HomeMy WebLinkAboutThe Clinton News Record, 1931-05-14, Page 7+ariaV
'A Column Prepared ,Especially for' 'Women -7
,,.
Put Not Forbidden to Men
I KNOW SOMETHING GOOD
ABOUT YOU -
Vireuldn't this` old world be better,
If the folks we meet would say,
I know something good about you!
And then treat us just that way?
'Wouldn't it be fine and dandy,
If each handclasp, warm and true,
Carried with it this assurance,
"1 Ion "ow something good about
you?"
Wouldn't life be lots more happy,
If the good that's in us all
Were the only thing about us
That folks bothered to recall?
Wouldn't life be lots more happy,
If we praised the good we see.?
For there's such a lot of goodness'
In the worst of you and me.
Wbnldn't it. be nice to practice
That fine way of thinking too?
You know something good about mel
"I know something good about you,"
—,Selected.
•
I noticed the following in the ed-
itorial column of an exchange re-
cently; It was an introduction to a
quarter column of advice against
speaking evil of people:
"Vire were surprised to note in
no less than three of the weekly
papers that came to of : desk this
week, apologies inserted by sten
of the' respective communities
represented by those papers, in
which they expressed regret for
having uttered untruths about
the moral character of certain
young ladies,
Possibly the most surprising
aspect was that this malicious
gossiping issued from men. We
were formerly under the bnpres-
sion that . the female scandal-
monger was predominant, and.
we will have to apologize for
harboring such a thought. Pos-
sibly that was the general rule
in the past, but it appears that.
the men are changing; the order
of things in this regard." "
The editor, a man of course;
seemed to think it was strange that
it was men who did the gossiping.
But the idea that it is women who
are the greatest gossips is just one
of the many myths which men have
encouraged about women all down
the ages; it helped to divert atten-
tion from themselves while engaged
in their favourite indoor sport, Be-
catise I do not believe that women
have ever been greater .gossips than
men. One thing you will notice, if
you take the trouble to do so, and
that is that it is married women who.
always know all the latest and most
scandalous gossip, They hear it
from their husbands. But, goodness
knows both are bad enough at times,
and dirt you ever hear of a more sin-
ful waste of time than that spent in
gossip?
When you think how easy it Is to
Sow the seed of doubt in a person's
mind in regard to another it ought
to make one pause before repeating
anything one has heard which is
detrimental to another or of which
one may be even convinced in one's
own mind. •Circumstances are very
often misleading and what may look
like an act compromising in itself
may be a very innocent and perfectly
natural net when fully understood.
'We should try to give everyone the
benefit of the doubt before condemn -
in anyone. We should avoid like a
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Clinton, Ontario
' THE CLINTON-NEWS RECORD
elegem anything like malicious gos-
,sip,
There are so many 'charming
things -s to talk about that it t seems
very silly to go about looking .for'
something nasty. We ought to be
ashamed•to do it.
Just think' over your acquaintances
and you are sure to vote the most
entertaining and the .-pleasantest
those who do net gossip, about Peo-
ple. One lady I know, I like simply
'because she always has a :nice word
for everyone; she looks but for the
good points in her friends and ac-
quaintances and stresses them. She
w5 clever enough to see faults, too,
probably, but she leaves them alone.
It is a characteristic which'I wish we
might all emulate. Let's, start right
now to look for the fine points in our
friends, or even those who are not'
particular friends, and play them up
for all they're worth.
-Rebekah,'
The Coming Census
Why it is taken-How<it is taken
Prepared by the Dominion Statis-
tielen, an old Clinton boy, by
the way, with the authority
of the Hon. the Minister
of Trade and
Commerce
Introduction
On June 1, 1931, the Census of
the Dominion will be taken, The
Census has been called "the largest
single net of administration of the
Government," in reference partly to
its physical extent—the census ov-'
ganization covering every section of
the country for a complex and many-
sided task—and also to the great im-
portance of census results.
The success of the Census depends
largely upon the cooperation of the
people. Without general appree1ia-
tion of the ends in view, and without
the cordial assistance of individual
citizens towards those ends, a good
census will be impossible. A brief
description of the scope, methods
and purpose of the census and of its
place in statistical and general ad-
ministration will therefore be of
interest and utility at the present
moment.
Historical
Census -taking dates from the dawn
of civilization. Moses numbered the
• Children of Israel in the fifteenth
century B.C. (Exodus XXX, 12=7.5;
Numbers 1,2-4 and 47-49; III, 14.16;
IV, 34-499). But statistical investiga-
tions were known centuries earlier, in
Babylonia, (4,000 B.C.), in • China,
(3,000 13.C.),in Egypt (26500 B.C.) A
census taken by King David in 1017
B.C. achieved evil notoriety in his-
tory from the Divine wrath which it
provoked (II Samuel XXIV, 1-25; I
Chronicles XXI, 1-27) and which was
cited for many generations against
the spirit of inquiry. The Census
principal instrument's. of 'Governmen
in every civilized community int
call for more than „passing appreci
tion,
T• i ' initial hos a Canadian Census wa
repeated several times during th
French regime, after which a serie
of less elaborate investigations b
successive Colonial Governors too
its place, The first legislation on'
the subject was an Act of the Unite
Provinces, dated 1847, Under it
census of 'Upper. and Lower Canada
was taken, in 1851 and again in
1861, Censuses: of ?ova Scotia •and
New Brunswick were taken in the
same years. An. account of these
and of preceding invesi;igatians' may
be found in Volume IV bf the Re-
port of the Census of 1871, a volume
designed to start the hew Dominion
on its career with a review of all
previous statistics relating to its do-
main. -
At Confederation the British North
America Act specifically inent'ioned
"The : Census and statistics" -as fal-
ling• within Dominion as 'distinguish-
ed from Provincial jurisdiction (Sec-
tion 91). The first +Dominion Cen-
sus Act was passed in 1870, and the
first census Wee taken thereunder in
1871. 'Similar comprehensive . cen-
suses have followed every tenth, year,
namely, 1881, 1891, 1901, 1911 and
1921. In 1886, a special census of
Manitoba and the Northwest Terri-
tories was taken midway between
the other censuses: This so-called
"Quinquennial" census was repeated
for Manitoba in 1896, whilst in 1906,
1916 and 1926, it. also embraced Sas-
katchewan and Alberta, created into
provinces in 1905, the reason being
the rapidly changing conditions in
these newer sections of the Dentin-
-lop.
The Census of June 1, 1081, is
therefore the seventh comprehensive
decennial census to be taken elnee
Confederation, The administration
of the Census was originally vested
in the Minister of Agriculture; in
1912, however, in. a reorganization
and centralization of the statistical
work of the Government it was
transferred to the Minister of Trade
anel Commerce who will accordingly
promulgate the schedules and re-
gulations of the present Census.
In Canada the fundamental legal
raison d'etre of the Census is to
determine the representation in our
federal Parliament, As is well known
the British North America Act gave
the Province of Quebec a fixed num-
ber of seats (sixty-five) in the Do-
minion ' House of Commons. The
number assigned to the other pro-
vinces was pro rata, with an arrange-
ment that the first readjustment
should take place on the completion
of the Census of 1871, and that a
similar readjustment• should folio
every subsequent decennial cense
The Census is thus ,taken primaril
to enable a redistrubution bili to b
passed by Parliament.
But the Census has far wider use
than to fix electoral representatim
It constitutes, in fact, under th
modern system, nothirit less than
great periodichI stocktaking of th
Canadian people, designed to show
front tb widest angle the point tha
as been reached in the general pro-
cess of the nation. It is difficult
vithin brief compass to explain how
cis function is fulfilled. Fundam-
t meet the :pressing demand for facts
y regarding the number of unemployed
and e
a- a thereasons ns ei�
o therefor, 0
number
of questions. have been inserted af-
s ter consultation which Dominion and
e• Provincial 'Government authorities
s and leading labour organizations.
y This information will be of first im•
k. portance in 'assisting the Government
in its policy regarding unetoploy-
d ment and labour problems generally.
a The schedule relating to agricutiur'e
was; also drawn up' in con-
sultation - with ,Dominion and Pro-
vincial :Agricultural Departments
and other agricultural antharities,
and, in •the light of the suggestions
made, for a World Census of agri-
culture by the International:Insti-
tute of agriculture. It will elicit a
wealth of information on • such
features" as farm acreages, land
values, buildings, im lemeets, erops,
fertilizers, farm labour, orchards,
small fruits, farms gardens, live
stock, poultry, animal products, for-
est products, land tenure, irrigation,
drainage, cooperative marketing,
farm. mortgages, etc,, -etc. The sched-
ule on animals, etc. in towns is sup-
plementary to the agricultural sched-
ule; there are of course a consider-
able number of horses, cattle, poul-
try, bees, etc. within urban limits
and their products, and those of mar
ket gardens, town orchards, etc, are
in the aggregate important.
In connection with these some-
what elaborate and searching series
of inquiries the following points
should be clearly understood: (1)
that no question has been inserted.
merely for the gratification of CUr-
iosity or because the informatioli
would be interesting, but only be-
cause it has a bearing on basic, soc
ial or eeonomic conditions; and (2)
that the answers given by the'indi-
vidual are absolutely confidential,
every employee of the Census being
under oath and penalty against re-
vealing any individual item and the
'Bureau of Statistics itself being fo2•-
bidden to issue any statement that
would lay bare any personal matter.
Though the name of each person is
taken down this is not for the pur-
pose of associating the individual
with any of the facts that are re-
corded, but merely as a check on the
accuracy of the enumeration. The
Census is first and last for statis-
tical purposes and cannot be .lade
the basis of any direct adminictra-
five action. Let it also be noted that
census enumerators are required tie
use courtesy and tact in collecting
the informntaion, though refusal to
answer a census question is penal-
ized by statute.
.. Methods of Collection and
Compilation -
w •The organization by which this
s' far-flung investigation is carried out
and its results reduced •to compre-
• hensible and usable form is a large
a one. Its nucleus exists in a sn1511
permanent staff constituting one of
the branches of the Bureau of 'Stat-
' • is'tics. This branch maintains con-
e nection .between census .and census,
so that experience is continuous and
t cumulative. When a census impends
all plans are originated by it, and
the necessary expansion of personnel
arranged for. The latter falls un-•
der two main headings, the field
work or collection of the facts, and
e the compilation and tabulation of
the latter into census reports, Ev-
ery detail of importance down to the
final stages of the work must be
foreseen and provided for from its
inception.
In planning the :field work the
country is first divided into "'census
districts," each of which is placed in
charge of a "census commissioner."
The districts are then divided into
"subdistricts," varying In population
from, 600 to 800 in rural localities,
and from 1.000 to 1800 in urban.
The subdistrict is the territory al-
lotted to a "census enumerator," who
e eonducts the house to house and
Ey•
W115 one of the institutions founded h
by the great lawgiver Solon at
Athens in the sixth century, 13.C. ti
The Romans were azssicluous cent=', e
takers, both under the Republic and ee
the Empire; Julius Caesar reformed
the census among. other things. The
`Bfeviaey of Charlemagne (A. I). 608)
and the Domesday Book of Wiliiam
the Conqueror (A.D, 1086) are cele-
brated mediaeval eensuses. Later,
the census disappeared from Eur-
ope.
It may not be generally known
that the credit of taking the first
eenen5 of modeyn tinges belong to
Canada. The year Was 1066; the
census was one of the Colony of New
France, There had been earlier re-
cords of settlement at Port Royal en
(1608), but the census of 1666 was a
systematic "nominal" enumeration of
the neoule, (i.e., a record of each .in-
div4clusl by name), taken for a ;1
fixed 'date, showing the age, sex, 1t
so
place of residence, occupation and e
miniugal condition of each person.
The results ore to be eon in a dee
cement of 154 nages in the Archives
of Paris, of whish a transcript is in
O"t+swa, Altogether this Census re-
corded 3.215 souls, When it is re-
called that in Europe the first mod' -
ern • Census dated only 'nom the
eighteenth century (those of France
and England dating from the first
veal. of the nineteenth), whilst in the
i1nited States no Census was taken
before 1190, . the achievment 01 the.
primitive St. Lawrence Colony in in-
stituting what is today one of the
ntally, the importance of the Cen
us hinges upon its analysis of th
human element or 11100 power of the
country. The people themselves af-
ter all are the basic asset of every
state.' Their numbers, sex, age, oc-
cupation, racial origin, language, ed-
ucation, etc., etc., are facts in them-
selves of the greatest moment. They
constitute, moreover, the background
against which almost all other facts
must be projected if the latter ere to
have real significance. The well be-
ing of the state,—iphysical, moral
economic—l(inclUdieg sneh varied
phases as birth and death rates, edu-
tion, transportation facilities, fin-
neiel conditions, etc,), through th
cilium of population statistics. E
if the Census went no farther i
ould be the basis of all study of our
oiai and economic conditions. Link
ci with other official data, however
it raisers ottt the scheme of informa-
tion by which as by a elinrt the Gov-
ernment directs the national affairs.
Without the Census, it is literal
truth to 'say that legislation and ad-
ministration would be carried on in
the dark, and that there would be
no means of knowing whether the
country was on the road to Success
or disaster. So eogently is this felt
that censuses at five year intervals,
instead of ten; are universally advo-
cated, the chief drawback being the
heavy cost.
Patching only delays the
necessity of
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Scope of the Canadian Census
As aheady remarked, the primary
task of the Census is the inumeration
and description of every man, woman
and child in Canada. Good business
dictates that when so large an organ-
ization as this requires has once
been created, it should be put to ev-
ery available purpose. In other
words, the "overhead' must earn its
max(1num. The Census therefore
should deal not only with the people
themselves, but •directly with the
people's institutions and affairs, in-
sofar as the latter can be properly
brought within its scope.
The Census' Schedules
The schedules used in the Census
nae six in enneber dealing respec-
tively with (1) Population, (2) Ag-
eicultere, (3) Live Stock, fruit grow-
ing. etc, in towns. (41 Merchandis-
ing and Service Establishments.- (5)
Illiedness and Deaf-mutism, and (6)
Institutions (penal, 'mental and neer-
ora teal, child eating, homes for ad-.
alts, Hospitals, sanatoria, dispensar-
ies, clinics, day nurseries).. Merely
to slate the questions asked on these
would be impossible here, The pop-
ulation .schedule carries some forty
retuning, recording for each person
the name,,, family. kind of dwelling,
ogee, see', ecniuga.i condition. birth-
elace, citizenship or nationality, rac-
ial origin, language, religion, edn-
en.11on. oc'•Upation, unemployment,
etc., etc., in ail necessary detail, To
farm to farm canvass, anti who is
the only census official with whop
the public comes directly in contact.
One object of the census being to
determine Parliamentary representa-
tion, the act direets that census dis-
tircts shall correspond as nearly as
possible to the federal constituencies
for the time being, whilst the sub -
districts are to be roughly the same
03 the polling subdivisions. Some of
the constituencies, however, are too
large for one commissioner and are
accordingly divided; departure is al-
so necessary in a good many cases
from the polling units. Altogether
'the census of 1931 will employ 253
Commissioners and probably 15,000
enumerators. The commissioners
are appointed by the Minister, and
instructed by an officer of the Bur-
eau; the enumerators are appointed
and instructed by the commissioners,
who must also check and vouch for
all the enumerators' returns before
the latter are forwarded to Ottawa.
All field officers are paid far the
most part on a "piece" basis, i.e.,
according to the population, 'farms,
etc., enumerated, A11 are required
to pass a practical test in the work
before appointment:
For a census that covers half a
continent, embracing the most var-
ied conditions of nature and settle-
ment, uniformity of plan is clearly
impossible. ` For the remote and
seldom penetrated regions of Un-
gava, ' Northern Ontario and the
Wiest, the organitation of the fur
trading companies and of the various
church missions have been engaged.
In other regions the Royal Canadian
IVfounted police will take the census,
whilst the agents of the Indian De-
partment will perform a like service
for the Indian' population on reserves'
and elaswhere. Representatives of
the Department will visit the remote
northern and sump -arctic regions. Ev-
en in districts that are closer, there
remain a large• number, of cases
where pacictrains must be eiegatilzed
steamers chartered and similar spec-
ial means employed to ensure that no
section of the country escapes en-
umeration. A.empianes will be used in.
some districts. ' •
For the compilation . of the census
an extra staff; of over '750 clerks,
THURSDAY, M;AY. 14
Will be engaged at Ottawa. Census
compilation and tabulation is an el-
aborate .
and detailed d 1 lrrocess '.
which
h
wouldtake t ace machac,
to desrb
11111011space ci e
p .
An interesting feature is the use of
machinery in compiling and analyz
ing the returns. The method is very
briefly as Follows: The several facts
obtained' for each individual are
punched on a specially designed, card,
the perforations' showing by their
location the exact information ob-
tained at the census. The cards are
then :sorted and otherwise inanipu-.
rated by machines which' count and
record' various combinations of data
as required, aecording to the per-
forations on the cards: For example
should it be. desired to know the
number of, say, civil ' engineers, of
Canadian citizenship between the.
ages of 21 and 50, in the province of
Ontario, the machines will pick but
and count the cards in a few opera-
tions. The invention of these ma-
chines, of which the Bureau of Stat-
istics has a large' battery, some be-
ing of its own invention and con-
struction, has greatly increased the
scope and, accuracy of the informa-
tion derivable from the census, at
the sante time that it has halved the
cost. A record exists of over a mil-
lion and a half classifications by one
machine in a single day.
It is expected that from two to
five weeks from June .1st will suf-
fice in normal localities for the
completion of the field work. After
the third or fourth month it .should
be possible to give out the first re-
sults for many cities, towns, coun-
ties, etc. As to when the final count
by provinces for the entire Dominion
will be available, so many unforesee-
able contingencies are possible that',
prophecy is dangerous, Int it is ex-
pected that five or six months should
enable a close approximation to be
nlhde, In the recent TJ S. census
the population count was announced
in four months and seven days.
Altogether, as already noted, the
census will cost some millions of
dollars, The amount set aside this
year is about two millions and a half
but there was a vote of 8135,000
last year for equipment and prepar-
atory work, and at least another
half million will m•obably be requir-
ed in 1032 and 1933 to finish.
,GODERICH:' Preparations are be-
ing made for the building of a sun -
room on the south side of Alexandra
Marine and General Hospital. Gor-
don Bridgeman, architect, of London,
has the plans in hand. The estimat-
ed cost of the new building is 87,000
and it is proposed to build this sum -
Many liberal donations` have
been received towards the cost of the
room.
CENSUS QUES
These are • the questions
be asked about. eachr erso
Dominion 'Government censt L
sometime during the opening' week
of June:
1. Your name and where you live.
2. Whether your home is Owned or
rented,
3. The estimated value of your
]tone, if owned; or the monthly
rental, if rented,
4,. 'How many rooms are in your.
borne, and is it of stone, or"brick,
or.w-bod?
5'. Is there a radio, set in our
. home? . �"
6. 'Your relationship to the fent
ily (whether the head of family,
wife, son, daughter, ' or uncle,
etc.)
8. Are you single, married, widow
ed or divorced?
9. What was your age at last
!birthday?
10.'Where were you born?
11. Where was your father born?
12. Where was your mother born?.
13. In what year did you immigrate
to Canada? . (For foreign -born
persons).
14. In what year were you natural-
ized? (For foreign -born _ persons.
15. 'What is your nationality?
16. What is your racial origin; from
what overseas country' did your
family originally come?
17. Are you able to speak English?
or French?
18. What is your mother tongue?
'(For foreign born persons).
19. Of what religious denomination
are you a member or adherent?
20. Are you able to read and write?
21. How many months at school
since Sept. 1, 1930? (For persons
of school age.)
22. If you are a gainful worker,
what is your occupation?
23. In what industry are you em-
ployed?
24. Aro .you an employer, an em-
ployee, or are you working on
your own account?
If you are an employee, you will
be asked if you were at week on
Monday, June 1st, 1031. If you ans-
wer "No," you will be asked wheth-
er it was because of: (a) No job; (8)
Sickness; (c) Accident; (d) On holi-
days; (e) Strike or lock -out; (1)
Plant closed; (g) Other reason.
You will also be asked whether you
have been out of work for any cause
in the Last 12 months? If you ans-
wer "Yes," you will be asked:
Dow many weeks have you been
out of work, and of these how many
were due to: (a) No job; (8) IA-
ness; (c) Accident; Id) Strike or
lock -out; (e) Temporary lay-off;
(f) Other reason,
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