HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe Clinton News Record, 1931-05-14, Page 8THE CLINTON-NEWS RECORD
RuMina.1!oui ui ReVekaV
A Column Prepared Especially for-` Women---- ,,,
But Not Forbidden to Men
I KNOW "SOMETHING GOOD
ABOUT YOU
Wouldn't this old world lI o be better,
If the folks we meet would say,
I know something good about your
And then treat us just that way?
Wouldn't it be fine and dandy,
If each handclasp, waren and true,
Carried with it this assurance,
"I Ice°ow something good about
you?"
Wouldn't life be lots more happy.
If the good that's in us all
Were the only thing about us
That folks bothered to reead?
Wouldn't life be lots more happy,
If .we praised the good we see?
Forthere's such a lot of goodness
Sn the worst of you and me.
Wbuldn't itbe nice
practice
That fine way of thinking too?
You know something good about me!
"I know something good about you,"
--tSelected.
.I noticed the following in the ed-
itorial column of an exchange 1'e-
cently. It was an introduction to a
quarter column of advice against
speaking evil of people:
"Wte were surprised to note in
no less than three of the weekly
papers that came to of : desk this
week, apologies inserted by men
of the respective communities
represented by those papers, in
which they expressed ;egret for
staving uttered untruths about
the moral character of certain
young ladies.
Possibly the most surprising
aspeet was that this malicious
gossiping issued from men. We
were formerly under the impres-
sion that', the female scandal-
monger was predominant, and
we will have to apologize for
harboring such a thought, Pos•
-
sibly that was the general rule
in the past,but it appears that
the men are changing the order
of, things in this regard."
Tie editor, a man of course,
seemed to think it was strange that
it was men who did the gossiping.
But the idea that it is women who
are the greatest gossips is just one
of the many myths which men have
encouraged about women all down
the ages; it helped to divert atten-
tion from themselves while engaged
in their favourite indoor sport. Be-
cause I do not believe that women
have ever been greater gossips than
men. One thing you will notice, if
you take the trouble to do so, and
that is that it is married women who
always know all the latest and most
scandalous gossip, They hear it
from their husbands. But, goodness
knows both are bad enough at times,
and did you ever hear of a more sin-
ful waste of time than that spent in
gossip ?
When you think how easy it is to
sow the seed of doubt in a person's
mind in regard to another it ought
to make one pause before repeating
anything one has heard which is
detrimental to another or of which
one may be even convinced in one's
own mind. Circumstances are very
often misleading and what may look
like an act compromising in itself
may be a very innocent and perfectly
natural act when fully understood.
We should try to give everyone the
benefit of the doubt before condemn -I
in anyone. We should avoid like a i
J
For These
REASONS
use
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378
GYPSUM, LIME and ALABASTINC, CANADA, LIMITED
Paris Ontario
eN(W O'VOQY
(For Sale By)
Geo. T. Jeiildns -
The Clinton .Lumber Company.
Clinton, Ontario
Clinton, Ontario
plague anything like nialititous gos-
sip,
There.' are so many charming
things to talk about that
t it seems
very silly to go about looking for
something nasty. We ' ought to, be
ashamed to do it.
Just think' over your acquaintances
and you are sure to vote the most
entertaining and the "-pleasantest
those who do not gossip about Peo-
ple. •Gne lady I know, I like simply
because she always has a nice word
for everyone; she looks out for the
good points in her friends and ae-
quaintances and stresses them. She
to clever enough, to see faults, too,
probably, but she leaves them alone.
It is a characteristic which I wish we
might all emulate. Let's start right
now to look for the fine points' in our
friends, or .even those who are not
particular friends, and play them up
for all they're worth.
—Rebekah.'
The Coming Census
Why it, is taken—How it is taken
Prepared by the Dominion Stetis
titian, an old Clinton boy, by
the way, with the authority
of the Hon, the Minister
of Trade and
Commerce
Introduction
On June 1, 1931, the Census of
the Dominion will be taken. The
Census has been called "the largest
single act of administration of the
Government," in reference partly to
its physical extent—the census ors'
ganization covering every section of.
the country for a complex and many-
sided task—and also to the great im-
portance of census results.
The success of the Census depends
largely upon the cooperation of the
people. Without .general appredia-
tion of the ends in view, and without
the cordial assistance of individual
citizens towards those ends, a good
census will be impossible.' A, brief
description of the scope, methods
and purpose of the census and of its
place in statistical and general ad-
ministration will therefore be of
interest and utility at the present
moment.
Hi'sto'rical
Census -taking dates from the dawn
of civilization, Moses numbered the
Children of Israel in the fifteenth
century t.C. (Exodus XXX, 1215;
Numbers 1,2-4 and 47-49; III, 14-16;
IV, 34-49). But statistical investiga-
tions wore known centuries earlier, in
Babylonia, (4,000 B.C.), in • China,
(3,000 T3.C.),in Egypt (4500 B.C.) A
census taken by )ling David in 1017
B.C. achieved evil notoriety in his -
toy front the Divine wrath which it
provoked (II Samuel XXIV, 1-25; T
Chronicles XXI, 1-27) and which wns
cited for many generations against
the spirit of inquiry, The Census
was 'one of the institutions founded
by the great lawgiver Solon at
Athens in the sixth century, B.G.
principal instruments, of Govern=
in every 'civilized 'community ma
call for mare titan�tassng appreeia-
tion.
Thisinitial a Canadian.Census was
repeated severe,/ times during the.
French regime, after which a series
of less elaborate investigations by
successive Colonial Governor's took
its place. The first legislation on
the subject was an Act of 'the United
Provinces, dated 1847. ` Under it a
census. of Upper and -Lower Canada
was: taken in 1851 and again in
1861, •Censuses. of Nova Scotia and
New Brunswick were taken in the
Baine years. An: account of these
and of preceding investigations may
be found in 'Volume IV of the Re-
port of the Census of 1871, a volume
designed to start the new Dominion
on its- career with a review of all
previous statistics relating to its do-
main.
At Confederation the British I' pith
America Act specifically' mentioned
"The Census and statistics" as fal-
ling within Dominion as distinguish-
ed from Provincial jurisdiction (Sec-
tion 91). The. first Dominion 'Cen-
sus A,ct was passed in 1870, and the
first census was taken thereunder in
1871. Similar comprehensive cen-
suses have.followed every tenth year,
namely, 1881, 1891, 1901, 1911 and
1921. In 1886, "a special census of
Manitoba and the Northwest •Terri-
tories was taken midway between
the other censuses: This so-called
"Quinquennial" census was repeated
for Manitoba in 1896, whilst in 1906,
1916 and 1926, it_also embraced Sas-
katchewan and Alberta, created into
provinces in 1905, the reason being
the rapidly changing conditions in
these newer sections of the Domin-
ion. ,
The Census of June 1, 1931, is
therefore the seventh comprehensive
decennial census, to be taken since
Confederation. The administration
of the Census was originally vested
in the Minister of Agriculture; in
1912, however, in. a reorganization
and centralization .of the statistical
work of the Government it was
transferred to the Minister of Trade
and Commerce who will accordingly
promulgate the schedules and re-
gulations of the present Census.
In Canada the fundamental legal,
raison d'etre of the Census is to
determine the representation in our
federal Parliament. As is well known
the British North America Act gave
the Province of Quebec a fixed num-
bet of seats (sixty-five) in the Do-
minion ' House of Commons. The
number assigned to the'other pro-
vinces was pro rata, with an arrange-
ment that the first readjustment
should take place on the completion
of the 'Census of 1871, and that a
Ment meet the pressing demand for ;facts
y regarding the number of unemployed
and the raisons therefor, a number
ofn@t]
S '
q ons have been • inserted, af-
ter consultation which Dominion and
Provincial Government authorities
and •beading- labour organizations,
This information will be of first im-
portance in assisting the Government
in its policy regarding unemploy-
ment and labour problems generally.
The schedule relating to agricutlure
was also dr'aw•n lip ; in " con-
sultation - with Dominion and,Pro-
vincial lAgricultural Departments
and other agricultural authorities,
and in the light .of the suggestions
made for a World Census of agri-
culture by the International Instt-
tete of agriculture, It will elicit a
wealth of information en such
features as faun acreages, land
values, buildings, implements, crops,
fertilizers,farm labour, orchards
small fruits, farm gardens, live
stock, poultry, animal products, for-
est products, land tenure, irrigation,
drainage, cooperative marketing,
farm mortgages, etc., etc. The sched-
ule on animals, etc. in towns is sup-
plementary to the agricultural sched-
ule; there are of course a consider-
able number of horses, cattle, -poul-
try, bees, etc. within urban limits
and their products, and those of mar-
ket gardens, town orchards, etc. are
in the aggregate important.
In connection with these soaite-
what elaborate and searching series
of inquiries the following points
should be clearly understood: (1)
that no question has been inserted
merely for the gratification of cur-
iosity or because the information
'would be interesting, but only be-
cause it has a bearing on basic, soc-
ial or economic conditions; and (2)
that the answers given by the'indir
viduai are absohrtely confidential,
every employee of the Census being
under oath and penalty against re-
vealing any individual item and the
'Bureau of Statistics itself being for-
bidden to issue any statement that
would lay bare any personal matter
Though the name of each person i
taken down this is not for the put
pose , of associating the individua
with any of the facts that are re
corded, but merely as a check on the
accuracy of the enumeration, The
Census is first and Iast for statis-
tical purposes and cannot be made
the basis of any direct administra-
tive action. Let, it also be noted that
census enumerators are required to
use courtesy and tact in collecting
the informtaion, though refusal to
answer a census question is penal-
ized by statute.
similar readjustment should folio
every subsequent decennial cense
The Census is thus',talcen primaril
to enable a redhstrubution bill to
pnssecl by Parliament,
But the Census has far wider use
than to fix electoral representatin
It constitutes, in fact, under th
modern system, nothiic"g less than
great periodichi stocktaking of th
Canadian people, designed to sho
frons the widest angle the point th
has' been reaehed in the general pro
gress of the nation. It is difficul
ithin brief compass to explain how
is function is fulfilled. Fundam
ntally, the importance of the Cen
s hinges upon its analysis of th
ulnae element or man power of th
• THURSDAY, 4AY;14, 1981
will be engaged ht Ottawa, • Consus
compilation
and. tubulation is an el-
aborate
i-
a, ,.
k or.rte and detailed process s which
p
would take much space to describe,
An interesting feature is the use of
machinery in compiling and analyzs
ing the returns. The method is very
briefly as follows: The several facts
obtained for each individual are
punched on a specially designed card,
the perforations" showing by'their
location the exact information ob-
tained at the census. The cards are
then snorted and• otherwise manipu-
lated by machines which' • count and
record' various combinations of data
as required, according to the pev-
forations on the cards: Far example
should it be desired to know the
number of, say, civil engineers, of
Canadian citizenship between the.
ages of 21 and 50, in the, province of
Ontario, the machines will pick out
and count the cards in a few opera-
tions, The invention of these ma-
chines, of which the Bureau of Stat-
istics has a large battery, some be-
ing of its own invention and eon.-
struction, has, greatly increased the
scope and accuracy of the informa-
tion derivable from the census, at
the same time that it has ]calved the
cost. A record exists of over a mil-
lion and a half classifications by one
machine in a single day.
It is expected that from two to
five weeks from June 1st will suf-
lice in normal localities for the
completion of the field work. After
the third or fourth month it -should
be possible to give out the first re-
sults for many cities, towns, coun-
ties, etc. As to when the final count
by provinces for the entire Dominion
will be available, so many unforesee-
able
nforesee
able contingencies are possible thnt
prophecy is dangerous, .but it is ex-
pected that five or six months should
enable a close approximation to be
m'hde, In the recent IT S. tenses
the ,population count was announced
in four months and seven days.
Altogether, as already noted, the
census will cost some millions of
. dollars. The amount set aside this
s year is about two millions and a half
but there was a vote of 8135,000
1 bast year for equipment and proper-
- atory work, and at least another
half million will probably be requir-
ed in 1932 and 1933 to finish.
, . Methods of Collection and
Compilation -
NV •The organization by which this
s' far-flung investigation is carried out
be and its restilts reduced . to compre-
hensible and usable form is a large
s one. Its nucleus exists in a small
u, permanent staff constituting one of
e the branches of the Bureau of Stat-
e isties. This branch maintains con-
e vection .between census and census,
µ, so that experience is continuous and
at cumulative. When a census impends
all plans are originated by it, and
tthe necessary expansion of personnel
arranged for. The latter falls tin-
': two main headings, the field
_ work or collection of the facts, and
the compilation and tabulation of
• the latter into census reports, Ev-
e
The Romans were assiduous census- th
takers, both under the Republic and
the Empire; Julius Caesar reformed h°
the census among.other things. The
Breviary of Charlemagne (A. D. 808)
and the Domesday Book of William
the Conqueror (A.D. 1086) are cele-
brated mediaeval censuses, Later,
the census disappeared from Eur-
ope.
It may not be generally known
that the credit of taking the first
census of modeen tins belong to
Canada. The year was 1666; the
census was one of the Colony of New
Prance, There had been earlier re•
cords of settlement at Port Royal
(1608), but. the census of 16(66 was a
systenmatic "nominal" enumeration of am
the neoule, (i.e., a record of each .in-
dividual by name), taken for a .w
fixed 'date, :showing the nee, sex, so
place of residence, occupation and ed
cnniup�al condition of each person, ell
.
The results nee to be seen ,in a do -
cement of 104 rages in the Archives
of Paris, of which a transcript is in
Ottowa. Altogether this Census re-
corded 3.215 souls. When it is re-
called that in Europe the first mod=
ern • Census dated only !rmu the
eighteenth century (those of Plano
and Eneiand dating from the first
oar of the nineteenth), whilst in the
United States no Census was taken
before 1790, the achievment of the
Primitive St. Lawrence Colony hi in-
stituting what is today one of the
country. The people themselves af-
ter all are the basic asset of every
state. Their numbers, sex, age, oc-
cupation, racial origin, language, ed-
ucation, etc., etc„ are facts in them-
selves of the greatest moment. They
constitute, moreover, the background
against which almost all other facts
must be projected if the latter are to
have real significance. The well be-
ing' of the state,—»physical, moral
economic--i(including such varied
phases as birth and death rates, edu-
cation, transportation facilities, fin-
aial conditions, etc.), through the
edium of population statistics. Ev-
n if the Census went no farther it
ould be the basis of all study of our
cial and economic conditions. Link -
with other official data,. -however,
it rotands out the scheme of informa-
tion by which 'as by a chart the Gov-
ernment directs the national affairs.
Without the Census, it is literal
truth to' say that legislation anti ad-
ministration would be carried on in
the dark, and that there would be
no means of knowing whether the
country was on the road to success
or disaster. So cogently is this felt
that censuses at five year intervals,
instead of ten, are universally advo-
cated, the chive drawback being the
heavy cost.
Patching only delays the
necessity of
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Scope of the Canadian Census
As already remarked, the primary
task of the Census is the inumeration
and descriptidn of every titan, woman
and child in Canada. Good business
dictates that when so large an organ-
ization as this requires has once
been created, it should be put to ev-
ery available , purpose. In other
words, the "overhead"- must earn its
maximum. The Census therefore
should deal not only with the people
themselves, but directly with the
people's institutions and affairs, in
sofas as the latter can be properly
brought within its scope,
The Census' Schedules
The schedules used in the Census
are six in number dealing respee-
tively with, (1) Population, (2) Ag-
eiculture, (8) Live Stock, fruit grow-
ing,etc, in towns. (4) Merchandis-
ing and •Service establishments;•' (5)
Blindness and Deaf-mutism, and (6)
Institutions (venal, -mental and nem•-
mIogical, child -caring, homes for ad-
slts, hospitals, sanatoria, dispensar-
ies, clinics, day nurseries),. Merely
to state the questions asked an these
would be impossible here, The pop-
elation schedule carries sone forty
�nlunins; reccmding for each person
the name,. -family. kind- of 'dwelling,,
o.go stiv. ecniugal condition. b•irbb-
nlnce citizenship Or nationality, rac-
ial origin, Ianguage, religion, edu-
(*:+tion ooennmation, nnemnlovment,
etc„ etc., in ell necessary detail. To
cry detail of importance down to the
final stages of the work must be
foreseen and provided for from its
inception.
In planning the field work the
country is first divided into "'census
districts, each of which is placed in
charge of a "census commissioner."
The districts are then divided into
"subdistricts," varying in population
fronc.600 to 800 in rural localities,
and fronm. 1000 to 1800 in urban,
The subdistrict is the territory a1 -
•lotted to a "census enumerator," who
conducts the house to house and
farm to farm canvass, and who is
the only census official with whom
the public comes directly in contact.
One object of the census being to
determine Parliamentary representa-
tion, the act directs that census dis-
tircts shall correspond as nearly as
Possible to the federal constituencies
for the time being, whilst the sub -
districts are to be roughly the same
as the polling subdivisions. Spine of
the constituencies, however, are too
large for one commissioner and are
accordingly divided; departure is al-
so necessary in a good many cases
front the polling units, Altogether
the census of 1931 will employ 253
commissioners and probably 15,000
enumerators. The commissioners
are appainted by the Minister, and
instructed by an officer of the Bur-
eau; the enumerators are appointed
and instructed by the commissioners,
who must also check and vouch for
all the enumerators' returns before
the latter are forwarded to Ottawa.
All field officers are paid fan' the
most part on a "niece" basis, i.e.,
according to the population, farms,
etc., enumerated. All are required
to pass a practical test in the work
before appointment:
For a census that covers half a
continent, embracing the 'most var-
ied" conditions of nature and settle-
ment, uniformity of plan is clearly
impossible. For the remote and
seldom. penetrated regions of Un- -
gava, N'orthern . Outario and the
Wiest, the organization . of the fur
trading companies and of the various
church missions have been engaged,
In other .regions the Royal Canadian
Mounted Police will take tie census,
whilst the agents of the Indian De-
partment will perform a like service
for the Indian' population on reserves
and eleswhere. Representatives of
the Department will visit the remote
northern and sub -arctic regions. Ev-
en in districts that are closer, there
remain a large• number of .eases
where packtraies must be organized
steamers chartered aitd similar spec-
ial meansemployed to ensure that no
section of time country escapes en-
umeration, Aeroplanes will be used in,
some districts. '
For the compilation of the census
an extra staff. of over 750 Werke,
;GO'DERICH: Preparations are be-
ing made for the building of a sun -
room on the south side of Alexandra
Marine amd General Hospital. Gor-
don Bridgeman, architect, of London,
has the plans in hand. The estimat-
ed cost of the new building is 37,000
and it is proposed to build this sum-
mer, Many liberal donations' have
been received towards the cost of the
MOM.
C) N -SUS QUESTIONS
These
are
•t
he questions that
will
be asked about. each person by a
Dominion 'Government census -taker
sometime during the opening' week
of June:
1. Your iiame and where you live.
2. Whether your home is owned or
rented.
3. The estimated- value of your
hone, if owned; or the monthly •
rental, if -rented. ..
4. 'Flow many rooms are in your
home . brick,
is it of stone, or
or:mvood ? •
5,. Is there a ladle set in your
• home?,
6. Your relationship to the fam-
ily (whether the head of family,
wife, son, daughter, ' or uncle,
etc.)
8. Are you ,single, married, widow-
ed or divorced?
9: What was your age at last
.;birthday? •
10, Where were you born?
11. Where was yoav father born?
12. Where was your mother born?.
13. In what year did you immigrate
to Canada? .(Por foreign -born
persons).
14. In what year were you natural-
ized? (For foreign -born persons.
1-5. What is your nationality?
16. What is your racial origin; from
what overseas country' did your
family originally come?
17. 'Are you able to speak English?
or french?
18. Wlhat is your mother tongue'?
'(For foreign -born persons).
19. :01 what religious denomination.
are you a member or adherent?
20. Ave you able to read and write?
21. How many months at school
since Sept. 1, 1980? (For persons
of school age.)
22. If you Inc a gainful worker,
what is your occupation?
23. In what industry are you em-
ployed?
24. Aro you an employer, an em-
ployee, or are you working on
your own account?
If you are an employee, you will
be asked if you were at work on
Monday, June 1st, 1931, If you ans-
wer "No," you will be asked wheth-
er it was because of: (a) No job; (b)
Sickness; (c) Accident; (d) On holi-
days; (a) Strike or lack -out; (f)
Plant closed; (g) Other reason.
You will also be asked whether you
have been out of work for any cause
in the last 12 months? If you ans-
wer "Yes," you will be asked:
'Ilow many weeks have you been
out of work, and of these how many
were due to: (a) No job; (b) Ill-
ness; (c) Accident; (d) Strike or
lock -out; (o) Temporary lay-off;
(f) Other reason,
ern t
y
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