HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe Clinton News Record, 1929-08-08, Page 3Crossing The Ocean
By Zeppelin
By HUGE ALLEN
itegular transoceanic passenger
travel by dirigible airship now seems.
definitely assured at a comparatively
early date. The Germans have made
the first start. Bat 'with Great ;Bri-
tea completing two great ships, each
half again as largo as the "Graf Zep•'
peliu, and with America construct-
ing two naval ships, each almost
twice, that size, as precursors of the
-American .commercial fleet, the next
five years should bring. many signi-
ficant developments ,
After its round trip . across the At-
lantic, which was highly successful
in spite of extraordinary difficulties,
the Graf Zeppelin recently completed
two Mediterranean cruises, each last-
ing over eighty hours Both, of
thesewere without other incident
than the magnificently smooth per-
forniance of the ship and the rigor-
ous following of schedule -and route.
,. The many passengers on both
cruises were enthusiastic over the op-
portunities the air' Bruise offered. for
'sight-seeing.' and were loud in their
praise' of the convenience of this
anode of travel The traneatlantic
voyages and the two Mediterranean
cruises comprise the firstlong com-
mercial journeys made by a rigid air-
ship and they are- excellent evidence
of its practicability ,both as a means
of travel and as a commercial enter=
prise.
It .was in 1900 that Count Zeppelin
built his first airship. • Although the
ship was presently wrecked due to
motor: failure, the principles incor-
porated in its design were those that
stiti form the basis of dirigible con-
struction, 'By 198, Count Zeppelin
had: built five ships, and had won re-
cognition for the inherent soundness
of his ideas, France, Italy, and
Great Britain Vegan 'experimenting
-with.lighter:than- air ships, though
the larger 'expansion was act to oomo
until the World War,
By 1912, the Zeppelin' produced at
Friodriebehafen had reached the point
of development where. they Contain-
ed comfortable passenger quarters.
They were used for regular passenger
transportation within "Germany - a
service which was continued and was
expanded on several, routes until the
late summer of 1914, when all Zen-
pelius wore commandeered for mill-
tar'y -purposes.
From the beginning of the war, the
works at Frledrichsltafeii were, go-
ing day and night at full force; and
toward the end of the war, using the
full resources of the enormous works,
the Germans were able to complete a
'Zeppelin every six mein. At the
,cessation of hostilities in 1918, the
Zeppelin •Company, had manufactured
•one hundredand sixteen ,airships
Since the memorable first one prod -
faced in 1900,
In, the meantime, tate British and
French had mate serious efforts to
reproduce Zeppelins, The R-34 was
the outgrowth of British development
In dirigibleconstruction, and as such
was the first airship• to cross the At-
lantib, flying in 1919 front Pulham,
England, to Mitchell Field, Long Is-
land—a distance of 4,700 miles—in
seventy-five hours.
Activities at Friedrichshafen were
resumed for the construction of the
'ZR -3, afterward the Los Angeles,
'which was turned over to the United
Sates Government as payment of re-
parations. This craft, neon its com-
pletion in 1924, was the one -hundred -
and -seventeenth to be built at the
'Zeppelin works. It was flown across
the Atlantic and delivered to the Uni-
ted States Navy at Lakehurst, New
,Jersey, after having made a flight Of
'5,100 miles in eighty-one hours.
At the time of this writing, while
the Graf Zeppelin, the highest reline -
pent of German dirigible ingenuity,
'le cruising over the Mediterranean,
'Great Britain is building two enor-
mous airships of the Zeppelin type—
:each of 5,000,000 cubic feet capacity
—and the United States is building
two more aircraft of the same typo
eaoh of 6,500,000 feet capacity, al -
•most twice the size of the Grat Zep-
'putn.
The new British ships will have ac-
coinmndatlons for a hundred pas-
sengers, and will be both stronger
and faster than the R-34. Instead of
'being, shaped' like a lead pencil, as
the, earlier eines were, they will be
•sbortr and fattr—shaped more near
1y like a cigar.
These neW American ships will be
inflated- with helium, which is a non-
Inflamnuable, natural gas, Helium
is superior from the point of view of
•safety to the hydrogen gas used by
-Great Britain and other cations, but
It requires a somewhat greater volume
to lift a given weight • then floes
'hydrogen gas.' For that reason' the
'American ships of 6,500,000 pubic feet
•capacity will have approximately the
same lift aft the British 5,000,000-
.3111)1c -feet- capacity ships,
4 feature peculiar to helium shipe
Is a ballast .device ou the motors
worked out by the United States
Navy, A problem that has vexed
'dirigible pilots since the inception of
0hds type of aircraft Is the fact that
'Zeppelins in flight grow continuously
lighter with the consumption of gaso-
line and oil by the motors, The
:Los Angeles, 'on its delivery flight to
the 'United .States in 1924, ,Wee
twenty-two tons, lighter when it land.
ed at Lakohurst than when 1t lett
Friedrichehafeh.
In order to compensate for some
of this decreased weight, some; of the
lifting power had to be discharged
during 'flight, However, this pro-
ceduro would involve a serious: 4141
eulty for the >American 'ships, in view;,
of the fact that helium gas is - c'on-
si'derably more expensive and la ,a na-
tural, product that cannot be manu-
factured on demand.
The consequence is that American
naval engineers have ',developed a
water;recovery device 'which receives
the gasoline fumes (mixed with 'mois-
ture from the atmosphere) and 'con-
denses thorn, fusing the • resultant
Water as ballast. Since water has
a higher specific gravity than gasp
line, and is' therefore heavier than
the gasoline which itreplaces in the,
airship's fuel tanks,; ,this is an ex-
tremely practical method of stabiliz-
ing' the ship without loss of any of the
precious' helium gas.
The new 'American,ehips will also
be stronger and safer than any that
have yet been built. It has been
the practice 'to •build a single longi-
tudinal rib -from end to end, along',
the keelof the ship. Into this keel
rib is ::alit the control car, thefuel
tanks, and the crew's, quarters. Its
entire. length becomee, the 300 -foot
gangway from the nose to the stern
of the ahip, '
The new American ships will have
not one, but three such backbones,
one at the keel and two others, each'
Partly up its Aides, so rigidly 'con-,
nected as to:forin a triple backbone,'
The power oars will be actually
built into the new American aircraft,
so that the whole will retain an accur-
ate streamline shape. •
It has been generally conceded that,
size ship equivalent. la s ze to the two
British and two' American craft now
in the process of construction le re-
quired for a commercially •foastble
unit for regular service.
The present conetruotion hangar
at Friedrlchshafen will, have to. be
superseded by a much larger one if
such' a ship is to be built there, and
since the German Government, in the
recent formulation of its budget, has
practically cancelled the appropria-
tion.and subsidy intended for the Zep-
petin works, this may be. delayed for
some time.—From the June Living
Ace.
Op , Dreaming
Among Its .'•: wings,
Toledo, O: Opis, known in Baby-
lonian literature for 1000 years and
an important city of business and art
built upon the forgotten rulns of
ancient Akehak, Is to be visited again
this summer by, Leroy Waterman,
professor of Semlttos at the Univer-
sity of Michigan, who,- with his aides,
will direct the third annual expedi-
tion jointly fostered by the Toledo
Museum of Art and the university.
On the previous journey rich finds
rewarded the explorers. The work-
men dug. into the home of a gentle-
man and among its 20 rooms found
bis aka. There were 400 tablets
there and further investigation un-
covered more than 4000 documents.
There was evidence that his library
had been burned in a great Lire, but
sittce the, writings wore traced on
brick, Professor Waterman explains
that the flames only blackened 'them
and in a way helped to preserve
them.
Evidence that the same site was
later the city et Ctesiphan of
Grecian origin, and still later Salon-
kia, the capital of a province, given
to one of his generals by Alexander
the Great;. has also been uncovered
at this point. In fact, the leaders
'feel they have found indications of
Ive Hellenistic cities above the Baby-
lonian and Sumerian cultures.
Location of the site was the re-
sult of years of study by Professor
Waterman. Through literature he
had traced end retraced the ebb and
flow of commerce, art, and arms, the
effect of geographical and climatic
changes, and when he arrived on the
spot to do some digging he found
conclusive proof that he had Located
the ancient cities he sought.
The area of exploration comprises
860 acres in the far-off valley of the
Tigris and Euphrates, giving testi-
mony,of seven great cities piled one
on top 01 another through more than
5000 y'eare,
Skepticism
This faith which I repudiate
I saw disproved by common griet,
Saw fearless doubt annihilate
The citadel Of my belief.
So I proclaim with my last breath
Quaint heresies, sebnrely won:
I am incredulous of Death,
I do not trust Oblivion!
-Ruth Forbes Eliot in the Century,
Enlarge. Prince Albert Park
The area of the new Prince Albert
national park, in northern Saskatch-
ewan, has been increased from 1,377
to 1,863 square miles.- This park
, was officially open on August 10, 923,
by the Rt. Hon Mackenzie Icing,"Pre-
anier of Canada. ..-
ui i nt View of the "Old Swimfating 'Ole" in Russia
'YOUNG RUSSIA COOLING OFF AFTER THE DAY'S LABOR IN THE FIELDS•
Using rakes, scythes and pitchforks on which to hang their' clothes, young Russians are here seen making the
most of a refreshing plunge..
The € odern -
Housewife
By Hildegarde Kneeland
In most masculine eyes—and even
in some feminine—the average house-
wife today is a Cinderella in modern
dress. The magic wand of the Indus-
trial' Revolution is supposed to have
transformed her from a 'household
drudge into 'a lady of leisure. On
every hand the' opinion is heard that
.she has ceased to be a "producer,"
that insofar as she still has •a job, it
is that of director of consumption.
According to this view. another
wave or two of the wand will imperil
her very existence. Her early dem-
ise as an occupational type seemsin-
evitable.
Ia the long run life prediction as to
the housewife's fate will probably
prove correct. For her fairy god-
mother seems to have no intention
of ceasing to lighten her burdens.
Every year, every month, sees a fur-
ther increase in the use ,ofready
cooked food, ready-made clothing,
ready -washed laundry, oven ready -
trained chiltlren—and this despite our
almost violent prejudice for the home
product,
But we appear to have overestimat-
ed the speed at which the'transform-
ation has been taking place. We
have been so absorbed in watching
the changes in the home that our
ideas as to what has already happen-
ed have gotten somewhat ahead of the
event; we gaze into the future and
think we are viewing the present.
In the days of our great-grand-
children the housewife may be as ex-
tinct as the dodo. But at the pro -
sent time some 26,000,000 hale and
hearty followers of the trade might
arise and announce in the words of
Mark Twain, "Tice reports of my
death have been, greatly exaggerat-
ed."
With the help of the extension and
research staffs of several colleges,
we have induced more than 2,000
homemalcers to keep careful daily re-
cords of how they spent their time
for seven days of a tyPlcal week.
Most of these records came from
Middle-class homes—front farm and
village women with whom the college
extension pervice is in touch, and In
smaller numbers from club -women in
towns and eines, The results so far
tabulated are surprietng to those of us
,who by temperament belong to the
historical, eyes -on -the -future school.
Five -sixths of those home -makers
spent over 42 hours a week in their
homemaking, more than half spent,
over 48 hours, and one-third spent
over 56 hours. The average for all
is slightly over 51 hours a week. If
this be part-time work, what, one may
ask, would be full-time?
No standard has yet been set for
reasonable working week for the
homemaker, But probably we should
aA agree that more than eight hours
a day for seven days of the week
would exceed a reasonable figure, and
that less than the 42 -hour week of the
white collar worker would be unduly
low.
If we 'take this range of 42 to 56
hours as roughly marking the limits
of what might be considere da full-
time job in homemaking, exactly half
of the homemakers in the study will
be found within this class, while one-
third will be classed as over-worked
and only the remaining sixth_, as un-
derworked.
Judged by this group of housewiv-
es, homemaking is still for the maj
•
ooity.4 full-time job, and too much
work is still a more frequent problem
than too little.
When we turn to the farm records,
and• include in our figures the time
spent in the eare of 'poultry acid milk,
in gardening and in other farm work
which falls to tine homemaker's lot as
"naturally" - as does her ,parttime . jobs
fades to a negligible figure, . and the
extent of overwork takes on .serious
proportions. - The •average time spent
in all work py the 950 farmwomen
whose records bate so farbeen tab-
ulated is over 62 hours a week—al-
Most 9 hours a day every day of the
week.
The similarity of the urban and
rural records holds even in the die
tribution of the total time among the
various household tasks. The city
homemakers,. to be sure, spent a few
hours more during the weep in care
of children 'and purchasing, and a few
hours less in cooking and dishwash-
ing. But this smaller amount of time
spent in the kitchen is mainly due to
the larger number of meals oaten a-
way from home by members of the
city routine tasks the figures aro al-
most
lmost identical—about 71/4 hours a
week, on the average, for cleaning,
51/4 for laundering, 1/ for mending
and 41/4 for sewing.
But the conclusion seems justified
that even in the large cities the over-
worked housewife has'byno means
passed into history; in fact she may
still outnumber .tho housewife with
too much leisure.
'How can we account for -thio situa-
tion? In view of the transfer from
the home of the spinning' and weaving
and sowing the butchering, baking
and candlestick -malting of our great-
grandmother's day, in view of the de-
creasein the size of the family and of
the smaller and more convenient.
houses in which wo now live, why is
it that so many homemalfors are still
overworked?
A partial answer is undoubtedly to'
be found in the regrettable fact that
clic .great were evengrandmothers e
more overworked.
Even more important, perhaps, is
the fact that a larger share' of the
work of the home was formerly done
by other members of the household.
Not only' were there more families'
employing hired help, but more had.
grandmothers, . unmarried sisters,
unmarried daughters 'living and 'Work-
ing in the home.
Much of the gain which the Indust-
rial Revolution has so far brought has
gone into 'reducing tate work of the
household to a one -worker job. A
sixth of the homemakers• Included, in
the bureau study received no help
whatever, either from paid workers or
from members of the family. And on
the average they received from all
sources only 10 hours a week of help.
Only abouts per cent of the ploy paid
workers, and there is little reason to
expect that this number will greatly
increase in the future,
Whatever may have been true of
our . great-grandmother's day, this
much is certain: the primary problem
of a large proportion of homemakers
is still how to cut down their hours of
work to a reasonable number. But
how about those homemakers who do
not have enough work? Even today
there are several millions of them,
and we may confidently expect their
ranks to increase. What solution
can be found for their problem of too
much leisure?•
The answer is usually made, "a job
outside of the honor" But those who
make this suggestion are clearly not
among the 2,000,000 marled women
who aro trying it,
The greatU majority of jobs avail-
able are full-tlme jobs, and the home-
maker: usually finis that where she
had 100 much leisure when she did
only her household work, she has too
Real Cherry Blossoms
JAPANESE MERMAIDS IN INTERNATIONAL MEET
These Japanese girls are'the first of their race to go aboard for interna-
tional competition. They- will represent Nippon in the 'swimming meet at as their friendship deepens and grows
Honolulu this summer. cid,"
lithe when she doee that and ttuotited EC. 0 it➢�a Carrier
job in' addition-
The concluSion seems inevitable,
them that the time spent by married SWEDISH TEA 1tIb 1
women in house -keeping Hurst bo re-
duced—not only for those who aro
over-worked, but redgced as .well for
many others 'to :a leisure -job which
can be done by the homemaker out
side of regular hours,
From the Jane Survey Graphic
Norurnbega Tower
Norse Site
Capt, ,John Smith called New Eng-
land Norumbgga when he gave an
account of itis travels thither to
Charles I. 'But it, was Prof. Eben N.
'Horsford, Rumford professor of
chemistry ` ' at I•Iarvard University,
who in 1889 .,wilt Norumbega Tower.
near the Waltham -Weston boundary,
line to mark what he believed was
the Site era Norse settlement dating
back 'to the year 1000.: The settle-
ment, it 'will be recalled, is spoken
of in the Saga of Eric the Red.
It is probably true that, itt those
early days; the explorers of the North
American coast on the east• gave the
name "Norumbega" 'to various sites,
as well 'aa to a river, and to a mytht-
eal Indian' city. Li 1539 the name
was applied to the whole coast from
Cape Breton • to Florida. Mercator's
map, published in 1541, locates an
"Anorumbega" neer the Hudson
Bivor.
The origin Of tate word liar been.
attributed' 10 many 'languages; as an
Indian word meaning "still waters,"
and a'Spanish word meaning "fields
and as 'a Norse word, taken from
"Nonage" meaning' Norway.
Professor Horsford was not only a
professor of chemistry, he was a dis-
coverer; he put a new face on the
Christian mie9ionary achievement by
revealing the once unknown Chris-
tian continent of faith ad thought.
In Wellesley College, . where he
taught, he devoted one room to a col-
leotion of literature, from the peo-
•pies that had no literature, that is to
say, until Christianity came. He
made 'a collection of languages re-
duced to . writing, of alphabets made,
of grammars and dictionaries printed
and, from • the translated Bible, the
nucleus of literature; all this was In
addition to his work as an antiquarian
in historical and geographical fields.
Professor Horsford did not believe
that the French or English. discover-
ers in the fifteenth, sixteenth and
even the seventeenth centuries were
responsible 'for the evidences of oe-
cupaney in New England before the
Pilgrims, but that they went back
direct to the Norsemen. The sagas
tell that 'mainly in Vineland the
Norse explorers conduoted,thelr mer-
cantile Interests. Their trade was in
furs, fish, masur wood and agricul-
tural products. This barter prob-
ably extended over a period of 350
Years, from 1000 uatlt the last Norse
ship 'put back to Iceland, perhaps
about 1347. -
Norumbega Tower was raised -be-
cause Professor Horsford believed It -
was very near by that Leif Ericson
built his ltotne and the amphitheater
on the borders of the Charles River.
Certainly the site, four miles above
tide water ou ttte river, 'bears out to
some degree Professor I-Iorsford's
contention that here was the center
of Norse trading activities in New
England.
Dean Inge Rhymes
Value Of Women's
Short Skirts
In Bit of Verse He Extolls
Benefits of Sunlight
London—The Value of sunlight on
the human frame has been proclaim-
ed ,by Dean Inge of St. Paul's Cath-
edral with the following bit of verse
which he recited at the opening meet-
ing oe the Sunlight League:
"Half an inch shorter, half an inch
shorter,
Same skirts for mother and daughter,
When the wind blows,
Everything shows,
Both what should and what didn't
onghter."
He praised the woman's revolt from
the extensive covering they indulged
in forty or • fifty years ago, saying
that the movement 01 th Sunlight
League was carrying on further the
salutory effects of milady's discard of
heavy clothes, . •
"However we have to beware cif ad-
mitting pranks and freaks," be said,
"There 3s a certain sect on the Con-
tinent
ontinent and particularly in Germany
which believes ire walking about nude,
In Germany it is possible to 800 bands
et young enthusiasts - of both sexes
going about Without clothes- There is
nothing objectionable iu that, But
clothes aro a matter of convention,
and it is necessary to hold at arms'
length certain unwholesome people."
ASACRED PLACE
"The place where two friends first
met is sacred to them all through
their friendship, ail the more sacred
S'1MATrER POP
71- OW CAN T A'B3US r
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11 -4A -r 'RA•eKE.-f
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'44aoo,u,on ,iiiiuriaiiP, --ger
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r i4781VE. IT!.
1MKtE
T444 -rt fl
41brie bit
Two, cups ' milk, 14 cup .butter, h
yeast sake, 1 tsp.' salt, 1/e cup sugar,'
8 lk cups flour, 3 eggs, Scald the milk
and cool: to lulce warns, ,Add the yeast,
salt, sugar and butter, which has been
softened but not. melted. Add half of
the flour: and beat in the eggs. When
all • has been mixed thoroughly, add
sufficient flour to make a stiff dough.
Knead for short time and place in a
howl to rise. When risen to double'
rte hulk, roll into a rectangular shape
from 4 to 1/4 -inch thick, brush.withl
butter, Sprinkle with sugar and cin-
namon and a few raisins or chopped
huts. Roll like a jelly roll and place
the- two ends together on a cookie
sheet so asto form a ring. Fasten
the ends thoroughly together, It is
easier to cut a piece from eaeh end
before oining. Then with a seissc ee'
cut through the edge of the ring
nearly to the centre and slightly at a
slant, -;'Make the cuts about. 1 inch
apart and 'turn the cut slices over so
as to show the layers of dough, Brush
with milk, dredge with sugar and bake,
for about half an hour.
MACARONI MOUSSE.
One cup macaroni broken in 2 -inch
pieces, 1 ?/e cups scalding milk, 1 cup
soft bread crumbs, i/4 cup melted but-
ter, 1 pimento (chopped), 1 tablespoon
chopped parsley, 1 tablespoon chopped
onion, 1 4 cups 'grated American ..
cheese, s/s teapsoon salt, 1/4 teaspoon''
pepper, dash paprika, 3 eggs. Cook
the macaroni in boiling salted water',
drain.' Pour the scalding milk over
the bread crumbs, add the butMw, pi-
mento, parsley, onion, grated cheese
and seasonings, Then add the well -
beaten eggs. Pour the macaroni into
a thickly -buttered loaf pan and pour
the milk and cheese mixture over tt.
Bake about 60' minutes, oruntil the
loaf is firm, in a slow oven. Serve with
mushroom sauce, 114 cups milk, 1,¢ sup
Liquor_ drained from mushrooms, 1
tablespoon butter, 4 tablespoons flour,'
31, teaspoon salt, ?/a teaspoon pepper,
dash of 'paprika, 3fi cup chopped mush;
rooms. 3/fake a sauce of the butter,'
flour and seasonings, and the milk and
mushroom liquor- When thick add'
mushrooms,
Blazes Trail For
Apr -M ll "' orate'
Huge Plane Lands. at Edmon
ton on Winnipeg -Van-
couver Flight•
Edmonton, (C.P.)—Pride of the
Western Canada ' Airways fleet and
the second largest machine In Canada,
the mammoth super -Fokker Universal
airplane, piloted by W. 14 Briutell,
with Premier Bracken, of Manitoba as
the principle guest, made a fine laud-
ing at the municipal flying field • late
Wednesday. on its . Winnipeg -to -Van-
couver flight. The 900 mile hop from
Wlnnlpeg to Regina and thea Edmon-
ton was completed in nine hours and
-30 minutes, despite a head wind en-
countered on the first leg of the
journey.
The plane will be flown through to
the Pacific Coast lu the Interests of
the proposed air mail routes in West-
ern Canada.
On. this trail -blazing trip through
the west, those aboard included Ne-
rvier
rontier Bracken, Major A. M. Narraway,
director of aerial service at Ottawa;
Donald Cameron, president of the
Winnipeg Board of Trade, and Mr.
Banta, who is operating manager for
the Western Canada Airways.
Questioned in regard to the air
mail, Mr. Brinteli said he had no in-
formation as to when It would go into
placing of night beacons and laying
out of emergency landing fields every
30 miles on the Prairie route was a
huge engineering task, and would nat- •
orally take some time for this to be
properly organized.
Six airplanes will be operated on
the Prairie service, while there will be
one or more for spare or reserve pur-
poses, said Mr. Brintell. There would
bo three routes, one running from
Winnipeg to Regina, another 11 -sol
Regina to Saskatoon, North Battle
ford and Edmonton, while the other
would be front Regina to Moose Jaw,
Calgary and Banff.
Holidays
Pitoobe Fauwicic Gaye In the Lou-
don Morning Post: Change should be
the key -note of our leisure days, and
what we need is not only change of•
air, but change of mind. We cannot
expect to recapture the careless blies
of childhood if we take away with
ua, along with our bag and baggage, a
disgruntled and yeary point of view,
There are people so weary that they •
take perpetual holidays, and suffer
groat liners to carry round the world
those bodies whose brains aro too
blase to do active work themselves,
The Seven Wonders cannot awe such
people; They, pause, murmur "How
pretty" yawn a little, and pass on.
Perch: Who won the nail driving
contest at the picnic?
Base: Why the hammer -'load shark
of course)
csa.Fbs etaoi etaoi etaoi .et etaottaei
Mbsqutto (to fly) : Wolf, hero we
ate again, `Let's hope we go through
the summer without getting slapped oil
caught.