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HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe Clinton News Record, 1942-04-09, Page 6PAGE 6 AGRIGULURiE CARRIED ON BRAVELY IN WARTIME, BRITAIN UNDER DIF}WULTIES (continued from page 3) Quality of Farm Stock Improved Live stock is controlled 'by, the committees as thoroughly as field) crape. For .instarice, an attempt, has been made to weed out inferior cows, lessening the number, while keeping up the milk supply. Sheep are also. considered essential. Hogs have been reduced drastically in numbers. They used much imported! feed. SO did the chickens. Besides', it doesn't take se long to build up their numbers again. As a. result, pork and eggs are very scarce, All owners of poultry flocks with more than 50, birds must sell their eggs to the Government. They get a eertain wheat ration in return, Those with less than 50 hens can disc pose of the eggs as'they Iike. Many town and village families keep a few hens, or even a pig may be kept by a "club," with several neighbors pro- viding scraps and having a share in the hog. The number- of tractors in ;use in Englaned surprised me.' Many of them were made in Canada. Tn a 'country where gasoline and fuel oil are de- cidedly scarce, I did not expect to see so many tractors, but this was. another evidence of the desperate need of food. Private ears have al- most disappeared from the road but tractors are kept going long hours. There is one handicap which those farmers close to airports' or along the ,main roads •suffer, which might not be thought of by one who had not ,seen their countryside. These fields are full of traps for planes and some- times for tanks' as well. These are of several types, but all take up space and it must take time and trouble driving around thein in seeding, till- ing and harvesting operations. Farmers observe the same black- out regulations ae people in towns and cites. I am not sure that this is compulsory, but it is the wise thing to do. There are many instances in earlier months where hostile pilots have seen a gleam of light from a farm and have dropped a bomb on the chance that it might be a factory. There have also been some instances .where farmers) were attacked in day- light raids and their stock machine gunned front the air. Farmers Are Given Protection In many ways, the British farmer is probably better off than ever be- fore. Hist hired man is in the same position. Prices• of all kindly of farm produce are set by the Government high enough to ensure a profit. And wages of farm laborers are also set. When 1 was in England in October, the time was approaching when the minimum farm wages would be set for 1942. The hired men were asking for 60 shillings weekly, and seemed likely to get about 55' shillings, or about $13.00. Farmers' sons, if not entirely ex- empted' from eons'eription, enjoy the eamo standing as munition workers. Farm help is searce, of course. Dur- ing the harvest months last fall, many experienced farmers, now with the Canadian Army in England were sent to farms' near their camps to help out They did a good job. One farmer reports that they were far better than any hired help he could get in his own country, working far Longer hours ungrudgingly,. One of the Women's Auxiliary un- its in Britain is the Women's Land Army. It is not as popular as some of the other branches of the service, possibly because the khaki unifoiin does not look as well as the Air Force or the Women's Royal Naval Ser- vice: Their jobs may lack some of the glamour, too. But there is no doubt about their usefulness. I sup- pose that in some cases theytake the place of hired men, but these I saw seemed to be working in threshing gangs, going from farm to farm, in groups. There is some grouching and con,- plaining, of course. We heard one poultry farmer say that he was al- most out of business, in spite of the scarcity of eggs. He could net get enough feed for his rather large flock., TIIE CLINTON NEWS -RECORD • 'Pasteur Ensyme' New f 'Traffic Cop' for Foods The chemical identification of a cellular "traffic cop," which directs the human body's utilization of food along the smooth and efficient road of respiration instead of the energy - wasting detour.of fermentation, was announced by Dr. Kurt G. Stern of the Yale university school of medi- cine. Without this strategic biological substance, Dr. Stern declared in his address at the meeting of the New York section of the American Chemical society, each adult would have to consume the daily equivalent of 10 loaves of bread. Dr. Stern and his research asso- ciates, Dr. Joseph L. Melnick and Delafield DuBois, named the newly identified substance the "Pasteur enzyme" in honor of Dr. Louis Pas- teur, who in 1861 discovered an anti - fermentation effect while carrying out his experiments on yeast and the fermentation of beer. In the cells of the human body fermenta- tion converts sugar into lactic acid instead of alcohol. A possible new: insight into the i r chemical riddle of Cance was hint- ed by Dr. Stern in recalling the discovery several years ago by Dr. Otto Warburg, Nobel Prize winner in medicine, that tumor cells are especially active in fermenting su- gar into lactic acid. He suggested that this might be due to a shortage of the newly identified Pasteur en -1 zyme. In spite of.. the fact that some tumor strains can derive all the en- ergy they need from respiration," Dr. Stern pointed out, "they may form as much as their own weight in lactic acid per day, provided that they are furnished the necessary sugar." A sufficient supply of the Pasteur enzyme, he argued, might prevent this diversion of the normal food supply. And he didn't think the distribution of eggs was well carried •out,some of them going bad. In other cases, the county committees evidently guese, wrong. As so often happens with farm produce, an article that is scarce -one year will be overgrown the next. In the spring of 1941, onions were sel- dom to he had at any price. Last,fail, there were too many onions. and 'a danger that some would rot. Vegetables, were plentiful and they helped fill out y a meal in Brit - Sin in the pant few months. Literally millions of persons ware growing vegetables in their private gardens or "allotments." They had sa'arifioed many of their flowers., though, nearly' every garden still had rases, and the blooms in September and even in Oc- tober must have cheesed snarly Eng- liah' eyes as, they did those of a 'Can - edam visitor. A:bottt the time 1. left England, Prime Minister Olnirchill wrote , to a .mass meeting of farmers and, farm 'workers: Never before . have farmers and farm workers, carridxl such a 'heavy responsiblaity are yon do in is .struggle. Never before have E' you responded d to the country's - call as you have done inthie last two years. It is,llus'in; no sm'aIl measure to the efforts you. have made, in, spite of many rliffioul- ties, .that we find aureole( s' today in :a"better position' oto the food front than at any' previous time since the war started. Hair Returned to Normal With New Acid, Claim "Silver threads among the gold" are being turned gold again through daily doses of para-aminobenzoic acid, newest publicized member of the vitamin B family. The hair of gray -headed men and women as elderly as 69 years has been turned back to it normal shade in over 30 cases at Boston City hospital. Suc- cess in 300 other scattered cases was. reported at a recent meeting of the American Chemical society. The newly . identified antigray hair vita- min is found in yeast and liver. Para-aminobenzoic acid is used in synthetic form and costs only around 10 cents a pound in large quantities. It should, . however, be usedundera physician's guidance because: When the 100 -milligram daily doses required to restore hair color are given, blood pressure, in some instances, may be raised slightly. Despite this possible disad- vantage no toxic effects of para- aminobenzoic acid have been , ob- served. The antigray hair research has been conducted by the Warner Institute for Therapeutic Research and the International Vitamin cor- poration of New York city. • Best -Seller Diamond thel Bernstein' handles a million dollars worth of diamonds a year. She is a buyer for one of New York's wholesale diamond dealers, ' and is one of the,few women in the United States entrusted with large-scale buying of the costly gems. Twenty years ago Mrs. Bernstein began in a routine office job, fell in love with the sparklers and Worked her way into the buyer's chair. Now you can see her any week -day with a blaek-rimmed loupe (magnifying glass) screwed into one eye, twirling the diamonds in her steel tweezers, above a big white paper square. She never touches with her hands a stone she is inspecting and buys only in the morning in a clear, cold north light. Best-seller diamond of all time, she says, is the round engagement soli- taire. THURS.,'APRIL 9,1942, in General Eighteen -Dollar Wage Weekly Enough, Say Girls Eighteen dollars a week is a quite adequate salary for working girls, according to the women themselves, Interviews with 5,000 working girls in thelower wage brackets, earning an average of $18.21 a week, has just been, completed by the Bu- reau of Business Research at the University of Southern California and reveals this to be a majority opinion. About 88 per cent said they were making enough to maintain a de. oen standard of living. And of those who said they needed more money, 92 per cent were making in excess of the average wage. Most of the women said they were well clothed, with 9 per cent claim- ing they were always in need of clothes. "The higher wage group com- plained more about the need for clothes than the minimum wage earners," pointed out Dr. Thurston II. Ross, director of the bureau. "That is, those who spent most mon- ey for clothes seemed to be in great- est need for them at all times, while those who spent least had no com- plaints to make with respect to the quality and quantity of their clothes." The purpose of the survey, Dr. Ross stated, was to find out what these women spend money 'for and how much they spend on the various items. A typical yearly expenditure rec- ord for other items disclosed that street dresses ($33.75), transporta- tion ($46.12), amusements ($20.40), and stockings ($19.32) made the most sizeable bite into the remain- der. Popular Pilots Most popular men in Britain are the ferry pilots who never fly a plane across the Atlantic without stuffing their pockets full of silk stockings for the girl .friends. `.Of the 5,000 persons questioned—about evenly divided as to sex—only 250 bought overcoats, 'about half the ` women and half the men bought stockings and socks, respectively; only 20 per cent of the: people bought under- wear (miners bought more under- wear than anyone else); about 10 per cent of the men bought suits, another 20 per cent bought pants only and the men under 50 went as wild as the girls did on stockings —but the men bought ties, scarves and shirts. • Portuguese Monarchy The turn of the Twentieth cen- tury marked the downfall of many. tnonarchi'eb in Europe. In Portugal, however; where the revolution of 1910• expelled Alfonso and the .royal family for all time, the ascendency of the monarchial line in 1640 is still celebrated. The stamp issued in 1940 to com- memorate the 300th anniversary of the monarchy, bears a likeness of King. John IV, duke of Braganza. As leader of the patriotic party, the duke succeeded in 1640 in ex - pelting' the Spanish usurpers' and making himself king, after the country had been 60 years under the 'vctke'of' Snain.-- Perfect Mark Necessary s, In Work -Study Schools A perfect mark of 100 per cent in arithmetic tests'is the passing grade for pupils in the work-study classes of some New York city high schools, lit has been disclosed in the annual report of the board of education's division of co-operative education. A mark of 99.9 per cent is not good enough for these students of Julia Richman, Textile and New- ! town high schools, who alternate weeks of classes with weeks of work inprivate business. In the latest examinations, 267 of the 1,273 pupils passed the tests with perfect marks and the remain-. ' ing 79 per cent with marks ranging anywhere from 0 to 99 per cent were rated as unsatisfactory. 'However, the report said the percentage of students with perfect grades in- creased with each school term. Of the four term pupils who took the test, 12.3 per cent made 100 per cent; in the fifth term, 15.3. per cent passed; in the sixth term, 22 per cent; in the seventh term, 22,3 per cent, and in the eighth term, 34 per cent. These special examinations in practical arithmetic were started in 11934 to impress students with the fact that business men demanded of their employees complete accuracy in figures, not 65 or 70 per cent as is the case in most schools. The tests are given four times a school :year and failure in them does not necessarily mean that students will fail for the year's work. "The results made in these tests are not entirely satisfactory," the report said, "but there is a definite improvement in the upper terms, showing that practice and being 'arithmetic . conscious' bring im- provement." Buy Quality Soaps Under U. S. Specifications Buy your toilet soap to U. S. gov- eminent specifications on a price basis, if you wish to secure a good quality soap at the lowest price. To comply with federal specifica- tions a soap must be pure and can- not contain an excess of free fatty acid nor alkali, which may irritate the skin. Further, it cannot con- tain an excess of matter insoluble in alcohol or water. The purity of a soap is judged more or less by the percentage soluble in water. The smaller the insoluble portion, the better the soap. In making soap, fats and oils .are treated with caustic soda (lye) and unless this is washed out it re- mains in the finished product as free alkali. To offset this danger, too much free fatty acid is some- times left in the soap. The most important requirement for a good toilet soap is that it should have no excessive free alkalinity.. Sodium chloride or salt is used in the soap -making process and is also an impurity which should not' appear in the finished product. The two main types of soap are framed or floating and milled. Framed soaps contain about 25 per cent of moisture when new and dis- solve more rapidly in use than do milled soaps which contain about 10 per cent moisture. Cats Get Pyorrhea Wrong feeding often is at the root of many digestive ailments in cats. Then again some cats, like people, may be born with weak stomachs. Digestive diseases in cats run all the way from pyorrhea to piles, and in- clude stomatities, which is an in- flammation of the mouth, .pharyngi tis (sore throat) and colic, dyspep- sia, hairballs in the stomach, worms, gastritis, toxemia, infectious enteritis,. colitis' and several others. Constipation, while not so much a disease as a condition, is likely to cause toxemia. Diarrhea is really a symptom, hardly a disease. A chill may bring on gastritis. Entertis, which is an inflammation of the terial invasion. However, it must not be forgotten that the well- fed cat is best able to resist illness. Manchus Invaded China Among those who have invaded China in the past are the Manchus. Three centuries ago they came in from the north and conquered the country. A Manchu took over the throne of China and ruled as em- peror. After him came many oth- er Manchu th-er.Manchu emperors and they kept power until a revolution brought about a republic, While the Manchus were in power there came into being a great number of public officers known as kwans or kuans. That is what the Chinese called them. In the outside world they 'came to be known as mandarins, a came from the Hindu language. There were nine kinds, or grades, of mandarins. They often were rich and some were greatly feared •' by the plain people. Electricity Influences Living Nerve Tissues Suggestion that electric surges and oscillations in space, produced by thunderstorms and even radio waves, in some ways influence the nerves of the body is made in a n ethe ficial bul- letin d report to o letin of the merican Psychological association by Dr. Joseph A. Gen- gerelli, University of California, a Los Angeles psychologist. The scientist disclosed that he suc- ceeded in twitching and contracting the leg muscles of an animal by distant electrical surges. The experiments imitate the con- ditions of a thunderstorm. The ex- periments were so arranged that electrical power was not sent into the nerves. through wires, plates or any other method of contact. Metal plates, however, were set up at certain distances above and below, but not touching, the living nerve and muscle samples. The metal- plate represents the clouds and .the ground which be- come heavily charged with positive and negative- electrical particles, and when these particles rush to- ward one another, lightning occurs. At present nothing is known about such effects of remote electrical forces, and their swings, upon man's nerves. Broiled Foods Broiled foods are among the most healthful of all the cooked foods. By :thismethod ,of cooking we, pre- serve food values more easily and surely than by many other meth- ods. The direct flame of the broiler may be graduated to the desired in- tensity for the job to be done. And the distance from the flame is de- pendent upon the thickness of the food to be broiled. In the well-designed broiler we find the smokeless type of broiler pan. This means that the •excess fat drops away. from the food elimi- nating the deadly disintegrationof frying. And the smoke consuming flames do away with cooking fumes as well. ^+ Synthetic 'Silk -Like' Scientists are busily at work "mining" new synthetic silk -like fibers out of test -tubes just as they have already donewith nylon which —when all is said and done—comes from coal; air and water, its raw materials. Big things are going on in the field of the formerly much -despised cot- ton hosiery, rayon hose is booming. And mixtures of cotton, wool, rayon, and silkare going into grand -looking —if not glamorous—woolen hose for the comingwinter months. Then, too, the chemists who con- coct the elaborate makeup creams and powders for your faces, are do- ing tricks with leg cosmetics so that the more daredevil among you can "paint" on your stockings each morning if you wish. Runs with this kind of cosmetic hose are easy to conquer, only you go to a beauty parlor for touch-up Job instead of getting out the needle and thread. It's just like a dented fender job on an automobile. Geochemistry Detects Oil It is estimated that seismographic exploration paved the way for suc- cessful production in 33 per cent of the oil wells drilled, and it is the expectation of the geochemist that the new science, geochemistry, 50 per cent or more of new drilling will be productive. The experts believe that with further improvements, geochemistry will make possible the discovery of all unknown petroleum reserves ,that yet remain in 'the earth. Fuel and lubricants are the most important products of petrole- am. But petroleum is the raw ma- terial on which dozens of new indus- tries are being founded. More Indians 'In Money' Another large group of Oklahoma Indians have suddenly become wealthy with oil money. The discovery of a new oil field el Apache, Okla., has found many plains Indian families in the money. Most of them are members of the Apache, Kiowa and Comanche tribes. A majority are considered 'restrict- ed Indians. This means, they are prohibited- from disposing of their land without permission from the federalgovernment. a The first flow of cashinto the In- lian communities has been lease money. Royalties are extracted to follow. `. Scientist Says, the' Sun Is Going to Be Hotter Prof. Augustus H. Fox of Union college, itt bis .recent Sigma Xi'lec- ture,, said that the sun creates its heat by consuming some of the mass of its hydrogen atoms while trans. forming them, into helium on a car. bon nucleus, and up to the present time has used up only 1 per cent of its available hydrogen. This does not mean, says Profes- sor Fox, that the sun will continue to • shine for 100 times the length of its past history. As the process. continues it increases its intensity, so that while only 1 per cent of the hydrogen was consumed during the first x,000,000,000 years, the re- maining 99 per cent will be con- sumed in 10,000,000,000 years. In the meantime the sun will be getting hot- ter instead of cooler. Any increase in the heat of the sun will be developedat such a slow rate, compared with the tempo of life on the earth, that thereis slight probability there will be any measurable increase in temperature on the earth. Eventually we may discover other forces at work balancing any heat- death or cold -death trends, and as- sumethat life on the earth will carry on very much as at present for eons and eons to come. Phone to Have New Ring For 'No Such Number' Absent-minded telephone users, who dial a number that has not been assigned to any subscriber, are soon to hear the wail' of the ban- shees in their ears. The Bell Telephone System has been working a long time to help people overcome their own mistakes. and their new "no -such -number" tone is the latest in a long line of "tunes" thatincludes the "busy" signal, the "ringing" signal and the normal "dial" tone. Under the old system anyone who dialed a number that belonged to no one sat on the end of a "dead" phone until some harassed opera- tor was kind enough to plug in and see what was tying up the lines. Under the new system dialing a wrong number gets either someone you don't want—and who doesn't want you—or you hear the new "no- such -number" tone. This new sound is a series of up and down wailings something like a fire engine or ambulance siren but pitched much lower. It also means you get your nickel back and might just as well, haul out the phone book and start looking up the right num- ber all over again. Silk -Worm Cultivation • An Old Chinese Secret The silkworm can live, and has lived in many parts of the world. Its first home was China, and there it ' toiled for centuries before it found a better place to live. The Chinese, knowing they had a good thing, intended to keep 'it. The penalty for taking the unique worms or their eggsout of the coun- try was death. One story is that the value of the silk cocoon was discovered' by a -Chinese princess who acci- dentally dropped a cocoon in her cup of hot tea. When she lifted ,it out, the gummy substance which binds the fibers had been softened, and the cocoon unraveled readily, yielding its lustrous thread. Wheth- er that is the true story or not, Chinese legend has it that sericul- ture, the cultivationof silkworms, was undertaken on a large scale for the first time by a Chinese prin- cess at the suggestion of her hus- band, something like 2,000 years before Christ. How well the secret was guarded is indicated by the fact that it was about 300 A. D. when the industry spread to Japan and India, and 300 years later be- fore two monks, filling their hollow canes, with eggs, smuggled silk- worms ilkworms to Italy. The silks of the Orient were trad- ed as priceless treasures in the ancient world of the Mediterranean. In Rome, silk was sold for exactly its weight in gold. And silk cul- ture spread. But China remained, until mod- ern times, the land of silk. in 1900 China still was the world's leading producer of silk, with an output twice that of Japan. Shortage of Silk Spurs Making of Substitutes Americans, having failed in colo- nial times to master the care and feeding of silkworms, have devel- oped in recent years new processes of imitating the feel and look of silk in fabrics made out of wood, cotton and coal. The freezing of raw silk stocks, it appears, will give further stimulus to the 'fast -expanding industries, which make silky dresses, uphol- stery, neckties and shirts from such products as rayon, nylon and other synthetics still in process of develop- ment. Washington observers are agreed that the emergency created by the stoppage of American imports of Japanese raw silk will spur tex- tile engineers to redoubled efforts in + their drive to produce the qualities of silk without the aid of the little silkworm. More than 90 per cent of the silk America uses now goes into the kind of stockings women were -fight- ing for in the stores after the gov- ernment's freezing order. The 2,986,146 dozen pairs of nylon full- fashioned hosiery sold in 1940, their first year of production, were 7 per cent of the total full-fashioned sales. Auto Color Choices From the Atlantic to Pacific coast areas there is considerable variation in automobile color choice. While black is still the most popu- lar color throughout the United States as a whole, it ranks no bet- ter than fifth on the Pacific coast. According to a recent analysis of 112,000 sales of a 1941 car, the No. 1 color on the Pacific coast is me- tallic parma wine (maroon), which ran almost twice as strong as me- tallic beige, second highest in popu- larity. A nationwide color survey re- vealed that nationally 21.6 per cent favored black, while only 8.1 per cent of the Pacific coast sales car- ried that color. Parma wine was second choice in the East, but the No. 2 color in the West, metallic beige, was ninth on the East coast and eleventh in the Middle West. On the Pacific coast tropical blue was third, while in the East it was No. 8 color. Synthetic Drug,Stilbestrol , y Recently gynecologists have been keeping an eye on a curious new synthetic drug called stilbestrol. A specific for various disorders, stil- bestrol works like !nature female sex hormones. Natural hormones are costly, and much less effective when given by mouth than by injection. So researchers are constantly look- ing for .a synthetic substitute with- out these drawbacks. It had its trial recently,` proved several times re hnatural potent than hor o m nes and easily absorbable from the stomach. It relieves menopause symptoms, some sick headaches, menstrual disorders; it works with jnsulin to keep down the blood sugar of diabetics; it dries up milk produc- tion in women who cannot nurse their babies. Stilbestrol has one disadvantage: Some women cannot take ample doses without showing. toxin symptoms—vomiting, pains, rashes, or diarrhea.—Time, Chicago. When Buying Wool ' The government has just passed a most important new Wool Prod- ucts Labeling law, designed to give more information and added protec- tion to the buyer. The law now pro- vides that "wool" means virgin, or hitherto unused wool, just as the fibers are produced by nature on the sheep's . back. The individual fibers of "virgin wool" are relatively long, unbroken, and resilient or springy. These characteristics are of im- portance because :they give the fab- ric or blanket woven from .them warmth, lightness, absorption, and, very important, excellent cutting' or tailoring qualities. Because `'virgin wool" fibers . are undamaged, they give utniost protection against tem- perature changes. A""virgin wool". garment holds its shape, does not wrinkle readily, and pesses to its fine original lines. Hugh Williams Lucky Name Perhaps the most remarkable of all coincidences concerns a whole series of shipwrecked men named Hugh Williams, whose miraculous escapes are on record at Lloyd's in London. On December 5, 1664, the sailing ship Menia, crossing the Straits of Dover, capsized in a gale. Of the 81 passengers on board, one only was saved—Hugh Williams, On the very same day of the same month, in 1785, a pleasure craft called the Sea Sprite waas wrecked near the Isle of Man. There were 60 persons aboard, among them one Hugh Williams and his family. Of the three -score passengers, none but the senior Hugh Williams sur- vived. Now comes the most amazing part of this remarkable story; On July 10, 1940, an English trawler struck a German mine. Two of the crew, en uncle and a nephew, each named Hugh Williams, were the only ones rescued, n FloralPatternsBest, e Say the Rug Designer's: Wigmakers, like all needlework- ers, seem to love best the floral pat• terns which give them unusual opo • portunities for creative expression, in line and color. The early American hooked rug. maker was no exception. She trans- ferred snowballs, hollyhocks, tiger) lilies, pansies and roses from thr garden to her hooked rug, but she did not depend altogether upon herr,. free-hand sketching. She made fre.i quent use of her knowledge, of work for ideas for hooking. Ofted the flower you see blooming in the, center of a rug was adapted from' a rose on her sampler or from her+ favorite quilt pattern. 'The grape, vine and carnation frequently came, from her crewel work. We know that diamond-shaped and heart -shaped patterns cut from, heavy paper, cup -plates, saucers, bricks, even the platter on which the Thanksgiving turkey was served,! were grist for the mill which fur- nished her with models for rug de- signs, She used up odds and ends of cloth in "hit or miss," int crazy work patterns or in allover effects based on the shell motifs ! pictured in her ire iry p treasured book oa cross-stitch pattern. h Ore Sleuthing Gives Defense' Vital Metal• U. S. bureau of mines officials re-; port that a corps of 500 technicians and engineers is making "unhoped� for" progress in the nationwide, search for new sources of strategic! metals and minerals needed in de Tense production. In less than two years of explore-, tory work, they said, the experts! not only have made detailed surveysi of known mineral reserves but have! discovered as well numerous new! deposits of some of the most essen tial metals for the defense program! Much of the exploratory work has! dealt with deposits of antimony, chromite, manganese, mercury,! nickel, tin and tungsten found chief.! ly in Arizona, Arkansas, California,, Mex Idaho, Montana, New t , Ne a a v d , lco, Oregon, South Dakota, Utah, Virginia and Washington. Officials emphasized that the chief' purpose of the nationwide study was1 to grade known metal reserves so4 plans for processing subcommeroial; grade ores could be made in ad vance of more pressing needs. In several instances the work of,, the engineers was marked by the; discovery of unsuspected ore de-! posits. Dry, Moist Cooking There are two distinct methods used in meat cookery, known as the ways ofbest cookingthe tender and less tender cuts (no butcher will let you classify any cut as TOUGH!).! The tender cuts of meat are cooked by dry heat, which moans by roast- ing, broiling or pan-broiling, and never think that a less tender cut! may be tenderized by such proc- esses. Tough cuts need moisture and usually long, slow cooking, such as braising, . stewing or simmering, Perhapssome of you are wonder- ing how to tell whether a cut is ten- der and can be cooked by dry heat, 1 or whether it is less tender and should be cooked by moist heat. Those muscles used most by the animal are less tender. As a gen- eral eneral rule, those cuts that lie along the backbone are the very tender ones. In beef, the rib roasts, the club, porterhouse or T-bone, and sir- loin steaks are the ones best Cooked• by dry heat. Locating Gold With Horsetail. Goldbugs have a new prospecting tool: the horsetail weed (Equisetum arvense), which grows abundantly across the If. S..and Canada. When it grows in soil With a gold content, it hungrily absorbs the metal, Hans Terkel Fredet'ik•Lundberg of Toron- to told the American Institute, of Mining and Metallurgical. Engineers that for some time. Canadian pros- pectors had been locating gold by burning•a clump of horsetail, ana- lyzing the ashes. Lack of Sugar History has many times recorded the violence of a hungry mob—the storming of the Bastile during the French revolution and so on. Hun. ger, indeed, changes people's atti- tudes and drives them to do things they normally would not do. Chemically, this urge of hunger and its unsocial consequence is prob- ably due to the lowering of the, amount of sugar in the blood. Eat- ing something, preferably sweets, is an immediate corrective so that Ma- rie Antoinette's oft -quoted statement "Let them eat cake" might have been good medical advice for the mobs of Paris. Unsocial acts from real hunger are easily understood• and recognized, so that juries and judges often do not punish people. who steal from the sheer despera- tion of hunger. What is really dangerous is the. kind of "hidden hunger," called spontaneous hypoglycemia by doc- tors, in which blood sugar becomes. low without hunger symptoms. it Largest Scientific Organization The National Geographic society is the largest scientific and educa- tional organization in the world. Founded in 1888 by a small group of. scientists itt Washington, the society has grown, through the enthusiastic support of its members, to a roster of more than 1,100,000 intelligent. people throughout the United States. and abroad. The purposes of the society are "the increase and diffusion of geo- graphic knowledge." Through its many expeditions the society continues to open numerous new regions, to clear up blind spots on world maps, and to reveal to its members hidden beauties and won- defs of surpassing interest. Famous leaders of the society's. expeditions have carried its flag tc the North and South poles, to the Loftiest height attained in the strati• osphere, and to the greatest depth yet reached below the surface of the ocean. tfy g m o Was He Kidding? • identifying fn . ffi- she difficulty of de cern during blackouts was dealt with by an anonymous inventor in this way: In a lengthy letter to an intelli• gence officer, the writer urged that. sound effects might be used to 'sup- i; Moment the customary visual 'in- signia.',Some of the suggestions: "A general, on pressing a button attached to his belt would make his. presence known by the rolling maj- esty of cathedral chimes, • "Other auditory insignia might in - dude: Majors, a five o'clock witis- ile; second lieutenants, a faint but persistently annoying tinkle; ser. geants,.a lion's roar; corporals, the. sound of a baby crying, and, buck privates,: a long , deathly silence punctuated with a complaint about. something." "The man is kidding," the intelli-. gence officer explained, 'F'