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HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe Clinton News Record, 1938-03-03, Page 6SAI :E CulTroN NEWS-REcoRD THURS., MARCH 3, 193Se.. Diseases Of -Importance ;To The Frlut Cro .Dttm><tl R 'The Past Season. Because of varying• environment factors, different disease prgblems �e will be •encountered each year. While the diseases .of nn- stance in 1937 ., °o may or may not be trou lesome in p 1808; it is nevertheless advisable. to recall those of particular prevalence last :year, - Peach leaf 'curd was a serious. eac- tor in many. orchards ,and undoubted- ly there is a heavy carry-over af'this fungus on the trees awaiting only the .a roach of" spring g and favourable weather conditions to bring about its g damaging effect. Fortunately, the- possible' infection can bo entirelypre- vented b earlyand thorou h dor- g mant spraying. A 'fturgous disease encountered' in' many young, peach orchards was Ver. ticillium wilt, which causes a wilting and `martial defoliation, and some -Very times the death of affected trees. This disease is favoured by coal; wet editions: in the early season, though its not evident until' the hot, dry weathee of midsummer, when naked ,develop branches here and there readily Iden. trip it. The disease, which cannot be controlled by spraying, is caused by a soil organism, which enters the trees through the root system. It al- so attacks a number of other plants, g which is the tomato. In eve ery case this crop was implicated in the prevalence of the disease by being grown either previous to the planting of peaches or as an inter -crop in the young non-bearing •orehard. It would seem advisable to avoid the use of' tomatoes in land to be devoted to peach growing, In connection with peaches, many ()chards have shown foliage injury in the form of spotting 'and shot -holing, followed byleaf-dropwhich resulted from the use of arsenicals in the control of cureu iia insect. Such in- ur may be serious, but fortunatelythan ] y y can be overcome by the use of zinc sulphate -lime "corrective" as outlined in the Ontario Spray Calendar. Brown rot took a heavy toll of Montmorency cherries. The disease developed rapidly during two days ofgovernments wet, foggy weather, shortly after the blossoms had fallen, This possibil- ity of an early attack of brown rot during, or just following bloom, is not fully appreciated by the growers. Such attacks are likely to occur when polonged wet conditions Prevail and at such times a grower. is well advis- ed to apply the recommended spray materials. The familiar t•eafs tot disease of R. sour cherries was unusually prevai- sour ent last year. The' defoliation from this disease weakens the trees, pre- disposing them to winter injuries, and is therefore of considerable impor- Thorough spraying is neees- saty to secure adequate protection to against leaf -spot. Some authorities and growers believe Bordeaux to be the preferable fungicide. However, this material may cause some ing of fruit and should be used only rn very wet seasons. When the lis- ease is prevalent a Bordeaux spray after the fruit is harvested is advis- able. Growing Plants Without ser A: good rich soil is not'always no cessary to produce. strong, • healthy vigorous ]ants. Plants 'e'en. he ro P g wn just as weld or better ing a dinarr Y sand es in a good rich coin' est sot1 The advan rages of usrng sand are many.The initial cost ie. very small The sand is clean and ef+s ly` handled It: does away with the difficulty of obtainingcomposting sod and the work of preparing co mpost,soiis. It is not exhausted and discarded afterg growingone or two crepe butpub.in"' p may be used re sated] All hat -is mess_ P Y t pec s sary when a crop has been removed a sand bed is to thoroubow from, i ghly hose the bed so that any residual substan ccs left•by the previous crap will be washed out, .:This leaves the sand ready for -the next cram. Astrations great else! of study has been done at the Horticultural Division at Ottawa on growin g -plants in sand. goodsuccess was obtained with carnations grown in sand. The pro- cedars is .not at all difficult. The cuttings are rooted in the usual man- 'sex and the oun laitts potted and . g P allowednedtotuntil th^ are they planted. ou,. When the plants are brought back into the •greenhouse from the field they are planted or benched in the bed of sand, instead of sail. The sand should be six or eight inches deep and the lants s aced ten P P inches by ten inches in the bed. Naturally there is no food in the sand. The ]ants must be fed with m a mixed fertilizer. It is the fertilizer which 'makes this t p of artificial y-' culture successful. The sand merely holds the fertilizer so the roots can reach it and acts as a support through which the roots may °Winh A fertilizer mixture which hasthe consistently given good growth and excellent, high quality yield may be made up with the following quinti- ties,— Commercial ammonium sulphate, 9 Ib., 12 oz. Commercial muriate of potash,saysfrom 1 lb., 15 oz. Commercial superphospate (16%) 7 lb., 8 oz. Magnesium sulphate (Epsom salts)of g P ( P 5 lb., 11 oz. These substances should be ground to. a fine powder and thoroughly mixed. When this has been done, add 6 grams of fine boric acid. 6-10 grams of fine manganese sue- phate and mix thoroughly. This fertilizer mixture is applied at the rate of one-half ounce per square yard. The best way- to apply it is to measure out the amount on- cording to the size of the bed and mix it thoroughly with fine sand then dust it evenly over the surface of the bed. In addition, dissolve -12 ounces of calcium chloride . in one gallon of water. This is kept as a stock solu- tion. When applying the fertilizer mixture measure one fluid ounce ofeverything the stocksolution of calcium elder- ide into 2-3 quarts of water, per square uare yarn' of bed, and sprinkle ev- q enly over the sand. The fertilizer and solution are ap- Y plied once ever three weeks andSNAP�f�ic,u11., may be gradually increased if deem- ed to once per week as the plants grow. The bed is watered as neces- eery Fertilizer Services In' Gal>tadlan Farmin g Ser'viees'provided by the Dominion Department of A rieulttu°e in g con section with .chemical fertilizers cover a,wide field as befits the imPortan'ce of the product in the public' p b icee First,,there is the Fertilizers; Act which'protects farmers against fraud and prove 'des' quality standards for the trade. • The enforcement'thisIdriver of Act is :constant and effective in ''alI parts to ,.Canada. Supporting the enforcement of the Act there is .fished annually the report of fertiljz- er anal se y q whioh sets out the recomd of. the different manufacturers in meeting their plant food guarantees. This report is also valuable p as•a trade Index,P Extensive experiments and demon- are conducted on the Do- ,minion 'Experimental Farms and illus tration Stations in each -of, the pro•- ,winces' so as to obtain information for advisingthe public re ard' the g gas use of fertilizers and for guiding 'manufacturers in the production of improved' kinds. This involves an- nually hundreds of field, plot and lab- oratory tests and innumerable soil tests, In the statistical field, the con- sumption of fertilizers is tabulated each year by provinces and provides a clear picture of the trends in fertil- ! iter consum. tromp, and shows wheth- p er the farmers are fallowing the re- commendations of the experimental farms and provincial fertilizer coon- cies. This information is invaluable in the preparaton of extension poli- cies regarding the manufacture and •of fertilizers: Tn � he elan Safety'Propaganda' has tiers Canada; drivers on ly to : Under sharp between of worn, ply outs Continuingeto passed is more often . Much done en bacterial borne. that treatment to are er in ents disease in the not Incnot and reality not germination soil, the by soil The period over period graded a direct million grade is common spread in the this 500,000 for 1930. seed cent of some as causes ly attack cereals smut, respect, certain popular WATCH YOUR TIRES more highway tragedies than pnblie reali' e sy the solo of the vie- is taken bythe smooth tire, iopaganda in recent- years material] reduced the ro or-' y' pv P of;mator vehicles being driven in :on unsafe toes, but many still tof operate i a cars and trucks t•rlbhet• which -is a menace mat on.. themselves but to every other- ori the road. brake ' application of °n turns one tire -tread stalled: Y a tends the vehicle and, the danger! a sand. And at high speeds a patched tube; and casing Sim- cannel, be relied, anon and: blow - are a momentary peril. use a tire that has of common, safety the just than just poor econom • 't is Y, i suicidal. handling and general efficiency. g'ane,rnereury:dusts,,sold under lolls names, assned gainst: smuts;. and t y � effective s conducted I the Dominion Labaratoxa Pathology, ' 'Saskatchewan h shown` that'' likewisensentry � I to some extent. Formolin isvery effective in the cents' <' of smuts £sequently causes seed injury, , Tnf r - � ' o matron on the cendit Pie seed rain 'ii d; g n the use of 'Dominion can be obtained front Do i i I m n on oxatot•ies of - Plant Patholo gY, at rave, 9Vinnipeg, Saskatoon and ". Or, ear a< ai Plant A ¢'c but of ` Lab- Lah• Ot Ed- ms - P Conn had aI- by P g that each and of tit" to Cion It is all •Irish •we idea quite mil- such: lar - Time J Information'for the ' p , IG7a,►g Farmer .. • • (Furnished b he Department Of .Agriculture) . `' p Soil Deficiency' Prof, G. N. Ruhnke told the Field a convention, in nto that P TOTO many soils in Ontario were showing gas of mineral'deficiene and.this siyor was reflected. in the crops and live_ppP 'was stock. Fertility is lost in the ordin• ery course of fanning, It cannot be replaced by the manure alone and is `a", demand' for fertilizers to bring back farms to full productive Capacity. Before applying these commercial mixtures it is necessary to determine if drainage is required and to test for acidity, Where there is an acid condition lime is the rem- cry, In choosing a' fertilizer a 'soil test is the best guide though' the crop bistory is also to be taken into 'con.Y sideration. 'ured The diameters are rounded to whole inches; that is, "an 8.8 inch log it en, creel as' 9 inchesand an 8.3 inter as 8 inches, The length is measured and logs • are usually cut in 8, '10, 12, 14 16 foot lengths. Logs"'should be too4 inches longer in order that the boards maybe'squared to the, even foot lengths. The •number -of `board • feet in the logis taken fromy the log rule. Deductions for defects such as crook rot; etc. are made for each log when it is measured. scale `stick has the log scale printed on it,and'it is used for'ineasurin the diameters of the logs. • g g Doyle Rule The -Doyle rule has been the legal rule in, Ontario since 1879' and most logs cut on farm woodlots are meas- by'this rule. It gives extreme- ly low values for logs in the lower diameter classes. • M Scribner Rule The scribner • Rule gives much higher values than the Doyle for gamen logs in the lower diameter classes. Doyle -Scribner Rule The values of the Doyle rule are used for logs up to 28 inches in diam- stem and above 28 inches the Scrib_ ner values are used.use International .Log Rule international rule gives values that are close to what can be sawn out by using good methods. It is fair to both buyer and seller. Comparison of Lag Rules The values given are for 16 -foot only. SWEEPSTAKES There toward to o e growingem- tirnsnt, toward Croverninent-stupes- vi sed v, sed sweepstakes in Canada; A.bill tope allow sweepstakes made its that body b the Senate and passed that but u was killed in the mens. Now York CountyCouncil 'well as other bodies are advocat• ing that sweepstakes be allowed. •Last' year the Reader's Digest 8 an excellent article on this questiosi. depres- It showed that always during riin mon times or as means of raising easy money there is a cycle swing toward sweepstakes. This article sa proved that many such went the board later due to lack of public interest or because of graft creeping into the oretatare of same Most peomFe are fully aware great sums of money are spent year in Canada on sweepstakes that most of this money goes out the country, Those in favor of scheme far raising money point this fact as a reason that sweeps should be allowed in Canada. The Irish Sweepstake is probably the most successful of its kind, apparently well run and people over the world support it. •This organization has done more, think, to p,opuI •'ze the sweepstake any other. People are willing to take one chance in a lion and many are of the opinion that they should be given this chance in a legalized way. We are of mthe opinion, however, that our will continue to oppose the operation of schemes,—Wingham Advance -Times. The Value Of deed — Treatment experimental work has b en e to devise methods for the pre- ion of losses from; fungous and diseases which are seed- It has been shown generally any benefits derived from seed can be traced, as a rule, the control of organisms which g present either on or in the seed the seed bed. Some experim- seem to' show that treatment of free -seed produces benefits farm of stimulation. This is necessarily true, since diseases always evident y externally, the apparent stimulation maybe, ano increased vigour due to centro' of some parasite which Is evident. On the other hand, when is delayed bycold wet y fungicidal dusts may protect seeds and seedlings from attacks g organisms. average annual loss in Canada cereal smut diseases for the 1920-23 was estimated to be $12,000,000. During the 12 -year 1920-1932, 20,000,000 bushels western Canadian wheat were smutty. This represented loss of approximately two dollars due to reduction in alone. A quite different disease xootrot which is wide- and often severe on cereals prairie provinces. Losses from trouble were estimated at $6,- annually in Saskatchewan the three-year period ending in A recent survey of available records show'that about 50 per of wheat seed staples carry fungi kind. Some are important P of rootrot, while ethers on- broken and injured seeds. P treatment of the seed of evil' destroy the spores of rootrots and moulds. In this it should be mentioned that dust fungicides are becoming because of their ease of Field Crop Convention Organizations of district associa- tions to promote the growing of bet- ter seed in Ontario was urged;by Al- ex M. Stewart, president of the Field Crop, Association at the annual meet- in in Toronto. With the province di- g P vided into zones the particular prob- ]ems of soil and climate could be studied by local groups. Represen- tatives from these groups could then P discuss at the general convention the larger of sale and distribn-Corn g problemsThe of seed. It was decided to ask for greater financial aid to carry out experimental work. One of the mat- ters demanding attention is a method of controlling seed borne diseases. 1 Dr. G. P. McRostie outlined the,logs croptestingprogram which had been _ gr' proposed a year ago and on which g some progress has been made, Bas- ad on soil surveys made in Western Ontario and the counties between To- Ionto and Kingston a number of g zones have been marked off. Atten- tion has been'given to differences of climate so that some differences uniformity of conditions peach zone can be depend- ed upon. The corn growing area of Essex and Kent and. the Niagara fruit belt are striking examples of crops to certain areas. Dr. crops adopted thinks there is a possibility of producing turnip seed in a strip o£ land bordering on Lake Huron and Georgian Bay where conditions are to those in Nova Scotia. • Much dependence has been placed on the thousands of tests conducted small plots throughout Ontario. g These have indicated in a general way the best yielding varieties. To get more accurate data twenty-five lar- Ygrows ger plots were tried last year by students of the Agricultural College. Results so far have been satisfactory and obtained at moderate cost. There were also fourteen supervised tests with fertilizers which cost about $30 each and were 85 per cent, reliable, Rust of oats has become one of the major enemies of the grgrower in Eastern Canada. There were heavy losses in the harvest of 1937, some fields being reduced to ten bushels or less per acre. Fortunately there are a few varieties that are resis- tent to the disease which may show itself either on the stent or leaf. Dr.largely G. H. -Newman, Dominion Cerealist of the Central Experimental Farts has P collected results of supervised tests on farms in; Eastern Ontario and finds that the old varieties are sus• cc tible and may have to be discard- P Y ed, at least in areas where this dis- ease is a controlling factor, and rust- free roots grown in their place. As soil seems to Be the rust,determiningrather than asoor in seobtems n- ing good crops in many districts, Dr. Newman has taken steps. to map out the areas where the stems are at- tacked and where the leaf is affect- ed. With this information it will be possible to recommend varieties that may be grown with relative safety. Row great a gain may result is seen y in a ease at Winchester where a va- riety resistant to leaf rust went'60 bushels to the acre, while Victory gave only 8 bushels. At the Ottawa Experimental Farm it is planned s - ;same drop Victory for Vanguard and at the I{emptville School Erban it recom-' mended. Even outside the districts affected with rust Lanark and Erban have given better• results in yields' than other sorts, Spring wheat whit 's grown, to ' l a limited extent in stern Canada, chiefly for po-ultiy free], also n.eedseto be rust resistant. Huron and Mar- ui°s so well known ,to Eastern far- niers, cannot be depended -union as they are both susceptible to stem 2irst --.-- _ Grows In Snow Strange story—believe it or not—. of a man growing colli and vegetal,- les in a snowdrift, reached The Lead- er-Post from R. G. Chase, Milestone. The unprecedented snowfall this winter gave Mr. Chase the idea, he in. his tetter. About two months he awoke one mornin to find agog his farm buildings completely buried in snow, So I dug a good wide tunnel from the house door to the barn and put in some Skylights with some old storm sash, I found the barn so waren that I was obliged to leave the door open and the inner snow of the tunnel started to melt. It wasn't long until the ground thawed out and small .weeds started to grow," he wrote. "I then worked up the ground on both sides of the path and planted corn and vegetables. I found the soil to be fairly blushing with fecundity. It was kept continuously moist by the slowly melting• snow and the climate was most salubrious. "TheProper growth in this tunnel has been extremely phenomenal and I am now furnishing the house with about that in a garden and have corn fodder enough to feed my stock until spring. • "It seems hard to believe that it is the month of February as we have green coni on the cob every day and expect ripe tomatoes about the first of March." Rule ' , _ a� m � , Diameter y .a ,, a inside a r o +' •- e e q C e s bark A rn Inches Board Foot Contents Indications are that world supplies of wool in 1938 wilt be somewhat ger than in 1937, states the AgricuI toil Situation and Outlook. 6 4 18 4 19 8 16 32 16 39 10 36 54 36 64 15 121 142' 121 157 20 256 280 256 290 25 441 459 441 462 30 676 657 657 674 3l, 961 876 876 930 COUGHS,DISTEMPER,. BROKEN WIND' I}-- have met their master rink `, ZEV— made by the mak- \ era of en, poultry Stockmen, poultry breed- y breed - - - e ziv my it Who positively- ; "sure fire" relief for all respiratory poultryes in horses, eaaic, sheep, how,. don ponrtry and logo, It is amazing baa born cue eit �ein facts t, we guar' most ZLV Id - to do in a day or two what it took old - fashioned00,remedies a month to do. Pet br size so¢, Stock else $1.00. Get BEV at size W S. R.HOLMES Harvesting Sea -Weed At one time the industry of col - letting and drying sea -weed was a veryconsiderable and profitable one along the shore of the St, Lawrence River. Even today if you should pass through the village of Ile Verte, whiffs of salt laden, slightly pungent air would greet you. It is the iodine impregnated atmosphere wafted from the fieldse along the road where the sea -wrack grass, kelp and duke are spread in the sun, like hay on a mea- dow. The weed when dried is used for upholstering furniture and entente- bile seats and making springy mat- tresses. It does not pack like wool and it is cheaper and easier to get than horse hair. It is also fire -proof and used in finishingboards for fire -proof buildings. Ile Verte lies east of Riviere-du Loup along the banks of the St. Law- rence. It takes its name from. an is- land bearing'the same name, some distance off shore. ' The island was named by Jacques Cartier and ac- cording to the most authentic re- cords, the first settler was a Scots- pian Balled Peter Fraser. Fraser• was about 25 years old when he was given the island as a. reward for his splendid conduct at the battle of the Plains of Abraham. He married shortly after he had established him- self on his land and had five sons and one daughter. Many of his direct descendants still reside on the island. Another interesting thing about this island is the large lighthouse. It was erected over one hundred years ago and has been in charge of the family ever since. ,• When in 1928, the word flashed around the world that the "Bremen" the first aeroplane that succeeded in crossing the Atlantic ocean from east to west, had, landed at Greenly island, and the• news became known at Ile Verte (Green Island) a number of the villagers' set out in boats to visit the island a little distance off their own shore, believing that it was there the trio of flyers had dropped from the air. They knew of no oth- , er `Green Island"in the St. Law- rence. The flyers had landed at Greeneley Island, Newfoundland. +� Sian 1 snapehooter stretched sion strong era of the struct or snaps silhouette, ties the tured the pictures. should lamps DECORATIVE SILHOUETTES .E t l' - . The Power Age The development of mechanical power as an aid to man has been one of the distinguishing characteristics of the twentieth century. The begin - of the moderng g power age are back as far as James Watt and his steam engine, but the nineteenth cen- tory Added a continuous series of lis- coveries and inventions which made possible the enormous nee we are now makingof gasoline, oil and electric Power, as well as steam. ,Western countries have several times as much mechanical horsepower P working for them as they have man- power, In the United States, which is generally considered to be the world's most highly mechanized country, g y there are estimated to be five or six horsepower for every person in the Population - Canada and Great Britain it is more like four horsepower per rsan, p If we adopt the ratio of six men to one horsepower, then there must be something ike twenty-five mechanical y manpower available for every man, woman and child in thepopulation,— surely an amazing contrast with' a century or so `ago when mien had to relyon their own strength, and that of their horses and oxen. Much the greater part `of all this potential power is for transportation purposes; it is in our more than a million' motor vehicles and our thous- ands of steam locomotives and ships. P Part of our eight million electrical horsepower is used for transportation P too, but most of it goes into our mines, our Beside manufacturing plants, and our homes. Besides electric power, our factories use another million and a half horsepower from steam, gras, oil and waterwheels. Then there are the tractors and stationery engines on our farms, each another reason in. itself for calling this the age of mechanical power. Bees From Dixieland Shipped To Canada Honeybees are imported in comb-nings less packages from the southern Uni- g ted States by the honey producers of the northern states and Canada.' reasons for this are, that in the south p producedhousewife surplus bees can be very earlyin. the spring and can be ac- gP g pac- ka ed and shipped north in plentyof time for the main honey flow. In certain regions, they will ,produce ex- traordinary crops of honey. Because of this, many beekeepers follow the practice of killing all their bees in the fall of the year and replacing them bees the followin with packagefollowing spring.• Package bees will give bet- ter results in regions where the main honey flow is gathered during theIn months of July and August, but where the flow starts about the mid - dle of June aril ceases during July, the returns are much smaller, often being little more than the cost of the packages plus transportation chars ges. • • Package bees may- be obtained in sizes ranging from one to five Hounds in weight. The two -pound size is more popular, and packages of this size have been known to pro- duce over 300 rounds of'sutplus• hon- ey under, very favourable conditions, The averse however, is much below .g , this, According to C. B. Gooderham, Dominion Apiarist, package bees must be ordered early in order to secure them at the proper time. When - ordering, one should state definitely the number and size of package re- quired that each package is to be ac- tom anted bya queen and the a p p- proximate proximate date they are to arrive. For most places the packages should arrive durting the latter half ' of Ap- mil, bees arriving during althoughY g the early part of May ma give a goodless account of themselves. In northern regions where the opening of spring is late, the first half of May is a good time. After ordering the bees, arrangements should be made with the nearest customs offi- ser express agent or mail clerk for 8 immediate a deliver Thereno im ediat y. is duty'on package bees, nor is there excise. tax on orders of less than $25, Also the hives and equipment ;, a`I ` • ^� a a t Bristles Made From Corn Welty witches used brooms robabu- early for midnight flights is probably unknown but there h no question as to the use to which the .Canadian puts that important article. Present a woman with a shin new R and watch the dust fly., Brooms originally were just bun- cher of broom, a beautiful shrub which grows,widd in the British Isles, particularly in Scotland. It has love- ly yellow flowers. The slender twigs were bound together forcoarse sweep- a Heather besoms were made for a similar purpose. The material used today is chiefly broom corn, a species belonging to the same family as the corn we use for food or fodder. The production of this broom corn is rap- idly becoming a thriving industry in Western Ontario. The 1936 crop in the Chatham district was estimated at about one million ounds, P the raw •material •is being Although produced in Canada, large shipments come from the United States and some from Hungary and the Amgen- fine. Before the bales are allowed in- :The co tier they must be steriliz- ed for the destruction of any possible insects or pests concealed in the fib- res. Until lastyear all imports were routed either to the port of New York ar Boston for sterilizing with steam. Now there is an inspection station in Montreal for the treating of the m- ports. In this plant, series of expeai- meats are being carried on to replace the steam sterilization process. The manufacturers of brooms . and brushes in Canada use about five mil- lion pounds of raw broom corn anis 800;000 pauards of broom fibre annual- ly, Last year We: imported over $321, ` 000 worth. This amount was $47;00.0 than the imports of• the mreviausskillets, yeas., the puppy instantaneooslfkash of Tight, was HOTOGRAPHIC silhouettes are a source of decorative pictures —and camera fun—which every should try. The arrange- moats are simple -a white sheet over a doorway, or diva between two rooms, with a light behind It and the cam- set up in front, Byarranging his subjects in front this brightly illuminated sheet, clever Photographer can con- any cumber of imaginative storytelling pictures, Costume are particularly' interesting in y there humorous plot s'es o- for many ty.pictures of "it -can't -be" variety, For instance, a juggler can be plc- keeping a dozen or two balls or camperican r beipictured twmith two flipping a dozen flapjacks at one shot. •In both these pictures, objects to appear in the air would be : cut from black paper or cardboard and pinned to the sheet at proper points. The sheet must be stretched evenly, as wrinkles will show in the Lighting behind the sheet also be as even as possible, Fido feetis a suitable. distance from to sheet. used In making this lsilhouette. iea Three sixty -watt inside -frosted elec. tris bulbs will provide enough light to give good results with flue -second time exposures, using a box camera with its lens at widest opening, or other cameras at lens stop f,11. To stop movement when pets or small children are appearing in silhouette, use a flash bulb behind the sheet, Or, with two or three large size flood .bulls snapshots can be taken When using tha flash brie, soma., one ca flash it at the correct mo meat at'an "okay" signal from the person operating the camera. There shaded regular out light,om un- shaded regular household bulbs, be- rind the sheet for the "cameraman'" to see the silhouetted images and. to know when to give his "okay sl When the +silhouette is snapped, of course, all lights must be turned •'off in the room which contains the camera and subject. Unless this is. done, detail in the subject will show, spoiling the silhouette effect. The photographer should also be watch- fol of stray light from windows, and mirrors which might catch light from the illuminated sheet •and ,throw it toward the shadow side of the [subject. j 175 John van Guilder. the 'Board -Foot Contents of Logs The truirtber of board feet in logs is computed' from a log suer- that gives the number of board feet for logs of 'different diameters, a n d lengths. There are many log rules in, use and the number of board feet assigned by the' various rules to logs of the same size vary considerably. The buyer naturally wishes to use a log rule that ivies low values and the seller g 'prefers one that gives. high ,values, The diameter of the log is measur-, ed inside the batik at the rmalI end. uother ' Watch' Can Be Used AS Compassbottles Most people know that a watch' snakes a first-class compass, but they don't know just how to use it as one. Of course, the sum must be shining. Point the hear hand toy the sun, and south is then Isalf way between the hour and the figure 12 on the watch, If, for example, it ,is four o'clock P the figure 2 on the watch is exactly south;; or, if it is 8 o'clock, then !10 on the watch,js south: 1r'xchange. letter received from the British Guiana Department of Agriculture by Poultry Services, Dominion Depart- ment of Agriculture, stated that the eight Barred lock pullets and the two Berried cockerels recently int- portedfrom Canada. a • •' 1 ' ex street in cel - ent condition, and that five of the ,pullets commenced to lay eggs . of good weight immediately after erri- val. necessary for housing the bees upon arrival should be prepared before- hand, For further details, wribe, to the Publicity and . Extension Branch ) , int' D rtn.eof A ^'culture Dominion ena. nt gti Ottawa, for copy of bulletin. entitled "Package Bees and How to Install Them".