Loading...
HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe Clinton News Record, 1942-10-01, Page 6PAGE 6 s -- THE CLiNTON NEWS -RECORD THURS., OCT. 1, 1942 '; .Farrners'Asked to Share Machinery With Others Most farm machinery wears out from misuse, abuse or lack of'use, , says D. S. Weaver, agricultural en- gineer of the State College Exten- sion service. He suggests that war- time shortages of farm machines offers the owner of a combine, hay , baler, corn picker, peanut harvester or tractor the opportunity to get the maximum value out of a piece of machinery by doing custom work, "Share your farm machinery with others," Weaver suggests. "Custom work has several advantages and, of course, -some disadvantages, The chief advantages are that more working hours can be obtained from the investment in equipment. The operator of a custom machine is usually better qualified to run his particular equipment, and do a bet- ter job of it, than are a large num- ber of individual operators who do not have occasion to use their ma- chines many days in a year." The farm engineer says that rela- tively few machine's wear out from actual use. A machine that is in constant use is usually kept in bet- ter condition. It is lubricated regu- larly and kept in good repair. "When one considers that farm use of most machines is limited to a few days in a year, whereas in- dustrial machinery is used practi- cally the entire year, it is easy to realize the importance of working as many days as possible with farm machinery," Weaver stated, Another method of relieving' the shortage of farm equipment, sug- gested by the extension specialist, is co-operative purchase of separate items. While experience in this method of handling equipment is limited, satisfactory plans probably can be developed for the increased use of this method. With farmers responding to the call for more food, no stone should be left unturned to develop means of overcoming the shortage of farm labor and the scarcity of farm equipment, Weaver declared. Castor Oil Can Now Be Used for Spraying Base The drastic reduction of imports of certain chemicals used in pesti- cides finds American research sci- entists ready with a new synthetic organic compound, derived from castor oil, for use in combination with pyrethrum in household and cattle fly sprays. Chemists began experiments 10 years ago to find a compound that could be used in combination with pyrethrum. They recently announced discovery of a base, called IN -930, an important constituent of which comes from the castor bean. This new compound was accepted after 929 others had been discarded for failure to meet the exceedingly high standard set. Hence the name IN -930. The prod- uct not only replaces some pyreth- rum but actually improves on it, re- sulting in a more economical and effective base. In combination with pyrethrum, it is satisfactory from the standpoint of safety tb humans and domestic animals, lack of cor- rosive or staining characteristics and of objectionable odor. Surface Preparation Before painting, new Wood sur- faces should be sanded smooth and dusted off clean. Drive any nail heads down. Nail holes and cracks should be filled with putty after the first coat has been applied and al- lowed to dry. Old painted, enam- eled and varnished surfaces in good condition heed only sanding with fine sandpaper to cut the gloss of the previous finish and smooth down the surface. Dust off clean before paint- ing. In repainting old surfaces, one coat is usually enough when the same color is being used. When' covering a dark color with a light color, two coats may be necessary. Cannot, Be Arrested Theoretice'lly, the President of the United States cannot be arrested legally for any act whatsoever, even the commission of murder. His per- son is inviolable during his term of office and he is beyond the reach of any department of the government, except through impeachment. If he were impeached, - convicted and re- moved from office, he then would be subject to arrest as a private citi- zen. The President may be arrested by mistake, or he might submit volun- tarily to arrest. `Military Merit' The. Order of the Purple Heart, for "Military Merit," is awarded to persons who ''while serving in the army of the United States, perform any singularly meritorious act of extraordinary .fidelity or essential service." ' The decoration was estab- lished by George Washington in 1782 and was, conferred upon sbl- diers of the Revolutionary war. It was the first insignia of valor awarded by this country to rank and file of soldiers ascontrasted with officers. Aluminum Foil Used on Bread Aluminum foil is used in Ger- many as a wrapping material to pre- serve the flavor of cut bread, espe- cially pumpernickel and "dark" bread, says K. Seidel in a German,. technical paper. The quality of this foil is tested by the action of acid solutions on the foil and by -correlat correlat- ing these tests with:obserVed effects when the foil is used for packing, bread.—Scientific American. Hearty Breakfast Best ' Way to Start Busy Day. Breakfast should be a real meal for everyone who has a busy day ahead, and that includes' all of us, these days. If we are to do our work efficiently, our bodies must have substantial fare, food which "stands by us,"' providing energy and building and repairing muscle tissue. The breakfast menu of a cup off, coffee and the morning paper has suddenly gone out of style, and the old-fashioned fare like broiled ham, sausage and waffles, bacon and eggs has regained its popularity, says Inez S. Willson, home economist. For the homemaker, this may mean a little extra work, but it need not be difficult, for there are. quickly cooked meats which can add greatly to the food value of breakfast. Bacon, ham, Canadian style ba- con, little link sausages and country style sausage are among the most popular breakfast meats, and to this list can be added other meats which can be quickly cooked, such as beef patties, lamb patties and lamb chops. It is well worth while to learn how to cook these breakfast meats prop- erly. Then you won't sizzle away part of their food value by improp- er cooking methods. Bacon should be pan-broiled, if you are cooking a small amount, or it can be cooked in the oven if you wish to prepare a large amount easily. To pan-broil bacon, place it in a cold frying -pan and cook over low heat, without covering it, until it is done. Turn the slices often to insure even cooking. Pour off the fat as it accumulates in the pan. For little link sausages or country style sausage, place in a frying pan and add two tablespoons of water. Cover and cook until water has evaporated. Then remove the cov- er, increase the heat and brown the links. It isn't necessary to prick the links if they are cooked slowly in this way. Cleanse Frame House With Soap and Water Some years ago there was an amusing song—"Go Wash an Ele- phant if You Want to Do Something Big," but householders these days have taken on an even bigger washing job. People with frame houses have taken to keeping them sightly between paint jobs by scrub- bing then with soap and water. No particular skill nor technique is required. Some people start at the roof and work down; others fol- low the indoor method of beginning at the bottom and working up. A ladder, a stiff scrub brush for apply- ing the soapsuds, a large sponge for rinsing off the lather and two pails, one for soapy water and one for clear water, are the require- ments. A final rinse with the gar- den hose is helpful but not neces- sary. It takes time to scrub the house clean, but it isn't hard work, and the results are definitely worth the effort. High school-age youngsters can easily handle the job. Fences, doors, and windowsills can be scrubbed with good effect by any who are not yet ready to wash a whole house. Famous Crystal Palace The Crystal Palace was built in 1852-53 in New York city's Bryant park, east of Sixth avenue, between 40th and 42nd streets. The build- ing, constructed of iron and glass, had a ground plan in the form of a Greek cross, 365 feet in diameter. President Pierce and a number of distinguished guests participated in the ceremony, when it was opened July 14, 1853, with the first World's Fair in America. The Palace was purchased by the American Institute on December 4, 1855, for $125,000. A large charity ball was held there April 8, 1858. The, city authorities took possession of it on May 31 of the same year and the following October 5 it was de- stroyed by fire. All the statuary, paintings and articles on exhibition were destroyed, the loss being esti- mated at over $1,500,000. Wrap Meat Before Freezing If meat is frozen and is to be used as fresh meat, each piece should be wrapped in waxed paper to pre- vent evaporation. Layers of steaks or sausages may also be placed in a box with a sheet of waxed paper between each layer, The paper comes off easily when the meat be- gins to thaw. When meat ls frozen under average conditions all the cell walls rupture; consequently it is necessary to prevent evaporation or loss' of the extractives from the meat.. Quick freezing, however,_ does not break these cells. After thawing it is well to sear the meat as soon as possible before cooking. Many times this precaution is not taken and the meat is found to be somewhat dry and tasteless. , Due to the loss of the juices from the meat in the process of cooking, a splen- did gravy is produced. They. Speak Malagasy The 30 or more Madagascar tribe's speak a common tongue --Malagasy —with variations. But they have, numerous religions. They have no organized priesthood, no temples. They smashed their idols long ago. ln' general, they worship their an- cestors, tribal demons, and a su- preme being. Christianity has made wide gains. Australia Is Well Able To Supply Some Needs Since Australia. is in the Southern hemisphere, its climate is cool to the' south, warm to the north. ` In posi- tion, its northernmost reaches are to be compared to the north coast. of South America, while its southern regions are like those around Wash- ington, D. C., and rnid-California.' The country, reaching into the trop- ics, is able to produce much that the United States has to import. There is no shortage of sugar. Australia grows its own cane on an. eastern coastal strip of 20,000 square miles. More than half the sugar produced, or nearly a half million tons, was, formerly exported. The continent produced a 40 mil- lion dollar fruit crop, including, in addition to apples, pears and peaches, such fruits as oranges, lemons, grapefruit, pineapples, olives, figs and bananas. More than half of its 72 million cans of fruit were exported each year. Australia's wool ,clip is about a billion pounds a year, ,.Great Britain was the largest wool buyer, with Belgium and France in recent' years replacing Japan in second place. United States purchases have varied from 300,000 to •nearly a hundred million pounds. Accordingly, the problem of uni- forms for the AEF can also be solved in Australia, where the mills produce over 30 million yards of cloth and 18 million pairs of socks a year. As for footwear, the great herds of cattle assure an abundance of raw material for Australia's more than 200 shoe factories, geared to pro- duce about 20 million pairs a year. Many American Trees Holding American Past Many of America's trees are un- witting repositories of the nation's history. Thousands of trees have con- cealed under their bark objects of metal, glass and stone, many of which may be identified with Amer- ica's historical development. One of the commonest finds of metal "evidence" in the eastern part of the country are bullets and cannon -balls which went "wild" in the course of early battles and bom- bardments. Also found in trees are nails and spikes, bottles, knives, stones, and Indian arrowheads. Experts clearing telephone and telegraph lines of excess tree growth have found, not infrequently, large glass wire insulators completely concealed from sight by overgrown bark. And in many cases tree repair men have been the unsuspecting discoverers of love epistles, deposit- ed in tree cavities but unfound or uncalled for through the years. If the metal of all kinds concealed in the nation's trees were brought to light, another Normandie or Queen Mary might be built to help Uncle Sam in his fight against the Axis powers. • Today's Soldiers Taller, Heavier An increase in both weight and stature distinguish the modern American soldier from the average citizen -soldier who entered the army in' 1917, it is revealed by the war de. partment following a' study of med- ical records. In 1917 the average man entering the army was 67.49 inches in height, but the records show the present soldier is 68.19 inches tall. This constitutes an in- crease of 0.7 of an inch. The aver- age weight. of the 1917 soldier was 141.5 pounds, whereas the man en- tering the army today tips the scales at an average of 151.3 pounds, an increase of '9.8 pounds. Painting Concrete Terraces Concrete terraces can often be made more attractive by coloring them with stains manufactured espe- cially for the purpose. For best re- sults the concrete should first be washed thoroughly with. washing soda or tri -sodium phosphate in or- der to remove any grease. This so- lution is made by dissolving a pound or a pound and a half of the chemi- cal in a gallon of water. After clean- ing the surface, it should be care- fully rinsed with water and given two days m which to dry before applying the concrete stain. Walking 'Laboratories' Postmen and policemen in the na- tion's capital are acting as walking laboratories., for the government, so that millions of pedestrians through- out the country can obtain good rubber heels for the duration. The OPA consumer division has an- nounced that many members of the Washington post office and police department have consented . to pound their beats on reclaimed rub- ber heels which. the division is test- ing for quality and durability. The raw material for these heels is scrap. rubber collected from the nation's junkyards and attics and then re- processed. Two -Way Radio for Police Rapid development of two-way 'ra- dio inmunicipal police departments showed that more than 45 per cent oq the cities now have this facility. In 1941 the figure was 35,5 per cent and hi 1940 only 26 per cent. Eighty- one per of all police cars have some radio equipment, as compared With approximately 75 per cent in 1941. The nuniber of cities with adio equipment for mtorcycles;also rea ed—'fromcent }27.9 per c to 31. �c a1 Per cent of the cities reporting. Farm Construction Worl'r Under County War Boards The War Production board's re- cent order calling a halt to non- essential onessential construction" has been mailed to the county U. S. depart- ment of agriculture war boards who will assume local responsibility for the execution of the order as its provisions affect farmersand han- dle all farm construction applica- tions. Construction will be recommend- ed by war boards only when it is absolutely necessary to reach agri- cultural goals, advises Charles A. Collins of Moorestown, chairman of the New Jersey USDA war board. This is consistent with the intent of the order, which is to stop un- necessary construction of all kinds, he states. County war boards will handle all applications for construction on which farmers need approval. In general, this will cover dwelling con- struction costing $500 or more dur- ing any 12 -month period, and any other farm construction which costs more than $1,000 during a similar period. After the county USDA war board approves a farmer's construction application, it is sent to the state USDA war board where it is acted upon by a committee. If approved by this group, it is forwarded to the administrator of Conservation Order L-41 of the War Production board at Washington, where final action is taken on the application. Farmers who wish to make pur- chases of materials for exempted construction from dealers who may be reluctant to sell materials be- cause they lack information about the order or other causes, should attach to their -purchase orders the following statement: "I am familiar with the provisions of Conservation Order L-41. The materials will not be used in connection with restricted construction." This will cover con- struction started before April 9, 1942, material for repair and main- tenance, farm dwelling construction costing less tan $500, and other farm construction costing less than $1,000 during a 12 -month period. Successful Rat Control Needs Intelligent Action Successful control of rats is a mixture of determination to get rid of them and observation of their feeding and nesting habits. From this position the next step is to choose bait rats will take readily, because no poison however destructive will be effective unless the rats eat it. On that account at least three types of fresh, attractive poisoned bait should be exposed at the same time. Small pieces should be placed in ratrunways, and around the wall line of buildings, and in attics and basements. Baits may be laid on squares of paper to make removal easier, and to check results. Extreme care should be taken to keep poisoned bait out of the reach of children and livestock. Similar care should be taken in choosing bait for traps. When com- mon snap traps are used, baits should be tied securely to the trig- ger and the baited end set to the wall, in runways, near holes, and where rats feed. Nut meats, sliced apple, breadcrust, salt pork, or ba- con rind make good bait. Standard Time Aot, No established standards of rime existed in this country prior to 1883 when the railroads adopted the four time zones now in use. Generally influenced by local railroad time, each state or municipality adopted one of those standards by statute, ordinance or public sentiment. No federal law respecting standard time was enacted until March 19, 1918, when the standard time act created time . zones for the United States and Alaska and authorized the Interstate Commerce commis- sion to define the limits of each zone. Congress is empowered un- der the commerce and the weights and measures clauses of the Con- stitution to fix the standard• time to be observedin, the. United States for all purposes, but has never com- pletely exercised this power. Refinishing Imitation Leather If the surface of the covering is not too badly worn artificial leather upholstery can be successfully paint- ed. In the first place, a good clean- ing by washing with a mild soap is required to remove all possible grease or wax. Then wipe off with denatured alcohol. Touch up the worn spots"`first with japan or auto enamel and then go over the entire surface. It is of importance that each coat is applied very thin—rath- er two coats than one heavy one— and that plenty of time is allowed between coats. The final finishing is done with either a high grade chair - seat varnish or pure 'shellac. Safety for Industrial Plants Manufacturers, plant, mill and factory owners are being enjoined to co-operate in a safety- drive by using paint of contrasting colors on dangerous machinery. It is urged that consideration be given the safety value of painting machinery so that its color will contrast with the naterial or metal being worked on, also that walls and floors be painted. in light colors to utilize' all illumi- nation, In this way, dangerous working parts :would, stand Out dis- tinctly,,'and the chance of accidents. caused by poor visibility would be reduced. r Investigators Find Thati • Milkweed Is Defense Need Milk weed, •a plantwhich every- body regarded as a wortless Meed, has become a vital defense material, At a recent conference held at Chicago with Dr. Boris Berkman, who holds the basic patent on the ginning process and the manufac- ture`of many' useful articles from milkweed, it was decided to con- struct, a plant in Michigan which calls for the processing of about a million pounds of milkweed floss. It is estimated that •growers in that region will be paid about $200,000 for their first year's crop of milk - ,weed. It has been indicated that finan- cial assistance will be available from the navy department for the construction and the operation of this new 'defense industry. The fiber, it is reported, can re- place kapok, which has been im- ported from Java, Ceylon, the Dutch East Indies, and lands now con- quered or menaced by the spread of Jap invasion. In experimental tests it has been found that one pound of milkweed floss has enough buoyancy to sus- tain 50 pounds of weight and that a life jacket containing two or three pounds of floss will hold up a man in the water for some 100 hours. The first year or two nothing but wild milkweed will be available for this new factory, but it is hoped that plantings will be made and the weed cultivated. New York Farmers Plan Ahead and Save Labor Several ways in which New York farmers are saving labor without working faster, harder, or longer hours, are cited by Dr. Van B, Hart of the agricultural economics de- partment at Cornell. They take time to plan ahead. For example, they figure out what is to be done_tomorrow if expected weather prevails, and what each person will do if the weather changes. They have a blackboard or pad hanging in the barn to keep a list of "rainy -day" jobs. They ask themselves, in regard to such jobs as milking, feeding, and cleaning stables, these questions: Can we save on unnecessary travel? Do we waste any motions? Do we do unnecessary jobs? Would it pay to have other labor-saving equip- ment and can it be obtained? Are forks, shovels, feed carts kept in the most convenient places? How much water is carried to livestock? Are feed boxes, chutes, doors, gates conveniently located and equipped to save labor? They do not do things inefficiently because "it has always been done that way." They do things on time. Increased use of weeders when the weeds have just sprouted or are small, for ex- ample, is one way to save labor, grow more ensilage corn, and less weeds. 'Dixie' Origins The name source of "Dixie" is obscure but three origins have been suggested: One, that it was a cor- ruption of Dixon in the Mason and Dixon line, the popular name for the division between the North and the South. Another, that it referred to a generous and kindly planter named Dixie or Dixey, who owned a large number of slaves on Man- hattan island before the abolition of slavery in New York, These slaves, in later years, looking back at their happy times at Dixie's made the name synonymous with Utopia. The flaw in this suggestion is- that,, if true, Dixie would be -associated originally with the North while the early songs actually expressed a longing' for the Southland. The third theory is that Dixie came from the French "dix," which was printed on $10 banknotes issued by the Banque de Citoyens de la Louisianne in New Orleans. These banknotes popular- ly were called "dixies" and the bank known as "Dixie's bank." Eventually it was applied to the en- tire South. Eight Charity Degrees Moses ben Maimon (Maimonides), Jewish teacher, philosopher, astron- omer and physician (1135-1204) taught that "There are eight ,de- grees or steps in the duty of char- ity" The last, or eighth degree reads: "The most meritorious of all is to anticipate charity by pre- venting poverty; namely, to assist the reduced fellow -man, either by a considerable gift, or a sum of money, or by teaching him a trade, or by putting him in the way of busi- ness, so that he may earn an hon- est livelihood, and not be forced to the dreadful alternative of holding out his hand for charity. This is the highest step and the summit of charity's golden ladder." Painted,Doorknobs Unique Note With most metal accessories no -onger obtainable, painted' door- knobs and keyhole plates add a note of unique decoration to many rooms and are especially welcomed when the fixtures are old and worn look- ing. Coat them first with enamel and, when dry, apply the design With a fine camel's hair brush. Col- ors or black and white may be used as preferred, and the decoration should, of course, be in keeping with the room scheme. Flowers' or Old, English initials are :attractive in living or bedroom, and -a boat,: pilots Wheel, or rather sporting motif" ties in 'well with ,a game room. Expert Tells How to Save Tractor Gasoline A farm machinery expert at the Pennsylvania State college ex- plained how large amounts of gaso- line can be saved by the efficient operation of tractors., One tractor operator doing the. same work as another can use one- third more gasoline unless certain operation . rules are followed,ac- cording to A. W. Clyde, professorof agricultural engineering. He lists tree rules for the ef- ficient operation of internal combus- tion engines: 1. Burn gasoline under high -com- pression only. 2. Readjust the carburetor for light work. 3. Reduce the engine speed for partial loads. Heavy fuels, Professor Clyde says, such as kerosene and similar petro- leum products, cause knocking and loss of power in high compression engines, but they may be entirely suitable for use in low compression tractors even though the fuel is not entirely burned. The Penn State specialist claims that a vacuum wiper mechanism attached to the manifold of a tractor is one of the best indicators of ef- ficient operation. It works best un- der high vacuum in the manifold which goes with low compression in the cylinders, and stops with, nearly a full load. This is the principle -a mystery to most motorists—of why the auto- mobile windshield wiper stops when the oar is going uphill. The wiper stops because the engine is carrying all the load it can handle. Not all carburetors require re- adjustment to different loads, Clyde points out. Some have automatic compensating devices, and the prac- tical operator will try his machine out to see how it operates under all conditions. Immunization of Horses Important War Measure Horses may be knocked out of their comeback as a wartime source of power unless they are immunized against sleeping sickness before the end of June. An improved intradermal vaccina- tion is now available for protecting horses against the disease, it was announced. Two doses seven to ten days apart are necessary. Vaccina- tion immunizes for the summer sea- son. Since the disease is apparently spread by insects and no one is able to predict its prevalence, the safest source is to vaccinate all horses be- fore the end of .Tune. Healthy horses need not be withheld from work be- cause of vaccination. Immunizing horses against the disease is more economical and more satisfactory than treating them. However, in case horses are not immunized, they should be watched, daily during• the summer 'and the local veterinarian called promptly to administer anti -sleeping sickness serum if symptoms develop. In the early stages of the disease the serum is valuable, but is of little worth in advanced stages. Approx- imately 25 per cent of the horses that develop the disease die. cs Nathan Hale Sketch Nathan Hale, Revolutionary patri- ot, who at 21 lost his life in the serv- ice of his country, was born in Con- necticut on Tune 6, 1755. After he was graduated from Yale he taught school until the outbreak of the Revolutionary war. Ile rose to the rank of captain and when George Washington asked for a volunteer to penetrate the enemy's line to obtain information about its strength and designs, Hale offered himself. Disguised as a Dutch school teacher. he obtained the information and had nearly reached his own picket line when he was discovered. Taken -be- fore General Howe, he was con- demned to death the following morning -September 22, 1776. Just before he was hanged he uttered his immortal wards: "1 only regret that I have but one life to give for my country." .1 Drink Milk and Vinegar All one has to do to remember things is to drink goat's milk and vinegar, says Robert Nicholl, called the human encyclopedia of Belfast, Northern Ireland. , This 32 -year-old memory wizard has memorized the answers to 31,541 questions. A test failed to stump him. The day the First World war started, the day it ended, the birthdays of George Ber- nard Shaw and Gary Cooper he rat- tles off without hesitation. He can tell the day of the week for any date running back hundreds of years. When asked what anniver- sary the day of the test recalled he said that Jack London died on that date 25 years before. He was correct every time. Stradivarius Violins The earliest violins known to have been made by Antonio Stradivari- us are inscribed Antonius Stradi- uarius Cermonensis Alumnus Nico- lar Amati, Faciebat Anno (the date), followed by the Maltese cross and the initials A. S. enclosed within a double circle. On later instruments "Fecit appears instead of Facie - bat" and his name is spelled Stradi- Varius, the change from u to v hav- ing been made about 1730. There have been so many excellent fini- tatlons of the genuine Stradivarius that the expert knowledge of a con, noisseur ,is, required, to determine the authenticity of an instrument after careful examination, s Early Buying of Coal Is Aid to War Effort If by September 1 every coal bin, is filled and every coal dealer's; yard is well stocked it will be a. major contribution to the war effort. Homeowners . are urged to place - their orders for next winter's coal, immediately in order to permit rail- roads to haul the maximum tonnage of war goods later in the year; Homeowners furthermore are• urged to store every ton of coal they can take and, if space is avail able, to build extra bins, Prices are almost sure to be high-;- er in the fall and winter. They will' riot be lower. The following suggestions for the: safe storage of coal are offered by- the ythe bureau: 1. Do not store coal near any` external sources of heat such as: steam pipes. 2. While coal maybe safely piled, to any height without danger, pro viding air is either excluded or al- lowed free circulation, in practice it:• is not advisable to pile coal higher - than 12 to 15 feet. 3. Foreign combustible matter• such as oily rags and paper should. not be permitted to become mixed, with coal which is being stored. 4. Do not permit old coal to ac - cumulate in corners or on the bot-• tom of piles or bins. In order to assist retail coal deal- ers in immediately building up their stocks of coal in excess of present normal requirements, the RFC has set up a plan to provide loans to retailers on all coal shipped. from producing mines prior too August 1. 1 . Valley Forge Chapel Was Founded by a Minister - The Washington Memorial chapel• at Valley Forge was founded by a Philadelphian, the late Rev. W. Her- bert Burk, the Protestant Episcopal' minister, who for 30 years was its rector. When he was stationed in: Norristown he became interested in, the idea of a chapel at Valley Forge, and in 1903 he preached his now - famous sermon at All Saints' church - in Norristown, recommending the establishment of this church as a, "memorial to the Church's most. honored son." A hall was obtained. and the first service was held in, Valley Forge on May 17, 1903. Sub-• sequent refusal of use of the hall, led to the erection of a temporary frame chapel, known now as the - Theodore Roosevelt chapel. This. was opened on September 27, 1903, and the next June President Roose- velt made an outstanding address. there. The present chapel site was the gift of Mr. and Mrs. Charles. M. Todd. The cornerstone was laid: June 19, 1903, as part of a national, celebration of the 125th anniversary of the evacuation of Valley Forge by,- Washington and his army. The - founder struggled to raise funds un- til 1914 when Mr. and Mrs; Charles. Custis Harrison began their cam- paign to complete the chapel. In., 1916 it was completed. Cause of Napoleon's Death Napoleon Bonaparte died of tropi-. cal liver inflammation, not of cancer- -as the world has long believed. This: was revealed by Count Felice Pulle, medical scientist of the University- of Rome, 'who made public his con- clusion, the result of lengthy re- searches into the fact and fancy of, the real and legendary Napoleon. Napoleon's complaint could be cured• by modern medicine in 15 days, Count Pulle declared. He said that: the diagnosis of physicians in 1821 that Napoleon, at St. Helena, had died of cancer inherited from his fa- ther was a "political diagnosis" by officials who were unwilling to admit: that the island had an unhealthy climate. Count Pulle asserted: "With injection of extract of root of - ipecac and modern tropical medi- cine he probably would have lived to., an old age and the present map sf Europe might be different." No Profit, Pays Dividends 'Trains no longer run on the- Clogher Valley tram in Northern Ireland, which ceased to exist of- ficially January 1, 1942. Although a. 5 per cent dividend was guaranteed "forever" when the line was opened in 1887, it never made a profit. When the Northern Ireland government was faced with the problem of closing the road the Tyrone county council was required to pay, the divi- dend and the stockholders will con- tinue to get their money. The rail- way has been a standing joke for many years, with its tiny engines and its many predicaments, espe• cfally lit Fivemiletown, on a market day, when the train would be held up for many minutes trying to get through congested street traffic. First Dining Car The dining car was introduced in 1863 on the Philadelphia, Wilming• ton & Baltimore railroad (now part of the Pennsylvania railroad) on the run between Philadelphia and Balti. more. There were two of these early dining cars, which were remodeled day coaches. Unlike today, the food was prepared at the terminal sta. tions and placed on the cars imme. diately before the departure of the trains. These were used for about three years and in 1867 George M, Pullman presented his "hotel car," which was a sleeping car equipped' with kitchen and dining facilities, The first Pullman -built car devoted entirely to restaurant purposes war the 1beimonico, operated on the Chi cage) & Alton railroad in 1868.