HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe Clinton News Record, 1942-04-09, Page 6PAGE 6
AGRIGULURiE CARRIED ON
BRAVELY IN WARTIME, BRITAIN
UNDER DIF}WULTIES
(continued from page 3)
Quality of Farm Stock Improved
Live stock is controlled 'by, the
committees as thoroughly as field)
crape. For .instarice, an attempt, has
been made to weed out inferior cows,
lessening the number, while keeping
up the milk supply. Sheep are also.
considered essential. Hogs have been
reduced drastically in numbers. They
used much imported! feed. SO did the
chickens. Besides', it doesn't take se
long to build up their numbers again.
As a. result, pork and eggs are very
scarce, All owners of poultry flocks
with more than 50, birds must sell
their eggs to the Government. They
get a eertain wheat ration in return,
Those with less than 50 hens can disc
pose of the eggs as'they Iike. Many
town and village families keep a few
hens, or even a pig may be kept by a
"club," with several neighbors pro-
viding scraps and having a share in
the hog.
The number- of tractors in ;use in
Englaned surprised me.' Many of them
were made in Canada. Tn a 'country
where gasoline and fuel oil are de-
cidedly scarce, I did not expect to
see so many tractors, but this was.
another evidence of the desperate
need of food. Private ears have al-
most disappeared from the road but
tractors are kept going long hours.
There is one handicap which those
farmers close to airports' or along the
,main roads •suffer, which might not
be thought of by one who had not
,seen their countryside. These fields
are full of traps for planes and some-
times for tanks' as well. These are
of several types, but all take up space
and it must take time and trouble
driving around thein in seeding, till-
ing and harvesting operations.
Farmers observe the same black-
out regulations ae people in towns
and cites. I am not sure that this is
compulsory, but it is the wise thing
to do. There are many instances in
earlier months where hostile pilots
have seen a gleam of light from a
farm and have dropped a bomb on
the chance that it might be a factory.
There have also been some instances
.where farmers) were attacked in day-
light raids and their stock machine
gunned front the air.
Farmers Are Given Protection
In many ways, the British farmer
is probably better off than ever be-
fore. Hist hired man is in the same
position. Prices• of all kindly of farm
produce are set by the Government
high enough to ensure a profit. And
wages of farm laborers are also set.
When 1 was in England in October,
the time was approaching when the
minimum farm wages would be set
for 1942. The hired men were asking
for 60 shillings weekly, and seemed
likely to get about 55' shillings, or
about $13.00.
Farmers' sons, if not entirely ex-
empted' from eons'eription, enjoy the
eamo standing as munition workers.
Farm help is searce, of course. Dur-
ing the harvest months last fall,
many experienced farmers, now with
the Canadian Army in England were
sent to farms' near their camps to
help out They did a good job. One
farmer reports that they were far
better than any hired help he could
get in his own country, working far
Longer hours ungrudgingly,.
One of the Women's Auxiliary un-
its in Britain is the Women's Land
Army. It is not as popular as some
of the other branches of the service,
possibly because the khaki unifoiin
does not look as well as the Air Force
or the Women's Royal Naval Ser-
vice: Their jobs may lack some of
the glamour, too. But there is no
doubt about their usefulness. I sup-
pose that in some cases theytake the
place of hired men, but these I saw
seemed to be working in threshing
gangs, going from farm to farm, in
groups.
There is some grouching and con,-
plaining, of course. We heard one
poultry farmer say that he was al-
most out of business, in spite of the
scarcity of eggs. He could net get
enough feed for his rather large flock.,
TIIE CLINTON NEWS -RECORD
•
'Pasteur Ensyme' New
f 'Traffic Cop' for Foods
The chemical identification of a
cellular "traffic cop," which directs
the human body's utilization of food
along the smooth and efficient road
of respiration instead of the energy -
wasting detour.of fermentation, was
announced by Dr. Kurt G. Stern of
the Yale university school of medi-
cine.
Without this strategic biological
substance, Dr. Stern declared in his
address at the meeting of the New
York section of the American
Chemical society, each adult would
have to consume the daily equivalent
of 10 loaves of bread.
Dr. Stern and his research asso-
ciates, Dr. Joseph L. Melnick and
Delafield DuBois, named the newly
identified substance the "Pasteur
enzyme" in honor of Dr. Louis Pas-
teur, who in 1861 discovered an anti -
fermentation effect while carrying
out his experiments on yeast and
the fermentation of beer. In the
cells of the human body fermenta-
tion converts sugar into lactic acid
instead of alcohol.
A possible new: insight into the
i r
chemical riddle of Cance was hint-
ed by Dr. Stern in recalling the
discovery several years ago by Dr.
Otto Warburg, Nobel Prize winner
in medicine, that tumor cells are
especially active in fermenting su-
gar into lactic acid. He suggested
that this might be due to a shortage
of the newly identified Pasteur en -1
zyme.
In spite of.. the fact that some
tumor strains can derive all the en-
ergy they need from respiration,"
Dr. Stern pointed out, "they may
form as much as their own weight
in lactic acid per day, provided that
they are furnished the necessary
sugar."
A sufficient supply of the Pasteur
enzyme, he argued, might prevent
this diversion of the normal food
supply.
And he didn't think the distribution
of eggs was well carried •out,some of
them going bad. In other cases, the
county committees evidently guese,
wrong. As so often happens with farm
produce, an article that is scarce -one
year will be overgrown the next. In
the spring of 1941, onions were sel-
dom to he had at any price. Last,fail,
there were too many onions. and 'a
danger that some would rot.
Vegetables, were plentiful and they
helped fill out y a meal in Brit -
Sin in the pant few months. Literally
millions of persons ware growing
vegetables in their private gardens
or "allotments." They had sa'arifioed
many of their flowers., though, nearly'
every garden still had rases, and the
blooms in September and even in Oc-
tober must have cheesed snarly Eng-
liah' eyes as, they did those of a 'Can -
edam visitor.
A:bottt the time 1. left England,
Prime Minister Olnirchill wrote , to a
.mass meeting of farmers and, farm
'workers:
Never before . have farmers and
farm workers, carridxl such a
'heavy responsiblaity are yon do in
is .struggle. Never before have
E'
you responded d to the country's
-
call as you have done inthie last
two years. It is,llus'in; no sm'aIl
measure to the efforts you. have
made, in, spite of many rliffioul-
ties, .that we find aureole( s' today
in :a"better position' oto the food
front than at any' previous time
since the war started.
Hair Returned to Normal
With New Acid, Claim
"Silver threads among the gold"
are being turned gold again through
daily doses of para-aminobenzoic
acid, newest publicized member of
the vitamin B family. The hair of
gray -headed men and women as
elderly as 69 years has been turned
back to it normal shade in over 30
cases at Boston City hospital. Suc-
cess in 300 other scattered cases was.
reported at a recent meeting of the
American Chemical society. The
newly . identified antigray hair vita-
min is found in yeast and liver.
Para-aminobenzoic acid is used in
synthetic form and costs only
around 10 cents a pound in large
quantities. It should, . however, be
usedundera physician's guidance
because: When the 100 -milligram
daily doses required to restore hair
color are given, blood pressure, in
some instances, may be raised
slightly. Despite this possible disad-
vantage no toxic effects of para-
aminobenzoic acid have been , ob-
served. The antigray hair research
has been conducted by the Warner
Institute for Therapeutic Research
and the International Vitamin cor-
poration of New York city.
•
Best -Seller Diamond
thel Bernstein' handles a million
dollars worth of diamonds a year.
She is a buyer for one of New York's
wholesale diamond dealers, ' and is
one of the,few women in the United
States entrusted with large-scale
buying of the costly gems.
Twenty years ago Mrs. Bernstein
began in a routine office job, fell
in love with the sparklers and
Worked her way into the buyer's
chair. Now you can see her any
week -day with a blaek-rimmed
loupe (magnifying glass) screwed
into one eye, twirling the diamonds
in her steel tweezers, above a big
white paper square. She never
touches with her hands a stone she
is inspecting and buys only in the
morning in a clear, cold north light.
Best-seller diamond of all time, she
says, is the round engagement soli-
taire.
THURS.,'APRIL 9,1942,
in General
Eighteen -Dollar Wage
Weekly Enough, Say Girls
Eighteen dollars a week is a quite
adequate salary for working girls,
according to the women themselves,
Interviews with 5,000 working
girls in thelower wage brackets,
earning an average of $18.21 a week,
has just been, completed by the Bu-
reau of Business Research at the
University of Southern California
and reveals this to be a majority
opinion.
About 88 per cent said they were
making enough to maintain a de.
oen standard of living. And of those
who said they needed more money,
92 per cent were making in excess
of the average wage.
Most of the women said they were
well clothed, with 9 per cent claim-
ing they were always in need of
clothes.
"The higher wage group com-
plained more about the need for
clothes than the minimum wage
earners," pointed out Dr. Thurston
II. Ross, director of the bureau.
"That is, those who spent most mon-
ey for clothes seemed to be in great-
est need for them at all times, while
those who spent least had no com-
plaints to make with respect to the
quality and quantity of their
clothes."
The purpose of the survey, Dr.
Ross stated, was to find out what
these women spend money 'for and
how much they spend on the various
items.
A typical yearly expenditure rec-
ord for other items disclosed that
street dresses ($33.75), transporta-
tion ($46.12), amusements ($20.40),
and stockings ($19.32) made the
most sizeable bite into the remain-
der.
Popular Pilots
Most popular men in Britain are
the ferry pilots who never fly a plane
across the Atlantic without stuffing
their pockets full of silk stockings
for the girl .friends. `.Of the 5,000
persons questioned—about evenly
divided as to sex—only 250 bought
overcoats, 'about half the ` women
and half the men bought stockings
and socks, respectively; only 20 per
cent of the: people bought under-
wear (miners bought more under-
wear than anyone else); about 10
per cent of the men bought suits,
another 20 per cent bought pants
only and the men under 50 went
as wild as the girls did on stockings
—but the men bought ties, scarves
and shirts.
•
Portuguese Monarchy
The turn of the Twentieth cen-
tury marked the downfall of many.
tnonarchi'eb in Europe.
In Portugal, however; where the
revolution of 1910• expelled Alfonso
and the .royal family for all time,
the ascendency of the monarchial
line in 1640 is still celebrated.
The stamp issued in 1940 to com-
memorate the 300th anniversary of
the monarchy, bears a likeness of
King. John IV, duke of Braganza.
As leader of the patriotic party,
the duke succeeded in 1640 in ex -
pelting' the Spanish usurpers' and
making himself king, after the
country had been 60 years under
the 'vctke'of' Snain.--
Perfect Mark Necessary s,
In Work -Study Schools
A perfect mark of 100 per cent in
arithmetic tests'is the passing grade
for pupils in the work-study classes
of some New York city high schools,
lit has been disclosed in the annual
report of the board of education's
division of co-operative education.
A mark of 99.9 per cent is not
good enough for these students of
Julia Richman, Textile and New-
! town high schools, who alternate
weeks of classes with weeks of work
inprivate business.
In the latest examinations, 267 of
the 1,273 pupils passed the tests
with perfect marks and the remain-.
' ing 79 per cent with marks ranging
anywhere from 0 to 99 per cent were
rated as unsatisfactory. 'However,
the report said the percentage of
students with perfect grades in-
creased with each school term.
Of the four term pupils who took
the test, 12.3 per cent made 100
per cent; in the fifth term, 15.3.
per cent passed; in the sixth term,
22 per cent; in the seventh term,
22,3 per cent, and in the eighth
term, 34 per cent.
These special examinations in
practical arithmetic were started in
11934 to impress students with the
fact that business men demanded of
their employees complete accuracy
in figures, not 65 or 70 per cent as
is the case in most schools. The
tests are given four times a school
:year and failure in them does not
necessarily mean that students will
fail for the year's work.
"The results made in these tests
are not entirely satisfactory," the
report said, "but there is a definite
improvement in the upper terms,
showing that practice and being
'arithmetic . conscious' bring im-
provement."
Buy Quality Soaps Under
U. S. Specifications
Buy your toilet soap to U. S. gov-
eminent specifications on a price
basis, if you wish to secure a good
quality soap at the lowest price.
To comply with federal specifica-
tions a soap must be pure and can-
not contain an excess of free fatty
acid nor alkali, which may irritate
the skin. Further, it cannot con-
tain an excess of matter insoluble
in alcohol or water. The purity of
a soap is judged more or less by the
percentage soluble in water. The
smaller the insoluble portion, the
better the soap.
In making soap, fats and oils .are
treated with caustic soda (lye) and
unless this is washed out it re-
mains in the finished product as
free alkali. To offset this danger,
too much free fatty acid is some-
times left in the soap. The most
important requirement for a good
toilet soap is that it should have no
excessive free alkalinity..
Sodium chloride or salt is used
in the soap -making process and is
also an impurity which should not'
appear in the finished product.
The two main types of soap are
framed or floating and milled.
Framed soaps contain about 25 per
cent of moisture when new and dis-
solve more rapidly in use than do
milled soaps which contain about 10
per cent moisture.
Cats Get Pyorrhea
Wrong feeding often is at the root
of many digestive ailments in cats.
Then again some cats, like people,
may be born with weak stomachs.
Digestive diseases in cats run all the
way from pyorrhea to piles, and in-
clude stomatities, which is an in-
flammation of the mouth, .pharyngi
tis (sore throat) and colic, dyspep-
sia, hairballs in the stomach,
worms, gastritis, toxemia, infectious
enteritis,. colitis' and several others.
Constipation, while not so much a
disease as a condition, is likely to
cause toxemia. Diarrhea is really
a symptom, hardly a disease.
A chill may bring on gastritis.
Entertis, which is an inflammation
of the terial invasion. However, it
must not be forgotten that the well-
fed cat is best able to resist illness.
Manchus Invaded China
Among those who have invaded
China in the past are the Manchus.
Three centuries ago they came in
from the north and conquered the
country. A Manchu took over the
throne of China and ruled as em-
peror. After him came many oth-
er Manchu
th-er.Manchu emperors and they kept
power until a revolution brought
about a republic, While the Manchus
were in power there came into being
a great number of public officers
known as kwans or kuans. That is
what the Chinese called them. In
the outside world they 'came to be
known as mandarins, a came from
the Hindu language. There were
nine kinds, or grades, of mandarins.
They often were rich and some were
greatly feared •' by the plain people.
Electricity Influences
Living Nerve Tissues
Suggestion that electric surges
and oscillations in space, produced
by thunderstorms and even radio
waves, in some ways influence the
nerves of the body is made in a
n ethe ficial bul-
letin
d report to o
letin of the merican Psychological
association by Dr. Joseph A. Gen-
gerelli, University of California, a
Los Angeles psychologist.
The scientist disclosed that he suc-
ceeded in twitching and contracting
the leg muscles of an animal by
distant electrical surges.
The experiments imitate the con-
ditions of a thunderstorm. The ex-
periments were so arranged that
electrical power was not sent into
the nerves. through wires, plates or
any other method of contact.
Metal plates, however, were set
up at certain distances above and
below, but not touching, the living
nerve and muscle samples.
The metal- plate represents the
clouds and .the ground which be-
come heavily charged with positive
and negative- electrical particles,
and when these particles rush to-
ward one another, lightning occurs.
At present nothing is known about
such effects of remote electrical
forces, and their swings, upon man's
nerves.
Broiled Foods
Broiled foods are among the most
healthful of all the cooked foods.
By :thismethod ,of cooking we, pre-
serve food values more easily and
surely than by many other meth-
ods. The direct flame of the broiler
may be graduated to the desired in-
tensity for the job to be done. And
the distance from the flame is de-
pendent upon the thickness of the
food to be broiled.
In the well-designed broiler we
find the smokeless type of broiler
pan. This means that the •excess
fat drops away. from the food elimi-
nating the deadly disintegrationof
frying. And the smoke consuming
flames do away with cooking
fumes as well. ^+
Synthetic 'Silk -Like'
Scientists are busily at work
"mining" new synthetic silk -like
fibers out of test -tubes just as they
have already donewith nylon which
—when all is said and done—comes
from coal; air and water, its raw
materials.
Big things are going on in the field
of the formerly much -despised cot-
ton hosiery, rayon hose is booming.
And mixtures of cotton, wool, rayon,
and silkare going into grand -looking
—if not glamorous—woolen hose for
the comingwinter months.
Then, too, the chemists who con-
coct the elaborate makeup creams
and powders for your faces, are do-
ing tricks with leg cosmetics so
that the more daredevil among you
can "paint" on your stockings each
morning if you wish.
Runs with this kind of cosmetic
hose are easy to conquer, only you
go to a beauty parlor for touch-up
Job instead of getting out the needle
and thread. It's just like a dented
fender job on an automobile.
Geochemistry
Detects Oil
It is estimated that seismographic
exploration paved the way for suc-
cessful production in 33 per cent of
the oil wells drilled, and it is the
expectation of the geochemist that
the new science, geochemistry, 50
per cent or more of new drilling will
be productive. The experts believe
that with further improvements,
geochemistry will make possible the
discovery of all unknown petroleum
reserves ,that yet remain in 'the
earth. Fuel and lubricants are the
most important products of petrole-
am. But petroleum is the raw ma-
terial on which dozens of new indus-
tries are being founded.
More Indians 'In Money'
Another large group of Oklahoma
Indians have suddenly become
wealthy with oil money.
The discovery of a new oil field
el Apache, Okla., has found many
plains Indian families in the money.
Most of them are members of the
Apache, Kiowa and Comanche tribes.
A majority are considered 'restrict-
ed Indians. This means, they are
prohibited- from disposing of their
land without permission from the
federalgovernment. a
The first flow of cashinto the In-
lian communities has been lease
money. Royalties are extracted to
follow. `.
Scientist Says, the' Sun
Is Going to Be Hotter
Prof. Augustus H. Fox of Union
college, itt bis .recent Sigma Xi'lec-
ture,, said that the sun creates its
heat by consuming some of the mass
of its hydrogen atoms while trans.
forming them, into helium on a car.
bon nucleus, and up to the present
time has used up only 1 per cent of
its available hydrogen.
This does not mean, says Profes-
sor Fox, that the sun will continue
to • shine for 100 times the length
of its past history. As the process.
continues it increases its intensity,
so that while only 1 per cent of
the hydrogen was consumed during
the first x,000,000,000 years, the re-
maining 99 per cent will be con-
sumed in 10,000,000,000 years. In the
meantime the sun will be getting hot-
ter instead of cooler.
Any increase in the heat of the
sun will be developedat such a
slow rate, compared with the tempo
of life on the earth, that thereis
slight probability there will be any
measurable increase in temperature
on the earth.
Eventually we may discover other
forces at work balancing any heat-
death or cold -death trends, and as-
sumethat life on the earth will
carry on very much as at present
for eons and eons to come.
Phone to Have New Ring
For 'No Such Number'
Absent-minded telephone users,
who dial a number that has not
been assigned to any subscriber,
are soon to hear the wail' of the ban-
shees in their ears.
The Bell Telephone System has
been working a long time to help
people overcome their own mistakes.
and their new "no -such -number"
tone is the latest in a long line of
"tunes" thatincludes the "busy"
signal, the "ringing" signal and the
normal "dial" tone.
Under the old system anyone who
dialed a number that belonged to
no one sat on the end of a "dead"
phone until some harassed opera-
tor was kind enough to plug in and
see what was tying up the lines.
Under the new system dialing a
wrong number gets either someone
you don't want—and who doesn't
want you—or you hear the new "no-
such -number" tone.
This new sound is a series of up
and down wailings something like a
fire engine or ambulance siren but
pitched much lower. It also means
you get your nickel back and might
just as well, haul out the phone book
and start looking up the right num-
ber all over again.
Silk -Worm Cultivation •
An Old Chinese Secret
The silkworm can live, and has
lived in many parts of the world.
Its first home was China, and there
it ' toiled for centuries before it
found a better place to live. The
Chinese, knowing they had a good
thing, intended to keep 'it. The
penalty for taking the unique
worms or their eggsout of the coun-
try was death.
One story is that the value of
the silk cocoon was discovered'
by a -Chinese princess who acci-
dentally dropped a cocoon in her
cup of hot tea. When she lifted ,it
out, the gummy substance which
binds the fibers had been softened,
and the cocoon unraveled readily,
yielding its lustrous thread. Wheth-
er that is the true story or not,
Chinese legend has it that sericul-
ture, the cultivationof silkworms,
was undertaken on a large scale
for the first time by a Chinese prin-
cess at the suggestion of her hus-
band, something like 2,000 years
before Christ. How well the secret
was guarded is indicated by the
fact that it was about 300 A. D.
when the industry spread to Japan
and India, and 300 years later be-
fore two monks, filling their hollow
canes, with eggs, smuggled silk-
worms
ilkworms to Italy.
The silks of the Orient were trad-
ed as priceless treasures in the
ancient world of the Mediterranean.
In Rome, silk was sold for exactly
its weight in gold. And silk cul-
ture spread.
But China remained, until mod-
ern times, the land of silk. in 1900
China still was the world's leading
producer of silk, with an output
twice that of Japan.
Shortage of Silk Spurs
Making of Substitutes
Americans, having failed in colo-
nial times to master the care and
feeding of silkworms, have devel-
oped in recent years new processes
of imitating the feel and look of silk
in fabrics made out of wood, cotton
and coal.
The freezing of raw silk stocks, it
appears, will give further stimulus
to the 'fast -expanding industries,
which make silky dresses, uphol-
stery, neckties and shirts from such
products as rayon, nylon and other
synthetics still in process of develop-
ment. Washington observers are
agreed that the emergency created
by the stoppage of American imports
of Japanese raw silk will spur tex-
tile engineers to redoubled efforts in
+ their drive to produce the qualities
of silk without the aid of the little
silkworm.
More than 90 per cent of the silk
America uses now goes into the
kind of stockings women were -fight-
ing for in the stores after the gov-
ernment's freezing order. The
2,986,146 dozen pairs of nylon full-
fashioned hosiery sold in 1940, their
first year of production, were 7 per
cent of the total full-fashioned sales.
Auto Color Choices
From the Atlantic to Pacific coast
areas there is considerable variation
in automobile color choice.
While black is still the most popu-
lar color throughout the United
States as a whole, it ranks no bet-
ter than fifth on the Pacific coast.
According to a recent analysis of
112,000 sales of a 1941 car, the No.
1 color on the Pacific coast is me-
tallic parma wine (maroon), which
ran almost twice as strong as me-
tallic beige, second highest in popu-
larity.
A nationwide color survey re-
vealed that nationally 21.6 per cent
favored black, while only 8.1 per
cent of the Pacific coast sales car-
ried that color.
Parma wine was second choice in
the East, but the No. 2 color in the
West, metallic beige, was ninth on
the East coast and eleventh in the
Middle West.
On the Pacific coast tropical blue
was third, while in the East it was
No. 8 color.
Synthetic Drug,Stilbestrol
, y
Recently gynecologists have been
keeping an eye on a curious new
synthetic drug called stilbestrol. A
specific for various disorders, stil-
bestrol works like !nature female sex
hormones. Natural hormones are
costly, and much less effective when
given by mouth than by injection.
So researchers are constantly look-
ing for .a synthetic substitute with-
out these drawbacks. It had its
trial recently,` proved several times
re
hnatural potent than hor o
m nes
and easily absorbable from the
stomach. It relieves menopause
symptoms, some sick headaches,
menstrual disorders; it works with
jnsulin to keep down the blood sugar
of diabetics; it dries up milk produc-
tion in women who cannot nurse
their babies. Stilbestrol has one
disadvantage: Some women cannot
take ample doses without showing.
toxin symptoms—vomiting, pains,
rashes, or diarrhea.—Time, Chicago.
When Buying Wool '
The government has just passed
a most important new Wool Prod-
ucts Labeling law, designed to give
more information and added protec-
tion to the buyer. The law now pro-
vides that "wool" means virgin, or
hitherto unused wool, just as the
fibers are produced by nature on
the sheep's . back. The individual
fibers of "virgin wool" are relatively
long, unbroken, and resilient or
springy.
These characteristics are of im-
portance because :they give the fab-
ric or blanket woven from .them
warmth, lightness, absorption, and,
very important, excellent cutting' or
tailoring qualities. Because `'virgin
wool" fibers . are undamaged, they
give utniost protection against tem-
perature changes. A""virgin wool".
garment holds its shape, does not
wrinkle readily, and pesses to its
fine original lines.
Hugh Williams Lucky Name
Perhaps the most remarkable of
all coincidences concerns a whole
series of shipwrecked men named
Hugh Williams, whose miraculous
escapes are on record at Lloyd's in
London.
On December 5, 1664, the sailing
ship Menia, crossing the Straits of
Dover, capsized in a gale. Of the
81 passengers on board, one only
was saved—Hugh Williams,
On the very same day of the same
month, in 1785, a pleasure craft
called the Sea Sprite waas wrecked
near the Isle of Man. There were
60 persons aboard, among them
one Hugh Williams and his family.
Of the three -score passengers, none
but the senior Hugh Williams sur-
vived.
Now comes the most amazing part
of this remarkable story; On July
10, 1940, an English trawler struck
a German mine. Two of the crew,
en uncle and a nephew, each named
Hugh Williams, were the only ones
rescued,
n
FloralPatternsBest,
e Say the Rug Designer's:
Wigmakers, like all needlework-
ers, seem to love best the floral pat•
terns which give them unusual opo •
portunities for creative expression,
in line and color.
The early American hooked rug.
maker was no exception. She trans-
ferred snowballs, hollyhocks, tiger)
lilies, pansies and roses from thr
garden to her hooked rug, but she
did not depend altogether upon herr,.
free-hand sketching. She made fre.i
quent use of her knowledge, of
work for ideas for hooking. Ofted
the flower you see blooming in the,
center of a rug was adapted from'
a rose on her sampler or from her+
favorite quilt pattern. 'The grape,
vine and carnation frequently came,
from her crewel work.
We know that diamond-shaped
and heart -shaped patterns cut from,
heavy paper, cup -plates, saucers,
bricks, even the platter on which the
Thanksgiving turkey was served,!
were grist for the mill which fur-
nished her with models for rug de-
signs, She used up odds and
ends of cloth in "hit or miss," int
crazy work patterns or in allover
effects based on the shell motifs
!
pictured in her ire iry
p treasured book oa
cross-stitch pattern.
h
Ore Sleuthing Gives
Defense' Vital Metal•
U. S. bureau of mines officials re-;
port that a corps of 500 technicians
and engineers is making "unhoped�
for" progress in the nationwide,
search for new sources of strategic!
metals and minerals needed in de
Tense production.
In less than two years of explore-,
tory work, they said, the experts!
not only have made detailed surveysi
of known mineral reserves but have!
discovered as well numerous new!
deposits of some of the most essen
tial metals for the defense program!
Much of the exploratory work has!
dealt with deposits of antimony,
chromite, manganese, mercury,!
nickel, tin and tungsten found chief.!
ly in Arizona, Arkansas, California,,
Mex
Idaho, Montana, New t , Ne a a v d ,
lco, Oregon, South Dakota, Utah,
Virginia and Washington.
Officials emphasized that the chief'
purpose of the nationwide study was1
to grade known metal reserves so4
plans for processing subcommeroial;
grade ores could be made in ad
vance of more pressing needs.
In several instances the work of,,
the engineers was marked by the;
discovery of unsuspected ore de-!
posits.
Dry, Moist Cooking
There are two distinct methods
used in meat cookery, known as the
ways
ofbest cookingthe tender and
less tender cuts (no butcher will let
you classify any cut as TOUGH!).!
The tender cuts of meat are cooked
by dry heat, which moans by roast-
ing, broiling or pan-broiling, and
never think that a less tender cut!
may be tenderized by such proc-
esses. Tough cuts need moisture
and usually long, slow cooking, such
as braising, . stewing or simmering,
Perhapssome of you are wonder-
ing how to tell whether a cut is ten-
der and can be cooked by dry heat, 1
or whether it is less tender and
should be cooked by moist heat.
Those muscles used most by the
animal are less tender. As a gen-
eral
eneral rule, those cuts that lie along
the backbone are the very tender
ones. In beef, the rib roasts, the
club, porterhouse or T-bone, and sir-
loin steaks are the ones best Cooked•
by dry heat.
Locating Gold With Horsetail.
Goldbugs have a new prospecting
tool: the horsetail weed (Equisetum
arvense), which grows abundantly
across the If. S..and Canada. When
it grows in soil With a gold content,
it hungrily absorbs the metal, Hans
Terkel Fredet'ik•Lundberg of Toron-
to told the American Institute, of
Mining and Metallurgical. Engineers
that for some time. Canadian pros-
pectors had been locating gold by
burning•a clump of horsetail, ana-
lyzing the ashes.
Lack of Sugar
History has many times recorded
the violence of a hungry mob—the
storming of the Bastile during the
French revolution and so on. Hun.
ger, indeed, changes people's atti-
tudes and drives them to do things
they normally would not do.
Chemically, this urge of hunger
and its unsocial consequence is prob-
ably due to the lowering of the,
amount of sugar in the blood. Eat-
ing something, preferably sweets, is
an immediate corrective so that Ma-
rie Antoinette's oft -quoted statement
"Let them eat cake" might have
been good medical advice for the
mobs of Paris. Unsocial acts from
real hunger are easily understood•
and recognized, so that juries and
judges often do not punish people.
who steal from the sheer despera-
tion of hunger.
What is really dangerous is the.
kind of "hidden hunger," called
spontaneous hypoglycemia by doc-
tors, in which blood sugar becomes.
low without hunger symptoms.
it
Largest Scientific Organization
The National Geographic society
is the largest scientific and educa-
tional organization in the world.
Founded in 1888 by a small group of.
scientists itt Washington, the society
has grown, through the enthusiastic
support of its members, to a roster
of more than 1,100,000 intelligent.
people throughout the United States.
and abroad.
The purposes of the society are
"the increase and diffusion of geo-
graphic knowledge."
Through its many expeditions the
society continues to open numerous
new regions, to clear up blind spots
on world maps, and to reveal to its
members hidden beauties and won-
defs of surpassing interest.
Famous leaders of the society's.
expeditions have carried its flag tc
the North and South poles, to the
Loftiest height attained in the strati•
osphere, and to the greatest depth
yet reached below the surface of
the ocean.
tfy g m o
Was He Kidding?
•
identifying fn . ffi-
she difficulty of de
cern during blackouts was dealt with
by an anonymous inventor in this
way:
In a lengthy letter to an intelli•
gence officer, the writer urged that.
sound effects might be used to 'sup-
i; Moment the customary visual 'in-
signia.',Some of the suggestions:
"A general, on pressing a button
attached to his belt would make his.
presence known by the rolling maj-
esty of cathedral chimes,
• "Other auditory insignia might in -
dude: Majors, a five o'clock witis-
ile; second lieutenants, a faint but
persistently annoying tinkle; ser.
geants,.a lion's roar; corporals, the.
sound of a baby crying, and, buck
privates,: a long , deathly silence
punctuated with a complaint about.
something."
"The man is kidding," the intelli-.
gence officer explained, 'F'