The Clinton News Record, 1932-03-31, Page 6PAGE (
NEW;
Timely Information for the
Busy Farmer
er
( Furnished by the Department of Agriculture )
Co -Operative Experiments With growers in this district, in cereals
as well as red clover, has been due
Field Crops
to : the establishment of well -man•
Good seed is one of the chief foun- aged seed cleaning plants. ,
dation stones in successful agricul,
tune.
.Experiments conducted at O.A,C,
for more than half a' century in test-
ing different varieties of field crops
and seed selections of these crops
have emphasized theimportance of
sowing only the best seed.of the best
varieties and those adapted to the
farmer's particular locality, '
The Agricultural and Experimen-
tal' Union 'once more distribute
into every township .and country- of
Ontario, free of charge to farmers
who make application, selected seed
of ,the test varieties according to the
following list: s.
L Testing three varieties of oats.
2. Testing two varieties' of six-
rowed barley, including one with
• smooth awns. •
• 3. Testing two varieties of hul-
less barley.
4. Testing three varieties of
spring wheat. • •
-. 5: Testing two varieties of buck-
wheat.
6. Testing two varieties of field
peas.
7. Testing two varieties of spring
rye.
8. Testing three -varieties of soy
beans.
9. Testing seven varieties of flint
and dent husking corn.
10. Testing three varieties of
mangels.
11. Testing two -varieties of su-
gar mangels.
12. Testing three varieties of
swede turnips.
13. Testing two varieties of
fall turnips.
14. Testing two varieties of field
carrots.
15. Testing field corn and soy-
beans grown separately and in com-
bination; • •
16. Testing Sudan grass and two
varieties of millet.
17. Testing sunflower, sorghum
and corn for fodder.
18. Testing grass peas, vetches
.and soybeans.
19. Testing rape, kale and field
cabbage.
20. Testing three types of bien-
nial sweet clover.
21. Testing two varieties of al-
fglfa.
22. Testing sweet corn for table
use from different dates of planting
23. Testing three varieties of
field beans.
Each applicant must make a se-
cond choice indicating the number
opposite the experiment in case the
first cannot be granted.
Applications for this co-operative
material should be addressed to W.
J. Squirrel!, 0. A. College, Guelph,
Onix
•
•
' Onion Production
Onion growers in Southwestern
Ontario. enjoyed ,a fairly successfu'
year in 1031, but they fear that with
the low prices in" other lines of farm
produce, there may be too many go-
' ing into onions. An effort will be
made by the co-operative association
to limit the acreage this year. It is
pointed out that last year the Erieau
marshes were again cultivated and
that considerable acreage was added
for that reason. Weather counter.
acted the expected increase, how.
ever, and the co-operative was able
to place such surplus as was at
hand. A. market glut is feared this
year if the inexperienced grower
'should attempt onion production.
123 Red Clover Entries
What is reported to be a world's
record entry of red clover seed, ever.
exhibited at any exhibition or fair,
was the achievement of the Ottawa
Valley Seed Growers' Association, ace
cording to George .R.' Paterson; of
the Ontario 'Marketing Board.", • At
the annual seed fair held by thisor-
ganization in Hawkesbury, March le
to 18; one;hundred and twenty-three
individual lots of red clover;., were
placed on display , in .two classes
There' were 48 entries in the certif.
iod, class, -and 75 in the open class. •
That the quality of red clover
produced in the Ottawa Valley is se_
cond to none; might be realised'from
the fact that, on official analysis, ov-
er forty of the total entries revealed
absolute freedom from weed seeds,
and over eighty per cent. graded No,
1.
Much of the success enjoyed by the
Sow Thistle Decreasing
At the annual convention of Kent
County Wood Inspectors held recent-
ly at 'Cbptham, several delegates, re-
ported sow thistle to be_decreasing
in extent, according to A: H. Martin,
assistant director, Crops and Mar-
kets Branch. Provincial Department
of Agriculture. • Thomas' `Skinner,
weed inspector :for -Camden Town-
ship, reported a 30 per cent. decrease.
of sow thistle in one year; Mr. Skin-
ner says that this ,successful battle.
against sow thistle was brought a-
bout by the whole -hearted co-opera-
tion of the farmers and road super-
intendents with the weed inspector.
Control measures in Kent Corm
ty, on small patches, consist of spray
ing with chemicals. '
Where sow thistle has spread ex-
tensively, "early after harvest cul-
tivation" or "summer fallowing" is
practised. A short rotation, includ-
ing one specialized crop such as to-
bacco, sugar beets, or some other
hoed crop, is very effective in check.
ing all weeds, including sow thistle.
Care of Baby Chicks
- Proper care and management is
essential to the successful raising of
baby chicks. They Should have a
generoos supply of pure water al-
ways available. Drinking vessels
harbor germs and often the water
will become contaminated and may
spread disease through the entire
flock. Then there is the clanger of
some infected chicks . in every hatch;
danger of diarrhoea in some form or
other, loose bowel and intestinal
trouble. Don't permit a few chicks
to infect your entire flock.
March Weather
The value of snow in protecting
crops and providing a reserve of
moisture for the spring and summer
is recognized this year as never be-
fore. The entire province enjoyed
open weather until' the first of
March, so open in fact that it reused
apprehension 'as to the effect on cer-
tain crops. Reports were received
from a number of agricultural re-
presentatives noting that damage
was -being ,done to clover and to fall
wheat. Then came a heavy snow-
fall, providing the - most desirable
kind of blanket against sun, wind and
frost, Growth cannot be expected
for several weeks and in the mean-
time it is desirable that roots be
protected, While fruit tree buds may
suffer to some extent from the low
temperature, any loss of this nature
is likely to be balanced by the kil-
ling of insects that are stirred into
to early activity.' Several species,
among then the San Jose Scale,
have increased in numbers with the
recent mild winters. Nature's met-
hod of control is a near zero weath-
er such as March has supplied. '
Certified Seed
Field inspection of seed crops
for certification in Canada restilts
in the placing on the market of many
thousands of bushels of seed of a
quality superior to the' commercial
No. 1 grade. •
Services of this kind are rendered
by Dominion Seed Branch inspectors
in connection with a wide range of
seed crops. With cereals and corn
inspection is made of the standing
crop to determine purity of variety.
with red clover, type, hardiness and
freedom from bladder campion; with
alfalfa and sweet clover, origin and
type; withalsike, origin and freedom
from bladder,catnpion; with timothy,
origin and freedom from .ox -eye
daisy;, with biome and western rye
grass, origin and freedom from conch
grass,and with crested wheat grass,
origin 'and purity.•`
..Gertifiea seed, after cleaning, is
graded,.tagged and sealed bygovern-
tnent inspectors. The seed inspect
tion certificate tag attached bears
the certification as to the origin,
grade and quality of the seed.
The .three prairie provinces pro-
vide the bulk of certified seed of cer-
cans, flax and grasses; Manitoba and I
Ontario, the greater part of the cer-
tified seed of clovers,' while most of i
the certified seed torn is ,of Ontario
prodpetion.
TIE CLINTON NEWS -RECORD
Grain Smuts and Their Prevention 20 pounds blood meat
INTER.
(From the office of the Local Agri-
cultural Representative
Losses, due to grain smuts affect-
ing oats, wheat and barley each year
f in the Province of Ontario, amount
to 4 to 5 •per cent of the total crop
yield and lower the market value of
these grains' by approximately $5;=
000,000 annually. Practically all of
this loss cats be prevented easily by
carefully treating the seed grain be-
fore sowing.
Oat smut is the most common and
troublesome grain smut in the Pro-
vince and it destroys the kernel, hull
and chaff. The -fungus causing oat
smut is carried over winter, exter-
nally on the kernel and in .the:sur-
rounding hull where it can be reach-
ed by a seed disinfectant.
•
The Spraying or so-called Dry.
Formaldehyde Treatment: -
This method ie recommended for
the prevention of Oat Snnit only,
though it can be safely 'used -with a
mixture of oats and barley. It can-
not however, he safely used- with
wheat; or hulless oats.
Directions -Use equal quantities of
formalin and water, that it, 1 pint
of formalin and 1 pint of water. A
quart of the solution should be ap-
plied to 50. bushels of oats. If smal-
ler or larger quantities are treated
use proportional amounts of the for-
maldehyde solution, thus: 25 bushels
of oats require only 1-,2 pint of for-
malin mixed with 1-2 pint of water.
A small quart sealer sprayer is most
convenient for applying the formal-
in solution to the oats. A sprinkling
can is not satisfactory.
Sweep a portion of the granary or
barn floor and then spray it with a
little of the formalin solution. Place
the oats to be treated in a pile on
the floor and shovel them into anoth-
er pile and as they are being shov-
elled over spray them with the for-
malin solution. When finished spray
the bags on both the -inside and the
outside and cover the pile of oats
with them. Old carpets, blankets,
tarpaulin, etc maybe used to cover
the treated oats but should first be.
sprayed the same as the bags. Leave
the oats covered for four or five
hours, then uncover and they are
ready to. sow.
N.B.-When treating oats. by this
method open the doors so as to give
plenty of ventilation and hold the
sprayer close to the oats. If this is
not done the strong fumes of formal-
in will cause much irritation to the
nose and throat.
Advantages of This Method
1. It is safe.
2. Large quantities can be treat-
ed in a short time.
3. There is no waiting for the
oats to dry; they can be sown at
once after treating.
4. If necessary the treated oats
can be stored safely for a -week or
more.
Tho Standard Sprinkling Method
With a Formalin Solution
This method is recommended for
the prevention of smut of Oats.
Stinking Smut of Wheat and Cover-
ed Smut of Barley.
Directions -Mix 1 pint of formalin
with 40 gallons of water. PIace the
grain to be treated in a heap on a
clean floor. Sprinkle the formalin
solution over the grain, then shovel
the grain into another pile so as to
mix it thoroughly. Then sprinkle
and shovel again. Repeat this op-
eration until every grain is moistem
ed' with the solution. Just enough
of the solution should be applied to
thoroughly moisten every grain
but not enough` to make
the pile wet and soppy. Forty gal.
Ions of this formalin solution is suf-
ficient to sprinkle between 50 and 60
bushels of grain, so that it takes
two-thirds of a gallon or more of
this solution per bushe•I. It is inn
portant to use lrroportionai amount of
the formalin solution. After the
grain has been thoroughly sprinkled
Cover the pile with bags, sacks or
blankets, etc, which have been
sprinkled with or soaked in a for-
malin solution, and leave for three
or four hours. At the end of this
time spread the grain out thinly . to
dry. It is often advisable to shovel
it over three or four times to hasten
the drying.
Formaldehyde is sold under the
name of formalin which is a forty
per cent. solution of formaldehyde.
It can be . purchased in drug stores by
the pound (16 ounces) or by the pint
(20 ounces): Barrels or pails are
not injured by formalin and so may
be used for holding the solution
when treating the seed.
Copper Carbonate Dust Treatment
For the Preventien of Stinking
Snlu£or-Bunt of. Wheat and
Smut in Hulless Cats ,..
Directions: This dust should lie'
applied at the rate '.of from, 2 or $
ounces per bushel depending npolt
the amount of smut present. Dud
mixing machines are now ` on the
market for applying -dust kepidly to
argequantities of grain. Put the
grain and the copper carbonate dust
nth themixing machine and rotate
or other early types, should be ready
to dig, and also some carrots and
beets. About this time, too, we
should be switching to Cos lettuce,
which is sown later than the leaf or
Head sorts, and thrives in hot
weather. 'Early ,beans of both the
green and yellow type will be ready
and if sown at intervals should keep
coming on right through the sunnner.
Second sowings of carrots and beets
will follow the early crop. Broad
beans, a delicious and substantial
vegetable, very popular in England,
will ' also beready now, together
with Swiss Chard and perhaps the
first row of spring sown, extra early
corn.
Barley vs. Corn For
Laying Hens
Y g
(Experimental farms Note)
Tit order to find if :barley can re-
place corn . profitably for feeding
hens,' the . Experimental -Station of
Ste. Anne de la Pocatiere, P.Q., con-
ducted an experiment in this connec-
tion during the Last five years.
Two groups of ten pullets of the
same age and strain were fed the
same way, for a period of six months
each year, from November to May,
except that one lot received a mix-
ture of grain and meal containing
corn while the other lot was fed a
mixture of grain and meal, contain-
ing barley instead of corn and of
the following composition:
The grain mixture for the barley
fed group, was composed by weight
of one part barley, one part wheat
and one half part oats.
The corn fed group had corn in-
stead of barley in the mixture.
The mash for the barley fed group
was composed of:
100 pounds of finely ground bar-
ley.
100 pounds ground oats.
50 pounds wheat bran. '
200 pounds white middling.
20 pounds bone meal.
20 pounds of powdered buttermilk,
5 pounds of-saltand2 per cent of
cod liver oil.
The corn fed group received the
same mixture with the exception of
barley which was replaced by corn
meal.
Besides the grain and mash mix-
ture fed,
ix-ture.fed, the birds had free access to
cut clover hay and a root (mangels)
was giveneach pen daily. The birds
were kept supplied with grit, oyster
shell, charcoal and water.
The results obtained are shown in
the following table.
Lot fed corn. Lot fed barley,
• Average 5 yrs. Average 5 yrs.
N'untber of birds in lot ....10 10
Total cost of feed for each
groupfor a period of 6
months -. .$12.68 $10.63
Number of -eggs laid for each
group for a period of 6
months . . • 817 780.
Value of eggs laid `..$30.23 $29.10
Cost, production per dor 18.5 16.3
Brft. over dost of feedl$17.G5 $18.47
It. is to be, noted in the above
table that the lot: fed upon a basis
of corn, laid only 37 eggs more for
a ,period of five years, and as the
grain consumed was charged at
commercial prices, the eggs produced
with corn as a basis cost 18 1-2 cents
per dozen as compared with 161-3
cents for the eggs produced with bar -
,ley.
It' is well to note that when bare
ley is used as poultry feed, it rust be
of good quality and the barley meal
trust be ground very fine.
•
Leading Flax Vatieties
for Seed Production
Canada is producing on the average
over three million bushels of flax
seed annually, two and a half mil-
lion bushels of which are required at
home for the linseed oil industry.
The major consideration in the im-
THURS;; MARCH 31, 1932'.'
provement of the flax seed crop is
yield, that is the capacityto produce
seed. This in turn requires the con-
sideration of such characters' as ear
ly maturity and disease resistance.
The question of quality in the seed
that is the ability to produce a high
percentage of oil ofgoodquality for
the purpose intended must also be
considered. The 'varieties used for
seed production differ from those in
which fibre is the chief' consideration
in that they are usually shorter in
the straw and. more branched than
the fibre varieties.
Among theolder varieties of 'seed
flax in Canada, Primost, a variety
distributed: by the Minnesota Experi-
ment Station, has probably- been
most widely grown. Novelty, -' Ot-
tawa 53 and, Crowntwo varieties de-
veloped ;in Canada are a little Iater
in maturity and frequently outyie•Id
Primeet. The Experimental Farm in
Ottawa has produced an earlier mat-
uring called Diadem . which appears
promising for the northern parts of
the Prairie "Provinces. Unfortunately,
these varieties are •susceptible to
and frequently damaged ,by flax wilt
so could.. only be recommended for
soils where disease is not a factor.
Flax wilt re •a soil borne disease and
being carded on the seed may_ be-
come a problem at pny time if flax
is grownfor many years on the same
land. '
The Experimental Station at Fargo,
North Dakota has made notalble con-
tributions to the problem of breed-
ing wilt resistant varieties, N.A.R.
52 one of their earlier introductions
having been grown 'successfully
throughout Western Canada. Linota
a more recent introduction and one
which seems quite resistant to wilt
has not proven a better yielder. Lat-
er selections have given us two var-
ieties, a small seeded variety called
Buda and one with much larger seed
called Bison. Their performance in a
wilt infected area at the Experimen-
tal Farm at Ottawa has been very
good and they appear among the mosi
promising varieties under test for
seed production.
Little England is More
Than English:.
Passengers outbound aboard Cana-
dian National' West Indies liners to.,
cheat Jack Frost out of a winter or• •
two, often .pick up a• hand -book of;
the British " Wrest Indies and 'encoun,-
ter an extravaganza of patriotic
sentinient. They meet this inspis
ing patriotism in a page -devoted to, ,
Mottoes adopte$ by the various• trop
ical colonies.' Though the Latiiri
therein displayed is somewhat over, -
powering, translations are given:.
It is not surprising that 'Barbados;.
often .called "Little' England" and
often. described as more"English'-'"
than England herself, should, have
the most Briti'sli and the most am-
bitious motto of all; Barbados has as
slogan which reads: "Et penitus tote
regnantes orbe Britannos,"'- whieh;.
being translated, reads: "And' the
Britons ruling absolutely over the:
whole world."
The Bahamas motto, translated,
reads: "Pirates expelled, trade re -i,
stored." The island of Dominica de-
clares itself: "Ready with our souls
and wealth." Jamaica proposes thus:
"Let each of the two Indies be of
service to ane end." Trinidad and'
Tobago (the latter reputed to he.
Robinson Crusoe's island) took to
Virgil, as did Barbados, and decided"
thus: "Ile approves the -union of the -
peoples and a common treaty." Gren-
and is brief and simple. "Brighter -
out of darkness." St. Lucia calls
itself: "A safe anchorage for ships."'
St. Vincent is all for: "Peaee and'
Justice." 3'obago, not content with
sharing one motto with Trinidad,
has this lovely sentiment all to its-
elf: "She emerges more beautiful."'
British Guiana is very practical: "We
give and take." British Honduras is
•more picturesque: "Beneath the
shade I flourish."
It is useless to advertise for a lost -
opportunity.
am,
Two parsons -so the story goes -
attending a conference, had beds in
the same room. One was a young
man; the other was old. They began
their devotions simultaneously, but
the older man was off his knees and
into bed in a twinkling. The young-
er man's prayer was long. When he
rose, ho felt called on to ehido the
older man for the brevity of his
prayer. The old man's reply was
both blunt and rebuking -"I keep
prayed up, young man. I keep pray-
ed up!"
There's a point in this story for
those who employ .advertising to sell
their goods and service. 'It is, Beep
continual contact, by the agency of
published advertising, with these
from whom you want business.
Many sellers Iapse into long per-
iods of silence. Then, when business
is bad, they may burst into adver-
tising, hoping that there will be im-
mediate and earnest attention on
the part of those addressed.
Buyers - are attentive and respon-
sive to those who maintain steady
contact with diem -via published ad-
vertising. To them they are friend-
ly. When in the market for what
the selleroffers, to• him 'they turn
easily, expectantly, confidently end
responsively.
The advertising which costs least
because of a minimum 'of buyer re-
sistance and a maximum -of' goodwill
and responsiveness -is that `which is
published cJentinuously. Contrariwise
the advertising Which costs most is
that which boasts into sight suddenly
and intermitently-like the fires of
Vesuvius. It costs most because it
doesn't get the required response, in
the time limit set. -
There's another little story about
prayer -a story with a point. A
small boy told his Sunday School
teacher that he never said his pray-
ers in the morning, but always at
night "And why not in the morn-
ing?" asked the teacher. "Why";
said the small boy, "any fellow who's
any good can look after himself in
the day time"
Many sellers are very much like
this small bay; many are worse.
Many advertise only when darkness
begins to fall over their business..
Manydon't advertise at all.
The right idea is, of ocurse,'ta keep
on distributing among buyers in,
formation about 'one's goods and
wants -at all times. Thus do the
leaders,.'
SILENCE
SIGNIFIES• •
SELLERINDIFFERENCE
BUYERS, IN Gl87ATEST. NTJM'.
BERS; GO WHERE THEY ARE'
INVITEZI TO' GM.
u�•