating of gar- bage in municipal dunes during the warn months of the year is undesir- able,as such dumps produce ease • - mous numbers of flies as well as oth- er vermin, and may constitute a ser ious public nuisance. The only sat- isfactory way of disposing of garbage • during the fly season is by incinera tion. Measures should be taken to ex- clude flies from dwellings. The screening of doors and windows. is very useful in this regard. 1'lIes that find their way into the house should be promptly destroyed. Fly swatters, sticky fly paper, poisoned fly pads, . poisoned bait made by mixing one teaspoonful of formalin in a cupful of sweetened milk or water, and expos ing it in saucers, are included among the various means of doing this, Fly sprays containing pyrethrum extract in mineral oil are a valuable and wide- ly used killing agent. cileSNAPSNOT GUIL DON'T INCLUDE TOO MUCH Close-up,vi.ewpoint eliminates furniture, surplus detalis—makes picture include just whatyou want, nothing more. WHEN you snap a picture, do you 1i get close enough to your sub- ject? This is one of the beat ways to make your pictures simple and uni- fied. Get close enough to eliminate objects and details that have noth- ing to, do with the picture subject. Let your subject appear large enough to "dominate" the picture, To matte your pictures include Just enough, and not too much, use your view finder carefully. Decide what you want to take, point the camera at the chosen subleet, and move forward. until the image in the view finder shows just the part you want. Then judge the distance. carefully, focus accurately, andsuap, the picture. Most cameras, including box cam- eras, allow you f to snap,' pictures when you are as near as six to eight toot to your subject. Some, focus for cleser distances. And, if you slip a portrait attachment on the camera lens, you can snap pictures at three and one-half feet or nearer. When yon get a picture that hap- pens to include too much, try trim- ming it until it Iooks right. Then have an enlargement made of the picture as trimmed. Mato it a rule to take pictures near enough to exclude everything that does not help your. "picture ideal" Soon you will find you are getting better pictures. John van Guilder 11 \• 1 1 1 \ \` i �� \ , cO , \ \ $ \ i \•i,. c Too far away, the camera takes in too much. Right distance, it takes 131 In just enough.